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Color and Label Color and Label .: Cells and Their Organelles

The cell is the basic unit of life and contains various organelles that carry out specific functions. Key organelles include the nucleus, which contains DNA and controls the cell; mitochondria and chloroplasts, which generate energy for the cell; and the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vacuoles, which modify and transport molecules. The cell membrane and cell wall form the boundary of the cell and regulate what enters and exits.

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Ellie Griffin
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55 views4 pages

Color and Label Color and Label .: Cells and Their Organelles

The cell is the basic unit of life and contains various organelles that carry out specific functions. Key organelles include the nucleus, which contains DNA and controls the cell; mitochondria and chloroplasts, which generate energy for the cell; and the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vacuoles, which modify and transport molecules. The cell membrane and cell wall form the boundary of the cell and regulate what enters and exits.

Uploaded by

Ellie Griffin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cells and Their Organelles

The cell is the basic unit of life. The following is a glossary of cell terms. All cells
are surrounded by a cell membrane. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some
substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. It is composed of a double layer of
phospholipids and embedded proteins. Sometimes the cell membrane is referred to as the
plasma membrane. Color and label the cell membrane grey. Plant cells have an additional
layer surrounding them called the cell wall. The cell wall is made of nonliving material called
cellulose. Color and label the cell wall brown.

1. At what level of organization does life begin?

2. What surrounds all cells?

3. What is meant by semipermeable?

4. What 2 things make up the cell membrane?

5. The cell membrane is also called the ____________________ membrane.

6. Centrioles are found inside what type of cell?

7. What additional layer is found around the outside of plant, fungus, some protist and
bacteria cells?

The nucleus is a spherical body containing the nucleolus that makes ribosomes. The
nucleus is the control center of the cell. It also contains chromatin, loose threadlike
strands of DNA. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. DNA
is transcribed into RNA in the nucleus. RNA will then be used to make proteins, which
will carry out the instructions from the DNA. The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear
membrane. Color and label the nucleolus dark blue and the nuclear membrane yellow.
Materials, like RNA, can move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
in the membrane around the nucleus. Label the nuclear pores. The nucleoplasm is the
fluid substance in the nucleus. Color and label the nucleoplasm light blue.

8. Where is DNA found in inside a cell?

9. What molecule will carry out the instructions from the DNA?

10. DNA coils tightly during division and assembles into visible ____________________

11. What does the nucleolus make?


Cytoplasm is the jelly like material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are
located. Color and label the cytoplasm pink. All cells, even prokaryotes, contain small
bodies called ribosomes. Label the ribosomes. Proteins are made here by a process
called protein synthesis. The DNA contains genes that are the genetic blue print for
the cell. DNA is transcribed to RNA. RNA transmits the genetic information to the
cell. Ribosomes use the information from RNA to make proteins. Proteins then carry out
the genetic instructions from the DNA.

12. Where are organelles located?

13. Where are proteins made?

14. Do all cell need ribosomes?

15. The process of making proteins is called __________________

16. The ultimate purpose of the cell is to make _______________

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is a vast system of interconnected


membrane covered, folded and convoluted sacs that are located in the cell’s cytoplasm.
Its function is to move molecules throughout the cell. The ER is in continuous with the
outer nuclear membrane. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough
appearance. Color and label the rough ER violet. Rough ER produces phospholipids and
the RER’s ribosomes produce proteins which are sent to the Golgi body (also called Golgi
apparatus or Golgi complex) in vesicles or inserted into the cell membrane. The Golgi
(pronounced Gol-jee) complex is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a
stack of pancakes. The Golgi body modifies & packages proteins and carbohydrates into
membrane bound vesicles for export from the cell. Color and label the Golgi red.
Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes on its surface. It builds lipids such as cholesterol.
It produces steroids hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. It releases calcium
for muscle contraction. It detoxifies toxins, alcohol, and drugs. Leave the smooth ER
white.

17. What does the ER do?

18. How does rough ER differ from smooth ER?

19. Rough ER is connected to the ________________ membrane and to the


___________ ER.
20. Proteins made by the rough ER travel to the in sacs called _______________.
Golgi apparatus ________ and ___________ proteins for export out of the cell.

21. Give 4 jobs for smooth ER.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Chloroplasts are elongated or disc shaped organelles containing chlorophyll that


trap sunlight for energy. Photosynthesis (sun energy is converted into chemical energy
– food) takes place in the chloroplast. Only plant cells and some protists, NOT animal
cells, contain chloroplast. Chloroplasts contain a system of flattened membranes called
thylakoids. Color and label the chloroplasts dark green. There are actually other
types of plastids, including chromoplasts (which contain pigments) and amyloplasts (which
store starch). Mitochondria are spherical to rod shaped organelles with a double
membrane. The inner membrane is folded many times, forming a series of projections
called the cristae. The mitochondria convert energy stored in glucose into ATP for the
cell through cellular respiration. Oxygen is required for this process and carbon dioxide
is produced. Color and label the mitochondria orange. Both chloroplasts and
mitochondria have double membranes and their own DNA.

22. What process takes place inside the chloroplasts?

23. What is the energy source for this process?

24. What pigments traps the energy?

25. Chloroplasts are found in what type of cells?

26. What are two other types of plastids?


27. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are alike in that they both have
_______________ membranes and their own ______.

28. What is required for cellular respiration?

29. What is produced in cellular respiration?

Cells contain fluid filled sacs called vacuoles. The vacuole fills with food being
digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell. In plant cells, a large
central vacuole takes up most of the space in the cell. It stores water, pigments, and
wastes. Color and label the vacuoles light green. Cells also contain spherical organelles
called lysosomes that contain digestive enzymes. Nutrients are digested by the cell
here, as well as old cell organelles that are going to be recycled. The lysosome can burst
and digest the cell. Color and label the lysosomes tan.

30. Pigments, water, and wastes are stored inside the ____________.

31. Digestion takes place inside _____________ containing __________.


32. The largest organelle in plants is the _________________.

33. What organelle breaks down and recycles worn out cells?

The cytoskeleton is the “skeleton” of the cell. It is a network of thin tubes and
filaments made of proteins that give the cell is shape and allows the cell to move.
Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments make up the cytoskeleton. Color
and label these filaments black. The centriole is a small body located near the nucleus.
During cell division (mitosis), the centriole divides and two parts move to opposite sides of
the dividing cell. Only animals have centrioles. Color and label the centrioles purple. Cilia
and flagella are used by some cells to move. Cilia are short, hairlike projections that cover
the cell. Flagella are longer and whiplike and are far less numerous than the cilia.
34. What gives the cell is shape and allows it move?

35. What type of organic compound makes up the cytoskeleton?

36. What are the three types of filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

37. How do centrioles help the cell?

38. What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

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