PANIMALAR ENGINEERNG COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
EC6801 – WIRELESS COMMUNICATION – POSSIBLE MCQ
Unit 3 - Digital Signaling for fading channels

Questions on Modulation Techniques

1. In linear modulation technique __________ of transmitted signal varies linearly with
modulating digital signal.
a) Amplitude
b) Frequency
c) Phase
d) Angle

Answer: a
Explanation: In linear modulation technique, the amplitude of transmitted signal varies
linearly with modulating digital signal. It is a form of digital modulation technique.
2. Linear modulation techniques are not bandwidth efficient.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Linear modulation techniques are bandwidth efficient. They are used in wireless
communication systems when there is an increasing demand to accommodate more and more
users within a limited spectrum.
3. Which of the following is not a linear modulation technique?
a) OQPSK
b) π/4 QPSK
c) FSK
d) BPSK

Answer: c
Explanation: OQPSK, π/4 QPSK and BPSK are the most popular linear modulation
techniques. They have very good spectral efficiency. However, FSK is an non-linear
modulation technique.
4. In BPSK, the ________ of constant amplitude carrier signal is switched between two
values according to the two possible values.
a) Amplitude
b) Phase
c) Frequency
d) Angle

Answer: b
Explanation: In binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the phase of a constant amplitude carrier
signal is switched between two possible values m1 and m2. These two values corresponds to
binary 1 and 0 respectively.
5. QPSK has ________ the bandwidth efficiency of BPSK.
a) Twice
b) Same
c) Half
d) Four times

Answer: a
Explanation: Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) has twice the bandwidth of BPSK. It is
because two bits are transmitted in a single modulation symbol. The phase of the carrier takes
on one of the four equally spaced values, where each value of phase corresponds to a unique
pair of message bit.
6. QPSK provides twice the bandwidth efficiency and _______ energy efficiency as
compared to BPSK.
a) Twice
b) Half
c) Same
d) Four times

Answer: c
Explanation: The bit error probability of QPSK is identical to BPSK but twice as much data
can be sent in the same bandwidth. Thus, when compared to BPSK, QPSK provides twice the
spectral efficiency with exactly the same efficiency.
7. What is the full form of OQPSK?
a) Optical Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
b) Orthogonal Quadrature Pulse Shift Keying
c) Orthogonal Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
d) Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Answer: d
Explanation: OQPSK stands for offset quadrature phase shift keying. It is a modified form of
QPSK which is less susceptible to deleterious effects and supports more efficient
amplification. OQPSK is sometimes also called staggered QPSK.
8. The bandwidth of OQPSK is _______ to QPSK.
a) Identical
b) Twice
c) Half
d) Four times

Answer: a
Explanation: The spectrum of an OQPSK signal is identical to that of QPSK signal. Hence,
both signals occupy the same bandwidth. The staggered alignment of the even and odd bit
streams in OQPSK signal does not change the nature of spectrum.
9. QPSK signals perform better than OQPSK in the presence of phase jitter.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: OQPSK signal perform better than QPSK in the presence of phase jitter. It is
due to the presence of noisy reference signal at the receiver.
10. Which of the following is not a detection technique used for detection of π/4 QPSK
signals?
a) Baseband differential detection
b) IF differential detection
c) FM discriminator detection
d) Envelope detection

Answer: d
Explanation: There are various types of detection techniques used for the detection of π/4
QPSK signals. They include baseband differential detection, IF differential detection and FM
discriminator detection.

11. In non-linear modulation, the amplitude of the carrier varies with the variation of
modulating signal.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: In non-linear modulation, the amplitude of the carrier is constant regardless of
the variation in the modulating signal. Many practical mobile radio communication systems
use these types of nonlinear modulation methods.
12. In constant envelope family of modulation, class C amplifiers introduces degradation in
spectrum occupancy.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: The constant envelope family of modulation has an advantage of satisfying
various conditions. In this, power efficient Class C amplifiers can be used without
introducing degradation in the spectrum occupancy of the transmitted signal.
13. Constant envelope modulation techniques occupy ______ bandwidth than linear
modulation schemes.
a) Larger
b) Smaller
c) Same
d) Twice

Answer: a
Explanation: Constant envelope modulation technique occupies a larger bandwidth than
linear modulation technique. It is one of the disadvantage of constant envelope modulation. It
is not well suited where bandwidth efficiency is more important than power efficiency.
14. In BFSK __________ of constant amplitude carrier signal is switched between two
values.
a) Phase
b) Angle
c) Frequency
d) Amplitude

Answer: c
Explanation: In BFSK, the frequency of a constant amplitude carrier signal is switched
between two values according to the two possible message states. These states are called high
and low tunes, which corresponds to binary 1 or 0.
15. MSK stands for ________
a) Maximum shift keying
b) Minimum shift keying
c) Minimum space keying
d) Maximum space keying

Answer: b
Explanation: MSK stands for minimum shift keying. It is a special type of continuous phase
shift keying. It is form of digital modulation technique that was developed in 1950s.
16. What is the modulation index of MSK?
a) 0.1
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) 0

Answer: c
Explanation: Minimum shift keying is a special type of CPFSK. Its peak frequency deviation
is equal to ¼ the bit rate. In other words, MSK is continuous phase FSK with a modulation
index of 0.5.
17. The name minimum phase shift keying implies minimum _________
a) Frequency separation
b) Amplitude separation
c) Phase change
d) Amplitude deviation

Answer: a
Explanation: The name minimum phase shift keying implies minimum frequency separation,
i.e. the bandwidth that allows orthogonal detection. A modulation index of 0.5 corresponds to
the minimum frequency spacing that allows two FSK signals to be coherently orthogonal.
18. MSK is sometimes also referred as _________
a) Slow FSK
b) Fast FSK
c) Slow PSK
d) Fast PSK

Answer: b
Explanation: Minimum shift keying is sometimes also referred as fast FSK. It is so called
because frequency spacing used is only half as much as that used in conventional
noncoherent frequency shift keying.
19. Which of the following is not a property of MSK?
a) Variable envelope
b) Spectral efficiency
c) Good BER performance
d) Self synchronizing capability

Answer: a
Explanation: MSK has a constant envelope. It is a spectrally efficient scheme. It possesses
properties such as constant envelope, spectral efficiency, good BER performance and self-
synchronizing capability.
20. MSK is a special form of OQPSK.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Yes, MSK can be thought of as a special form of offset quadrature phase shift
keying. The condition is that baseband rectangular pulses are replaced with half sinusoidal
pulses.

21. GMSK is a ________ of MSK.

a) Integral
b) Opposite
c) Derivative
d) Similar

Answer: c
Explanation: Gaussian minimum phase shift keying is a simple binary modulation scheme. It
is viewed as a derivative of MSK. GMSK considerably reduces the sidelobe levels in the
transmitted spectrum.
22. Which of the following holds true for GMSK?
a) Minimum ISI
b) Minimum error rate
c) Good spectral efficiency
d) Variable envelope property

Answer: c
Explanation: GMSK sacrifices the irreducible error rate caused by partial response signalling
in exchange for extremely good spectral efficiency and constant envelope properties. And the
premodulation Gaussian filtering introduces ISI in the transmitted signal.
23. MSK has complex demodulation and synchronization circuits.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: MSK has simple demodulation and synchronization circuits. It has various other
advantages like continuous phase property makes it highly desirable for highly reactive loads.
Due to these advantages, MSK is a popular modulation scheme for mobile radio
communication.
24.The 3- dB bandwidth for a Gaussian low pass filter used to produce 0.25GMSK with a
channel data rate of Rb = 270 kbps is
a) 68.5 KHz
b) 67.5 KHz
c)69.5KHz
d)75.5 KHz

Answer b
Solution

25. The channel data rate Rb = 270 , for a Gaussian low pass filter used to produce
0.25GMSK. What is the 90% power bandwidth in the RF channel?
a) 114 KHz
b) 164 KHz
c) 184 KHz
d) 154 KHz
Answer d
Solution

26. Which of the following represents the signal constellation of pi/4 QPSK technique?
 a) Figure a
b) Figure b
c) Figure c
Answer : c

26. Staggered QPSK is the other name for

a) MSK
b)OQPSK
c)pi/4QPSK
d)GMSK

Answer b

27. CPFSK (Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying) is the other name for
a) MSK
b) QPSK
c)pi/4 QPSK
d) OQPSK

Answer a

Questions on OFDMA

1. OFDMA stands for ________

a) omnidirectional frequency division multiple access
b) orthogonal frequency duplex multiple access
c) orthogonal frequency divider multiple access
d) orthogonal frequency division multiple access

Answer: d
Explanation: Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) is a multi-user
version of the popular orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) digital
modulation scheme. Multiple access is achieved in OFDMA by assigning subsets of
subcarriers to individual users.
2. Why is a cyclic prefix required in an OFDMA?
a) To ensure symbol time is an integer number
b) To help overcome multipath and ISI
c) To maintain orthogonality
d) To make OFDMA scalable

Answer: b
Explanation: Use of cyclic prefix is a key element of enabling the OFDM signal to operate
reliably. The cyclic prefix acts as a buffer region or guard interval to protect the OFDM
signals from intersymbol interference.
3. What does the DC subcarrier indicate?
a) Identity of the cell
b) Antenna configuration
c) Center of OFDM channel
d) Format of data channel

Answer: c
Explanation: All the subcarriers of an OFDM symbol do not carry useful data. In OFDM and
OFDMA PHY layers, the DC subcarrier is the subcarrier whose frequency is equal to the RF
centre frequency of the transmitting station.
4. What processing step combines multiple OFDM subcarriers into a single signal for
transmission?
a) FFT
b) IFFT
c) RF combining
d) Channel mapping

Answer: b
Explanation: IFFT combines multiple OFDM subcarriers into a single signal for transmission.
These transforms are important from the OFDM perspective because they can be viewed as
mapping digitally modulated input data (data symbols) onto orthogonal subcarriers.
5. Which property of OFDMA system allows adjacent subcarriers to be used without
interference?
a) Orthogonality
b) Orthodoxy
c) Octagonality
d) Originality
Answer: a
Explanation: Orthogonality of sub-carriers simply means their correlation is zero.
Orthogonality in OFDMA system allows adjacent subcarriers to be used without interference.
6. In OFDMA, what is the relationship between the subcarrier spacing f and symbol time t?
a) f=t
b) f=1/2t
c) f=1/t
d) no relation

Answer: c
Explanation: In OFDMA, the relationship between the subcarrier spacing f and symbol time t
is f=1/t. They are inversely proportional.
7. OFDM is a technique for 3G mobile communication.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: OFDM has developed into a popular scheme for wideband digital
communication, used in applications such as digital television and audio broadcasting, DSL
internet access, wireless networks, power line networks, and 4G mobile communications.
8. OFDM uses complex equalizers.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: ODMA does not use complex equalizers. In OFDM, the equalizer only has to
multiply each detected sub-carrier (each Fourier coefficient) in each OFDM symbol by a
constant complex number, or a rarely changed value.
9. When we divide band of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) into sub
bands, it diminishes effects of __________
a) noise
b) collision
c) interference
d) signals absence

Answer: c
Explanation: OFDM uses the same bandwidth to deliver roughly the same data rate as a
single carrier modulation by introducing multiple lower-bandwidth channels. Each of the
lower-bandwidth channels has a lower rate, and by combining them together, the original rate
is achieved.
10. Common data rates of IEEE 802.11 OFDM are ____________
a) 18 Mbps
b) 200 Mbps
c) 50 Mbps
d) 54 Mbps
Answer: a
Explanation: The IEEE 802.11a standard specifies a modulation that divides a high-speed
serial information signal into multiple lower-speed sub signals. Common data rates of IEEE
802.11 OFDM is 18 Mbps.
11. PAPR stands for
a) Peak Amplitude Power Ratio
b) Power Average to Peak Ratio
c) Peak to Average Power Ratio
d) Power Averaged Packet Radio
Answer : c
12 .Advantages of using OFDM include

1. Avoids complex equalizers

2. Low symbol rate and guard interval
3. Avoids ISI
4. Multiple users at same frequency

a. 1,2 and 3 are correct

b. 2 and 3 are correct
c. 1, 2 and 4 are correct
d. All the four correct

ANSWER: d. All the four correct

13. The troubles that OFDM faces over other spread spectrum techniques are

1. Sensitivity to Doppler shift

2. Frequency synchronization problems
3. Time synchronization problems
4. Low efficiency due to guard intervals

a. 1,2 and 3 are correct

b. 2 and 3 are correct
c. 1, 2 and 4 are correct
d. All the four correct

ANSWER: c. 1, 2 and 4 are correct

14. The guard interval is provided in OFDM

a. To eliminate the need of pulse shaping filter

b. To eliminate ISI
c. High symbol rate
d. Both a) and b)
e. Both b) and c)

ANSWER: d. Both a) and b)

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