WEEK 3

Proving the Midline Theorem

Background Information for Learners

Midline Theorem states that the segment that joins the midpoints of two side of a triangle
is parallel to the third side and half as long.
• Midline/Midsegment is a segment joining the midpoints of any two sides of a triangle.
• Midpoint is a point that divides a line segment into two equal parts.
• Parallel ( Kahilira ) lines/segments are 2or more lines/segments that are always the same
distance apart and never meet or touch . ( symbol: //- “is parallel to” )
• Consider ∆ ACT
Midline: ’𝑋𝑌’’’ ; 𝑋𝑌’’’’ // ’𝐶𝑇’’’
A
Midline
Midpoints ; pt. X and pt. Y

X Y Pt. X is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶’’’’. Thus, 𝐴𝑋’’’’

≅ 𝐶𝑋’’’’

Pt. Y in the midpoint of ’𝐴𝑇’’’. Thus, 𝐴𝑌’’’’ ≅ 𝑇𝑌

.

According to the midline theorem using symbols

C T
based from the given figure,
Midpoints

Now, to prove the theorem, use a ruler to measure 𝑋𝑌’’’’ and ’𝐶𝑇’’’. What did you find? Compare
their measurements. You are correct. The measure of ’𝑋𝑌’’’ is half the measure of ’𝐶𝑇’’’ or the
measure of ’𝐶𝑇’’’ is twice the measure of 𝑋𝑌’’’’.
As an application of the theorem, consider the following examples using the figure. Suppose:
1. The length of 𝐶𝑇’’’’ = 10 cm, the length of ’𝑋𝑌’’’ is 5cm. How?
Substitute with the given
( 10 cm ) Divide 10 by 2. So, ’𝑋𝑌’’’ = 5 cm
2. If 𝐶𝑇’’’’ = 21 cm ; ’𝑋𝑌’’’ = ________
Substitute 21 to ’𝐶𝑇’’’
( 21 ) Divide 21 by 2. So, ’𝑋𝑌’’’ = 10.5 cm
3. If 𝑋𝑌’’’’= 13 CM ; ’𝐶𝑇’’’ = ________
Substitute 𝑋𝑌’’’’
13 cm = ! or 13 = Multiply both sides of the equation by
2.
2 ( 13 = )2 So, 26 cm = 𝐶𝑇’’’’. or ’𝐶𝑇’’’ = 26 cm

4. If 𝑋𝑌’’’’= 5.3 cm ; ’𝐶𝑇’’’ = ________

Substitute 𝑋𝑌’’’’
 5.3 = or 5.3 = Multiply both sides of the equation by 2.
2 ( 5.3 )2 So, 10.6 cm = ’𝐶𝑇’’’ or ’𝐶𝑇’’’ = 10.6 cm

Directions: Read and understand the following activities. Answer with honesty.
Activity 1:
A. Given: In ∆ CBN, A & I are midpoint of 𝐶𝐵’’’’& 𝑁𝐵’’’’, respectively. Answer the following:
C N

A I

B Solution Answer

1. If ’𝐶𝑁’’’ = 15 cm, what is ’𝐴𝐼’’? __________________ _________

2. If 𝐴𝐼’’’ = 10.5 cm, how long is ’𝐶𝑁’’’? __________________ _________

3. If 𝐵𝑁’’’’ = 52 cm, how long is ’𝐵𝐼’’? __________________ _________

4. If 𝐶𝐴’’’’ = 25 cm, how long is ’𝐶𝐵’’’ ? __________________ _________

5. If 𝐴𝐵’’’’ = 7 cm and 𝑁𝐼’’’’ = 8 cm, what is ’𝐶𝐵’’’ + ’𝐵𝑁’’’?

__________________ _________
B. Given figure:
H

O
B M

1. If ’𝐿𝑀’’’ = ( 3x – 2 ) cm & 𝐻𝑂’’’’ = ( 9x – 13 ) cm

a. What is the value of x?

b. How long is ’𝐿𝑀’’’ ?

c. How long is ’𝐻𝑂’’’ ?

2. = ( 2y – 1 ) cm and ’𝑀𝑂’’’’ = ( y + 5 ) cm,

a. What is the value of y?

b. How long is ’𝐵𝐻’’’ ?

c. How long is ’𝑀𝑂’’’’ ?

Answer Key
Activity 1
A. 1. ’𝐴𝐼’’ = 7.5 cm B. 1. a. x = 3
2. = 21 cm b. 𝐿𝑀’’’’ = 7
cm
3. ’𝐵𝐼’’ = 26 cm c. 𝐻’’’𝑂’ = 14
cm 4. ’𝐶𝐵’’’ = 50 cm 2. a. y = 6
5. ’𝐶𝐵’’’ + 𝐵𝑁’’’’= 30 cm b. 𝐵𝐻’’’’ = 22 cm
c. ’𝑀𝑂’’’’ = 11 cm
Proving Theorems on Trapezoids and Kites

Background Information for Learners

A. Proving Theorems on Trapezoid (Midsegment)
Trapezoid is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of opposite sides parallel.
• Parts of a trapezoid:
1. Bases are the parallel sides.
2. Legs are the nonparallel sides.
3. Base angles are angles formed by a base and a leg.
4. Median is a line segment that joins the midpoints of the nonparallel sides of a
trapezoid.
Consider: LOVE is a trapezoid
V E
* Bases : ’𝑉𝐸’’’ and 𝑂𝐿’’’’
M B * Legs : 𝑉𝑂’’’’ and ’𝐸𝐿’’’
* Base Angles : O, L, V & E
* M is the midpoint of ’𝑉’’𝑂’, B is the midpoint of 𝐸𝐿’’’’
O L Therefore, 𝑀𝐵’’’’’is a median

The Mid-segment Theorem of a Trapezoid states that the median of a trapezoid is parallel
to each base and its length is half the sum of the bases. In symbols : M = where, M = median;
b1 = base 1 and b2 = base. Bases can be interchanged.
In the figure, the median is 𝑀𝐵’’’’’ and the bases are 𝑉𝐸’’’’ and 𝑂𝐿’’’’ , therefore :
or
.
Now, use a ruler to measure the lengths of the bases and median of the given trapezoid
LOVE. Compare the length of the median ’𝑀𝐵’’’’ to the sum of the lengths of the bases ’𝑉𝐸’’’ and
’𝑂𝐿’’’. You should come up with, the length of the median ’𝑀𝐵’’’’ is half the sum of the lengths of
the bases
’𝑉𝐸’’’ and 𝑂𝐿’’’’.

Examples: 1. Suppose ’𝑉𝐸’’’ = 8 cm and ’𝑂𝐿’’’ = 14 cm, how ling is ’𝑀𝐵’’’’ ?

, substitute with the given
= 11 cm Add 8 & 14 then divide it by 2
2. If 𝐸’’’’ = 4.2 m and 𝑂𝐿’’’’ = 3.6 m, find ’𝑀𝐵’’’’.
, substitute with the given
= 3.9 m Add 4.2 & 3.6 then divide it by 2

3. If ’𝑀𝐵’’’’ = 6 cm and 𝑂𝐿’’’’ = 8 c m, find 𝑉𝐸’’’’.

Substitute with the
’( & + -.
given
"
6 cm ’( & + -. = Multiply both sides of the
"
)2 :
equation by 2
2(6 cm = 12 cm = 𝑉𝐸’’’’ + 8 cm Transpose 8 cm to the right side
of the equation.
12 cm – 8 cm = 𝑉𝐸’’’’ Simplify. So, ’𝑉𝐸’’’ = 4 cm
4. If 𝐵’’’’’ = 8.5 in and 𝑉𝐸’’’’ = 5 in, find 𝑂𝐿’’’’.
, substitute with the given
8.5 in = Multiply both sides of the equation by 2
4 56 & )*
2( 8.5 in = "
)2 : 17 in = 5 in + ’𝑂𝐿’’’ Transpose 5 in to the right side
of the equation.
17 in – 5 in = ’𝑂𝐿’’’ Simplify. So, 𝑂𝐿’’’’ = 12 in.

B. Proving Theorems on Trapezoid ( Isosceles Trapezoid )

Isosceles Trapezoid is a trapezoid with its two nonparallel sides equal.
Illustration: Isosceles Trapezoid HOPE
H base O
1. Legs are the nonparallel sides of an
Isosceles trapezoid and are always congruent.
’ ’ ’ ’ ; 𝐻𝐸
’ ’ ’ ’ and 𝑂𝑃
𝐻𝐸 ’’ ’’
’ ’ ’ ’ 𝑂𝑃
2. Base angles are pair of angles that share the same base.
∠H & ∠O; ∠E &∠P
leg leg
3. Opposite angles are non-adjacent angles formed by two
intersecting lines. ∠H & ∠P; ∠E &∠O

E P 4.Diagonal is a line segment connecting the opposite

base
corners of a polygon through its vertex.
’ ’ ’ ’ and 𝑂𝐸
𝐻𝑃 ’’’’

Theorems on Isosceles Trapezoid:

1. The base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
2. Opposite angles of an isosceles trapezoid are supplementary.
3. The diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
*Supplementary angles are angles whose sum of the measures is 180⁰.
* Congruent means two figures or objects that have the same shape and size. Measurements
are equal. ( Symbol :
To prove these theorems, you can draw isosceles trapezoid similar to the given illustration. Use
protractor to measure the base angles and opposite angles. Use ruler to measure the diagonals. What did
you find?
Are the theorems true? (m represents measure of the angle)
For examples: 1. If m H = 30⁰, what is m O? It is 30⁰. Applying theorem 1.
a. Use the same given in, what is m P? Applying theorem 2.
Subtract 30⁰ from 180⁰ or 180⁰ - 30⁰ = 150⁰ m P = 150⁰
b. What about m E? m E =150⁰ Applying 1 or 2.
c. If 𝐻𝑃8888 = 8cm. how long is 𝐸𝑂8888 ? 8 cm. Applying theorem 3.
Diagonals of isosceles trapezoid are always congruent
d. What if 8𝐻𝐸888 = 7 cm, how long is 8𝑂𝑃888? 7 cm Legs of isosceles
trapezoid are congruent.
C. Proving Theorems on Kite
Kite is defined as quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent and congruent sides

Theorems on kite:
1. The diagonals of a kite are perpendicular.
2. The longer diagonal of a kite bisects the shorter one.
• Perpendicular means two lines or segments meet at a right angles (90⁰ ). ( Symbol : )
• Bisect means to divide into two equal parts.
Draw kite similar to kite CUTE. (See Illustration above )
Use Protractor to measure all the angles at point X. How many degrees is each angle? Yes each of the
angles is a right angle that measures 90⁰. Now since all the angles at point X is 90⁰ therefore you can say
now that diagonals of kite CUTE are perpendicular. ( 𝑇8888 ⊥ 𝑈𝐸8888 )
Now you can also prove theorem no. 2 by actual measuring. Use your illustration.
Measure the shorter diagonal ( 8𝐶𝑇888 ). Is the half equal to the length of 𝐶𝑋8888? Is it also equal to
the length of
8𝑇𝑋888? They should be. 8𝐶𝑋888 8𝑇𝑋888.
So you had proven that the theorems on kite are true by actual measuring. To apply these, study the
following examples: (Refer to same figure)
G
3

D 2
A E
4 1

5
M5

1. 8𝐴𝐺888 = 5 cm, 𝐴𝑀88888 = __________ 5

cm
2. 8𝐺𝐸888 = 12 cm, 8𝑀𝐸8888 = __________ 12
cm
3. 8𝐺𝑀8888 = 23 cm, 𝐷𝑀88888 = __________
11.5 cm
4. What is m 1? 90⁰
5. If m 2 = 25⁰ , give the measurements of angles 2 & 3. m 2 = 25 , m 3 = 65
6. If m 4 = 30⁰ , m GAM = ________ 60⁰

Directions: Read and understand the following activities. Answer with honesty.
Activity 1:
Directions: Give what is asked. Show your solutions.
Given: KIND is a trapezoid. X and Y are the midpoints of ’𝐾𝐷
’ ’ ’ and ’𝐼𝑁
’’’ , respectively.

K I

X Y

D N

Solution Answer

1. If 𝑁 = 44 cm and 𝐾𝐼 = 22 cm, find 𝑋𝑌. _____________________ __________

2. If 8𝐷𝑁 = 10.5 ft. and 𝐾𝐼 = 40 ft., find 𝑋𝑌. _____________________ __________

3. If 𝐼 = 45 in and 𝑋𝑌 = 28.4 in, find 𝐷𝑁. _____________________ __________ 4. If 𝑁 =

15 cm and 𝑋𝑌 = 18 cm, find 𝐾𝐼. _____________________ __________

5. If 𝑁 = ( x – 1 ) cm , 8𝑋𝑌 = ( 5x ) cm, and 𝐾𝐼 = 40 cm, find .

_____________________ __________
For nos. 6-8: If 𝐾𝐼 = (3𝑦 − 2)𝑚, 𝐷𝑁 = (2𝑦 + 4)cm and
6. Solve for y _____________________ __________

7. What is the length of 𝐾𝐼? _____________________ __________

8. How long is 𝐷𝑁? _____________________ __________

For nos. 9-

9. What is the value of y? _____________________ __________

10. Give the length of 𝑋𝑌. _____________________ __________

Activity 2:
Directions: Complete the following statements based on the given Isosceles Trapezoid WXYZ
with diagonals WY’’’’’ and ’XZ’’’ by identifying the theorem applied.
 W X

1. ’𝑊𝑌’’’’ = 8 cm, ’𝑋𝑍’’’ = _______

2. m WZY = 115⁰ , m WXY = ________
3. m ZWX = 60⁰ , m WXY = _________
4. m WXY = 100⁰ , Z Y m XYZ = _________
5. m XWZ = 50⁰ , m WZY = _________
6. ’𝑋𝑍’’’ = 15 cm, 𝑊𝑌’’’’’ = _________
7. ’𝑊𝑍’’’’ = 15 cm, ’𝑋𝑌’’’ = _________
8. ’𝑋𝑍’’’ = 20 cm, 𝑊𝑍’’’’’ = ________
9. ’𝑊𝑌’’’’ = (y + 3) cm, ’𝑋𝑍’’’ = ( 4y – 6 ) cm, find the value of y, lengths of 𝑊𝑌’’’’’ and 𝑋𝑍’’’’.
what is the value of x?

Activity 3:
Directions: Consider kite KLMN. Give what is asked. Write your answer on the blank provided.
M
3
L
2
1

N
4

1. Name the pairs of congruent and adjacent sides. _______________ & _____________
2. If 𝐿𝑀 = 6 cm, what is 𝑀 ? _____________
3. If 𝐾𝑁 = 10.5 cm, what is 𝐾𝐿? _____________
4. If m 2 = 63⁰, what is m 3? _____________
5. If m 3 = 31⁰, what is m LMN? ____________
6. If m 5 = 22⁰, what is m 4? ______________
7. If m LKN = 39⁰, what is m MKN? ______________
8. If m 4 = 70⁰, what is m KLN? ____________
9. If m NLK = 66⁰, what is m 5? ____________
10. If 𝑀 = 10 cm and 𝑀𝑁 = (x – 4) cm, what is the value of x? How long is 𝑀𝑁? ________
___________

Answer Key
Activity 1
1. 33 cm
2. 25.25 cm
3. 11.8 cm
 4. .
5. !" cm

cm
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. 16 cm
Answer 2:
1. 8 cm , Diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
2. 65⁰ , Opposite angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
3. 60⁰ , Base angles of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
4. 80⁰ , Opposite angles of isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
5. 130⁰ , Opposite angles of isosceles trapezoid are congruent
6. 15 cm. Diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
7. 11 cm, Legs of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
8. 20 cm , Legs of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
9. y = 3
10. 𝑊𝑌 = 6 cm , 𝑋𝑍’’’’ = 6 cm. Diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are congruent.

Activity 4
1. 𝐿𝑀 & 𝑀𝑁 and 𝐾𝐿 & 𝐾𝑁
2. 6 cm
3. 10.5 cm
4. 27⁰ 5. 62⁰
6. 68⁰
7. 19.5⁰
8. 70⁰
9. 24⁰
10. x = 15