RQ F, Yf Fpaq Fspy XG Gidfs : Kidth .GH - Khyjp

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Aayvagam an International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research | Volume 5 | Issue 6 | June 17 4

rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; xg;gidfs;


Kidth;.gh.khyjp> cjtpg; Nguhrphpah;> kJiu fhkuhrh; gy;fiyf;fof cWg;Gf; fy;Y}hp> rhj;J}h;.

goe;jkpohpd; ehfhpfk;> gz;ghL> fiyj; jpwd; Nghd;wtw;iw ntspg;gLj;JtJ xg;gidf; fiyahFk;.


kf;fspd; moF Nkk;ghl;bw;F msTNfhyhf miktJk; xg;gidf; fiyNa vdyhk;. kf;fspd; nry;tr; nropg;ig>
nrk;khe;j tho;it ntspf;fhl;Ltjw;Fk; xg;gidf; fiyNa fUtpahf mikfpd;wJ. ‘moFf;fiyia tpUk;ghj
kdpjd; mwpT epuk;ghj tpyq;F’ vd;Nw mwpQh;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;.

xg;gidfs; - tpsf;fk;:
fz;Zf;Fk;> kdj;jpw;Fk; ,d;gk; jUtJ moF. me;j mofpid ntspg;gLj;j cjTtJ xg;gidf;
fiyahFk;. xg;gid vd;w nrhy;ypw;F “mo$l;Ljy; my;yJ mofhf;Fjy; vd;gJ nghUs;. ,Uf;fpd;w moif
kpifg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Ljy;> ,Uf;fpd;w moif ntspf;nfhzUjy;> moF ,y;yhj nghUisAk; mofhff; fhl;Ljy;
xg;gidapd; gz;ghlhFk;”1. vd;W tuyhw;WKiw ,yf;fpag; Ngufuhjp tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,aw;if moif kdpj
kdk; tpUk;gpdhYk; nraw;ifahf xg;gid nra;tjpYk; mjpf <LghL nfhs;fpd;wJ.me;j <Lghl;bd; ntspg;ghNl
xg;gidf; fiyapd; Njhw;wk; vdyhk;. “Mjpf;Fbfs; fpspQ;ry;fisAk;> kzpfisAk;> kyHfisAk;> ,wFfisAk;
jiyapy; mzpfshf mzpe;J moF nra;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;. ngz;fs; cr;rp Kjy; cs;sq;fhy; tiuapYk;>
$e;jy; mzpfs;> fOj;J tisaq;fs;> %f;fpy; ee;J> fhjzpfs;> flfq;fs;> iff;fhg;Gfs;> fhyzpfs;
Kjypatw;why; moF nra;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;”2 vd;W tho;tpaw; fsQ;rpak; MjpFbfspd; xg;gidfs; gw;wpf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

xg;gidf; fiy
kdpj tuyhw;wpd; ehfhpf tsh;r;rpiag; Gwj;Nj Gyg;gLj;jpf; fhl;LtJ xg;gidf; fiyahFk;. xU ehl;L
kf;fsJ ehfhpf epiyapid czHj;Jtjw;F Vuhskhd gpw fiyfs; ,Ue;jhYk; xg;gidf; fiy mtw;wpDk;
Nkk;gl;L tpsq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gij kWf;fKbahJ. xg;gidapy; gy El;gq;fs; mlq;fpAs;sjhYk;> ehfhpfj;ij
czHj;Jk; tifapy; Kjd;ikahdjhf cs;sjhYk;> mWgj;J ehd;F fiyfs; thpirapy; xg;gidf; fiyAk;
xd;whf mike;Js;sJ.

xg;gid tiffs;
xg;gid vd;gJ mwpT eyj;ij mwptpg;gjhfTk; cs;sJ. mwptpd; tsHr;rpf;Nfw;g xg;gidapd;
czHr;rpAk;> tifAk; mike;Js;sd. xg;gidapd; Nkd;ik> tiffs; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L mwpT eyj;ij
mwpayhFk;. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; tUzid mbg;gilapy; xg;gid ,Utifahf mikfpd;wJ> (1) KbKjy; mb
tiu tUzpg;gJ (Nfrhjp ghj tUzid)> (2) mbKjy; Kbtiu tUzpg;gJ (ghjhjp Nfr tUzid)

mzpfy xg;gid Nfrhjpgjk; vd;w Kiwapy; ,lk; ngWk;. xg;gid vd;gJ fhy epiy fhuzkhfTk;, GhpAk;
gzp epiy fhuzkhfTk;> taJepiy fhuzkhfTk; NtWgl;L miktJ MFk;. gfy;Neu xg;gidAk;> ,uTNeu
xg;gidAk; NtWgl;lit. Nkw;nfhz;L thOk; njhopy; tif Nfw;gg; gytifahd NtWghLfs; xg;gidapy;
cz;L. mit> 1. rpWtH> rpWkpfl;fhd xg;gidfs;> 2. kfspHf;fhd xg;gidfs;> 3. MltUf;fhd xg;gidfs;, 4.
KjpNahHf;fhd xg;gidfs;, vd xg;gidfspy; gy tiffs; cs;sd. NkYk;> 1.Fl;ilahd cUtk;
cs;stUf;fhd xg;gid> 2. nel;ilahd cUtk; cs;stUf;fhd xg;gid> 3. Nfhilf; fhy xg;gid, 4.
FspHfhy xg;gid> 5. $e;jy; xg;gid> 6. Kf xg;gid> 7.cil xg;gid> 8.mzp (eif) xg;gid> 10. Nkdp
xg;gid 11. tpohf;fhy xg;gid vd;W Nehf;fq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; xg;gidfSk; khWgl;L cs;sd.

xg;gidg; nghUl;fspd; thzpfk;


rq;f fhy tho;tpaypy; kUj epyk; nry;tr; nropg;gpy; Nkd;ikAw;wpUe;jJ. kUj epyj;jpy; efu
tho;tpay; ,Ue;jjhy;; xg;gidf;fiy mq;F Njhd;wp tsHe;Js;sJ. xg;gidf;Fj; Njitahd nghUs; jahhpg;G
,lq;fSk;> tpw;gid GhpAk; ,lq;fSk; ,Ue;Js;sd. ,j;jifa efuq;fspy; xd;whf Nrho ehl;Lj; jiyefukhfpa
fhtphp gl;bdk; mike;J tpsq;fpaikiar; rpyg;gjpfhuk; ed;F tphpj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
fhtphpGFk; gl;bdk; rpwe;j flw;fiug; gl;bdkhf tpsq;fpaNjhld;wp> tpOkpa JiwKfg; gl;bdkhfTk;
tpsq;fpaJ. me;efuj; JiwKfj;jpy; gytplq;fspypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l gy;NtW nghUs;fSk;> Nrho
kd;ddJ ,yr;rpid ,lg;gl;Lf; Fd;Wfisg; Nghyf; Ftpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
“cy;Fnraf; FiwglhJ
…………………………
mse;jwpahg; gygz;lk;
…………………………
Gypnghwpj;Jg; Gwk;Nghf;fp
kjpepiwe;j kypkz;lgk;
nghjp%ilg; NghNuwp” - gl;bdg; ghiy

me;efuj;jpy; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l gz;lq;fs; ,d;dpd;d vd;w tptuj;ijAk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.


mNugpahtpypUe;J fg;gy;fspy; FjpiufSk;> Nkw;Ff; flw;gf;fj;jpypUe;J glFfspy; kpsFg; nghjpfSk;>
NkUtpypUe;J khzpf;fKk;> nghjpa kiyapypUe;J re;jd kuKk;> ghz;b ehl;bypUe;J Kj;Jf;fSk;> fPo;f;
flw;gFjpapypUe;J gtsq;fSk;> gHkhtpypUe;J rpy kzg; nghUl;fSk;> rPdNjrj;jpypUe; J fw;G+uk;> Fq;Fkk;
Kjypa nghUs;fSk; te;jpwq;fpd. ,tw;wpy; khzpf;fk;> Kj;J> gtsk;> re;jdk;> Fq;Fkk;> kzg; nghUl;fs;
Mfpait xg;gidf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ltdthFk;.
,j;jifa mt;tpOkpa efuj;;jpy; ehsq;fhb> my;yq;fhb vdg;gLfpd;w gfy; Neuf;filfSk;> ,uT
Neuf;filfSk; ,Ue;Js;sd. mf;filfspy; gy filfs; xg;gidg; nghUs;fis tpw;gid nra;gitahf
,Ue;Js;sd vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk; tphpj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
Aayvagam an International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research | Volume 5 | Issue 6 | June 17 5
G+Tk;> GifAk; tpw;gid nra;gtHfSk;> tz;zKk;> Rz;zKk; tpw;gtHfSk;> gl;L> vypkapH> gUj;jp
Mfpatw;why; jahhpf;fg;gl;l Milfis tpw;gtHfSk;> JzpapdhYk;> nel;bapdhYk;> G+> thlhkhiy>
ngha;f;nfhz;il Kjypa nghUl;fisr; nra;J tpw;gtHfSk;> gy;tif mzpfyd;fisr; nra;J tpw;Fk; jl;lhH
tifapdUk; ,Ue;jdH vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk; ‘GfhHf; fhz;lj;jpy;’ czH;j;Jfpd;wJ.
ehfhpf Nkd;ikAk;> xg;gidf; fiy tsKk; rpwe;J tpsq;f pa ,e;efuk;> kUT+Hg; ghf;fk;> gl;bdg; ghf;fk;
vd;W ,Utifahfg; gFf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. kUT+Hg; ghf;fk; vd;gJ flw;fiug; gf;fk;. ,g;ghf;fj;jpy; gy;tifj;
njhopyhsHfs; tho;e;jdH. gl;bdg;ghf;fk; vd;gJ efhpd; cl;gf;fk;. ,g;ghf;fj;jpy; kd;dUk; nry;tUk;
tho;e;Js;sdH.,t;thNw ghz;baH jiyefukhfpa kJiuAk; NruH jiyefukhfpa tQ;rpAk; xg;gidf; fiy
tsh;j;j tpOkpa efuq;fshf tpsq;fpaikia ,yf;fpaq;fs; thapyhf mwpayhk;.

xg;gidapy; mzpfyd;fs>; Milfs;


mzpfyd;fisAk; Mil Mguzq;fisAk; mzpe;J jd;id myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; kdpjd; mstw;w
Mir nfhz;ltd;. ,jpy; Mz>; ngz; vd;w Ngjk; ,y;iy. Milfshy; jd;id moFgLj;jp myq;fhpj;Jf;
nfhs;tjpy; MHtk; fhl;LtJ ,UghyHf;Fk; nghJthd ,ay;Ng MFk;.kfspiug; Nghy MltUk; nghd;
mzpfshy; jk;ik myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhz;ljidr; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. GwehD}W Mlth;
xg;gidiag; ghbAs;sJ.
‘…………………………………..
GiuNahd; Nkdpg; G+e;Jfpw; fypq;fk;
ciunry mUspNdhd;’ (GwehD}W:398)
“kiy Nghd;w khHgpy; mzpe;j. cyfnky;yhk; tpiykjpf;f jf;f gykzpfs; NfhHf;fg;gl;L> xsptpsq;Fk;
ghk;GNghy tise;J fplf;Fk; MuKk;> G+ Ntiy nra;ag;gl;l MilAk; jd;Gfo; vq;Fk; gut ey;fpdhd;.” vd;Wk;>
“NfhbaH KoTkUs; Nghd;wJk; mofpa kzpahw; nra;ag;gl;l thFtyak; mzpe;jJkhd Njhspw; fplf;Fk; ghk;G
NghYk; Muk;” vd;Wk; GwehD}w;Wr; nra;Asbfs; MltH mzpe;j mzpfisf; $Wfpd;wd.
tpyq;F epiyapy; ,Ue;J fhl;L kpuhz;bahf khw;wkile;J> gpd; Ntl;ilr; r%fkhfTk;> Nka;r;ry;
r%fkhfTk; khwp tsHe;J Kd;Ndwpa kdpjd; khdj;ij kiwj;Jf; nfhs;s> ,aw;ifapy; fpilj;j nghUs;fshd
,iy jiofshy; khiy fz;zp Kjypatw;iwj; njhLj;Jf; fOj;jpYk; khHgpYk; jiyapYk; mzpe;J
nfhz;lhd;. Njhiy Milahf mzpe;j kdpjd; ,iy> jio> kyH Kjypatw;iwj; njhLj;J khiyahfTk;
fz;zpahfTk; mzpe;jhd; vd;W ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil ghbAs;sJ.
‘Nfhl;lTka; nfhbaTk; tpiu,f;fhl;l
gy;G+kpile;j gliyf; fz;zp
xd;wkULf;iff; $ohhpilad;” (ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil 173-75)
ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gilapy; ,Ug;gijg; Nghd;Nw kJiuf; fhQ;rpAk; ,aw;ifahilfisf; $Wfpd;wJ.
“grpa ,iyahy; njhLf;fg;gl;l jiof; fz;zpiaAk; khR nghUe;jpa ciliaAk; cila ,ilad; ”
“ctiyf; fz;zp td; nrhypisQH”
“jio tputpd; fz;zpiaAk; fba nrhy;iyAk; cila ,isAQH”
,t;thW> ,df;FO tho;f;ifapy; Ntl;ilahbAk; epiu Nka; j;Jk; tho;e;j kdpjd; jd;id ,iy
jiofshy; myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhz;l nra;jpiar; rq;f E}y;fs; rhd;W gfh;fpd;wd.
Kw;fhy fl;lj;jpy; nts;sp> nghd; Kjypa cNyhfq;fshy; Mguzq;fSk; mzpfyd;fSk; nra;J
myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; rpe;jid kdpjDf;F Vw;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. mtw;iw Mf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; epiyapidNah>
mzpe;J moFgLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; epiyapidNah kdpjd; va;jpapUf;ftpy;iy. mjw;F mtDf;F Xa;T
fpilf;ftpy;iy. mtd; tho;e;j r%f mikg;Ng mjw;Ff; fhuzk; MFk;. kdpjd; mehfhpf epiyapy; tho;e;j
fhy fl;lj;jpy; NeHj;jpaw;w Mguzq;fisr; nra;J mzpe;J nfhz;l hd; vd;W vq;fy;]; mtHfs; $wpAs;shHfs;.

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; xg;gid epiyfs;


rq;ffhyg; ngz;fspd; fiy czHT vd;gJ ,aw;if kw;Wk; nraw;ifg; GidTfspy; ed;F
Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;ngz;fspd; xg;gidia ehd;F epiyfspy; gFf;fyhk;.
1. kyiuAk;> jspiuAk; mg;gbNa mzptJ.
2. fiyAzHNthL khiyfshfTk;> fz;zpfshfTk;> jiyahilfshfTk; Gide;J nfhs;tJ.
3. rq;F> Kj;J Mfpatw;whyhd mzpfis mzptJ.
4. nghd; Nghd;w cNyhf mzpfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ. Nkw;fz;l ehd;F epiyfspy; ngz;fSf;F
moFzHtpy; cs;s ehl;lk; kw;Wk; fiyj;jpwd; <LghLk; ekf;F Gyg;gLfpd;wJ.

$e;jy; xg;gid
kdpjdpd; Njhw;wg; nghyptpw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; $e;jyhFk;. $e;jiy guhkhpj;jhy; Kfmoifg; ngwyhk;
vd;gij ek; Kd;NdhHfs; czHe;Js;sdH. ePuhLk; NghNj $e;jYf;Fg; gy;NtW kzg;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
ePuhbAs;sdh;. <uk; cyHj;j Gif Nghd;wtw;iw gad;gLj;jp $e;jYf;F xg;gid nra;Js;sdh;. mjd;gpd; $e;jiy
moFgLj;jpdH. vz;nza;> thridg; nghUl;fs; gad;gLj;jpAk;> $e;jiy Ik;ghyhfg; gphpj;J kyHfisr; #bAk;>
$e;jypy; mzpfs; mzpe;Jk; xg;gid nra;Js;sdh;.
rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; $e;jiy Ie;J tifahfg; gphpj;J xg;gid nra;Js;sdH. mitahtd> 1. Foy;>
2. nfhz;il, 3. RUs;, 4. gdpr;ir> 5.Kb.
Ik;ghy; vd;gJ ,skfsphpd; $e;jy; xg;gidfspy; xd;whFk;. Ik;ghy; $e;jy; cilatH vd;W jiytp>
tpwtpaH> mhpit> kle;ij> guj;ij MfpNahH kl;Lk; kpifahd ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sdH.
jiytd; jiytpAk; jk;Kila mwpahj gUtj;jpy; njUtpy; tpisahLk; NghJ jiytpapd;
Itifahd $e;jiy jiytd; gpbj;J ,Of;Fk; nghOJ jiytp jiytdpd; jiykaphpidg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L
XLfpd;whs; vd;gij,
“,td; ,ts; Ik;ghy; gw;wTk; ,ts; ,td;;
Gd;jiy Xhp thq;Fes; ghpaTk;” (FWe;njhif> ghly; 229)
Aayvagam an International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research | Volume 5 | Issue 6 | June 17 6
vd;W FWe;njhif Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. jiytd; guj;ijapd; $e;jiyg; gw;wp tisaiy ftHe;J
nfhz;lik> mjid jiytpaplk; guj;ij $wpaJ vd;W ew;wpizg; ghlypy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
“Njk; fko; Ik;ghy; gw;wp vd; tapd;
thd; Nfhy; vy; tis ntstpa G+ry;
rpdwpa Kfj;J rpdthJ nrd;W epd;
kidNahl;F ciug;gy;” (ew;wpiz> ghly; 100)

ngz;fs; jq;fspd; $e;jiy Ie;J tifahfg; gphpj;J xg;gid nra;jpUe;jjhy;; Mz;fs; jq;fsJ
kfpo;r;rpiaAk;> Nfhgj;ijAk; ntspg;gLj;j mf;$e;jiy gw;wpapOj;jJ Gydhfpd;wJ.

kyh; xg;gid

kyHfs; jkpoHfspd; kq;fs milahsk;. jkpoH tho;tpy; kyHfs; ,uz;lwf; fye;j xd;W MFk;.
,aw;ifNahL ,ize;J tho;e;j gz;ilj; jkpoHfs; jq;fspd; xg;gidfSf;F kpFjpahf kyHfisNa ek;gp
,Ue;jdH vd;gJ ,yf;fpaq;fs; mspf;Fk; rhd;WfshFk;.FwpQ;rpg; ghl;by; njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ tif kyHfs;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j 99 kyHfisAk; xg;gidf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shHfs;.

jiytd; jiytpapd; eWkzk; nfhz;l kyHfis tz;Lfs; ghHj;jpUf;fhJ vd;W ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpwhd;.
NkYk;> fhe;js; kyHfisAk;> Ky;iyg; G+f;fisAk;> kzk; fkOk; ,jo;fSila FtiskyHfNshL fye;J
njhLf;fg; ngw;w khiy Nghy nkd;ik jd;ikAila jiytp jspHfisf; fhl;bYk; nkd;ik jd;ik
cilats; vd;W rpwg;gpf;fpd;whd;.

“Nfhly; vjpHKifg; gRtP Ky;iy>


ehW ,jo;f; FtisnahL ,ilapLG tpiu,>
IJ njhil khz;l Nfhij Nghy>
ewpa ey;Nyhs; Nkzp
KwpapDk; tha;tJ” (FWe;njhif> ghly; 62)

MaHFy kfspH nfhd;iw fhah> ntl;rp gpltk;> Ky;iy> fQ;rq;Fy;iy> FUe;jk;> Nfhly; Kjypa kyHfshy;
njhLf;fg;gl;l jiyf;fz;zpfis #bf;nfhz;L xsptPRk; kfuf; Fiofs; fhjpy; mire;jhl xg;gid nra;J
nfhz;L VW jOTjiy fhz nrd;whHfs; vd;W Ky;iyf;fyp gjpT nra;Js;s J.

“nky;ypzHf; nfhd;iwAk;> nkd;kyHf; fhahTk;


Gy;ypiy ntl;rpAk; gplTk; jsTk;
Fy;iyAk; FUe;Jk; NfhlYk;
………………………………………..
RlUk; fdq;Fiof; fhjpdH” (fypj;njhif> ghly; 103)

kyHfisr; #b ngz;fs; jq;fis xg;gid nra;J nfhz;ldh; vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ. gz;il kfsph;
$e;jiyg; guhkhpj;Jg; NgZtjpYk>; $e;jiy moFgLj;jp gy tif kyh;fisr; #bf; nfhs;tjpYk; jpwk;
gilj;jth;fshf tpsq;fpAs;sdhh;.fz;fSf;F ik jPl;LtjpYk>; Kfj;jpw;Fr; re;jdk; Nghd;w thrid
nghUl;fis G+RtjpYk;> if efk; fhy; tpuy;fSf;Fr; nrk;gQ;rhy; epw%l;LtjpYk;> njha;apy; vOJtjpYk;>
ePuhlYf;F kzg; nghUl;fis kw;Wk; epw%l;Lk; thridr; rhaq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtjpYk; rpwe;J
tpsq;fpAs;sdh;. rq;f fhy kfspH xg;gidapy; NjHe;j gapw;rp ngw;Ws;sdH vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ.

Fwpg;Gfs;
1. F.ghHtjp> jkpoH gz;ghl;Lr; nrhw;Nfhit xg;gidapy;> g.4
2. tho;tpaw; fsQ;rpak;> njhFjp 4> g.355

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