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ATTiny2313 LCD and Keypad Controller

This document describes an I2C LCD controller using an ATtiny2313 microcontroller. The controller controls LCD displays with the HD4470 parallel interface. The code stretches the limits of the ATtiny2313. It provides wiring details and describes I2C commands to send characters, clear the display, and control the LCD. Extended commands control the backlight, access EEPROM, reset the chip, and interface with a keypad. The EEPROM layout and modifying the startup parameters and keypad mapping are also outlined.

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George Papado
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69 views7 pages

ATTiny2313 LCD and Keypad Controller

This document describes an I2C LCD controller using an ATtiny2313 microcontroller. The controller controls LCD displays with the HD4470 parallel interface. The code stretches the limits of the ATtiny2313. It provides wiring details and describes I2C commands to send characters, clear the display, and control the LCD. Extended commands control the backlight, access EEPROM, reset the chip, and interface with a keypad. The EEPROM layout and modifying the startup parameters and keypad mapping are also outlined.

Uploaded by

George Papado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ATTiny2313 LCD and Keypad controller

This document describes the I2C LCD controller – designed to control LCD displays with the
HD4470 parallel interface.

An ATIny2313 micro controller was chosen for this project. The code for this stretches the
ATTiny2313 to its limit in terms of size

1. Wiring (sorry amateur diagram – still learning Fritzing).


2. I2C commands
The default address of the I2C chip is 0x12 – this is a 7 bit address and is suitable for the
Wire library in the Arduino. A full eight bit address would be 0x24 (read) and 0x25(write).

a. Send characters to the LCD


Just transmit characters to the device. The receive buffer is 32 characters long, if this
is exceeded in one message then the extra will be discarded.
It takes around 60 micro seconds to process each character, so a message with 32
characters will need a delay of 2 milli seconds before any further messages are sent.

Character codes 0xfe and 0xff (decimal 254 and 255) are special codes, so to send
these we need to precede them with 0xfe.

Example Arduino code:


#include <Wire.h>

void setup()
{
Wire.begin(); // join i2c bus (address optional for master)
sendStr("Hello World");
}

void loop()
{
}

void sendStr(char* b)
{
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
while (*b)
{
if (*b == 0xfe || *b == 0xff) Wire.send(0xfe);
Wire.send(*b++); // sends one byte
}
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(2);
}

b. Commands (HD4470)
All the HD4470 commands are prefixed by 0xfe (decimal 254).
For full details please see the HD4470 data sheet.
For command 0x01 and 0x02 add a delay of 2mS after the command. For all other
commands a delay of 50uS is sufficient.
Some of the supported commands are:

0xfe, 0x01 Clears entire display and sets cursor to the beginning
0xfe, 0x02 Clears entire display and undoes any shift
0xfe, 0x08 sets display options – OR with
0x04 display on /off
0x02 Cursor on / off
0x01 Cursor blinking on / off
0xfe, 0x10 Shift display or cursor – OR with
0x08 Cursor = 0, display = 1
0x04 shift right = 1, shift left = 0
0xfe, 0x40 Set into programmable character mode – OR with
CGRAM address. Subsequent data sent programmes the
characters and does not display on the LCD.
0xfe, 0x80 Set back to ‘normal’ character mode and position the cursor
OR with the cursor address. See the HD4470 datasheet for
Information on how to work out cursor addresses.
Subsequent data sent is displayed on the LCD

Example Arduino code:

#include <Wire.h>
void setup()
{
Wire.begin(); // join i2c bus (address optional for master)
clearLCD();
sendStr("Hello World");
}

void loop()
{
}

void sendStr(char* b)
{
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
while (*b)
{
if (*b == 0xfe || *b == 0xff) Wire.send(0xfe);
Wire.send(*b++); // sends one byte
}
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(2);
}

void clearLCD()
{
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
Wire.send(0xfe); // signal command follows
Wire.send(0x01); // send the command
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(2);
}

c. Extended commands
All the extended commands are prefixed with 0xff (decimal 255).
i. Backlight
0xff, 0x01, BL BL =0 backlight off, otherwise on

Arduino code:

void backlight(byte on)


{
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
Wire.send(0xFF); // sends command flag
Wire.send(0x01); // backlight
Wire.send(on); // sends on/off flag
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(1); // always a good idea to give the
// I2C device a chance to catch up.
}

ii. EEPROM
0xff, 0x02, addr Reads EEPROM address addr
0xff, 0x03, addr, value Write value into EEPROM address addr
0xff, 0x04, addr Display zero terminated string at EEPROM
address addr.
Arduino code:

byte readEEPROM(byte addr)


{
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
Wire.send(0xff); // signal command follows
Wire.send(0x02); // send command read EEPROM
Wire.send(addr); // send the address
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(1); // give it a chance
Wire.requestFrom(0x12,1); // ask for the byte
return Wire.receive(); // and return it
}

iii. Reset
0xff, 0xf0 Reset EEPROM to defaults and reset the chip
0xff, 0xf1 reset the chip – reading current values from EEPROM

Arduino code:

void changeI2CAddress(byte value)


{
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
Wire.send(0xff); // signal command follows
Wire.send(0x03); // send the command write
// EEPROM
Wire.send(0x00); // EEPROM addr is I2C address
Wire.send(value); // send the new I2C address
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(1);
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
Wire.send(0xff); // signal command follows
Wire.send(0xf1); // send the reset
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(4);
// the address is now changed and you need to use the new
address
}

iv. Keypad interface


The keypad interface has a buffer of 15 keys. If there are any key presses in
the buffer the interrupt line is high, it goes low when the buffer is emptied.
The default mapping of the keys can be changed – see Keyboard mapping
section.

All key presses are debounced for 30mS – debounce period can be modified
at EEPROM address 6.

Commands:
0xff, 0x10 Returns one byte – number of keys in buffer
0xff, 0x11 Returns next key in buffer, and removes it from the buffer
0xff, 0x12 returns the keycode for a key currently held down
0xff, 0x13 clears the buffer
0xff, 0x14, n Read n bytes from the keypad buffer
0xff, 0x15 Interrupt pin off
0xff, 0x16 Interrupt pin on

Arduino code:

byte readKeyp()
{
Wire.beginTransmission(0x12); // transmit to device 12
Wire.send(0xFF); // sends command flag
Wire.send(0x11); // read next key
Wire.endTransmission(); // stop transmitting
delay(2);
Wire.requestFrom(0x12,1);
return Wire.receive(); // get the next char in the
// buffer
// note zero is returned if none
}

3. Modifying startup parameters


EEPROM addresses 2-5 contain the bytes which are sent to the LCD at power up.
Modifying these values allow you to customise the LCD (e.g. for a one line LCD).
The default is set up for a two or four line LCD.
4. Hardware reset settings
Connecting the Column 1 pin (PortD4 ATTiny pin 8) to ground during power up will reset all
of the EEPROM setting to the default. This is useful for example if you re-program the I2C
address and then forget it.
5. EEProm layout
Address Default value Meaning
0 0x12 I2C address
1 0x07 Code version number
2 0x28 LCD initialisation – LCD function mode
3 0x0e LCD initialisation – Cursor direction
4 0x06 LCD initialisation – entry mode
5 0x01 LCD initialisation - clear
6 0x1E Keyboard debounce time in mS
7 0 Future use
8 - 20 Keyboard map Keyboard map
21 - 93 “JGC I2C V0.7” Initial string (currently only 13 characters
used).

6. Keypad mapping
EEPROM address 8 is the value used for no key in the buffer, default is 0.

No key in buffer – returns default 0.


EEPROM addr Row Column Keycode Returns default value
9 1 1 1 0x31 ‘1’
10 1 2 2 0x32 ‘2’
11 1 3 3 0x33 ‘3’
12 2 1 4 0x34 ‘4’
13 2 2 5 0x35 ‘5’
14 2 3 6 0x36 ‘6’
15 3 1 7 0x37 ‘7’
16 3 2 8 0x38 ‘8’
17 3 3 9 0x39 ‘9’
18 4 1 10 0x2A ‘*’
19 4 2 11 0x30 ‘0’
20 4 3 12 0x23 ‘#’

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