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ME-210 Engineering Dynamics: Dr. Tayyab Zafar Tayyab - Zafar@ceme - Nust.edu - PK

This document discusses coordinate systems used to describe the motion of particles. It focuses on planar motion in the x-y plane using three coordinate systems: rectangular coordinates (x-y), normal and tangential coordinates (n-t), and polar coordinates (r-θ). Rectangular coordinates use a fixed coordinate plane, while polar coordinates specify the position of a particle using its distance from the origin (r) and its angle (θ). The document also defines key concepts like velocity, acceleration, and projectile motion and how they are described using different coordinate systems.

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Abdullah Javaid
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47 views31 pages

ME-210 Engineering Dynamics: Dr. Tayyab Zafar Tayyab - Zafar@ceme - Nust.edu - PK

This document discusses coordinate systems used to describe the motion of particles. It focuses on planar motion in the x-y plane using three coordinate systems: rectangular coordinates (x-y), normal and tangential coordinates (n-t), and polar coordinates (r-θ). Rectangular coordinates use a fixed coordinate plane, while polar coordinates specify the position of a particle using its distance from the origin (r) and its angle (θ). The document also defines key concepts like velocity, acceleration, and projectile motion and how they are described using different coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Javaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-210

Engineering
Dynamics
Lecture 3
Dr. Tayyab Zafar
[email protected]
(a)
(b)
(c)
Coordinate systems
• motion of a particle is described as world rotating around Sun

• The position of Particle ‘P’ at any time ‘t’ can be specified by its
• Rectangular Coord
• Cylindrical Coord (r,θ,z)
• Spherical Coord (R,Φ,θ)
• n-t Coord (path variables)
• r-θ Coord
• We will only be dealing with plane motion
Planar motion
• Consider the motion of particle in x-y plane

• z and φ will be zero


• R becomes same as r

• We will be dealing with time derivative of


vector in this topic
Motion of a particle
• Consider particle moving along a curved path
• At time t particle is at A located by position vector ‘r’
• At time t+Δt the particle is at A΄ located by position r+ Δr
Motion of a particle
• Velocity
• The average velocity between A and A΄ is defined as Vav= Δr/ Δt
• The average speed is defined by Δs/ Δt which is a scalar
• Velocity and speed becomes equal if Δt is very small and A and A΄
come very close
Motion of a particle
• Acceleration
Motion of a particle • The average acceleration between A and A΄ is defined as
a= Δv/ Δt
Motion of a particle
• Visualization of motion
• Three different coordinate systems are used to
describe the vector relationship for curvilinear
motion of a particle in a plane
• Rectangular coordinates (x-y)
Coordinate • Normal and Tangential coordinates (n-t)
• Polar coordinates (r-θ)
systems • The choice is usually revealed by the manner in
which the motion is generated or by the form in
which the data is specified
Rectangular Coordinates (x-y)

• The time derivatives of unit vectors


are zero as their magnitude and
direction is constant
Rectangular Coordinates
Projectile motion
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