Plate With The Hole - Stress and Strain Analysis

Module: Finite Element Analysis (MECH9011)
Professor: Patrick Wulliamoz
Plate with the hole - stress and strain analysis.

Lucas Washington Santa Rita Santana
T-204
November 4, 2020.
1. INTRODUCTION
The plate with the hole is a benchmark problem of finite elements which
consists in a rectangular plate with a circular hole and constant thickness. This report
will analyse the stress and strains on the plate when pressure is applied with
magnitude of 100 N/mm2 on one of the sides as followed model shows.
Fig.01 - Model of plate with the hole that will be analysed.
2. METHODOLOGY
The procedure used to assess the stress and strains of the given problem is
illustrated below.
Fig.02 - Methodology for solving the plate-with-the-hole problem

2.1 Material properties
Structural steel
Young’s Modulus (E) 2.1 x 1011 Pa
Poison Ratio () 0.3
Table 01 - Material properties
2.2 Geometry data
Millimetres (mm)
L (length) 100
h (height) 50
r (radius) 20
t (thickness) 10
Table 02 - Geometry dimensions
2.3 Analysis type
The analysis will be done in ANSYS using static structure type.
2.4 Formulas
 Eq. (1) - Nominal Stress
 Eq. (2) - Maximum stress
 ( ) Eq. (3) - Cross sectional area near cut-out.
 Eq. (4) – Nominal area
2.5 Boundary Conditions
 Pressure applied on the left-hand side of the plate (x = P);

 Constrain of the bottom left (x,y,z = 0);
 Constrain of the left side (x = 0).
Fig.03 – Boundary conditions
2.6 Meshing strategy
The mesh will be refined reducing the element sizes of the whole geometry.
The analysis will take into account element sizes of 11, 7, 5, and 3.5 mm.
3. RESULTS
3.1 Analytical solution
 Calculating nominal stress from equation (1),(3) and (4):
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
 Calculating we obtain 0.4. That makes (stress concentration factor) ≈
2.25 as followed graph shows.

Fig.04 – graphic of (Kt) x (d/w)
 From equation (2), we can now calculate the maximum equivalent stress:
3.2 ANSYS Solution
The results found in Ansys are shown in the following table:
MESH-CONVERGENCE DATA
ELEMENT SIZE Default* 7 mm 5 mm 4 mm 3.5mm
TOTAL DEFORMATION 1.25E-04 1.25E-04 1.24E-04 1.24E-04 1.24E-04
MAX. STRESS 3.84E+08 3.68E+08 3.76E+08 3.78E+08 3.77E+08
N. ELEMENTS 148 816 1518 3540 4734
N. NODES 1196 4904 8933 18690 24792
*Ansys default ≈ 11mm.
Table 03 – Mesh convergence Data from Excel
σk (10^8 Pa) Mesh Convergence

3.9
3.85
3.8
3.75 Max. stress

3.7 Calculated
3.65
3.6
Default 7 mm 5 mm 4 mm 3.5 mm
Element size (mm)
Fig. 04 – Graphic of mesh convergence from Excel.

3.1 Strain (Total deformation)
Fig.05 – Total deformation (5mm element size)
3.2 Equivalent Stress (von-Mises)
Fig.06 – Maximum stress (5mm element size)

4. CONCLUSION
Stress concentrations occur as a result of irregularities in the geometry (holes,

grooves, notches and fillets) or within the material of a component structure that
[1]
cause an interruption of the stress flow . Refining the global mesh is one way of
generating an accurate value but when the stress-strain physics involved in the
component is well understood, the refining mesh can be localized better. For this
problem for example, the maximum stress will be around the hole because there
is an interruption of the stress flow. Therefore refining the mesh on the surface
around the hole will provide an accurate result as well, with the difference that it
does not require a very small element size (more computer power) in order to get
a valid approximation between the analytical solution and the software solution.
REFERENCES
[1] Corrosionpedia. (August 21, 2020). Stress concentration factor. Available from:
https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/1035/stress-concentration-factor-kt. [accessed
on 04 November 2020].
[2] EDX. (2020). A Hands-on Introduction to Engineering Simulations. Available from:

https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:CornellX+ENGR2000X+1T2018/course/.
[accessed 04 November 2020].

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Module: Finite Element Analysis (MECH9011)

Professor: Patrick Wulliamoz

Plate with the hole - stress and strain analysis.

Fig.01 - Model of plate with the hole that will be analysed.

Fig.02 - Methodology for solving the plate-with-the-hole problem

2.2 Geometry data

2.3 Analysis type

The analysis will be done in ANSYS using static structure type.

 Eq. (1) - Nominal Stress

 Eq. (2) - Maximum stress

 ( ) Eq. (3) - Cross sectional area near cut-out.

 Eq. (4) – Nominal area

2.5 Boundary Conditions

 Pressure applied on the left-hand side of the plate (x = P);

2.6 Meshing strategy

3.1 Analytical solution

 Calculating nominal stress from equation (1),(3) and (4):

 Calculating we obtain 0.4. That makes (stress concentration factor) ≈

2.25 as followed graph shows.

3.2 ANSYS Solution

The results found in Ansys are shown in the following table:

σk (10^8 Pa) Mesh Convergence

3.75 Max. stress

Fig. 04 – Graphic of mesh convergence from Excel.

Fig.05 – Total deformation (5mm element size)

3.2 Equivalent Stress (von-Mises)

Fig.06 – Maximum stress (5mm element size)

Stress concentrations occur as a result of irregularities in the geometry (holes,

[2] EDX. (2020). A Hands-on Introduction to Engineering Simulations. Available from:

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