EEC 3111 - D IGITAL E LECTRONICS IN

C OMMUNICATION S YSTEMS

Dr. Hussein Seleem, PhD

Electronics Engineering and Electrical Communications Department
Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

Lecture 5: MSI Logic Circuits

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H)

O UTLINE

1 D ECODERS

2 E NCODERS

3 M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

4 D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 1 / 26

 D ECODERS

D ECODERS

It is a logic circuit that accepts a set of inputs that represents a binary number
and activates only the output that corresponds to that input.
There are N inputs and M outputs. Inputs can be 0 or 1, So, there are 2N
possible input combinations or codes. For each of these input combinations,
only one of the M outputs will be active (HIGH); all the other outputs are LOW.
Many decoders are designed to produce active-LOW outputs, where only the
selected output is LOW while all others are HIGH. This is indicated by presence
of small circles (bubbles) on the output lines.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 2 / 26

 D ECODERS

D ECODERS

Example: binary-to-octal decoder/converter (or 3-line-to-8-line decoder) or (1-of-8

decoder) (where N = 3 inputs, M = 23 = 8 outputs).

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 3 / 26

 D ECODERS

T HE 74ALS138 DECODER
Some decoders have one or more enable inputs used to control the operation of the
decoder. Decoder is enabled only if ENABLE is HIGH. With common ENABLE line
connected to a fourth input of each gate.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 4 / 26

 D ECODERS

T HE 7442 BCD- TO - DECIMAL DECODER / DRIVER

Some decoders do not utilize all of 2N possible codes but only certain combinations.

Example: BCD-to-decimal decoder (N = 4, M = 10), (i.e. ten BCD code groups

0000 through 1001). Known as: 4-to-10 decoder or a 1-of-10 decoder

For input combinations that are

invalid for BCD, none of the outputs
will be activated.
Term driver is added to its description
because this 7442 IC has open
collector outputs that can operate at
higher current & voltage limits than a
normal TTL. Its outputs can sink up
to 80 mA in LOW state, and they can
be pulled up to 30 V in HIGH state.
Suitable for directly driving loads as
LEDs, lamps, relays, or DC motors.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 5 / 26

 D ECODERS

E XAMPLE

Figure below shows how four 74ALS138s and an INVERTER can be arranged to
function as a 1-of-32 decoder. The decoders are labeled Z1 to Z4 , and eight outputs
from each one are combined into 32 outputs. A five-bit input code A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 will
activate only one of these 32 outputs for each of the 32 possible input codes.
Which output will be activated for A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 = 01101?
What range of input codes will activate the Z4 chip?

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 6 / 26

 D ECODERS

S OLUTION

1 A4 and A3 determine which decoder chips will be enabled, while A2 A1 A0

determine which output of the enabled chip will be activated.
2 If A4 A3 = 01, Z2 responds to A2 A1 A0 = 101 code and activates its O5 (O13 ).
Thus, 01101 will enable output O13 to go LOW, while all others stay HIGH.
3 To enable Z4, then A4 A3 = 11. Thus, all input codes ranging from 11000 to
11111 will activate Z4. This corresponds to outputs O24 to O31 .

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 7 / 26

 D ECODERS

BCD- TO -7-S EGMENT D ECODER

1 One of the simplest and most popular methods for displaying numerical digits.
2 It uses a 7-segment configuration to form the decimal characters 0 through 9
and sometimes the hex characters A through F. It uses LED for each segment.
3 By controlling current through each LED, some segments will be turned ON and
emit light while others will be OFF so desired character pattern will be generated.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 8 / 26

 D ECODERS

BCD- TO -7-S EGMENT D ECODER / DRIVER

1 7-segment decoder take a four-bit BCD input and provide outputs that will pass
current through appropriate segments to display the decimal digit.
2 Logic circuit for this decoder is more complicated previous decoders.
3 LEDs are solid-state devices. It allow current to flow one direction and block it
other direction. Whenever anode of an LED is more positive than cathode by
approximately 2 V, the LED will light up. Anodes of LEDs are all tied to
VCC = 1.5V (Common anode)
4 The cathodes of the LEDs are connected through current-limiting resistors to the
appropriate outputs of the decoder (Active low).
5 The 7446/7447 decoder are designed to activate specific segments even for
non-BCD input codes (greater than 1001).
6 As each segment requires 10:20 mA of current to light it, TTL & CMOS devices
are normally not used to drive common-cathode directly.
7 TTL & CMOS are not able to source large amounts of current. A transistor
interface circuit is used between decoder chips and common-cathode display.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 9 / 26

 D ECODERS

BCD- TO -7-S EGMENT D ECODER / DRIVER

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 10 / 26

 D ECODERS

L IQUID - CRY S TAL DISPLAYS (LCD)

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 11 / 26

 E NCODERS

E NCODERS

1 It has M input and only one of them is activated at a given time, and produces an
N bit output code, depending on which input is activated.
2 Example: Octal-to-binary encoder (8-line-to-3-line encoder)- accepts eight input
lines and produces a three-bit output code corresponding to the activated input.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 12 / 26

 E NCODERS

E NCODERS

Logic circuit for an octal-to-binary encoder. For proper operation, only one
input should be active at one time.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 13 / 26

 E NCODERS

T HE 74147 D ECIMAL - TO -BCD P RIORITY ENCODER

P RIORITY ENCODERS
When more than one input is activated at one time. A modified version of this circuit,
called a priority encoder, includes the necessary logic to ensure that when two or
more inputs are activated, the output code will correspond to the highest-numbered
input. Example: 74148 is octal-to-binary priority encoders.

74147 D ECIMAL - TO -BCD P RIORITY ENCODER

It has N = 9 active-LOW inputs representing the decimal digits 1 through 9 &
produces inverted BCD code corresponding to highest numbered activated input.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 14 / 26

 E NCODERS

E XAMPLE : S WITCH ENCODER

1 74147 can be used as a switch encoder.

2 A 10 switches might be keyboard or calculator
switches representing 0 through 9.
3 Switches are normally open, encoder inputs
are all normally HIGH & BCD output is 0000.
4 When a key is depressed, circuit will produce
BCD code for that digit.
5 As 74LS147 is a priority encoder,
simultaneous key depressions will produce
BCD code for the higher-numbered key.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 15 / 26

 M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

M ULTIPLEXER (MUX)
1 Home stereo system may have a switch that
selects music from 1 of 4 sources:
- MP3 player,
- television tuner,
- radio tuner,
- audio from a DVD.
2 Then sends it to the power amplifier and
speakers.
3 Digital MUX: is a logic circuit that accepts
several digital inputs and selects one of them
at any given time and pass it to the output.
4 Like a digitally controlled multi-position switch
where digital code applied to SELECT inputs
(known as ADDRESS) controls which data
inputs will be switched to output.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 16 / 26

 M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

BASIC T WO - INPUT M ULTIPLEXER
Application: In a digital system that uses two different MASTER CLOCK signals: a
high-speed clock (say, 10 MHz) in one mode and a slow-speed clock (say, 4.77 MHz)
for the other.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 17 / 26

 M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

F OUR - INPUT M ULTIPLEXER
We have two implementations
(1) using sum-of-products logic
(2) using tristate buffers
In tristate buffers, it ensures that only one buffer can be enabled at any time.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 18 / 26

 M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

T HE 74ALS151 (74HC151) EIGHT- INPUT M ULTIPLEXER
It has an enable input E and provides both the normal and the inverted outputs.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 19 / 26

 M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

T HE Q UAD T WO - INPUT M U X (74ALS157/HC157)
It contains four two-input MUXs. a, b, c, & d represent four bits of a binary number. I1
and I0 represent two input numbers and Z represents four-bit output number.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 20 / 26

 M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS )

M ULTIPLEXERS (DATA S ELECTORS ) A PPLICATIONS :

L OGIC F UNCTION GENERATION
MUX is used to implement logic functions directly from a truth table without the need
for simplification. Select inputs are used as the logic variables, and each data input is
connected permanently HIGH or LOW as necessary to satisfy the truth table.

The logic function can be very easily changed by simply changing the 1s and
0s on the MUX inputs. as a programmable logic device (PLD).

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 21 / 26

 D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

It takes one input data source and selectively distributes it to 1 of N output channels
just like a multi-position switch.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 22 / 26

 D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

1-L INE - TO -8-L INE D EMULTIPLEXER
It was pointed out earlier that many IC decoders have an ENABLE input, which is an
extra input added to the decoder gates. This type of decoder chip can therefore be
used as a demultiplexer, with the binary code inputs (e.g., A, B, C in Figure 9-2)
serving as the SELECT inputs and the ENABLE input serving as the data input I.

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 23 / 26

 D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

(a) The 74ALS138 decoder can function as a demultiplexer with E1 used as

the data input; (b) typical waveforms for a select code of A2 A1 A0 = 000 show
that O0 is identical to the data input I on E1 .

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 24 / 26

 D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

S ECURITY M ONITORING S YSTEM

The open/closed status of many access doors is to be monitored. Each door controls
the state of a switch, and it is necessary to display the state of each switch on LEDs
that are mounted on a remote monitoring panel at the security guard’s station. One
way to do this would be to run a separate signal from each door switch to an LED on
the monitoring panel. This setup would require running many wires over a long
distance. A better approach that would reduce the amount of wiring to the monitoring
panel uses a multiplexer/demultiplexer combination.
a system that can handle eight doors, but the basic idea can be expanded to any
number.
Note that there are only four signal lines going from the "door-sensing" circuitry to the
remote monitoring panel: the Z output and the three select lines. This is a saving of
four lines when compared with the alternative of having one line per door. The
MUX/DEMUX combination is used to transmit the status of each door to its LED one
at a time (serially) instead of all at once (parallel).

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 25 / 26

 D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

D EMULTIPLEXERS (DATA D ISTRIBUTORS )

D R . H USSEIN S ELEEM D IGITAL E LECTRONICS - W5 15/11/2020G (29/3/1442H) 26 / 26