Name: Sohan Chavhan

Reg.no:2018bit022

Practical -06
Wired and wireless communication with different
application

Wired Communication System

Wired communication systems include all communications systems for

which data is sent through a wire.

Types of Wired Connections

Twisted pair: Consists of a pair of wires that are twisted together. The

twisting reduces noise on the wires by cancelling out, to a certain extent,
the amount of electromagnetic interference from the environment and
between transmit and receive

Coaxial Cable: Coaxial cables consist of a cylindrical wire running down

the middle of an insulating sheath. Surrounding the insulating sheath is a
conductive sheath, acting simultaneously as a shield and a return path
for the signal. Coax cables are highly resistant to noise due to the
shielding which keeps most of the EM energy inside the surrounding
conductive sheath.

Fiber Optic Cable: A fiber optic cable consists of a very long thin fiber of
glass down which light pulses can be sent. The data rates supported by
fiber optic networks are incredibly fast.  So fast in fact that most people
involved in fiber optic development now say that in relation to network
speeds, computers are hopelessly slow, and so we must try to avoid
computation at all costs.

Introduction to Types of Wireless Communication:

The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th century and
wireless communication technology has developed over the subsequent
years. It is one of the most important mediums of transmission of
information from one device to another devices. In this technology, the
information can be transmitted through the air without requiring any cable
or wires or other electronic conductors, by using electromagnetic waves
like IR, RF, satellite, etc. In the present day, wireless communication
technology refers to a variety of wireless communication devices and
technologies ranging from smartphones to computers, tabs,
laptops, Bluetooth Technology, printers. This article gives an overview of
wireless communication and types of wireless communication.

In the present days, the wireless communication system has become an

essential part of various types of wireless communication devices, that
permits the user to communicate even from remote operated areas. There
are different types of wireless communication devices like mobiles.
Cordless telephones, Zigbee wireless technology, GPS, Wi-Fi, satellite
television, and wireless computer parts. Current wireless phones include 3
and 4G networks, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi technologies.

Types of Wireless Network

There are two types of wireless network most commonly found in
everyday scenarios:
 

● Local Area Network (LAN) – for example your internal office

network or your network of home devices (computers, game
 consoles, mobile phones and tablets connected to the same router
in one location form a local area network). In the past, a wired
connection using what is commonly called an “ethernet cable”
would be required to set-up a local area network. Although wired
networks are still quite common for many reasons, such as better
protection from interference and security when compared to
wireless, WiFi is now commonly used for local networking.

● Wide Area Network (WAN) – is a type of a network extending over

a larger area, and the Internet may be considered a WAN. In the
case of the Internet, wires are used to move the bulk of the data
travelling around the network because they are generally faster
and more reliable as well as less susceptible to interference.
However, with the advent of the modern smartphone and other
mobile devices such as tablets, more and more users connect to
the Internet wirelessly using cellular data. This is different from
WiFi, and still confuses many of the less tech-savvy users.

Types of Wireless Network in Cellular Communication

When we talk about cellular wireless communication, we are most
commonly referring to a scenario where a device like a mobile
phone/smartphone or a sim card enabled tabled, or laptop computer
connects to a cellular tower to facilitate internet access on the go.
Cellular communication typically uses radio waves of specific frequency
for data and voice transmission.
 
3G
3G is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunication
technology. Most often, it is found in mobile phones/smartphones, and
sim card enabled tablets.
 
4G
4G is a loose term for the fourth generation of cellular telecommunication
technologies, up to about ten times faster than 3G.
 
LTE
LTE stands for Long Term Evolution which has sometimes been
marketed as 4G LTE, but it is technically not 4G but rather an evolution
of 3G. Still, the performance of both 4G and LTE is comparable in most
everyday scenarios where coverage is not an issue, blurring the
difference between 4G and LTE for most users.
 
5G
5G is the fifth-generation technology standard for cellular networking,
providing further bandwidth (speed) improvements over the past
iterations of cellular wireless networks.
 

Types of Wireless Communication Used in Short

Range Wireless Devices
Not all wireless communication technologies are used for networking or
for enabling internet access (though some of them do allow for very
short-range networking and file exchanges).
 

Bluetooth:
Bluetooth uses radio waves in the frequency range of 2.402 to
2.480GHz (and this must not be confused with 2.4GHz WiFi we
described earlier). Typical everyday uses of Bluetooth include
connecting wireless computer peripherals (such as mice, keyboards,
speakers, game controllers) and remote control (for example between a
mobile phone and Bluetooth enabled car or home audio systems).
 

Infrared:
Infrared communication uses invisible to the naked eye infrared light
rather than radio waves. It is only used for short-range communication
and requires a line of sight between the two devices (because light does
not readily penetrate solid objects such as walls, unlike radio waves).

 Applications of Wireless Communication

Following is a list of applications in wireless communication:

Vehicles
Many wireless communication systems and mobility aware applications
are used for following purpose:

o Transmission of music, news, road conditions, weather reports,

and other broadcast information are received via digital audio
broadcasting (DAB) with 1.5Mbit/s.
o For personal communication, a universal mobile
telecommunications system (UMTS) phone might be available
offering voice and data connectivity with 384kbit/s.
o For remote areas, satellite communication can be used, while the
current position of the car is determined via the GPS (Global
Positioning System).
o A local ad-hoc network for the fast exchange of
information (information such as distance between two vehicles,
traffic information, road conditions) in emergency situations or to
help each other keep a safe distance. Local ad-hoc network with
vehicles close by to prevent guidance system, accidents,
redundancy.
o Vehicle data from buses, trucks, trains and high speed train can be
transmitted in advance for maintenance.
o In ad-hoc network, car can comprise personal digital assistants
(PDA), laptops, or mobile phones connected with each other using
the Bluetooth technology.
Emergency
Following services can be provided during emergencies:
o Video communication: Responders often need to share vital
information. The transmission of real time situations of video could
be necessary. A typical scenario includes the transmission of live
video footage from a disaster area to the nearest fire department,
to the police station or to the near NGOs etc.
o Push To Talk (PTT): PTT is a technology which allows half duplex
communication between two users where switching from voice
reception mode to the transmit mode takes place with the use of a
dedicated momentary button. It is similar to walkie-talkie.
o Audio/Voice Communication: This communication service
provides full duplex audio channels unlike PTT. Public safety
communication requires novel full duplex speech transmission
services for emergency response.
o Real Time Text Messaging (RTT): Text messaging (RTT) is an
effective and quick solution for sending alerts in case of
emergencies. Types of text messaging can be email, SMS and
instant message.

Business
Travelling Salesman
o Directly access to customer files stored in a central location.
o Consistent databases for all agents
o Mobile office
o To enable the company to keep track of all the activities of their
travelling employees.

In Office
o Wi-Fi wireless technology saves businesses or companies a
considerable amount of money on installations costs.
o There is no need to physically setup wires throughout an office
building, warehouse or store.
o Bluetooth is also a wireless technology especially used for short
range that acts as a complement to Wi-Fi. It is used to transfer
data between computers or cellphones.
Transportation Industries
o In transportation industries, GPS technology is used to find
efficient routes and tracking vehicles.

Replacement of Wired Network

o Wireless network can also be used to replace wired network. Due
to economic reasons it is often impossible to wire remote sensors
for weather forecasts, earthquake detection, or to provide
environmental information, wireless connections via satellite, can
help in this situation.
o Tradeshows need a highly dynamic infrastructure, since cabling
takes a long time and frequently proves to be too inflexible.
o Many computers fairs use WLANs as a replacement for cabling.
o Other cases for wireless networks are computers, sensors, or
information displays in historical buildings, where excess cabling may destroy
valuable walls or floors.

Location dependent service

It is important for an application to know something about the location
because the user might need location information for further activities.
Several services that might depend on the actual location can be
described below:
o Follow-on Services:
o Location aware services: To know about what services (e.g. fax,
printer, server, phone, printer etc.) exist in the local environment.
o Privacy: We can set the privacy like who should get knowledge
about the location.
o Information Services: We can know about the special offers in
the supermarket. Nearest hotel, rooms, cabs etc.

Infotainment: (Entertainment and Education)

o Wireless networks can provide information at any appropriate
location.
o Outdoor internet access.
o You may choose a seat for movie, pay via electronic cash, and
send this information to a service provider.
 o Ad-hoc network is used for multiuser games and entertainment.

Mobile and Wireless devices

Even though many mobile and wireless devices are available, there will
be many more devices in the future. There is no precise classification of
such devices, by sizes, shape, weight, or computing power. The
following list of given examples of mobile and wireless devices graded
by increasing performance (CPU, memory, display, input devices, etc.)
Sensor: Wireless device is represented by a sensor transmitting state
information. 1 example could be a switch, sensing the office door. If the
door is closed, the switch transmits this information to the mobile phone
inside the office which will not accept incoming calls without user
interaction; the semantics of a closed door is applied to phone calls.
Embedded Controller: Many applications already contain a simple or
sometimes more complex controller. Keyboards, mouse, headsets,
washing machines, coffee machines, hair dryers and TV sets are just
some examples.
Pager: As a very simple receiver, a pager can only display short text
messages, has a tiny display, and cannot send any messages.
Personal Digital Assistant: PDAs typically accompany a user and offer
simple versions of office software (calendar, notepad, mail). The typically
input device is a pen, with built-in character recognition translating
handwriting into characters. Web browsers and many other packages
are available for these devices.
Pocket computer: The next steps towards full computers are pocket
computers offering tiny keyboards, color displays, and simple versions of
programs found on desktop computers (text processing, spreadsheets
etc.)
Notebook/laptop: Laptops offer more or less the same performance as
standard desktop computers; they use the same software - the only
technical difference being size, weight, and the ability to run on a
battery. If operated mainly via a sensitive display (touch sensitive or
electromagnetic), the device are also known as notepads or tablet PCs.