CIRCUIT 2: ADMITTANCE

I. APPLYING COMPLEX NUMBERS TO PARALLEL AC CIRCUITS

ADMITTANCE
Admittance is defined as the current I flowing in an AC
circuit divided by the supply voltage V (i.e., it is the
reciprocal of impedance Z ). The symbol for admittance is
Y. . Thus,

1 1
𝑌= =
𝑉 𝑍

The unit of admittance is the siemen, S.

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ADMITTANCE, CONDUCTANCE AND SUSCEPTANCE
An impedance may be resolved into a real part R and an
imaginary part X , giving

𝑍 = 𝑅 ± 𝑗𝑋.

Similarly, an admittance may be resolved into two parts—

the real part being called the conductance G, and the
imaginary part being called the susceptance B —and
expressed in complex form. Thus, admittance,

𝑌 = 𝐺 ± 𝑗𝐵

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ADMITTANCE
When an AC circuit contains:

(a) Pure resistance, then,

1 1
𝑍 = 𝑅 and 𝑌 = 𝑍 = 𝑅 = 𝐺

(b) Pure inductance, then,

1 1 −𝑗 −𝑗
𝑍 = 𝑗𝑋𝐿 and 𝑌 = 𝑍 = 𝑗𝑋 = = 𝑋 = −𝑗𝐵𝐿
𝐿 𝑗𝑋𝐿 −𝑗 𝐿

thus, a negative sign is associated with inductive susceptance, 𝐵𝐿 .

(c) Pure capacitance, then,

1 1 𝑗 −𝑗
𝑍 = 𝑗𝑋𝐶 and 𝑌 = 𝑍 = −𝑗𝑋 = = 𝑋 = 𝑗𝐵𝐶
𝐶 𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑗 𝐶

thus, a positive sign is associated with capacitive susceptance, 𝐵𝐶 .

ADMITTANCE
(d) Resistance and inductance in series, then,

1 1 (𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐿 ) 𝑅 𝑋𝐿 𝑅 𝑋𝐿
𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 and 𝑌 = = = = −𝑗 = −𝑗
𝑍 𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐿 𝑅2 +𝑋𝐿2 𝑅2 +𝑋𝐿2 𝑅2 +𝑋𝐿2 |𝑍|2 |𝑍|2

𝑅 𝑋
Thus, conductance, 𝐺 = |𝑍|2 and inductive susceptance, 𝐵𝐿 = − |𝑍|𝐿2
Note that in an inductive circuit, the imaginary term of the impedance, 𝑋𝐿 , is positive, whereas the imaginary term
of the admittance, 𝐵𝐿 , is negative.

(e) Resistance and capacitance in series, then,

1 1 𝑅+𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑅 𝑋𝐿 𝑅 𝑋𝐶
𝑍 = 𝑅 − 𝑗𝑋𝐶 and 𝑌 = = = = +𝑗 = +𝑗
𝑍 𝑅−𝑗𝑋𝐶 𝑅2 +𝑋𝐶2 𝑅2 +𝑋𝐶2 𝑅2 +𝑋𝐶2 |𝑍|2 |𝑍|2

𝑅 𝑋
Thus, conductance, 𝐺 = |𝑍|2 and capacitive susceptance, 𝐵𝐶 = |𝑍|𝐶2
Note that in a capacitive circuit, the imaginary term of the impedance, 𝑋𝐶 , is negative, whereas the imaginary term
of the admittance, 𝐵𝐶 , is positive.
ADMITTANCE
(e) Resistance and inductive in parallel

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image-277.png
1
Thus, conductance, 𝐺 = 𝑅 and inductive susceptance,
1
𝐵𝐿 = − 𝑋 .
𝐿
ADMITTANCE
(e) Resistance and capacitance in parallel, then,

1
Thus, conductance, 𝐺=𝑅 and capacitive
1 https://electricalacademia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/word-
susceptance, 𝐵𝐶 = . image-319.png
𝑋𝐶
ADMITTANCE
Conclusion:

(i) that a series circuit is more easily represented by an impedance,

(ii) (ii) that a parallel circuit is often more easily represented by an admittance especially when more than two parallel
impedances are involved.
ADMITTANCE
Example 1. Determine the admittance, conductance and susceptance of the following impedances:
(a) −𝑗5Ω
(b) (25 + 𝑗40)Ω
(c) (3 − 𝑗2)Ω
(d) 50∠40𝑜

Example 2. Determine expressions for the impedance of the following admittances:

(a) 0.004∠30𝑜 𝑆
(b) 0.001 − 𝑗0.002 𝑆
(c) 0.05 + 𝑗0.08 𝑆

Example 3. The admittance of a circuit is 0.040 + 𝑗0.025 𝑆. Determine the values of the resistance and the
capacitive reactance of the circuit if they are connected (a) in parallel, (b) in series. Draw the phasor diagram for
each of the circuits.
PARALLEL AC NETWORKS
Figure shows a circuit diagram containing three
impedances, 𝑍1 , 𝑍2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍3 connected in parallel. The
potential difference across each impedance is the same,
𝑉 𝑉
i.e., the supply voltage V. Current 𝐼1 = 𝑍 , 𝐼2 = 𝑍 and 𝐼3 =
1 2
𝑉
. If 𝑍𝑇 is the total equivalent impedance of the circuit
𝑍3
𝑉
then 𝐼 = 𝑍 . The supply current, 𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
𝑇
(phasorially).

𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
Thus, 𝑍 = 𝑍 + 𝑍 + 𝑍 and,
𝑇 1 2 3

1 1 1 1
= 𝑍 +𝑍 +𝑍
𝑍𝑇 1 2 3
Figure retrieved from Ref [1].
Circuit with three impedances in
or total admittance,
parallel
𝑌𝑇 = 𝑌1 + 𝑌2 + 𝑌3
PARALLEL AC NETWORKS
In general, for 𝑛 impedance connected in parallel,

𝑌𝑇 = 𝑌1 + 𝑌2 + 𝑌3 + ⋯ + 𝑌𝑛 (phasorically)

It is in parallel circuit analysis that the use of admittance

has its greatest advantage.

Figure retrieved from Ref [1].

Circuit with three impedances in
parallel
CURRENT DIVISION IN AC CIRCUITS
For the special case of two impedance, 𝑍1 and 𝑍2 ,
connected in parallel (see Figure).

1 1 1 𝑍2 + 𝑍1
= + =
𝑍𝑇 𝑍1 𝑍2 𝑍1 𝑍2

The total impedance,

𝑍1 𝑍2
𝑍𝑇 =
𝑍1 +𝑍2

From the figure, supply voltage,

𝑍1 𝑍2
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑍𝑇 = 𝐼 𝑍1 +𝑍2 Figure retrieved from Ref [1].
Two impedance connected in
parallel.
CURRENT DIVISION IN AC CIRCUITS
Also,
𝑉 = 𝐼1 𝑍1 (and 𝑉 = 𝐼2 𝑍2 )

Thus,
𝑍1 𝑍2
𝐼1 𝑍1 = 𝐼 𝑍1 +𝑍2

Then,
𝑍2
𝐼1 = 𝐼 𝑍1 +𝑍2

Similarly,
𝑍1
𝐼2 = 𝐼 𝑍1 +𝑍2
Figure retrieved from Ref [1].
Note that all of the above circuit symbols infer complex Two impedance connected in
quantities either in Cartesian or polar form. parallel.
ADMITTANCE
Example 4. Determine the values of currents 𝐼, 𝐼1 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2 shown in the network of Figure below.
ADMITTANCE
Example 5. For the parallel network shown in Figure below, determine the value of supply current I and its phase
relative to the 40V supply.
ADMITTANCE
Example 6. An AC network consists of a coil, of inductance 79.58 mH and resistance 18 Ω , in parallel with a capacitor of
capacitance 64.96 μ F. If the supply voltage is 250 ∠ 0°V at 50 Hz, determine (a) the total equivalent circuit impedance,
(b) the supply current, (c) the circuit phase angle, (d) the current in the coil, and (e) the current in the capacitor.
EXERCISES
Ref [2]

1. Three impedances are in series: 𝑍1 = 3.0∠45𝑜 Ω, 𝑍2 = 10 2∠45𝑜 Ω, 𝑍3 = 5.0∠ − 90𝑜 Ω. Find the applied voltage
V, if the voltage across 𝑍1 is 27.0∠ − 10𝑜 𝑉.
Ans. 126.5∠ − 24.6𝑜 𝑉

2. For the three-element series circuit in Figure below, (a) find the current I; (b) find the voltage across each
impedance and construct the voltage phasor diagram which shows that 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 = 100∠0𝑜 𝑉.
EXERCISES
Ref [2]

Ans. (a) 6.28∠ −9.17𝑜 𝐴

(b) see Figure below
EXERCISES
Ref [2]

3. Find Z in the parallel circuit given below, if 𝑉 = 50.0∠30.0𝑜 𝑉 and 𝐼 = 27.9∠57.8𝑜 𝐴.

Ans. 5.0∠ −30𝑜 𝝮

EXERCISES
Ref [2]

4. Obtain the conductance and susceptance corresponding to a voltage 𝑉 = 85.0∠205𝑜 𝑉 and a resulting current
𝐼 = 41.2∠ − 141. 0𝑜 .
Ans. 0.471𝑆, 0.117𝑆 (capacitive)

5. In the network shown in Figure below the 60-Hz current magnitude are known to be: 𝐼𝑇 = 29.9𝐴, I1 = 22.3𝐴,
𝐼2 = 8.0𝐴. Obtain the circuit constants R and L.
Ans. 5.8 𝝮, 38.5mH
HOMEWORK
Compute for 𝑍𝑖𝑛
REFERENCES

[1] Maxfield et. al. (2007) Electrical Engineering (Maxfield et al., 2007)

[2] Nahvi, M. & Edminister, J. A. (2003). Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Electric Circuits (4th
Edition). USA: The McDraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

[3] Mayergoyz, D., & Lawson, W. (1997).Basic Electric Circuit Theory. USA:Elsevier