Unit I a) Fluid Flow around Submerged Objects

1. Whenever a plate is held immersed at some angle with the direction of flow of the liquid,
it is subjected to some pressure. The component of this pressure, in the direction of flow
of the liquid, is known as
A. Lift
B. Drag
C. Stagnation pressure
D. Bulk modulus
Answer: Option B

2. The region between the separation of streamline and boundary surface of the solid body is
known as
A. Wake
B. Drag
C. Lift
D. Boundary layer
Answer: Option A

3. Whenever a plate is held immersed at some angle with the direction of flow of the liquid,
it is subjected to some pressure. The component of this pressure, at right angles to the
direction of flow of the liquid is known as …
A. Wake
B. Drag
C. Lift
D. Boundary layer
Answer: Option C

4. Drag is defined as the force exerted by a flowing fluid on a solid body

A. in the direction of flow
B. perpendicular to the direction of flow
C. in the direction which is at an angle of 450 to the direction of flow.
D. none of the above.
Answer: Option A
5. Lift force is defined as the force exerted by a flowing fluid on a solid body
A. in the direction of flow
B. perpendicular to the direction of flow
C. in the direction which is at an angle of 450 to the direction of flow.
D. none of the above.
Answer: Option B

6. Drag force (FD) is expressed mathematically, as

1
A. FD = V 2CD A
2
B. FD = V 2CD A

C. FD = 2 V 2CD A

D. none of the above.

Answer: Option A

7. Lift force (FL) is expressed mathematically, as

1
A. FL = V 2CL
2
1
B. FL = V 2CL A
2
C. FL = 2 V 2C L A

D. FL = V 2C L A .

Answer: Option B

8. Total drag on body is the sum of

A. pressure drag and velocity drag
B. pressure drag and friction drag
C. friction drag and velocity drag
D. none of the above.
Answer: Option B

9. A body is called stream lined body when it is placed in a flow and the surface of the body
A. coincides with streamlines
B. does not coincide with streamlines
C. is perpendicular to the streamlines
 D. none of the above.
Answer: Option A

10. A body is called bluff body if the surface of the body

A. coincides with streamlines
B. does not coincide with streamlines
C. is very smooth
D. none of the above.
Answer: Option B

11. The drag on the sphere (FD) for Reynolds’s number less than 0.2 is given by
A. FD = 5 DU

B. FD =  DU

C. FD = 2 DU

D. FD = 3 DU .

Answer: Option D

12. The skin friction drag on the sphere (for Reynolds’s number less than 0.2) is equal to
A. one third of the total drag
B. half of the total drag
C. two third of the total drag
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option C

13. The pressure drag on the sphere (for Reynolds’s number less than 0.2) is equal to
A. one third of the total drag
B. half of the total drag
C. two third of the total drag
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option A

14. The terminal fall velocity of falling body is equal to

A. a maximum velocity with which body will fall
B. a maximum constant velocity with which body will fall
C. half of the maximum velocity
 D. none of the above.
Answer: Option B

15. When a falling body has attained terminal velocity, the weight of the body is equal to
A. drag force minus buoyant force
B. buoyant force minus drag force
C. drag force plus the buoyant force
D. none of the above.
Answer: Option C

16. The tangential velocity of ideal fluid at any point on the surface of the cylinder is given by
1
A. u = U sin 
2
B. u = U sin 

C. u = 2U sin 

D. none of the above.

Answer: Option C

17. The Lift force (FL) produced on a rotating circular cylinder in a uniform flow is given
by…(where L = length of the cylinder, U= Free stream velocity, Г= Circulation).
LU 
A. FL =

B. FL =  LU 

U 
C. FL =

 LU
D. FL = .

Answer: Option B

18. The lift co-efficient (CL) for a rotating circular cylinder in a uniform flow is given
by…(where R = Radius of the cylinder, U= Free stream velocity, Г= Circulation).
U
A. CL =
R
R
B. CL =
U
 
C. CL =
RU
RU
D. CL = .

Answer: Option C

19. The pressure drag depends upon

A. the characteristics of the oncoming flow
B. the boundary formation
C. the separation of boundary layer and the size of the wake
D. the shear stresses generated on the body surface.
Answer: Option C

20. In case of airfoils, the profile drag is one which is caused by

A. the compressibility effects
B. the shape and orientation of airfoil
C. the circulation induced around aerofoil
D. none of the above.
Answer: Option B

21. A flat plate 1.5 m x 1.5 m moves at 50 km/hr in stationary air of density 1.15 kg/m3. If the
co-efficient of drag and lift are 0.15 and 0.75 respectively, determine lift force and choose
the correct answer from the following
A. 150.23 N
B. 178.60 N
C. 108.85 N
D. 187.20 N.
Answer: Option D

22. A flat plate 1.5 m x 1.5 m moves at 50 km/hr in stationary air of density 1.15 kg/m3. If the
co-efficient of drag and lift are 0.15 and 0.75 respectively, determine drag force and choose
the correct answer from the following
A. 50.23 N
B. 78.60 N
C. 37.44 N
D. 87.20 N.
 Answer: Option C

23. A flat plate 1.5 m x 1.5 m moves at 50 km/hr in stationary air of density 1.15 kg/m3. If the
drag and lift force are 37.44 N and 187.20 N respectively, determine the resultant force and
choose the correct answer from the following
A. 160.23 N
B. 178.60 N
C. 137.44 N
D. 190.85 N.
Answer: Option D

24. A flat plate 1.5 m x 1.5 m moves at 50 km/hr in stationary air of density 1.15 kg/m3. If the
drag and lift force are 37.44 N and 187.20 N respectively, determine the power required to
keep the plate in motion in kW and choose the correct answer from the following
A. 0.519
B. 0.456
C. 0.789
D. 0.528 .
Answer: Option A

25. A flat plate 2 m x 2 m moving at a speed of 4 m/s normal to its plane in water, determine
the drag force in N and choose the correct answer from the following
A. 36800
B. 35800
C. 36750
D. 36000 .
Answer: Option A

26. A flat plate 2 m x 2 m moving at a speed of 4 m/s normal to its plane in air of density 1.24
kg/m3, determine the drag force in N and choose the correct answer from the following
A. 36.80
B. 35.80
C. 45.60
D. 36.00.
Answer: Option C
27. A metallic ball of diameter 2x10-3 m drops in a fluid of sp. gr. 0.95 and viscosity 15 Poise.
The density of metallic ball is 12000 kg/m3. Determine the drag force in N exerted by fluid
on metallic ball.
A. 0.000459
B. 0.000454
C. 0.000786
D. 0.000108.
Answer: Option B

28. A metallic ball of diameter 2x10-3 m drops in a fluid of sp. gr. 0.95 and viscosity 15 Poise.
The density of metallic ball is 12000 kg/m3. If drag force is 0.000454 N exerted by fluid
on metallic ball, find the pressure drag and skin friction drag.
A. 0.0001513 N and 0.0003028 N
B. 0.0001613 N and 0.0003328 N
C. 0.0001583 N and 0.0003928 N
D. 0.0001583 N and 0.0003828 N.
Answer: Option A

29. A metallic ball of diameter 2x10-3 m drops in a fluid of sp. gr. 0.95 and viscosity 15 Poise.
The density of metallic ball is 12000 kg/m3. If drag force is 0.000454 N exerted by fluid
on metallic ball, find terminal fall velocity.
A. 0.019
B. 0.007
C. 0.016
D. 0.018.
Answer: Option C

30. A metallic ball of diameter 2x10-3 m drops in a fluid of sp. gr. 0.95 and viscosity 15 Poise.
The density of metallic ball is 12000 kg/m3. If the maximum constant velocity of falling
metallic ball is 0.016 m/s, find the Reynolds number.
A. 100
B. 7
C. 10.756
D. 0.02.
Answer: Option D.
 Unit I b) Unsteady Flow

1. The valve closure is said to be gradual if the time required to close the valve
(Where L = length of pipe, C = velocity of pressure wave)
2L
A. t =
C
2L
B. t 
C
4L
C. t
C
2L
D. t
C

Answer: Option D

2. The valve closure is said to be sudden if the time required to close the valve
(Where L = length of pipe, C = velocity of pressure wave)
2L
A. t
C
2L
B. t 
C
4L
C. t
C
2L
D. t
C

Answer: Option A

3. The valve closure is said to be critical if the time required to close the valve
(Where L = length of pipe, C = velocity of pressure wave)
2L
A. t
C
2L
B. t =
C
4L
C. t
C
2L
D. t
C
 Answer: Option B

4. The velocity of pressure wave in terms of bulk modulus (K) and density (ρ) is given by.
K
A. C =


B. C = K 


C. C =
K
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option A.

5. The pressure rise due to water hammer depends upon

A. The velocity of flow of water in pipe
B. The length of pipe
C. Time taken to close the valve
D. All of the above.
Answer: Option D.

6. If the pipe is rigid and closure of valve is sudden then the pressure rise due to water hammer
is given by
(Where ρ= mass density, V=velocity of flow of water and C=velocity of pressure wave)

A. p = VC
B. p = V / C
C. p = V / C
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option A.

7. If the pipe is elastic and closure of valve is sudden then the pressure rise due to water
hammer is given by
(Where ρ = mass density, V= velocity of flow of water, K= bulk modulus, E = modulus of
elasticity of the pipe material, t = thickness of the pipe wall and D = diameter of pipe)
 
A. p = V
1 D
+
K Et

V
B. p = 
1 D
+
K Et

V
C. p = 
1 K
+
D Et

V
D. p = .
1 K
+
D Et
Answer: Option A.

8. If the incompressible fluid is flowing through rigid pipe and closure of valve is sudden then
the pressure rise due to water hammer is given by
(Where ρ = mass density, V= velocity of flow of water, L= velocity of pressure wave and
T = time in second required to close the valve)

 LT
A. p =
V
B. p = V / LT
 LV
C. p =
T
 LV
D. p = .
T
Answer: Option C.

9. Expression for time of emptying a tank through an orifice at its bottom is given by…
(Where A = area of the tank, a = area of orifice, H 1 = initial height of liquid, H2 = final
height of liquid, Cd = co-efficient of discharge and T = time in seconds for the liquid to fall
from H1 to H2)

2A  H1 − H 2 
A. T =
Cd .a. 2 g  
 2A  H 2 − H1 
B. T =
Cd .a. 2 g  

A.a 
C. T = H1 − H 2 
2Cd . 2 g 

−2 A 
D. T = H1 − H 2  .
Cd .a. 2 g 

Answer: Option A.

10. Expression for time of emptying a hemispherical tank through an orifice at its bottom is
given by…
(Where R= radius of hemispherical tank, a = area of orifice, H1 = initial height of liquid,
H2 = final height of liquid, Cd = co-efficient of discharge and T = time in seconds for the
liquid to fall from H1 to H2)

 4 
R ( H13/ 2 − H 23/ 2 ) − ( H15/ 2 − H 25/ 2 )
2
A. T = 
Cd .a. 2 g  3 5 

 3 
R ( H13/ 2 − H 23/ 2 ) − ( H15/ 2 − H 25/ 2 )
2
B. T = 
Cd .a. 2 g  4 5 

 4 
R ( H13/ 2 − H 23/ 2 ) − ( H15/ 2 − H 25/ 2 )
5
C. T = 
Cd .a. 2 g  3 2 

 3 
R ( H13/ 2 − H 23/ 2 ) − ( H15/ 2 − H 25/ 2 ) .
5
D. T = 
Cd .a. 2 g  4 2 
Answer: Option A.

11. … is the type of flow in the velocity, pressure or density at a point change with respect to
time.
A. Steady flow
B. Unsteady flow
C. Uniform flow
D. Non-uniform flow.
Answer: Option B.

12. “The flow in a pipe whose valve is being opened or closed gradually” is example of ….
A. Steady flow
B. Uniform flow
 C. Non-uniform flow
D. Unsteady flow
Answer: Option D.

13. Mathematically the unsteady flow can be expressed by which of the following.
 u 
A.   0
 t  x0 , y0 , z0

 p 
B.   0
 t  x0 , y0 , z0

  
C.   0
 t  x0 , y0 , z0

D. All of the above.

Answer: Option D.

14. Identify from the following the correct expression related with unsteady flow.
A. Both B and C
 p 
B.   =0
 t  x0 , y0 , z0

  
C.   =0
 t  x0 , y0 , z0

D. None of the above.

Answer: Option D.

15. Time taken by the pressure wave to travel from the valve to the tank and from the tank to
the valve is given by
(Where L = length of pipe and C = Velocity of pressure wave)
2C
A. T =
L
2L
B. T =
C
C
C. T =
2L
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option B.
16. The water is flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s in a pipe of length 2500 m and of diameter
500 mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. Determine the rise in pressure in N/cm2
if valve closure is gradual and time taken to close the valve is 25 seconds. Take the value
of C = 1460 m/s.
A. 25
B. 20
C. 17
D. 15.
Answer: Option D.

17. The water is flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s in a pipe of length 2500 m and of diameter
500 mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. Determine the type of valve closure if
the valve is closed in 25 seconds. Take the value of C = 1460 m/s.
A. Sudden
B. Critical
C. Gradual
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option C.

18. The water is flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s in a pipe of length 2500 m and of diameter
500 mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. Determine the type of valve closure if
the valve is closed in 2 seconds. Take the value of C = 1400 m/s.
A. Sudden
B. Critical
C. Gradual
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option A.

19. The water is flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s in a pipe of length 2500 m and of diameter
500 mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. Determine the rise in pressure behind
the valve if it is closed in 2 seconds and closure is sudden. Assume the pipe to be rigid one
and take bulk modulus of water K = 19.62 x 104 N/cm2.
A. 210.85 N/cm2
B. 210 N/cm2
C. 210.10 N/cm2
D. 210.90 N/cm2
Answer: Option C.
20. The water is flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s in a pipe of length 2500 m and of diameter
500 mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. The thickness the pipe is 10 mm and
the valve is closed suddenly at the end of the pipe, find the rise in pressure if the pipe is
considered to be elastic. Take E = 19.62 x 1010 N/m2 for pipe material and K = 19.62 x 104
N/cm2 for water.
A. 110.85 N/cm2
B. 111.69 N/cm2
C. 510.10 N/cm2
D. 171.55 N/cm2
Answer: Option D.

21. The water is flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s in a pipe of length 2500 m and of diameter
500 mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. The thickness of the pipe is 10 mm
and the valve is suddenly closed at the end of the pipe. The rise in pressure is 1715510
N/m2 and pipe is considered to be elastic. Calculate circumferential stress developed in the
pipe wall and choose the correct answer from the following.
A. 4286.9 N/m2
B. 411.69 N/m2
C. 2510.18 N/m2
D. 1171.65 N/m2
Answer: Option A.

22. The water is flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s in a pipe of length 2500 m and of diameter
500 mm. At the end of the pipe a valve is provided. The thickness of the pipe is 10 mm
and the valve is suddenly closed at the end of the pipe. The rise in pressure is 1715510
N/m2 and pipe is considered to be elastic. Calculate longitudinal stress developed in the
pipe wall and choose the correct answer from the following.
A. 2186.9 N/m2
B. 2243.69 N/m2
C. 2148.45 N/m2
D. 2143.45 N/m2.
Answer: Option D

23. A valve provided at the end of a cast iron pipe of diameter 150 mm and of thickness 10
mm. The water is flowing through the pipe, which is suddenly stopped by closing the valve.
Find the maximum velocity of water, when the rise in pressure due to sudden closure of
valve is 196.2 x 10 4 N/m2. Take E = 11.772 x 1010 N/m2 for cast iron pipe and K = 19.62
x 108 N/m2 for water.
 A. 2.786 m/s
B. 2.687 m/s
C. 1.566 m/s
D. 1.066 m/s
Answer: Option C

24. A circular tank of cross sectional area 12.566 m2 contains water up to a height of 5 m. The
tank is provided with an orifice of cross sectional area 0.1963 m2 at the bottom. Find the
time taken by the water to fall from 5 m to 2 m. Take Cd = 0.6.
A. 49.56 seconds
B. 38.56 seconds
C. 37.56 seconds
D. 39.58 seconds
Answer: Option D

25. A circular tank of cross sectional area 12.566 m2 contains water up to a height of 5 m. The
tank is provided with an orifice of cross sectional area 0.1963 m2 at the bottom. Find the
time taken by the water for completely emptying the tank. Take Cd = 0.6.
A. 149.77 seconds
B. 107.70 seconds
C. 137.89 seconds
D. 139.88 seconds
Answer: Option B
 Unit II a) Introduction to Open channel flow

1. If the depth of flow, velocity of flow, slope of bed of channel and cross section remain
constant along the length of channel, the flow is called …
A. Uniform
B. Non-uniform
C. Steady
D. Unsteady
Answer: Option A

2. If the depth of flow, velocity of flow, slope of bed of channel and cross section does
not remain constant along the length of channel, the flow is called …
A. Uniform
B. Non-uniform
C. Steady
D. Unsteady
Answer: Option B

3. If the depth of flow changes suddenly over the small length of channel, the flow is
called …
A. Rapidly varied flow
B. Gradually varied flow
C. Critical flow
D. Unsteady
Answer: Option A

4. If the depth of flow changes gradually over the long length of channel, the flow is called
…
A. Rapidly varied flow
B. Gradually varied flow
C. Critical flow
D. Unsteady
Answer: Option B

5. Non-uniform flow is also called…

A. Unsteady
B. Steady
C. Varied flow
D. Unsteady
Answer: Option C
6. If Reynolds number for open channel is less than 500, the flow is said to be……
A. Transition
B. Turbulent
C. Steady
D. Laminar
Answer: Option D

7. If Reynolds number for open channel is more than 2000, the flow is said to be……
A. Turbulent
B. Transition
C. Steady
D. Laminar
Answer: Option A

8. If Froude number is less than 1.0, the flow is said to be……

A. Critical
B. Super-critical
C. Sub-critical
D. Laminar
Answer: Option C

9. If Froude number is more than 1.0, the flow is said to be……

A. Critical
B. Super-critical
C. Sub-critical
D. Laminar
Answer: Option B

10. If Froude number is equal to 1.0, the flow is said to be……

A. Laminar
B. Super-critical
C. Sub-critical
D. Critical
Answer: Option D

11. The hydraulic depth is the ratio of wetted area to…

A. Top width
B. Bottom width
C. Side slope
D. Depth of flow
Answer: Option A

12. The hydraulic radius is the ratio of wetted area to…

 A. Top width
B. Wetted perimeter
C. Side slope
D. Depth of flow.
Answer: Option B

13. In open channel flow…

A. the energy gradient line coincides with the free surface.
B. hydraulic gradient lines coincide
C. the hydraulic gradient line and free surface coincide
D. the hydraulic gradient line can never rise.
Answer: Option C

14. Uniform flow is said to occur when…

A. Size and shape of the cross-section changes along a length
B. Frictional loss in the particular length of the channel will the more than the drop
in its elevation
C. Frictional loss in the particular length of the channel will be less than the drop in
elevation.
D. Size and shape of the cross-section in a particular length remain constant.

Answer: Option D

15. Critical flow is said to occur when…

A. Size and shape of the cross-section changes along a length
B. Frictional loss in the particular length of the channel will the more than the drop
in its elevation
C. Frictional loss in the particular length of the channel, will be less than the drop in
elevation.
D. None of the above.

Answer: Option D

16. An opening in the side of a tank or vessel such that the liquid surface with the tank is
below the top edge of the opening, is called….
A. Weir
B. Notch
C. Orifice
D. None of these
Answer: Option B

17. The discharge over a rectangular notch is..

A. Inversely proportional to H3/2
B. Directly proportional to H3/2
C. Inversely proportional to H5/2
 D. Directly proportional to H5/2
Answer: Option B

18. The discharge over a right angled notch is (where H = Height of liquid above the apex
of notch)
8
A. Q = Cd . 2 g H 1/ 2
15
8
B. Q = Cd . 2 g H 3/ 2
15
15
C. Q = Cd . 2 g H 5/ 2
8
8
D. Q = Cd . 2 g H 5/ 2
15
Answer: Option D

19. The discharge over trapezoidal notch is equal to the discharge over the rectangular
notch __________ the discharge over the triangular notch.
A. Plus
B. Minus
C. Divide
D. None of these
Answer: Option A

20. The sheet of water flowing over a notch or a weir is known as…
A. Sill or crest
B. Nappe
C. Orifice
D. None of these
Answer: Option B

21. The structure used to dam up a stream or river over which the water flows is called…
A. Orifice
B. Notch
C. Weir
D. Dam
Answer: Option C

22. The discharge over a rectangular notch is…

(Where b = width of notch, and H = height of liquid above the sill of the notch)
2
A. Q = Cd .b. 2 g H 1/ 2
3
3
B. Q = Cd .b. 2 g H 3/ 2
2
 2
C. Q = Cd .b. 2 g H 3/ 2
3
2
D. Q = b. 2 g H 3/ 2
3
Answer: Option C

23. The discharge over a triangular notch is…

A.
Inversely proportional to H3/2
B. Directly proportional to H3/2
C. Inversely proportional to H5/2
D. Directly proportional to H5/2
Answer: Option D

24. If the coefficient of discharge is 0.6, then the discharge over a right angled notch is…
A. 0.417 H5/2
B. 1.417 H5/2
C. 4.171 H5/2
D. 7.141 H5/2
Answer: Option B

25. A notch is used to measure __________ of liquids.

A. Pressure
B. Discharge
C. Velocity
D. Volume
Answer: Option B

26. Find the wetted perimeter and hydraulic mean depth of trapezoidal channel of bed
width 4 m, depth of water 3 m and side slope of 2 horizontal to 3 vertical, when the
discharge through the channel is 20 m3/s.
A. Wetted perimeter = 12.21 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 1.9057 m
B. Wetted perimeter = 11.51 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 1.8057 m
C. Wetted perimeter = 11.21 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 1.6057 m
D. Wetted perimeter = 11.71 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 1.8057 m
Answer: Option C

27. Find the wetted perimeter and hydraulic mean depth of rectangular channel 2.5 m
wide, having a depth of water 1.5 m and bed slope has 1 in 2000.
A. Wetted perimeter = 5.50 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.682 m
B. Wetted perimeter = 6.25 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.758 m
C. Wetted perimeter = 7.21 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.605 m
D. Wetted perimeter = 4.71 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.805 m
Answer: Option A

28. Find the wetted perimeter and hydraulic mean depth of V shaped channel as shown in
the following figure.

A. Wetted perimeter = 5.5085 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.982 m

B. Wetted perimeter = 6.2565 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.458 m
C. Wetted perimeter = 9.2375 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 1.000 m
D. Wetted perimeter = 8.7896 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 3.258 m
Answer: Option C

29. A rectangular notch 2.0 m wide has a constant head of 500 mm. Find the discharge
over the notch, if the coefficient of discharge for the notch is 0.62.
A. Q = 1.294 m3/s
B. Q = 2.294 m3/s
C. Q = 5.294 m3/s
D. Q = 0.294 m3/s
Answer: Option A

30. A rectangular notch has a discharge of 0.24 m3/s, when the head of water is 800 mm
find the length of the notch. Assume Cd = 0.6.
A. L= 289 mm
B. L = 298 mm
C. L = 189 mm
D. L = 389 mm
Answer: Option C

31. Find the discharge over a triangular notch of angle 600 when the head over the
triangular notch is 0.2 m. Assume Cd = 0.6.
A. Q = 0.05941 m3/s
B. Q = 0.07944 m3/s
C. Q = 0.01462 m3/s
D. Q = 0.29456 m3/s
Answer: Option C
31. Find the discharge through a trapezoidal channel which is 1.2 m wide at the top and
0.5 m at the bottom and is 0.4 m in height. The head of water on the notch is 0.3 m.
Assume Cd for rectangular portion = 0.62 and Cd for triangular portion = 0.6.
A. Q = 0.5995 m3/s
B. Q = 0.2555 m3/s
C. Q = 0.2115 m3/s
D. Q = 0.3225 m3/s
Answer: Option C

32. Find the wetted perimeter and hydraulic mean depth of channel as shown in the
following figure.

A. Wetted perimeter = 6.785 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 1.982 m

B. Wetted perimeter = 4.085 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.458 m
C. Wetted perimeter = 3.085 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 0.416 m
D. Wetted perimeter = 5.7896 m and Hydraulic mean depth = 1.258 m
Answer: Option C

33. During an experiment in a laboratory, 0.05 m3 of water flowing over a right-angled

notch was collected in one minute. If the head of the sill is 50 mm, calculate the co-
efficient of discharge of the notch.
A. Cd = 0.65
B. Cd = 0.63
C. Cd = 0.66
D. Cd = 0.62
Answer: Option B

34. Find the discharge over rectangular weir 6 m long and having a head of 0.4 m of
water. Take Cd = 0.62.
A. Q = 3.456 m3/s
B. Q = 1.456 m3/s
C. Q = 2.456 m3/s
D. Q = 2.779 m3/s
Answer: Option D
35. The following figure represents the flow of water over the spillway. In figure A,B, C,
D, and E represents the various types of flow. Identify the correct types of flow for A, B,
C, D and E.

A. A= uniform flow, B= Gradually varied flow, C= Rapidly varied flow

D = Uniform flow and E= Non-uniform flow
B. A= Non-uniform flow, B= Gradually varied flow, C= Rapidly varied flow
D = Uniform flow and E= Non-uniform flow
C. A= uniform flow, B= Gradually varied flow, C= Rapidly varied flow
D = Uniform flow and E= Gradually varied flow
D. None of the above.
Answer: Option A
 Unit II b) Depth-Energy Relationships in Open Channel Flow

1. In open channels, the specific energy is the…

A. Total energy per unit discharge
B. Total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of
the channel
C. Total energy measured above the horizontal datum
D. Kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
Answer: Option B

2. The depth of water in a channel corresponding to the minimum specific energy is

known as critical depth.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
C. Can’t Say
D. None of the above
Answer: Option A

3. The specific energy of a flowing fluid per unit weight is equal to…

p v2
A. +
w 2g
p
B. +h
w
v2
C. +h
2g
p v2
D. + +h
w 2g
Answer: Option C

4. The depth of flow at which specific energy is minimum is called...

A. Normal depth
B. Critical depth
C. Alternate depth
D. None of the above
Answer: Option B

5. The critical depth (yc) is given by

1/ 2
 q2 
A.  
 g 
1/ 4
 q2 
B.  
 g 
 1/ 3
 q2 
C.  
 g 
2/3
 q2 
D.  
 g 
Answer: Option C

6. In case of rectangular channel, the expression for minimum specific energy in terms of
critical depth (yc) is given by
3
A. Emin = yc
2
1
B. Emin = yc
2
2
C. Emin = yc
3
5
D. Emin = yc
2
Answer: Option A

7. The velocity at critical depth is known as …velocity

A. Normal
B. Terminal
C. Maximum
D. Critical
Answer: Option D

8. Specific energy is sum of …

A. Potential energy of the flow

B. Kinetic energy of the flow
C. Datum energy of the flow
D. Both A and B
Answer: Option D

9. Specific energy curve is plot of …

A. Specific energy Vs Depth of flow

B. Kinetic energy Vs Depth of flow
C. Datum energy Vs Depth of flow
D. None of the above
Answer: Option A
10. Specific force diagram is plot of …

A. Specific force Vs Kinetic energy

B. Specific force Vs Depth of flow
C. Specific force Vs Potential energy
D. None of the above
Answer: Option B

11. Depth discharge diagram for constant specific energy is plot of …

A. Discharge per unit width Vs Kinetic energy

B. Discharge per unit width Vs Depth of flow
C. Discharge per unit width Vs Potential energy
D. None of the above
Answer: Option B

12. Channel transition is useful in which of the following?

A. Change in width of channel

B. Change in alignment of channel
C. Provision of hump in the channel
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D

13. When the Froude number is less than 1, the flow is called…

A. Supercritical
B. Sub-critical
C. Critical
D. All of the above
Answer: Option B

14. When the Froude number is greater than 1, the flow is called…

A. Supercritical
B. Sub-critical
C. Critical
D. All of the above
Answer: Option A

15. When the Froude number is equal to 1, the flow is called…

A. Supercritical
B. Sub-critical
C. Critical
D. All of the above
Answer: Option C
16. The section factor for critical flow computation of channel is the product of the …

A. Water area and hydraulic depth

B. Water area and the square root of the hydraulic depth
C. Water area and the square of the hydraulic depth
D. None of the above
Answer: Option B

17. Find the specific energy of flowing water through a rectangular channel of width 5 m
when the discharge is 10 m3/s and depth of water is 3m.

A. 4.5557
B. 5.6899
C. 3.0226
D. 3.2299
Answer: Option C

18. Find the critical depth in m of flowing water through a rectangular channel of width 5
m , when the discharge is 15 m3/s.

A. 0.972
B. 0.097
C. 0.999
D. 1.225
Answer: Option A

19. Find the critical velocity in m/s of flowing water through a rectangular channel of
width 5 m, when the critical depth is 0.972m.

A. 0.972
B. 3.055
C. 3.088
D. 1.225
Answer: Option C

20. The water is flowing through a rectangular channel of width 8 m, if the critical depth
is 0.71m, Calculate value of minimum specific energy in m.

A. 1.665
B. 1.565
C. 1.065
D. 1.225
Answer: Option C

21. A 8 m wide rectangular channel conveys 15 m3/s of water at a depth of 1.2m.

Calculate Froude number and state whether the flow is subcritical or supercritical.
 A. 0.455, subcritical
B. 1.565, supercritical
C. 0.965, subcritical
D. None of the above
Answer: Option A

22. The specific energy for a 3 m wide rectangular channel is to be 3 Nm/N. What would
be the critical depth in m?

A. 2.5
B. 2.25
C. 2
D. 1.789
Answer: Option C

23. The specific energy for a 3 m wide rectangular channel is to be 3 Nm/N. If critical
depth is 2 m, what would be maximum possible discharge in m3/s?

A. 26.15
B. 32.25
C. 26.58
D. 11.78
Answer: Option C

24. The specific energy for a 3 m wide rectangular channel is to be 3 Nm/N. If critical
depth is 2 m, what would be critical velocity in m/s?

A. 1.555
B. 4.43
C. 6.58
D. 1.78
Answer: Option B

25. The Froude number of flow in a rectangular channel is 0.6. If the depth of flow is 2.2
m, find the velocity of flow in m/s.

A. 2.988
B. 2.688
C. 2.788
D. 2.678
Answer: Option C