Study of Inter-Laminar Shear Stress of Composite Structures

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013)
Study of Inter-laminar Shear stress of composite structures

Jeevan Ealias1, Lalmoni2, Jenny John Mattam3
1
M.Tech, Machine design& Saintgits college of Engineering
Abstract— Composite structures have many useful Inter-laminar shear stresses are the source of failure,
applications in the field of aerospace, civil infrastructure and unique characteristic of composite structure. The presence
construction. De-lamination is one of the major failure modes. of inter-laminar shear stress in the laminated composite
Inter-laminar shear stresses are the source of failure, unique leads to de-lamination.Inter-laminar shear stress arises due
in composite structures. The presence of inter-laminar shear
to various reasons. One is material property between layers.
stress at the interface leads to de-lamination, if it exceeds
beyond its strength and hence reduces the strength of All layers may have different properties depending upon
structural component. Inter-laminar shear stress arises due to the selection of fibres in lamina as well as its orientation.
various reasons. All layers may have different properties Inter-laminar shear stress is the out-of-plane stress σz, τxz,
depending upon the selection of fibres in lamina as well as its and τyz defined at the interface between layers in a
orientation. Inter-laminar shear stress is the out of plane laminated composite material [1]. The inter-laminar shear
stress σz, τxz and τyz at the interface between layers in stresses are important because they have a marked effect on
laminated composite structures. Inter-laminar shear stress the failure strength of composite laminate [7].Inter-laminar
would tend to delaminate at the interface. Classical laminate shear stress would tend to shear apart the interface in the
theory (CLT) assumed that components of all out of plane
corresponding directions. Classical laminate theory (CLT),
stress are zero. An appropriate evaluation of inter-laminar
shear stress leads to an accurate prediction of failure assumed that components of all out of plane stress are zero.
mechanism which is a challenging task for researchers and In-plane stress distribution in each layer of laminate are
analysts. The present study focuses for the determination of determined from the knowledge of the applied force and
inter-laminar shear stress of composite structures. The most moment resultant. Distribution of the inter-laminar shear
direct way to predict inter-laminar shear stress using solid stress in each layer from applied shear resultant is not
element but is very computation – intensive. Layered shell readily available from the standard lamination theory
elements are used for relatively thin structures. Layered solid equations. An appropriate evaluation of inter-laminar shear
element is used for thick structures but it has its own stress leads to an accurate prediction of failure mechanism.
limitations. A case study is carried out to compare afore-
An accurate estimation of inter-laminar shear stress is a
mentioned three approaches. The solution for the inter-
laminar shear stress distribution in an adhesive layer within a challenging task for researchers and analysts. Earlier there
bonded structure is highly complex. The present study was a challenge to understand inter-laminar shear stress.
provides an analytical method to determine the inter- Numerous investigators have used a variety of method to
laminar shear stress of adhesive bonded structures using attempt to calculate these inter-laminar shear stresses.
graded mesh. Distribution of inter-laminar shear stress for Various approaches such as finite difference, 3D finite
bending load is found out using Finite element software element, closed-form analytical approach, using mixed
ANSYS. element formation and stress based methods, boundary
layer theories and layer-wise theories have been used to
Keywords—Inter-laminar shear stress, Laminate,De-
lamination
calculate inter-laminar shear stress near free edge. The
present study focuses for the determination of inter-laminar
I. INTRODUCTION shear stress of composite structures. Detail investigation of
inter-laminar shear stress distribution under mechanical
Laminated composite plates have many industry loading. There are three elements are used for predicting
applications in the felid of bridge and bodywork inter-laminar shear stress using finite element analysis. The
construction, aero planes, mechanical, automobile most direct way to accurately predict inter-laminar shear
industries etc .This is because of its high specific stiffness, stress using solid brick element. It has large number of
and high specific strength, corrosion resistance and low element in thickness direction. Such high number of
coefficient of thermal expansion etc[6].The main advantage element leads to extreme long computation time. Layered
of composite material is that one can choose the material shell elements are used for relatively thin structures.
according to the directional stiffness and strength in a Layered solid element is used for thick structures. Consider
specific direction.De-lamination is one of the major the case of fixed plate with load at centre.
damage modes in laminated composite materials.
543
The variation of inter-laminar shear stress through the II. SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF ISOTROPIC
thickness direction is found out using these elements. Solid LAMINATED PLATE
element was selected for accurate prediction of inter- Consider the case in which bending of plate results in a
laminar shear stress distribution from the analysis. A generalized planar stress distribution. Normal stress
cantilever plate subjected to uniformly distributed load at component σz is zero at all points of the plate and the
end is examined using FE software ANSYS .The shearing stress component τxz and τyz are zero on the
distribution of inter-laminar shear stress through the surface z=±h/2 of the plate. The deflection of a rectangular
thickness will be compared with available literature.Inter- plate clamped along one edge and uniformly loaded along
laminar shear stress distribution through thickness direction the opposite edge (figure) represents an example of such
of orthotropic and angle ply laminate are found out using bending. From the theory of bending of rectangular beam
FE software. Agreement between the results will show the we know that in this case σz=0 at all point of the plate and
validity and accuracy of the proposed FE element. τxz is zero on the surface of the plate and varies along depth
Select the better element used for the determination of of the plate according to the parabolic law [8].
inter-laminar shear stress of adhesive bonded structure.
Sandwich composite structure is an example of adhesive
bonded structure. Sandwich composite structure with τxz=
stiffed composite face sheets bonded to the low-density
core. Sandwich composite structures are widely used in
man-made satellites, rocket, and missile, automotive and
aero plane. The main role of face sheet is to carry structural
loads. The core acts to separate the face sheets and increase
the moment of inertia of the panel with littlie increasing in
weight .It is an efficient structure for resisting structural
loads, the most common and dangerous failure in between
face sheets and core is interfacial de-bonding. This is due to
inter-laminar shear stress. A honey comb sandwich
structure consist a pair of thin, facings to carry the
structural loadings. A thick, light weight core is to separate
Figure 1: Geometry of isotropic cantilever plate
the facings to carry the loads the structural loading. Two
aluminum layers are capable of transmitting shear loads to Problem detention
and from the core. Two aluminum layers are joined using a A cantilever plate of young’s modulus of 40GPa of
thermo set adhesive. The solution for inter-laminar stress length 10mm having a cross section 4mm wide and 1mm
distribution in an adhesive layer within a bonded structure deep. At one end 4.7355N force is applied in transverse
is highly complex due to the predominantly inelastic nature direction. In this section, the 3-D solid element with one
of the polymeric adhesive. The present study provides an inter-laminar shear stress through thickness direction
analytical method for determine the inter-laminar shear studied. The configuration of the laminate and the
stress of adhesive bonded structure using graded mesh. coordinate system are shown in figure. The inter-laminar
Two aluminum plates are bonded using thermo set shear stress pattern obtained by the present study compared
adhesive. In case of bending, variation of inter-laminar with available one in the literature [4]. In the plate stiffness
shear stress through the thickness at the thin adhesive layer vary only across layer boundaries and thus, the integration
is found out using Finite element software ANSYS. In may be performed on the layer by layer basis in the
adhesive bonded joints, cohesive and adhesive failure due analytical fashion. For the purpose of convergence study of
to inter-laminar shear stress. The inter-laminar shear stress laminated cantilever plate with the tip transverse load is
values of these failure zone are directly determined from considered. Consider a four layer plate (l=10mm, b=4mm)
the analysis. with thickness t=1mm. All the degrees of freedom are
restrained at one end. Constant load 4.7355N is equally
distributes in z direction at other end.
544
In solid element free edge inter-laminar stress values are
not zero. It gives more accurate values of inter-laminar
shear stress at the interface of different material. The
neutral axis is at the mid plane (z=0).
Top and bottom surface of the plates are free. So shear
stress at the top and bottom of the plates are zero.
Maximum shear stress at the neutral axis is given by
Shear stress, τxz =
Figure 2: Geometry of laminated plate in bending
The bending of isotropic laminated plate was examined Where Q =

using 3-D FEM software ANSYS. Laminated plate consists
of different cases. The plate subjected transverse loading at P =Total force =4.736N
one end. All the degree of freedom retained at one end. The
transverse shear stress component computed by 3D-FEM b =Width of the plate = 4mm
software ANSYS. 0.0105N forces distributed in to 11×41
nodes. This method does not consider the solution of i.e. Q = =1.184N/mm
particular boundary value problem. It requires only
knowledge of the global shear loading, geometry and h=Thickness of the plate = 1mm
material property of laminate. The presented analysis has
been validated for laminates with one to four layers Z=0 (Neutral axis at the mid-plane)
composed of isotropic materials by comparison to available
literature [9]. Shear stresses (τxz) shown in the results were
taken at x = 5 and y=2 (middle of the domain) in order to τxz= =
ensure that the edge effects do not influence the results
Shear stress distribution through the thickness varies
parabolicaly. The shear stress distribution reduces to the
beam theory parabolic expression. The inter-laminar shear
stress distribution is zero at free surface and continues at
ply boundaries. In solid element free edge inter-laminar
stress values are not zero. It gives more accurate values of
inter-laminar shear stress at the interface of different
material. The neutral axis is at the mid plane (z=0). The
maximum value at mid plane (z=0) equal to 1.486Mpa.
Figure 3: Loading and boundary condition of cantilever plate
Following material property used in laminated plate.

Monolithic Material
Young’s modulus = 40000Mpa
Analysis result From Literature[9]
Poisons ratio = 0.25
Shear stress distribution through the thickness varies Analysis Bi material (Stiffer on bottom): The results for
parabolicaly. The shear stress distribution reduces to the this case are shown in figure. As in Case 2, the resulting
beam theory parabolic expression. The inter-laminar shear shear distribution is Piece-wise parabolic with the peak
stress distribution is zero at free surface and continues at occurring in the stiffer material at the location of the
ply boundaries. neutral axis (z* = –0.15).
545
The analysis results are excellent agreement with Distance between C.G of the equivalent section of
available literature. Theoretically the location of neutral material 2 and bottom face
axis is where Piece-wise parabolic with the peak occurring
in the stiffer material. Here two material having same
poisons ratio Property of materials
Material 1: E=40GPa, Poisons ratio=0.25 The location of neutral axis from centre =
Material 2: E=10GPa, Poisons ratio=0.25 .5-.35=0.15mm
Similarly plot equivalent cross section of material 1.
Stiffer on bottom: The results for this case are shown in
figure. As in Case 2, the resulting shear distribution is
Piece-wise parabolic with the peak occurring in the stiffer
material at the location of the neutral axis (z* = –0.15). The
analysis results are excellent agreement with available
literature.
Theoretically the location of neutral axis is where Piece-

wise parabolic with the peak occurring in the stiffer
material. Here two material having same poisons ratio
Property of materials .
Material 1: E=40GPa, Poisons ratio=0.25 Analysis result From Literature[9]
Material 2: E=10GPa, Poisons ratio=0.25 Case 3: Analysis of three layer (soft inner plies)
The cross section of laminate is shown in figure (a). In Here four layers isotropic materials with soft inner plies
this case, the two materials act as a single unit and thus will are used .The results for this case are shown in figure.
have single neutral axis. Because the laminate is symmetric, the shear distribution is
symmetric as well, with maximum at the laminate mid
plane. The analysis result has excellent agreement with
literature. The maximum value of inter-laminar shear stress
Let us convert composite section in to an equivalent is at mid plane equal to 1.327MPa.
section of material 2 as shown in figure (b). The equivalent
section of material 2 is obtained by multiplying the
dimension of material 1 in the direction parallel to the
N.A.by modular ratio between material 1 and material 2.
Material 1 Material 2
.5mm Analysis result From Literature[9]
.5mm .5mm Material 2 Case 4: Analysis of three layer (soft outer plies) :
Material 2
4mm 16mm Four layers isotropic materials with outer inner plies are
used .The results for this case are shown in figure. Because
(a) Composite laminate (b) Equivalent section of material 2 the laminate is symmetric, the shear distribution is
The width of material 1 parallel to N.A is 4mm.Hence symmetric as well, with maximum at the laminate mid
equivalent material 2 width for the steel plate will be 4×4 plane. The analysis result (pattern only) has excellent
=16mm. This is shown in figure (b). agreement with literature.
546
In the case of isotropic four layer materials, the shear
stress distribution reduces to the beam theory parabolic
expression. Consider six cases, including monolithic
materials, three layer isotropic materials with soft inner
plies, soft outer plies and soft adjacent plies. The variation
of shear stress (as implemented in ANSYS) is compared
with the available literature presented by R.J.C. Nasa
publications [9] and Creemers[10].
Case 5: Analysis of four layers with different stiffness and III. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
equal poisons ratio: This chapter deals with the finite element modeling and
The model having finite element size .125mm and analysis of the isotropic plate subjected to shear loading.
keeping aspect ratio equal to one.0.0159N force is It’s mainly for determination of one inter-laminar shear
distributed 33×9 nodes end of plate. The results for the four stress through thickness direction using FEA software
layer cases are shown in figure. The peak occurs in the ANSYS. Three analyses are carried out by using solid
lower half of the laminate, which contains the stiffer element, shell element and layered solid element. Analysis
materials. The maximum value of inter-laminar shear stress of shell and solid element using ANASYS software
is at lower half of the laminate equal to 1.461MPa. (Current Version 13).Analysis of layered solid using
ANSYS (Current Version 10).
Methods of Predicting Inter- laminar shear stress.
Three elements are mainly used for the determination of
inter-laminar shear stress of composite structures. The best
method of predicting inter-laminar shear stresses is to
create a mesh of 3D solid elements, with at least one and
ideally more than one element through the thickness of
Analysis result From Literature[9] each layer of laminate. The inter-laminar shear stresses can
then be extracted directly from the full stress tensor, noting
Case 6: Analysis of Bi material with different poisons ratio: that σz, τxz, and τyz are all continuous across the layer
This case is identical to Case 2 except that the Poisson boundaries (the corresponding strains are not necessarily
ratios of the layers have been changed. The bottom (stiffer) continuous across layer boundaries)[2]. Assuming that
layer is given a Poisson ratio = 0.45, while the top (more composite structure is relatively thin is used layered shell
compliant) layer is given a Poisson ratio = 0.05. The results element. The efficiency comes from the fact that only one
shown in figure indicate that the Poisson ratio mismatch shell element is required through the thickness, because
causes a slight shifting of the shear stress distribution and shell theory is built into the element formulation. The
amplification of the maximum compared to the Case 3 disadvantages of this approach are that shell theory
results, which employed equal Poisson ratios assumes σz is zero, so this inter-laminar stress component
will not be calculated. Shell theory also assumes that the
out-of-plane shear strains are zero, i.e. γxz and γyz are zero,
which means the inter-laminar shear stresses cannot be
calculated directly from the stress-strain relationship [2]. If
the composite structure is not thin, use layered solid. It has
their own problems. It wills often stacking to ensure good
global deflection and stiffness characterization. This
complicates the inter-laminar stress calculation because the
zero stress assumption at the top and bottom may not be
From the analysis plot the out of plane shear stress (τxz) clear for a complex, curved geometry.
variation through the thickness. Take nodal values through
the thickness from centre at a distance of 5mm.
547
The finite element analysis code is internally calculating
the strain tensor in each element from the nodal
displacements, and all the strains, including the inter-
laminar strains, are assumed continuous. . Once the
material properties are applied to obtain layer stresses, the
inter-laminar stress distribution through the layers is
discontinuous, which is exactly opposite of what it should
be [2].
Analysis of Two layered Isotropic Material
Prediction of shear stress in xz direction through the two
layers of composite material using brick solid 185,Shell
281and layered solid 191.Brick solid 185 consists of two Figure 5: solid Model acted upon by loads and constraints.
equal thickness isotropic layers, one stiffer than other.
Eight solid elements are in the thickness direction (four
elements through each layer) direction. Shell 281 consist
four equal thickness isotropic layers. Two adjacent layer
stiffer than other two adjacent layers. In each layer consists
of top, middle and bottom layers. Layered solid 191
consists of only one solid element through the thickness. It
consist two equal thickness isotropic layers. Two adjacent
layer stiffer than other two adjacent layers. In each layer
consists of top, middle and bottom layers. Geometry of the
isotropic plate with coordinate system is shown in Figure1.
Input data used
Dimension of plate: 100mm×40mm×10mm ,Layer 1: Figure 6: shell Model acted upon by loads and constraint
Steel (Young’s modulus: 210000MPa, Poisons ratio: .3),
Layer 2: Aluminum (Young’s modulus: 68670MPa,
Poisons ratio: .3)
Modeling and meshing are shown in figure 2.The 2-D
cross section model is generated in the XY plane, where
global z-axis is the transverse direction .The area is extrude
about the Z-axis to get the 3-D model of the isotropic plate.
The 2-D model is meshed with shell 281element. The 3-D
model is meshed with solid 185 and layered solid 191 for
carrying out the structural analysis. Refinements are made
wherever it is required to simulate the actual situation.
Figure7: Layered solid Model acted upon by loads and constraints
In figure 2 all the degrees of freedom are restrained at

the both end. The load applied at the midpoint of the plate.
10000N load is applied at mid point in Z direction
(transverse direction).1111.11N load distributed in to nine
nodes at the centre. In figure 3 all the degrees of freedom
are restrained at the both ends. The loads are applied at the
midpoint of plate. 10000N load is applied at midpoint end
in Z direction (transverse direction). In figure 4 all the
degrees of freedom are restrained at the both ends.
Figure 4: Geometry of the isotropic plate
548
The loads are applied at the middle end. 10000N load is The best method is using multiple solid element method.
applied at other end in Z direction Take 9 nodal values The shell element not gives correct inter-laminar shear
through the thickness of solid element taken at a distance stress variation at the interface of soft and stiffer material.
30mm from centre to X direction and 10mm from Y The accuracy in modeling composite shells is governed by
direction. Layer wise information of shell element through the first-order shear-deformation theory (usually referred to
the thickness gives the variation of inter-laminar shear as Mindlin-Reissner shell theory).According to this theory
stress. In each layer of steel and aluminum consists of top, the element formulation is based on logarithmic strain and
bottom and middle layers. Table1 shows inter-laminar true stress measures. The element kinematics allow for
shear stress distribution through the thickness of solid, shell finite membrane strains (stretching). However, the
and layered solid element. curvature changes within a time increment are assumed to
Table 1
be small. Actual variation of inter-laminar shear stress at
Inter-laminar shear stress through thickness interface higher compared to shell element.
Thickness Solid Shell Layered
Element Element solid element
(mm) τxz(MPa) τxz(MPa) τxz(MPa)
0 4.22 0 3.89
1.25 9.18 8.09 -
2.5 15.27 16.18 14 Figure 8.1:Analatical Result Figure 8.2:Result from literature[9]
3.75 17.30 16.13 - From figures 5.1 and 5.2 inter-laminar stress prediction
using layered solid less accurate due to sudden jump the
5 16.17 16.07 20.79,6.98 value at the inter face .so the variation of inter-laminar
shear stress discontinuous at interface. If structure is thin
6.25 13.89 13.38 - shell is the best method. But assumption using shell theory
is opposing inter-laminar stress prediction. The best
7.5 10.50 10.699 7.93 method is using multiple solid element method.
8.75 5.762 5.35 - IV. ANALYSIS OF INTER-LAMINAR SHEAR STRESS OF AN

ADHESIVE BONDED STRUCTURE
10 2.56 0 7.97 Analyze the variation of inter-laminar shear stress at the
thin adhesive layer. In this study the inter-laminar shear
Result and discussion stress analysis of an adhesively bonded face sheets
The best method is to use multiple solid elements subjected to a bending load was carried out. Due to bending
through each layer. The structure is thin and behaves like a the deformation take place in adhesive and aluminum
shell; layered shell elements typically provide a good adherends.The inter-laminar shear stress in adhesive cause
prediction of inter-laminar shear stresses If the structure is cohesive failure and inter-laminar shear stress between
not thin, and you cannot use multiple or even one solid adhered and adhesive cause adhesive failure will be take
element through each layer, your best bet is to use layered place. This structure was analyzed by using 3D FEA
solids to predict the global response, and then sub- Software ANSYS (current version 13).The variation of
modeling techniques using several solid elements through inter-laminar shear stress through the thickness direction
the layer thickness to obtain accurate inter-laminar stresses was determined. Solid element gives clear picture of
in the critical regions. From figure inter-laminar stress adhesive and cohesive failure zone of ILSS. In the finite
prediction using layered solid less accurate due to sudden element method, any continuous structure is divided to
jump the value at the inter face .So the variation of inter- small region having the same properties and with finite size
laminar shear stress discontinuous at interface. If structure and including nodes at their corner and edges [3]. The
is thin shell is the best method. But assumption using shell elements are connected through these nodes. Graded mesh
theory is opposing inter-laminar stress prediction. pattern shown in figure.
549
From previous chapters showing that interlaminar shear
stress through the thickness varying in parabolic fashion.
But at small adhesive layer these parabolic fashion shoud
have some changes due to mismatching the property of
adhesive and aluminum layer.So fisrt analyse the variation
of ILSS through the thickess considering full thickess of
aluminium material.Then considering varing stiffness of
Figure 9: Graded mesh pattern of thin adhesive joint 1mm adhesive layer.Then increse the thickness of adhesive
This extra facing of aluminum is used for joining of layer from 1mm to 4mm and apply material having similar
honeycomb structures in space vehicles. The strength of stiffness.Finaly analyse the adhesive bonded plate using
adhesive is most important factor. In this study analyze the epoxy resin adhesive. A transverse load of 20KN is applied
variation of inter laminar shear stress in thin adhesive layer at centre. All Degree of freedom of two short sides of
in bending. plates are arrested.
Finite element analysis of adhesive boned joint

The solid element type is also important in modeling the
structure and to achieve a reasonably accurate solution.4-
node solid 185 element with two integration point were
used to model adhesive and aluminium adherend.A
commercial FEA software ANSYS (Current version 13)
was used to solve the problem. In between two layer of
aluminum steel having size 4mm, a 1mm adhesive is
bonded. The FEA analysis of this laminate is done by
using graded mesh. The analysis is done by using non
linear FEA method. In this FEA method, any continuous
structure is divided to small region having same properties
and with finite size including nodes at their corner edge and
end. In this modeling give accurate solution keeping good Figure 11: Model with loading and constraints
aspect ratio of fine size. Eight node brick element used to From case(a) to case(c) the inter-laminar shear stress (τxz
model two Aluminium layers and fine adhesive layer. and τyz) through the thickness direction was plotted at a
The geometry of model used for analysis is shown in distance 25mm from x direction and 10mm from y
figure. Where dimension is taken as Length (l) =100mm in direction.Unaverage value of inter-laminar shear stress are
X direction, breadth (b) =40mm in Y direction, Thickness shown in figure.
(t) =8mm in Z direction. Greded mesh used for analysis is shown in figure.
Figure12: Graded mesh pattern

Figure 10: Geometry of adhesive bonded joint
Analysis of varying stiffness of Adhesive Case (a): The modulus of elasticity of adhesive layer is
Consider different cases of varing the stiffness of equal to 10GPa and poisons ratio equal to 0.3.
adhesive layer and adhesive thickness.
550
Finite element analysis using solid element only give
this information. Shell and layered solid is not suitable to
provide this kind of information. So these elements are
rejected for this particular analysis.
Consider epoxy resin used for join two face
sheets.Youngs modulus of epoxy resin equal to 4.5GPa and
poisons ratio equal to 0.3. Figure shows inter-laminar shear
stress (τxz and τyz) through the thickness direction at a
Case (b): The modulus of elasticity of adhesive layer is distance 25mm from x direction and 10mm from y
equal to .1GPa and poisons ratio equal to 0.3 direction. The Maximum allowable shear stress of epoxy
resin is 50MPa.From analysis maximum inter-laminar
shear stress τxz at adhesive layer equal to 44.05MPa and at
adhesive to aluminum interface is 4.85MPa.So the adhesive
bond is free from adhesive and cohesive Failure at that
particular region.
V. CONCLUSION
Case(c): The modulus of elasticity of adhesive layer is Compare the variation of inter-laminar shear stress
equal to .001GPa and poisons ratio equal to 0.3 through the thickness direction using FEA software
ANSYS of isotropic material with available literature with
different cases. All the analysis results are excellent
agreement with available literature. Solid element is
suitable for the analysis inter-laminar shear stress of thin
adhesive layer. Shell and layered solid element are rejected.
Shell element not gives inter-laminar shear stress variation
at interface during bending. In layered solid a sudden jump
of inter-laminar shear stress is take place at interface. So
these two elements are rejected. It is validate by using FEA
In case 1 value of τxz at the centre equal to 43.44MPa software ANSYS. For the determination of inter-laminar
and value of τyz at the centre equal to 1.343MPa. Case 2 shear stress of thin adhesive layer graded mesh pattern is
value of at τxz at the centre equal to 16.71MPa and τyz at the used. Cohesive and adhesive failure takes place due to the
centre equal .505Mpa. In case 3 value of τxz at the centre inter-laminar shear stress. This paper suggests an analytical
equal to .241MPa and value of τyz at the centre equal to method used for the determination of thin adhesive layer.
.005MPa. The adhesive adherent interface two value of
inter laminar shear stresses are arise due to mismatching VI. FUTURE WORK
the elastic property of adherend and adhesive. Inter laminar
shear stress value is depend upon the stiffness of the Using integration inter-laminar shear stress is
determined by equilibrium equation. The variation stress is
adhesive layer. In case 1 to 3 the stiffness of thin adhesive
determined from analysis.
layer decreases from 10GPa to .001GPa.Inter laminar shear
stress value of τxz adhesive at the centre location is REFERENCES
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552

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Study of Inter-laminar Shear stress of composite structures

Shear stress, τxz =

Figure 2: Geometry of laminated plate in bending

The bending of isotropic laminated plate was examined Where Q =

Figure 3: Loading and boundary condition of cantilever plate

Following material property used in laminated plate.

Analysis result From Literature[9]

Theoretically the location of neutral axis is where Piece-

Figure7: Layered solid Model acted upon by loads and constraints

In figure 2 all the degrees of freedom are restrained at

1.25 9.18 8.09 -

8.75 5.762 5.35 - IV. ANALYSIS OF INTER-LAMINAR SHEAR STRESS OF AN

Finite element analysis of adhesive boned joint

Figure12: Graded mesh pattern

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