Debre Berhan University

School of Computing

Department of Information Technology

A Seminar Report On: computer clothing

BY
Name………………………………………………...ID
Alemie Wuletaw ……………………..……..…… DBUPGS/296/10 
 

Submitted to: Samuel . (Phd)

Debre Birhan, Ethiopia

April, 2013 E.C
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….pages
 ABSTRACT

Recent advancements in miniature devices have fostered a dramatic growth of interest of

wearable technology. Wearable Bio-Sensors (WBS) will permit continuous cardiovascular
(CV) monitoring in a number of novel settings. WBS could play an important role in the
wireless surveillance of people during hazardous operations (military, firefighting, etc) or such
sensors could be dispensed during a mass civilian casualty occurrence. They typically rely on
wireless, miniature sensors enclosed in ring or a shirt. They Take advantage of handheld units
to temporarily store physiological data and then periodically upload that data to a database
server via wireless LAN or a cradle that allow internet connection and used for clinical
diagnosis.
 1. INTRODUCTION

Wearable sensors and systems have evolved to the point that they can be considered ready for
clinical application. The use of wearable monitoring devices that allow continuous or
intermittent monitoring of physiological signals is critical for the advancement of both the
diagnosis as well as treatment of diseases. Wearable systems are totally non-obtrusive devices
that allow physicians to overcome the limitations of ambulatory technology and provide a
response to the need for monitoring individuals over weeks or months. They typically rely on
wireless miniature sensors enclosed in patches or bandages or in items that can be worn, such
as ring or shirt. The data sets recorded using these systems are then processed to detect events
predictive of possible worsening of the patient’s clinical situations or they are explored to
access the impact of clinical interventions.
 2. DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER CLOTHS

2.1 .RING SENSOR

It is a pulse oximetry sensor that allows one to continuously monitor heart rate and oxygen
saturation in a totally unobtrusive way. The device is shaped like a ring and thus it can be worn
for long periods of time without any discomfort to the subject. The ring sensor is equipped with
a low power transceiver that accomplishes bidirectional communication with a base station, and
to upload data at any point of time.

2.1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF RING SENSOR

Each time the heart muscle contracts, blood is ejected from the ventricles and a pulse of
pressure is transmitted through the circulatory system. This pressure pulse when traveling
through the vessels, causes vessel wall displacement which is measurable at various points .in
order to detect pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric method, photo conductors are
used. Normally photo resistors are used, for amplification purpose photo transistors are used.
Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and the resistance of photo resistor
is determined by the amount of light reaching it with each contraction of heart, blood is forced
to the extremities and the amount of blood in the finger increases. It alters the optical density
with the result that the light transmission through the finger reduces and the resistance of the
photo resistor increases accordingly. The photo resistor is connected as a part of voltage divider
circuit and produces a voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger. This voltage
that closely follows the pressure pulse.

2.1.2 WORKING

The LEDs and PD are placed on the flanks of the finger either reflective or transmittal type can
be used. For avoiding motion disturbances quite stable transmittal method is used. Transmittal
type has a powerful LED for transmitting light across the finger. This power consumption
problem can be solved with a light modulation technique using high-speed devices. Instead of
lighting the skiing continuously, the LED is turned ON only for a short time, say 10-100 ns,
and the signal is sampled within this period, high frequency, low duty rate modulation is used
for preventing skin-burning problem. The motion of the finger can be measure with an optical
sensor. This motion detector can be used not only for monitoring the presence of motion but
also for cancelling the noise. By using PD-B as a noise reference, a noise cancellation filter can
be built to eliminate the noise of PD-A which completes with the noise references used. An
adaptive noise cancellation method is used.

Fig 2.1.2 Noise Cancellation Mechanism

The noise-cancelling filter combines two sensor signals, one is the main signal captured by
PD-A and the other is the noise reference obtained by PD-B. The main signal mostly consists
of the truce pulsate signal, but it does contain some noise. If we know the proportion of noise
contained in the main signal, we can sensate the contained in the main signal, we can generate
the noise of the same magnitude by attending the noise reference signal and then subtract the
noise from the main signal to recover the true pulsatile signal.
 Fig 2. 1.2. Prototype of Ring Sensor

The ring has a microcomputer performing all the device controls and low level signal
processing including LED modulation, data acquisition, filtering, and bi-directional RF
communication. The acquired waveforms sampled at 100Hz are transmitted to a cellular phone
carried by the patient through an RF link of 105Kbps at a carrier frequency of 915 MHz The
cellular phone accesses a website for data storage and clinical diagnosis.
 2.1.3. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RING SENSOR

Fig 2.1.3. Block Diagram of Ring Sensor

Power for light source, photo detector, RF transmitter and analog and digital processing units
provided by a tiny cell battery used for wrist watches. Lifetime is 2 to 3 weeks. Light Source
Light source for the ring sensor is the LED, approximately wavelength of 660 nm. Photo
Detector Photo detector is normally photodiode or phototransistor used for detecting the signal
from the LED.

RF Transmitter

It is used for transmitting the measured signals. Its carrier frequency is 915MHz.

LED Modulation

Power consumption problem can be solved with a lighting modulation technique. Instead of
lighting the skin continually the LED is turned on only for a short time, say 100-1000ns and the
signal is sampled within the period. High frequency low duty cycle modulation implemented
minimizes LED power consumption.
Data Acquisition

It is used to collect the data from sensor and data are sampled and recorded.

Filtering

The signal from the PD-B as a noise reference a noise cancellation filter can be built to
eliminate the noise of PD-A that correlates with the noise reference signal. For noise
cancellation we use the adaptive noise filter.

2.1.4 APPLICATIONS OF THE RING SENSOR

CATRASTOPHE DETECTION

 Wireless supervision of people during hazardous operations Eg: military, firefighting.

 In an overcrowded emergency department.

CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITION

 In cardiovascular diseases for monitoring the hyper tension.

 Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.

2.1.5 ADVANTAGES

 Continuous monitoring.
 Detection of transient phenomena.
 Promote further diagnostic and therapeutic measures.
 Easy to use.
 Reducing hospitalization fee.

2.1.6 DISADVANTAGES

 Initial cost is high.

 Limited number of physiological parameters are to be monitored
 3. CONCLUSION

The ring sensor and smart shirt are an effective and comfortable, and mobile information
infrastructure that can be made to the individual’s requirements to take advantage of the
advancements in telemedicine and information processing. Just as special-purpose chips and
processors can be plugged into a computer motherboard to obtain the required information
processing capability, the smart shirt is an information infrastructure into which the wearer can
“plug in” the desired sensors and devices, thereby creating a system for monitoring vital signs
in an efficient and cost effective manner with the “universal“ interface of clothing.
Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to dramatically alter its landscape
of healthcare delivery and at practice of medicine as we know them today. By enhancing the
quality of life, minimizing “medical” errors, and reducing healthcare costs, the patient-control
wearable information infrastructure can play a vital role in realizing the future healthcare
system. Just as the spreadsheet pioneered the field of information processing that brought
“computing to the masses”. It is anticipated that the smart shirt will bring personalized and
affordable healthcare monitoring to the population at large, thus leading to the realization of
“Affordable Healthcare, Any place, Anytime, Anyone”.
REFERENCES

1. H.Harry Asada,“Mobile monitoring with wearable ppg sensors”,IEEE engineering in

medicine and biology magazine,vol 22, pp- 28-39 may/june 2003.

2. Park and Jayaraman,”Enhancing the quality of life through wearable technology”, IEEE
engineering in medicine and biology magazine,vol 22, pp- 41-48 may/june 2003.

3. Handbook of biomedical instrumentation, Khandpur ,pp-138,233,238

4. R.Neuman,”Biomedical sensors”, handbook of biomedical instrumentation,pp-725-755

5. http://www.smartshirt.gatech.edu

6. http://www.wearables.gatech.edu