Aerospace NDT Boards’ Forum

Secretariat provided by the European Federation for NDT

Tel: +44 1604 893849 Fax: +44 1604 983868

Secretary’s e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

Document: ANDTBF/06

Issue 02

Date: 31 July 2015

Revision Status

Page/
Issue/Rev.No. Release Date Description
Pages
Issue 01 29 June 2013 All First Issue of the ANDTBF Task
Group
Issue 02 31 July 2015 11-14 Syllabus for Digital Radiography
added

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 1 of 34
 General Note

The intention of the this document is to support training centers to set-up or adapt their
training syllabuses for NDT technicians in accordance with EN 4179.

The table "General Part" contains a summary of possible general and physical topic items for
each NDT method.

All table "Specific part" contain a list of possible specific inspection items, which are currently
applicable in Aviation industry.

Missing items or new inspection methods can be added to this document as necessary.

Table of Contents

1. RT General .............................................................................................................. 3
2. RT Specific ............................................................................................................. 9
3. Digital Radiograpy ............................................................................................... 11
4. UT General ............................................................................................................ 15
5. UT Specific ........................................................................................................... 19
6. ET General ............................................................................................................ 21
7. ET Specific............................................................................................................ 25
8. MT General .......................................................................................................... 27
9. MT Specific ........................................................................................................... 30
10. PT General ............................................................................................................ 31
11. PT Specific............................................................................................................ 34

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 2 of 34
 1. RT – General

RT-General
History
Philosophy
Capabilities
Process of Radiography
Introduction
Types of electromagnetic radiation sources
Electromagnetic spectrum
Penetration ability or quality of X-rays and gamma rays
X-ray tube
Electromagnetic spectrum
Significance of wavelength
Theory, Physics
Characteristics and key properties
Principles of Interaction: absorption and scatter
Radiography
Nature and properties of X-rays
Interaction X-rays/materials
X-rays absorption, attenuation coefficient
Radiography principle
Theory, Physics
Generation principles, spectrum of radiation
X-rays
X-ray tubes up-to 420kV
generation
X-ray accelerator
Rectilinear propagation
Affecting factors
Image
Inverse square law consideration
formation
Types and choice of film
Types and uses of screens
Radiation quality
Effect of changing kV
Significance and effect of type of ray source
Effect of time
Radiographic
Milliamperage and FFD on exposure
film
Exposure charts
Identification, marking out and sitting up
Intensifying screens role and use
Filters
Geometric unsharpness

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 3 of 34
 Exposure General Contrast: object, image, average gradient
Techniques principles Radiation energy
Scattered radiation, limitations
Source-to-film distance
Focal-spot size
Determination of focal spot size
Exposure parameters determination
Exposure
RT-techniques, with constant exposure
Defects position, triangulation
Enlargement and projection

RT-General

Single-wall
Specimen configuration
radiography
Double-wall exposure, single-wall viewing
Offset double-wall exposure, single-wall viewing
Double-wall
Elliptical projections
radiography
Panoramic radiography
Specimen configuration
Exposure Use of Multiple-film loading
Techniques
Multiple-film Thickness-variation parameters
techniques Film speed
Film latitude
Types of penetrameters or IQI's
Penetrameters Use rules
or Image Quality
Indicators (IQI's) Standards
Calculation of IQI sensitivity
Shadow formation and distortion
Geometric Shadow enlargement calculation
exposure
principles Shadow sharpness
Basic Geometric unsharpness
principles Lead intensifying screens
Radiographic Fluorescent intensifying screens
screens Intensifying factors
Importance of screen-to film contact
Film packing
Radiographs General
Film material and classification systems

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 4 of 34
 Formation of the latent image on film
Inherent unsharpness
Milliamperage-Distance-time relationship
Arithmetic of Reciprocity law
radiographic
exposure Photographic density
Inverse-square-law considerations
Radiographic
sensitivity
Radiographic
contrast
Film contrast
Radiographic Subject contrast
Image Quality Film graininess
and screen
mottle effects
Penetrameters
or image-quality
indicators

RT-General

Photographic
emulsion
chemistry
Facilities and
Automatic film processor versus manual processing
equipment
Developer and replenishment
Stop bath
Fixer and replenishment
Processing of
Washing
film - manual
Darkroom Prevention of water spots
Facilities,
Drying
Film
Processing Temperature control
Retention-life measurements
Film filing and
Long-term storage
storage
Filing and separation techniques
High film density
Unsatisfactory Insufficient film density
radiographs -
High contrast
causes and
cures Low contrast
Poor definition

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 5 of 34
 Fog
Light leaks
Handling faults, Artifacts
Step-wedge comparison film
Film density
Densitometers
Metallurgy
knowledge and
manufacturing
techniques
cavities, gas holes, shrinkage,
Defects met:
Forgings, foreign material
Castings Castings NDT inspection
NDT technique instructions
Application of
Shooting, use of the IQI and interpretation
standards
/ evaluation
Disposition and NDT report
Welding
Processes
cracks, lack of penetration or brazing,
Defects met:
inclusions
Assemblies,
Weldings, Application of
Brazing, standards
Riveting Examination of circumferential in pipes welding
/ butt welds
Welding NDT
inspection NDT technique instructions
Disposition and NDT report

RT-General
Concepts of
development
Defects met: cavities
Application of
Composite standards
materials Tangential shooting
NDT technique instructions
Composite NDT
Shooting, use of the IQI and interpretation
inspection
/ evaluation
Disposition and NDT report

Indications, Adventitious images

Indications
Discontinuities Causes and effects
and Defects
Discontinuities Inherent

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 6 of 34
 Processing
Service
Defects

Casting
processes and Ingots, blooms and billets
associated Sand casting
discontinuities Centrifugal casting
Investment Casting
Manufacturing Wrought Forgings
Processes and processes and Rolled products
Associated associated
Discontinuities discontinuities Extruded products
Submerged arc welding
Welding Shielded metal arc welding
processes and
Gas metal arc welding
associated
discontinuities Flux corded arc welding
Gas tungsten arc welding

RT-General

Radiographic
standards
Film-illuminator requirements
Background lighting
Multiple-composite viewing
Penetrameter placement
Personnel dark adaptation and visual acuity
Radiographic
Film identification
Viewing
Location markers
Film-density measurement
Evaluation Film artifacts
Viewing conditions
Illuminator requirements
Casting-method review
Casting discontinuities
Origin and typical orientation of discontinuities
Evaluation of
Radiographic appearance
casting images
Castings codes/standards - applicable acceptance
criteria
Reference radiographs
Welding-method review

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 7 of 34
 Evaluation of Welding discontinuities
welding images Origin and typical orientation of discontinuities
Radiographic appearance
Welding codes/standards - applicable acceptance
criteria
Reference radiographs or pictograms
Controlling personnel exposure

Radiation Safety Time, distance, shielding concepts

Safety
Principles ALARA concepts
Radiation-device operation characteristics
Standards, Acceptable radiographic techniques and setups
codes and
Applicable employer procedures
Procedures for
Radiography Procedure for radiograph parameter verification
Radiographic reports
Safe live
Construction
Fail Safe
concept
Quality Damage Tolerance
assessment Comparison to Limits of RT inspections
other NDT Detectable flaw size
methods
Other NDT Procedures
Issue of inspection procedures
Documentation
Inspection reports
Personnel
requirements

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 8 of 34
 2. RT Specific

RT-Specific
Water ingress in honeycomb structures
Blow holes
Imperfections in composites Porosity
Inclusions
Fittings and lugs
Fastenerholes
Airframe Riveted structures
Bolts
Crack and corrosion, porosity detection in Tubes
Multilayered structure
Welded structure
Wrought materials
Forged materials
Blades
Stators
Welded parts
Crack detection in
Wrought materials
Engine Forged materials
Cast materials
Foreign objects
General overview Blocked gas passes
Misalignments of parts
Water ingress in honeycomb structures
Blow holes
Porosity
Composites Inclusions
Imperfections in composites
Layer orientation
Distribution of glass fibers

Tubes
Crack detection in Welded parts
Components Bolts
Water ingress in honeycomb structures
Imperfections in components Blow holes

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 9 of 34
 Porosity
Inclusions
Foreign objects
Blocked gas passes
Misalignments of parts

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 10 of 34
 3. Digital Radiography

Digital Radiography
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Contrast-to-noise ratio
Radiation contrast, noise Basic spatial resolution
Pixel Size
Normalised SNR (SNRN)
Contrast vs.
SNR
Basic spatial
Optimization of image resolution s.
Compensation principles
quality SNR
Local
unsharpness
vs. SNR
Effect of magnification
Geometrical projection Optimum magnification
conditions Difference between radiography and
radioscopy

Measurement of basic spatial resolution

Image quality indicators Converging line pairs
Line pair gauges (MTF)
Introduction
Phosphor imaging plates
Design
Imaging plate and CR-scanner
CR system and classification
Computer-Radiography
(CR), Quality assurance (phantom)

Imagine plates Exposure conditions

Working with exposure charts
Handling
System selection
Introduction
Digital Detector Arrays (DDA)
Design
Indirect converting
Direct converting
DDA’s
Indirect converting
Direct converting
CCED, amporph. SI, CMOS

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 11 of 34
 Detector calibration
Quality assurance
Exposure conditions
Handling
System selection
Introduction
Line Detector Arrays (LDA)
Design
Application areas
Comparison to DDA’s
LDA’s
Quality Assurance (phantom)
Exposure conditions and Diagrams
Handling
System Selection

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 12 of 34
 Digital Radiography
Introduction
Design
Application areas
Quality assurance (phantom)
Intensifiers, fluoroscope
Exposure conditions and diagrams
Handling
System selection
Comparison to DDA’s
A/D interface
Processor
Computer Structure Memory
Bus
Disk
Load and safe of digital images Image Formats
Date acquisition, detector
calibration On chip
integration/ frame
Image integration
time
In memory
integration/frame
number
Optimum gain and latitude settings Accumulation vs.
integration
Image structure, quantization (bit and
Bytes)
Picture element
Basic operations (pixel)
Gray value
Contrast
Brightness
Gamma
Point operations
correction
Histogram
Look up table
(LUT)
Matrix operations, filters Smoothing,
Digital Image Processing improvement of
SNR
High pass,
gradient

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 13 of 34
 Edge
enhancement,
line extraction
Median
Calibration
Line profile
Measurement of
Measurement tools
flaw length
Measurement of
areas
Measurement of
depth
Correction of raw data Linearization,
LUT
Bad pixel
interpolation
Automated image Principles
interpretation
Binarization

Measurement of dimensions

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 14 of 34
 4. UT General

UT-General
Mathematic basics
Frequency, velocity, and
wavelength
Basic Principles Long-waves
of Acoustics
Shear-waves
Different acoustic waves
Surface- waves
Plate-waves
Piezoelectricity and types of
crystals
Frequency-crystal thickness
Generation
relationships
Conversion efficiencies of
various crystals
Construction of ultrasonic
Generation of
Characteristics of search units search units
UTwaves
Damping and resolution
Sound beam characteristics
Sound beam
Beam intensity characteristics
Broad band / Small band signal
Ultrasonic Equipment Impulse form and repetitions
frequency
Acoustic impedance
Reflection/ Transmission
Phase inversion
Angle beam
Propagation of Refraction
UTwaves Wave transformation
Critical angle
Wave propagation in material and
gas
Wave propagation in liquids
UT methods Contact testing

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 15 of 34
 UT-General
Mathematic basics
Frequency, velocity, and
wavelength
Basic Principles Long-waves
of Acoustics
Shear-waves
Different acoustic waves
Surface- waves
Plate-waves
Piezoelectricity and types of
crystals
Frequency-crystal thickness
Generation
relationships
Conversion efficiencies of
various crystals
Construction of ultrasonic
Generation of
Characteristics of search units search units
UTwaves
Damping and resolution
Sound beam characteristics
Sound beam
Beam intensity characteristics
Broad band / Small band signal
Ultrasonic Equipment Impulse form and repetitions
frequency
Acoustic impedance
Reflection/ Transmission
Phase inversion
Angle beam
Propagation of Refraction
UTwaves Wave transformation
Critical angle
Wave propagation in material and
gas
Wave propagation in liquids
Contact testing
Immersion testing
Through transmission
UT methods
Pulse-Echo
Dual transducer
Angle beam

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 16 of 34
 Phased arrays

UT-General

Analog
Digital
Equipment
Phased array (PAUT)
Thickness gages
Straight beam transducers
Dual transducers
Transducer Angle beam transducer
UT Systems Phased array transducers
Focused transducers
Wedges
Couplants
Standardized reference
Reference standards standards
Specific reference standards
Cables
A-scan
B-scan
Displays C-scan
D-scan
Sector-scan
Surface roughness
Concave/Convex surfaces
Object geometry
Influence of surface/geometry
Wave transformation
Triangle reflection
Influence of part Angle reflection
Sound absorption
Acoustic noise
Influence of material properties Diffusion
Signal to noise ratio (SNR)
Improvement of SNR

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 17 of 34
 Flat bottom holes
Cross holes
Groove
Artificial defects Ball reflector
Variation of sound distance
Variation of artificial defect
Calibration Different defects
Calibration standards
Sensitivity
Depth compensation
Calibration and functional tests
Functional tests
Analysis of probe data
Redundancy checks

UT-General
Display indications (True/false)
Defects dependency
Location of defects
Depth of defects
Evaluation Evaluation of indication Half-value methods
Loss of back wall signal
Composition with artificial
defects
Evaluation with tables
Safe live
Construction concept Fail Safe
Damage Tolerance
Limits of UT inspections
Comparison to other NDT
Detectable flaw size
methods
Quality assessment Other NDT Procedures
National and international
Procedures and Standards
standards
Issue of inspection procedures
Documentation
Inspection reports
Personnel requirements

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 18 of 34
 5. UT Specific

UT-Specific
Corrosion measurement

Wall thickness measurement

Thickness measurement
On metallic structure
On composite structure
CFRP
Delamination GFRP
Glare
Water ingress in honeycomb
structures
Honeycomb structure
Debonding Glare
Metallic structure
Airframe Blow holes
Imperfections in composites Porosity
Inclusions
Fittings and lugs
Fastenerholes
Riveted structures
Bolts
Crack and discontinuous Tubes
detection in Multilayered structure
Welded structure
Wrought materials
Forged materials
Other applications (glass, plastics)
Blades
High energy rotating hardware
(disc, shafts, blade slots)
Stators
Crack detection in
Engine Welded parts
Wrought materials
Forged materials
Cast materials
Thickness measurements

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 19 of 34
 Delamination Composite blades

UT-Specific
CFRP
Delamination GFRP
Glare
Water ingress in honeycomb
structures
Composite Honeycomb structure
Debonding
Clare
Blow holes
Imperfections in composites Porosity
Inclusions
Wheels
Tubes
Crack detection in Welded parts
Bolts
Gears
CFRP
Delamination GFRP
Components Glare
Water ingress in honeycomb
structures
Honeycomb structure
Debonding
Glare
Blow holes
Imperfections in composites Porosity
Inclusions

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 20 of 34
 6. ET General

ET-General
Direct current: current,
voltage

Resistance
Conductance
Ohm's law
Resistivity
Conductivity
Electricity Conductivity values for some
metals
Alternating current:
sinusoidal current and voltage
Amplitude
Frequency
Period
Phase
Vector representation

Physic and Other periodic currents

fundamentals Magnetic field
of Eddy current
Lines of force
Magnetic field strength
Permeability
Flux density (Induction)
Magnetism Flux, Hysteresis loop
Reluctance
Magneto-motive force
Diamagnetism
Paramagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Magnetic field created by a
current (wire, coil)
Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetism phenomenon
Inductance
Mutual induction

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 21 of 34
 Electromagnetic coupling
Induced currents and
secondary field
Lenz´s law
Eddy current distribution in
conducting materials
Planar wave: standard depth
of penetration
Amplitude, phase
Cylindrical conductors:
characteristic frequency
Skin effect
Penetration depth
Impedance
Complex plane
representation
Influence of conductivity
Physic and Influence of frequency
fundamentals Influence of permeability
of Eddy current
(continue) Impedance plane diagrams Influence of probe clearance
Influence of thickness
Influence of a non-conductive
coating
on conductive material
Influence of a through defect
Influence of internal defects
Design of probes (Mechanical
and electrical)
Operation of probes
(Absolute, differential)
EC Probes
Use of probes (Pencil,
borehole, sliding, ..)
Connections of probes with
EC unit
Eddy current
equipment Display modes: Needle,
digital
Display
Instrument modules
EC Instruments
Operating principle
Signal excitation, reception,
processing
Compensation

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 22 of 34
 Wheatstone bridge
Filtering: LP, HP, BP
Single frequency
Multifrequency
Design
Production
Reference Standards
Storage
Difference to real defects

ET-General

Conductivity
Material sorting
Overheat damage
Material identification
Thickness of a non-conductive
coating
on conductive material
Influence of temperature
Eddy current Influence of inspection speed
EC Testing
applications
Manual Inspections
Automated Inspections
External influence during EC
testing
Crack inspection
Corrosion inspection
Sliding probes
Array applications
Safe live
Construction concept Fail Safe
Damage Tolerance
Limits of ET inspections
Quality assessment Comparison to other NDT
Detectable flaw size
methods
Other NDT Procedures
National and international
Procedures and Standards
standards
Documentation Issue of inspection procedures

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 23 of 34
 Inspection reports
Personnel requirements

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 24 of 34
 7. ET Specific

ET-Specific
Paint thickness
On metallic structure
measurement
Surface (HFEC)
Subsurface (LFEC)
Array applications
Cracks
Cracks in multilayered structure
Cracks in riveted structure
Bolt hole
Conductivity
Material sorting
Material Characteristics
Overheat damage
Material identification

Airframe Single layer

Multilayered structure
Corrosion detection
Bolt holes
Array applications
Fittings and lugs
Fastenerholes
Riveted structures
Bolts
Crack and discontinuous
Tubes
detection in
Multilayered structure
Welded structure
Wrought materials
Forged materials
Blades
High energy rotating hardware (disc,
shafts, blade slots)
Stators

Engine Crack detection in Welded parts

Wrought materials
Forged materials
Cast materials
Automated Systems
Components Crack detection in Wheels

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 25 of 34
 Tubes
Welded parts
Bolts
Gears
Automated Systems
Heat treatment
Conductivity
Overheat damage

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 26 of 34
 8. MT General

MT-General
Voltage
Current
Frequency
Electrical parameters Electrical resistance
Phase
Electrical power
Effect of electrical current
Ferromagnetism
Magnetic fields
Magnetic field strength
Permeability
Magnetical parameters
Magnetic flux
Magnetic flux density
Hysteresis curve
Required field strength
Physical principles of
Magnetic Particle Transformer
Inspection Electromagnetic induction
Skin effect
Magnetic fields on electrical Field strength
conductors Flux density in and around electrical
conductors
Ferromagnetic materials in
magnetic fields
Evidence of adequate field
strength Hall-effect gaussmeter

Combination of two constant magnetic

fields
Combination of constant and
alternating magnetic fields
Combined Procedures
Combination of two alternating
magnetic fields
Phase shifted alternating magnetic
fields
Demagnetisation
Yoke magnetisation
Principles of magnetisation
Magnetisation Coil magnetisation
technique
Circular magnetisation with prods

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 27 of 34
 Circular magnetisation with direct
contact
Circular magnetisation with induced
current
Longitudinal magnetisation
Combined techniques

MT-General

Portable Equipment
Equipment Stationary equipment
Demagnetisation coils
Fluorescent and coloured test products
Test products
Preparation of testing suspension
Test block for systems performance
Test blocks and tools
Testing equipment Test block for equipment performance
and utilities Field strength measuring instrument
Tangential field strength
Berthold test block
measurement
Test block for magnetisation control
UV-A- lamp
Examination conditions
Radiation facilities
Measuring tools for lumination and
radiation
Lumination and radiation UV-A-Radiation measurement
Procedure monitoring measurement White light measurement
Acuity performance
Ability to discriminate colour
Characteristics of the
Viewing Contrast sensitivity
human eye
Brightness adaptation
Astigmatism
Evaluation
Assessment
Inspection protocol
Evaluation and
Structure of inspection
reporting of testing
procedure
instructions
Case studies
Standards
Inspection instructions

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 28 of 34
 Company internal
regulations
Inclusion
Defects during
Porosity
manufacturing process
Cracks
Roll and forging flaws
Material science Defects during machining
Turning and grinding flaws
process
Flaws through hardening process
Cracks
Flaws through operation
Corrosion
Electrical hazards
Safety Product related risks
UV-related risks

MT-General
Safe live
Construction concept Fail Safe
Damage Tolerance
Limits of MT inspections
Comparison to other NDT
Quality assessment Detectable flaw size
methods
Other NDT Procedures
National and international standards
Documentation
Issue of inspection procedures
Personnel requirements

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 29 of 34
 9. MT Specific

MT-Specific
Fittings and lugs
Bolts
Airframe Crack detection in Landing gear
Rods
Links
Pins
Gears
Mounts
Engine Crack detection in
Bolts
Shafts
Cases
Tubes

Components & Welded parts

Crack detection in
Reworked parts Bolts
Cases

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 30 of 34
 10. PT General

PT-General
Surface tension
Physical principles Wetting
Capillarity
Principles Penetrants
Remover
Penetrant systems
Developer
Classification of penetrants
Precleaning Procedure Types of precleaning
Impact of the mechanical
precleaning
Impact on the figures after
Mechanical precleaning grinding

Cleaning Impact on the figures after

shotpeening
Acid cleaning
Watery degreasing
Chemical precleaning Electrolytical cleaning
Paint stripping agent
Temperature requirements as
per standards
Penetrant application
Penetration procedure
Wetting
Dwell time
Dipping time, drain time
Water
Lipophil emulsifier
Penetrant removal
Process of testing Solvent
Hydrophil emulsifier
Drying process after
precleaning
Drying
Drying process after penetrant
removal
Dry developer
Developing Water soluble developer
Water suspended developer

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 31 of 34
 Solvent based developer
Special developer
UV-A lamp
Examination conditions
Radiation facilities
Measuring tools for lumination
and radiation

PT-General

Acuity performance
Ability to discriminate colour
Viewing Characteristic of human eye Contrast sensitivity
Brightness adaptation
Astigmatism
Low
Selection of
Classification of penetrant Medium
penetrant
High
Sample test
Penetrant Testing as per EN ISO
Batch testing
3452-2
Monitoring by the user
Density
Wetting / marginal angles
Control of penetrant
Viscosity
characteristics
Flashpoint
Characteristics to be tested
Vapour pressure
UV-Resistance
Corrosive components
Characteristics of developer
Reference test block
Control of penetrant EN ISO 3452-3
System performance check
process
Storage of reference test block
Related and non-related
indication
Evaluation and Inspection of non metallic
Detectable defects on different
reporting of testing material
materials
instructions
Inspection of ceramic materials
Inspection of composite
Safety Product related risks

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 32 of 34
 UV-related risks
Environmental Waste Water
Management
National and international
Procedures and Standards
standards
Safe live
Construction concept Fail Safe
Damage Tolerance
Limits of PT inspections
Quality assessment
Comparison to other NDT
Detectable flaw size
methods
Other NDT Procedures
Issue of inspection procedures
Documentation
Inspection reports
Personnel requirements

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 33 of 34
 11. PT Specific

PT-Specific
Fittings and lugs
Bolts
Landing gear
Airframe Crack and corrosion detection in Rods
Links
Structure
Skin
Pins
Gears
Mounts
Bolts
Shafts
Engine Crack detection in
Cases
Blades
Discs
Slots
Bores
Wheels
Pins
Gears
Mounts
Bolts
Components & Shafts
Crack detection in
Reworked parts
Cases
Blades
Discs
Slots
Bores

ANDTBF/06 Issue 02
Page 34 of 34