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Solution: For This Data, We Have The Forward Difference Difference Table

This document provides examples of using Newton's forward and backward interpolation formulas to estimate values of functions between given data points. Several examples are provided of constructing difference tables from tabular data and using interpolation polynomials of varying degrees to estimate values and find error estimates. Applications include estimating the speed of a train between stations and estimating temperatures at times between those given in weather data.

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Sharal Saldanha
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71 views7 pages

Solution: For This Data, We Have The Forward Difference Difference Table

This document provides examples of using Newton's forward and backward interpolation formulas to estimate values of functions between given data points. Several examples are provided of constructing difference tables from tabular data and using interpolation polynomials of varying degrees to estimate values and find error estimates. Applications include estimating the speed of a train between stations and estimating temperatures at times between those given in weather data.

Uploaded by

Sharal Saldanha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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http://quiz.webdunia.com/english/1/237/quizcategory.

html

1. Obtain the Newton's forward interpolating polynomial, for the following tabular

data and interpolate the value of the function at

x 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005


y 1.121 1.123 1.1255 1.127 1.128 1.1285

Solution: For this data, we have the Forward difference difference table

0 1.121 0.002 0.0005 -0.0015 0.002 -.0025  


.001 1.123 0.0025 -0.0010 0.0005 -0.0005    
.002 1.1255 0.0015 -0.0005 0.0      
.003 1.127 0.001 -0.0005        
.004 1.128 0.0005          
.005 1.1285            

Thus, for where and we get

 
    

   

    

   

Using the following table for approximate its value at Also, find an error estimate

(Note ).

0.70 72 0.74 0.76 0.78  

0.84229 0.87707 0.91309 0.95045 0.98926  

2. Solution: As the point lies towards the initial tabular values, we shall use

Newton's Forward formula. The forward difference table is:

   

0.70 0.84229 0.03478 0.00124 0.0001 0.00001    


0.72 0.87707 0.03602 0.00134 0.00011      
0.74 0.91309 0.03736 0.00145        
0.76 0.95045 0.03881          
0.78 0.98926            
In the above table, we note that is almost constant, so we shall attempt degree

polynomial interpolation.

Note that gives Thus, using forward interpolating

polynomial of degree we get

    

   

An error estimate for the approximate value is

3.

Note that exact value of (upto decimal place) is and the

approximate value, obtained using the Newton's interpolating polynomial is very close to

this value. This is also reflected by the error estimate given above.
Apply degree interpolation polynomial for the set of values given in Example

11.2.15, to estimate the value of by taking

Also, find approximate value of

Solution: Note that is closer to the values lying in the beginning of tabular

values, while is towards the end of tabular values. Therefore, we shall use

forward difference formula for and the backward difference formula for

Recall that the interpolating polynomial of degree is given by

Therefore,

1. for and we have This gives,

   
2. for and we have This gives,

   

Note: as is closer to we may expect estimate calculated using

to be a better approximation.

for we use the backward interpolating polynomial, which gives,

Therefore, taking and we have

This gives,

   

1. Following data is available for a function


x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
y 1.0 0.808 0.664 0.616 0.712 1.0

2. Compute the value of the function at and

3. The speed of a train, running between two station is measured at different distances from

the starting station. If is the distance in from the starting station, then the

speed (in ) of the train at the distance is given by the following table:

x 0 50 100 150 200 250


v(x) 0 60 80 110 90 0

4. Find the approximate speed of the train at the mid point between the two stations.

5. Following table gives the values of the function at the different

values of the tabular points

x 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.20


S(x) 0 0.00003 0.00026 0.00090 0.00214 0.00419

6. Obtain a fifth degree interpolating polynomial for Compute and also find

an error estimate for it.

7. Following data gives the temperatures (in ) between 8.00 am to 8.00 pm. on May 10,

2005 in Kanpur:

Time 8 am 12 noon 4 pm 8pm


Temperature 30 37 43 38

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