“WIRELESS PROJECTOR”

Submitted by:

ABC

Submitted to:

XYZ

ABSTRACT

In case of wireless-projector we do not require additional wires to set up communication

between laptop and the projector. Instead for the transfer of data (videos, images or files)
we make a use of Raspberry Pi board. In our project “Wireless Projector” Raspberry Pi
board is connected to the projector from a laptop and the connection between our system
and Raspberry Pi is made through Wi-Fi. Typing the IP address of the corresponding
Raspberry Pi we can communicate with the distanced projector, and we can transfer data
through Wi-Fi module at the receiving end router connected to Raspberry Pi which receive
signals and send to the projector. Traditionally, network projectors were wired, meaning
that a network cable had to be connected to the projector in order for the projector to
connect to the network. When the term wireless is used in conjunction with a projector, it
refers to the way the projector accepts images from a source. Although these projectors are
called wireless projectors, they do still need at least one wire. No projector is capable of
ever being entirely wireless as all projectors need to be powered by a mains cable plugged
into a power source. Still, removing the wires needed for connections to the network or to
image sources have many benefits which are described in more detail below.

TABLEOFCONTENTS
 LIST OF TABLES

4.1 Cost Estimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACK Acknowledge

DVD Digital Versatile Disc

FIN Finish

IP Internet Protocol

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LEDs Light Emitting Diode

LiPo Lithium Polymer

LXDE Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment

RTP Real-time Transport Protocol

SSH Secure Shell

SYN Synchronization

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

UDP User Datagram Protocol

Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity

 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1Background

“Wireless anything is convenient”. Going wireless means we won’t need any cables between
our computer and the projector in order to share our screen. That means we no longer have to
fumble around with a tangle of wires. A wireless projector is able to connect wirelessly or
remotely to computers, tablets or other sources of media with the help of a receiver in order to
project whatever movie, clip, channel, presentations, documents, videos, video games, and so
forth from as far as a hundred feet away on the projection screen or wall. It does all this
without any wire plugged in though they use a receiver that connects to a projector with a
wired cable. A wireless projector helps remove barriers between the presenter and the
audience. Presenters can walk around a room and interact with the audience while
controlling the audio-visual portion of the presentation from a tablet computer.

In the past, projectors were isolated machines which needed to be connected to the source
where the image was coming from for example, a laptop. There is a bit of a problem. We
typically have the projector mounted on the ceiling. The problem with that is that a cord
dangling from our ceiling or getting in our way. In the past, projectors were isolated machines
which needed to be connected to the source where the image was coming from for example, a
laptop. Then network projectors came along, which allowed users operating many projectors
to connect to a network and download things like PowerPoint presentations and other media.
Nowadays however, with the advent of wireless internet and Local Area Networks, a number
of projectors are advertised as having wireless capabilities.

1.2 Problem Statement

It is so inconvenient to plug and unplug projectors to computers one after the other every time
multiple presentations. Cables are a major hassle. Another obstacle is the physical installation
of the projectors and cables. It is unable to track the projectors cable if there are many other
messy cables. If users connect their laptops to an external display such as projector using
cable, the limited cable length confines the user’s movement. It cannot be emphasized enough
how beneficial it is to go wireless and not have to work with HDMI or coaxial cables. We
won’t have to deal with spaghetti wires so cable management is now limited to, at most, the
wire we use to plug the projector in the socket. It’s amazingly convenient and turns your

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device into something mobile and transportable. Therefore, there is high demand of such
wireless projectors.

1.3 Objectives
• To implement Raspberry Pi to perform screen mirroring from source device (Android
phone or laptops) to sink device (Projector) using Wi-Fi.

1.4 Project Features

• The device can be controlled by any android version of phones through android

application.

 An android application can be designed for the device for remote access.

• Casts various media contents from different devices using Raspicast application.

1.5 Feasibility Analysis

Feasibility analysis is done to understand if the practicality of a proposed project is
economically feasible or not with a goal to identify the strengths and weakness of the
project. It outlines the market conditions, key project objectives, technical and economical
and economical possibility of the project and only after feasibility study of the project, the
further should be processed

1.5.1 Technical Feasibility

All the components required for the project can be easily available in the market. The circuits
used in this project are tested and there won’t be many difficulties in handling the circuits
during construction. With appropriate knowledge and easy access to hardware, the project is
technically feasible.

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1.5.2 Economical Feasibility

This project is feasible from perspective of economic time availability regarding the fact that
only the installation cost is required and the operation cost is low. The estimated economy of
the project is roughly Rs. 17650/-.

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 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Literature Review

Projectors have become an essential part of homes, offices, and commercial establishments
today. They produce realistic images that allow the users to immerse themselves in the world
of their favourite movies and shows. Projector technologies have grown by leaps and bounds
over the last several decades. Both analog and digital projection has been heavily influenced
by the development of computers.  However, several devices were invented before computers
by ingenious minds of their times. These devices laid the foundation for the development of
the modern projectors. 

One of the earliest devices that resembled a projector was the magic lantern. It was created in
1659 by Christian Huygens, a Dutch scientist who used a concave mirror to direct light from a
lamp onto a glass slide that had the image. The light passed through the glass slide and
projected the image on a screen using focusing lenses. Magic lanterns were one of the first
image projecting devices to gain popularity in the education and entertainment
domains. Around 1756, Swiss physicist and engineer Leonhard Euler developed the opaque
projector (also known as the episcope). An image or an object was placed inside the projector.
The light from a bright lamp located above the object projected the image of the object onto
the viewing screen via a system of mirrors and prisms. Jacques Charles, a French scientist,
invented a device called the mega scope. It functioned like the opaque projector and was
primarily used by Jacques Charles for lectures. Henry Morton demonstrated another variant of
the opaque projector in 1872. It was designed for large audiences and made use of an
oxyhydrogen lamp to project the images.

Slide projectors have been around since the 1950's. Slide projectors require that the presented
material be transferred to a 35mm slide allowing the user to project virtually anything that can
be can put on film. The overhead projector is built on the same principles as the 35 mm slide
projector, but differs in that the transparencies (slides) used are much bigger, often up to A4
or US-letter size. Overhead projectors also found their way into schools and corporations in
the late 1950s. This technology remained popular until the late 1990s, when other methods of
projection started to make an impact. A LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) variation of this
technology came to life in the early 1980s, allowing content be played from computers
and video players (VCRs). At first, it was limited to monochrome, but by the end of the
decade they could show colours, too.

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In the late 1980's overhead projectors found further use with the introduction of digital
projection panels. The digital projection panel consisted of a large LCD, electronics, cooling
fan, and a plastic or metal enclosure with a glass plate on both sides of the LCD. A digital
projection panel was essentially an electronic sheet of paper in a box about the size of a large
book that when plugged into a computer could display the image using the light and optics of
the overhead projector. It effectively became a giant monitor for the computer allowing fully
interactive presentation, education, and training making them the first digital projectors.
Within a year of their introduction, video projector panels were introduced and were quickly
followed by multimedia projector panels that could support video and data. Projection panels
are still in use, but as prices drop and performance continues to improve, they are quickly
being replaced by data projectors, video projectors and multimedia projectors.

The digital video projector also came into being in the early 1990's and like the early
computer projectors, they were large, heavy and expensive. They also suffered from poor
image quality, high cost, and limited portability. But much has changed since the video
projectors of the early 1990's arrived. Video projectors also serve nicely as TV projectors that
can project your satellite receiver programming or local broadcasts.

With today’s TV projector you can also attach a DVD player or any of the high definition
DVD players and enjoy a movie of your choosing. There are even TV projectors with
integrated DVD players and audio systems that provide a video boom-box for home
entertainment that can be easily taken from room to room with minimum setup.

The early multimedia projectors combined video, data and audio as a universal solution.
Today’s data and video projectors are essentially multimedia projectors as almost all of them
support data and video in one form or another. Since a good audio system needs power and
separation, today’s projectors do not serve well as a primary audio source for any high-quality
audio, but they can be useful in a small presentation room. In addition, some multimedia
projectors support wireless presentations and wireless high definition. The latter is currently
an add-on that allows an HD projector to connect to a high definition video source without the
need to run wiring.

The evolution of this technology is rapid improvement in the performance and the size
diminished while prices continued to fall. In the last couple of decades, manufacturers have
refined the projector technologies for yielding realistic image quality. Modern projectors use
enhanced versions of the DLP (Digital Light Processing), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and
LCoS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon ) technologies. Properties of the projectors like the
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resolution, brightness and contrast ratio have improved significantly in the last few years
allowing them to produce lifelike images. However, in this project we are planning to
incorporate the concept of wired & wireless projection in our proposed system.

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 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS

3.1 Software Requirements

3.1.1Raspbian Operating System

Raspbian Operating System is based on Debian Linux and is optimized to work efficiently
with the Raspberry Pi computer. As we already know an OS is a set of basic programs and
utilities that runs on a specified hardware, in this case the Pi. Debian is very lightweight and
makes a great choice for the Pi. The Raspbian includes tools for browsing, python
programming and a GUI desktop.

The Raspian desktop environment is known as the “Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment”
or in short LXDE. This has a fairly attractive user interface that is built using the X Window
System software and is a familiar point and click interface. Raspbian is highly optimized for
the Raspberry Pi line’s low-performance ARM CPUs. It is an operating system with the set of
basic programs and utilities that make your Raspberry Pi run. However, Raspbian provides
more than a pure OS: it comes with over 35,000 packages, precompiled software bundled in a
nice format for easy installation on your Raspberry Pi. Raspbian uses PIXEL, Pi Improved X-
windows Environment, Lightweight as its main desktop environment as of the latest update.

3.1.2 Rasp cast App

It is an android application called Raspi-Cast installed in the remotely based user phone is
used for the navigation of image, videos, etc. This application can be easily installed through
play store. It is interface which sets up a remote connection between the two parties
(Raspberry pi & the android phone). We need a Raspberry Pi with a running SSH-Server, the
omx player and optional a little image viewer.
Features:
• Cast media content from your android device
• Play local media files on your Raspberry Pi
• Play streams from playlists (m3u, pls) on your Raspberry Pi

3.2Hardware Requirements

3.2.1Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

The Raspberry Pi 3 is the third generation Raspberry Pi. It replaced the Raspberry Pi 2 Model
B in February 2016. It has different features:
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 It enables us to interface Display Module and Camera Module
 It supports HDMI port (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) which can be used to
quickly connect raspberry pi to HDMI Monitor. With HDMI Cable and Monitor we can
add Screen to Raspberry Pi.
 It is provided with 1 GB of RAM.

Figure 3.2.1: Raspberry Pi

3.2.2 Fresnel Lens

A Fresnel lens is a type of compact lens for which the design allows the construction of lenses
of large aperture and short focal length without the mass and volume of material that would
be required by a lens of conventional design. A Fresnel lens can be made much thinner than a
comparable conventional lens, in some cases taking the form of a flat sheet. A Fresnel lens
can capture more oblique light from a light source, thus allowing the light from a lighthouse
equipped with one to be visible over greater distances.

.
Figure 3.2.2: Fresnel Lens

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3.2.3 Transparent LCD Display

Any LCD panel is by nature “see through” though conventional LCDs have relatively low
transmission efficiency so that they tend to appear somewhat dark against natural light. LCD
display drivers control the complex AC voltage requirements for the liquid crystal displays
and work with an LCD controller in order to keep refreshing pixel information to their drive
circuitry. Several display drivers are specifically designed to easily interface with a variety of
microprocessors or microcontrollers and a wide range of LCD display types.

Figure 3.2.3: Transparent LCD Display

3.2.4Projection Lens

 It can project the image or video onto the curtain that is placed a few meters from the
projector lens and can be adjusted to focus a sharp image. It is widely used in homes, offices,
schools, and places of entertainment.

Figure 3.2.4: Projection Lens

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3.2.5 Bluetooth HC 05

The HC-05 is a module that can add two-way wireless functionality. It can also be used to
communicate between two microcontrollers like Arduino or communicate with any device
with Bluetooth functionality like Phone or Laptop.

Figure 3.2.5: Bluetooth HC-05

3.2.6 Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch.  It allows a low power control voltage operate a
high-power switch. The control and the switch are electrically isolated from each other and
they have their own voltage and current. The projector usually won't turn on when power is
applied, you need to apply power and then send an 'on' command to the projector.

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3.2.7 Arduino

Arduino is a microcontroller based prototyping board which can be used in developing digital
devices that can read inputs like finger on a button, touch on a screen, light on a sensor etc.
and turning it in to output like switching on an LED, rotating a motor, playing songs through
a speaker etc.

Figure 3.2.7: Arduino

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 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY

4.1 Hardware Development

4.1.1 Block Diagram

Figure 4.1: Block diagram of Controlled Wireless Projector.

LED back LCD

Fresnel Lens
source light

Projected Fresnel Lens

Projection Lens
destination

Figure 4.2: Block Diagram of Projection Unit of Projector

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Light source
LED Projector
Lens

Transparent Images
Fresnel lens Fresnel lens
LCD

Figure 4.3: Ray Diagram of Projector.

The main component used in this component is Raspberry Pi which is a fully functional mini-
pocket size computer. It is interfaced with the LCD display screen through its screen cable.

The power supply for raspberry pi and LED given form the AC power source. 5’’ transparent
LCD is connected to raspberry pi. LED produce intense white light which is distributed in all
the direction the distributed light should be made parallel in order to display transparent LCD
uniformly without loss which act like backlight source. Again, by turning the second Fresnel
lens converge the parallel ray of LCD display passed through projection lens which then
projects it to the projection board. The beam of light coming out of Fresnel lens is an
inverting image of LCD display (data, picture or video) that are send through mobile to
raspberry pi remotely So we turn LCD display to obtain image without inverting.

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1.1Flow Chart

Start

Power ON the
Raspberry Pi

Is Pi and
android NO Connect both
device on device to
the same same network
network?

YES
Cast the screen
of android
device to
LCD display

Project the
display on
LCD to screen

Stop

Figure 4.4: Flowchart

4.3 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol
suite. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the
Internet Protocol (IP). Therefore, the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP
provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets (bytes) between
applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. TCP is used extensively by

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many applications available by internet, including the World Wide Web (WWW), E-mail, File
Transfer Protocol, Secure Shell, peer-to-peer file sharing and streaming media applications.

Applications that do not require reliable data stream service may use the UDP, which provides
a connectionless datagram service that emphasizes reduced latency over reliability.

4.3.1 Network Function

The Transmission Control Protocol provides a communication service at an intermediate level

between an application program and the Internet Protocol. It provides host-to host
connectivity at the transport layer of the Internet model. An application does not need to know
the particular mechanisms for sending data via a link to another host, such as the required IP
fragmentation to accommodate the maximum transmission unit of the transmission medium.
At the transport layer, TCP handles all handshaking and transmission details and presents an
abstraction of the network connection to the application typically through a network socket
interface.

At the lower levels of the protocol stack, due to network congestion, traffic load balancing, or
other unpredictable network behaviour, IP packets may be lost, duplicated, or delivered out of
order. TCP detects these problems, requests re-transmission of lost data, rearranges out-of-
order data and even helps minimize network congestion to reduce the occurrence of the other
problems. If the data still remains undelivered, the source is notified of this failure. Once the
TCP receiver has reassembled the sequence of octets originally transmitted, it passes them to
the receiving application. Thus, TCP abstracts the application’s communication from the
underlying networking details.

TCP is optimized for accurate delivery rather than timely delivery and can incur relatively
long delays (on the order of seconds) while waiting for out-of-order messages or re-
transmissions of lost messages. Therefore, it is not particularly suitable for real time
applications such as Voice over IP. For such applications, protocols like the RTP operating
over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are usually recommended instead.

TCP is a reliable stream delivery service which guarantees that all bytes received will be
identical with bytes sent and in the correct order. Since packet transfer by many networks is
not reliable, a technique known as positive acknowledgement with retransmission is used to
guarantee reliability. This fundamental technique requires the receiver to respond with an
acknowledgement message as it receives the data. The sender keeps a record of each packet it
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sends and maintains a timer from when the packet was sent. The sender re-transmits a packet
if the timer expires before receiving the message acknowledgement. The timer is needed in
case a packet gets lost or
corrupted.

While IP handles actual delivery of the data, TCP keeps track of ’segments’ - the individual
units of data transmission that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the
network. For example, when an HTML file is sent from a web server, the TCP software layer
of that server divides the sequence of file octets into segments and forwards them individually
to the IP software layer (Internet Layer). The Internet Layer encapsulates each TCP segment
into an IP packet by adding a header that includes (among other data) the destination IP
address. When the client program on the destination computer receives them, the TCP layer
(Transport Layer) re-assembles the individual segments and ensures they are correctly ordered
and error-free as it streams them to an application.

Figure 4.5: Block Diagram of TCP/IP Layer

4.3.2 Connection establishment

To establish a connection, TCP uses a three-way handshake. Before a client attempts to

connect with a server, the server must first bind to and listen at a port to open it up for
connections: this is called a passive open. Once the passive open is established, a client may
initiate an active open. To establish a connection, the three-way (or 3-step) handshake occurs:

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• SYN: The active open is performed by the client sending a SYN to the server. The client sets
the segment’s sequence number to a random value A.
• SYN-ACK: In response, the server replies with a SYN-ACK. The acknowledgment number is
set to one more than the received sequence number i.e. A+1, and the sequence number that
the server chooses for the packet is another random number, B.
• ACK: Finally, the client sends an ACK back to the server. The sequence number is set to the
received acknowledgement value i.e. A+1, and the acknowledgement number is set to one
more than the received sequence number i.e. B+1.
At this point, both the client and server have received an acknowledgment of the connection.
The steps 1, 2 establish the connection parameter (sequence number) for one direction and it
is acknowledged. The steps 2, 3 establish the connection parameter (sequence number) for the
other direction and it is acknowledged. With these, a full-duplex communication is
established.

4.3.3 Connection termination

The connection termination phase uses a four-way handshake, with each side of the
connection terminating independently. When an endpoint wishes to stop its half of the
connection, it transmits a FIN packet, which the other end acknowledges with an ACK.
Therefore, a typical tear-down requires a pair of FIN and ACK segments from each TCP
endpoint. After the side that sent the first FIN has responded with the final ACK, it waits for a
timeout before finally closing the connection, during which time the local port is unavailable
for new connections. This prevents confusion due to delayed packets being delivered during
subsequent connections.

A connection can be “half-open”, in which case one side has terminated its end, but the other
has not. The side that has terminated can no longer send any data into the connection, but the
other side can. The terminating side should continue reading the data until the other side
terminates as well.

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 Figure 4.6: Connection Termination using 4-way Handshake
4.3.4 Data Transfer

There are a few key features that set TCP apart from User Datagram Protocol:

• Ordered data transfer: the destination host rearranges according to sequence number
• Retransmission of lost packets: any cumulative stream not acknowledged is retransmitted
• Error-free data transfer
• Flow control: limits the rate a sender transfers data to guarantee reliable delivery. The receiver
continually hints the sender on how much data can be received (controlled by the sliding
window). When the receiving host’s buffer fills, the next acknowledgment contains a 0 in the
window size, to stop transfer and allow the data in the buffer to be processed.
• Congestion control

4.4 Optics

4.4.1 Lens

A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of
refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound
lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis.
Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic, and are ground and polished or
molded to a desired shape. A lens can focus light to form an image, unlike a prism, which
refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation
other than visible light are also called lenses, such as microwave lenses, electron lenses,
acoustic lenses, or explosive lenses.

Most lenses are spherical lenses: their two surfaces are parts of the surfaces of spheres. Each
surface can be convex (bulging outwards from the lens), concave (depressed into the lens), or
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 planar (flat). The line joining the centres of the spheres making up the lens surfaces is called
the axis of the lens. Typically, the lens axis passes through the physical centre of the lens,
because of the way they are manufactured. Lenses may be cut or ground after manufacturing
to give them a different shape or size. The lens axis may then not pass through the physical
centre of the lens.

4.4.2 Convex Lens

A convex lens is thicker at the centre than at the edges. Convex lenses are thicker at the
middle. Rays of light that pass through the lens are brought closer together (they converge). A
convex lens is a converging lens.

When parallel rays of light pass through a convex lens the refracted rays converge at one point
called the principal focus.

The distance between the principal focus and the centre of the lens is called the focal

length.

Figure 4.7: Convex Lens

These are used for a variety of purposes in our day to day lives. For example:
• The lens in the human eyes is the prime example. So the most common use of the lens is that
it helps us to see.

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• Another common example of the use of this type of lens is a magnifying glass. When an
object is placed in front of it at a distance shorter than the focal length of the lens, it produces
a magnified and erect image of the object on the same side as the object itself.
• It is used to correct Hypermetropia or long-sightedness.

• It is used in cameras because it focuses light and produces a clear and crisp image.

• More generally these are often used in compound lenses used in various instruments such as
magnifying devices like microscopes, telescopes and camera
lenses.

• A simple kind of these lenses can focus light into an image, but that image wont be of a high
quality. For correcting the distortions and aberrations, it is better to combine both types of
lenses.

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 CHAPTER 5 EPILOGUE

5.1 Cost Estimation

We have estimated the cost of different components as per the below table:

S.N. Components Quality Cost (Rs)

1. Raspberry Pi 3 1 4550

2. Arduino 1 1250

3. Fresnel’s Lens 2 1720

4. LCD 1 1750

5. Projection lens 1 6000

6. Heat sink 1 300

7. SD card 1 800

8. Relay 1 120

9. Bluetooth hc 05 1 710

10. LED Light(100W) 1 450

GRAND TOTAL Rs. 17650

   

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 5.3 Project Plan
We have estimated the time schedule for the following different tasks:
5/15/2019 8/23/2019 12/1/2019 3/10/2020 6/18/2020 9/26/2020 1/4/2021 4/14/2021

Research

Familirarization with tools

Designing

Coding
Start
Date
Testing and Debugging Duration

Documentation and Report

GANTT CHART

Table: Work Schedule

5.4 Application

• It can be used as Notice Board.

• It can also be used in Sinage (Digital Sinage).
• Perfect for classrooms, breakout rooms and lecture theatres.

5.5 Output
The android device was connected to the raspberry pi by the method of casting using
Raspicast app. Then, the video and image of mobile phone was displayed on the LCD screen
which was then projected on the screen by the help of different lenses. Thus, the content of
android devices such as image, video & media files were projected on the projection screen
successfully.

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5.6 Problem Encountered
Small portion of light from the backlight source (100W LED) was able to escape from the
small opening of the projector box resulting to formation of slight dim light. Moreover,
extreme heating of the heat sink and improper cooling system had caused temporary failure of
the system. This problem was later overcome with additional cooling fan.

5.7 Limitation
There are some limitation of our system and they are listed below:

• There is small latency (500ms) during projection which can be improved with broadband
wireless connectivity.
• Although everything is wireless but due to high power supply required for LED, ac supply
is needed.

5.8 Future Enhancement

The proper configuration of the projected image on the screen is checked by moving the
projection lens back & forth. This process seems quite tedious since the user himself has to
move the lens using his hand. Hence, the future enhancement for this projector is to
remotely control the position of the lens using an android application which sends PWM
signal to the servo attached to lens.

5.9 Conclusion
Wireless projector is revised from wired projector where the problem of cabling the wire for
different device was removed by connecting wirelessly through Wi-Fi which gives flexibility
to the users. Traditionally, network projectors were wired, meaning that a network cable had
to be connected to the projector in order for the projector to connect to the network.
Nowadays however, with the advent of wireless internet and Local Area Networks, a number
of projectors are advertised as having wireless capabilities. After this project we learned about
lenses and how its focuses images at different focal lengths. We learned about how the media
is casted using same network with the help of TCP/IP.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Uhan, H.O. ; Akbas, A. , Designing a System Allowing High-Definiton Video Transfer
with Minimum Latency and Multi-use Access to Projection Device by Wireless, Complex
Systems (ICCS), 2012 International Conference on Digital Object

[2] Yongxiang Lu. A History of Chinese Science and Technology, Volume 3. pp.

308310

[3] Raspberry PI- open source embedded platform [online], 2012 [cit 2012-04-30].

Available (http://raspberrypi.org)

[4] “Fresnel lens”. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 19 March 2013.

[5] In Gyu Park. Development of a network multimedia projector system. IEEE Transactions
on Consumer Electronics, Val. 48, No. I, February 2002, pp90-98.

[6] Kenji Tsunashima, Tetsuro Shida etc. Compact Programmable Network Display

System for Portable Projectors. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol.

55, No. 2, MAY 2009, pp312-315

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 APPENDICES

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26