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    IGCSE History Notes - UN and The Gulf Wars CH 5

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    Marguerite Julia
    The document summarizes the UN's involvement in the two Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003. In the First Gulf War, the UN passed resolutions demanding Iraq withdraw from Kuwait and later authorized force. The UN mission was successful in expelling Iraq from Kuwait. Between the wars, the UN monitored the Iraq-Kuwait border and imposed sanctions on Iraq for its suspected WMD program. In the Second Gulf War, the US invaded Iraq without UN authorization, sidelining the UN and damaging its reputation as its methods failed to prevent the invasion.

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    IGCSE History Notes - UN and The Gulf Wars CH 5

    Uploaded by

    Marguerite Julia
    67 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the UN's involvement in the two Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003. In the First Gulf War, the UN passed resolutions demanding Iraq withdraw from Kuwait and later authorized force. The UN mission was successful in expelling Iraq from Kuwait. Between the wars, the UN monitored the Iraq-Kuwait border and imposed sanctions on Iraq for its suspected WMD program. In the Second Gulf War, the US invaded Iraq without UN authorization, sidelining the UN and damaging its reputation as its methods failed to prevent the invasion.

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    IGCSE History Notes - UN and the Gulf Wars Ch 5

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    The document summarizes the UN's involvement in the two Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003. In the First Gulf War, the UN passed resolutions demanding Iraq withdraw from Kuwait and later authorized force. The UN mission was successful in expelling Iraq from Kuwait. Between the wars, the UN monitored the Iraq-Kuwait border and imposed sanctions on Iraq for its suspected WMD program. In the Second Gulf War, the US invaded Iraq without UN authorization, sidelining the UN and damaging its reputation as its methods failed to prevent the invasion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views2 pages

    IGCSE History Notes - UN and The Gulf Wars CH 5

    Uploaded by

    Marguerite Julia
    The document summarizes the UN's involvement in the two Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003. In the First Gulf War, the UN passed resolutions demanding Iraq withdraw from Kuwait and later authorized force. The UN mission was successful in expelling Iraq from Kuwait. Between the wars, the UN monitored the Iraq-Kuwait border and imposed sanctions on Iraq for its suspected WMD program. In the Second Gulf War, the US invaded Iraq without UN authorization, sidelining the UN and damaging its reputation as its methods failed to prevent the invasion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    (Ch5)

    UN In the Gulf Wars

    First Gulf War 1991


    - Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait on 2 August 1990
    - Clear act of aggression
    - Resolution 660 was released asking for Iraq’s withdrawal
    - Over the next month the UN issued more resolutions and severe trade sanctions
    - 29 November 1990 Resolution 678 was passed which allowed member state to attack iraq if it didn’t
    withdraw from Kuwait by the 15 January 1991
    - Resolution 678
    - Operation desert storm enforced the UN’s resolution for peace and security with troops
    - Operation Desert Storm 1991
    - First air attack was on the 17th Jan 1991
    -Ground operation started the 24th of Feb
    -Iraq accepted all resolution on the 28th Feb
    -Successful

    Significance of the First Gulf War for the UN


    - Reputation increased
    - The UN peace enforcing methods changed and became bette
    - Res. 678 helped for future UN military intervention
    - Res. 688 helped see human rights as threat to international peace

    Time Between Two Gulf Wars


    - April 1991 UNIKOM (UN Iraq-Kuwait Observer Mission) was set up
    - It’s task was to monitor the demilitarized border
    - The UN then took further sanctions as it believe it would be a threat to the stablity of the middle east
    - It carried out weapons inspections in 1990
    - It was also thought Iraq was developing weapon of mass destruction (WMD)
    - Iraq tried to interfere but instead it was imposed harsh economic sanctions
    - Sanctions made little difference to the government
    - Instead it made the people suffer a lot
    - In the security council only France and Russia vetoed
    - The veto meant there was no solution although humanitarian help was agreed
    - 500000 died due to the lack of humanitarian help

    Second Gulf War 2003


    - After 9/11 Iraq was the most important crisis for the UN
    - President Bush proposed to disarm Iraq using force and if the UN wouldn’t back it up the US would go
    alone and invade Iraq
    - Britain agreed to help
    - The invasion occured march 2003
    - Without the security councils help the UN could just accept and approve the invasion or condemn it but
    it couldn’t prevent it
    - Saddam was overthrown in April 2003
    - May 2003 a resolution was passed to allow US and Britain to be occupying powers
    (Ch5)
    - UN Assistance Mission to Iraq (UNAMI)
    - More traditional peacekeeping to help rebuild the country

    Impact of the Second Gulf War on the UN


    - UN later declared the 2003 invasion illegal
    - Reputation was damaged as it was sidelined by the US and blamed of not stopping them
    - It’s methods had failed as many people were hurt
    - Res. 1483 established the USA and Britain as occupying powers in Iraq

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