GMGMGBPGJ: Gyw Hy× I Ewnwe©K

Gm Gm GBP Gj
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi DËi

cvV-1: 1| (L); 2| (L); 3| (L); 4| (K); 5| (M); 6. (K)|
cvV-2: 1| (M); 2| (K); 3| (K); 4| (L); 5| (M)|
cvV-3 : 1| (K); 2| (L); 3| (N); 4| (M); 5| (K)|
gyw³hy× I ewnwe©k¦
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× ewnwe©‡k¦i f‚wgKv we‡kl ¸iyZ¡c~Y© GK Aa¨vq| we‡kl K‡i `yB civkw³-
hy³ivóª I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Ges ivBwRs cvIqvi (Rising power) wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ fviZ I Px‡bi
f‚wgKv Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i BwZnv‡m we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q _v‡K| D‡jøwLZ kw³mg~‡ni g‡a¨
fviZ I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb wQj mivmwi Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i mnvqK kw³| Ab¨w`‡K gvwK©b hy³ivóª
I Pxb wQj Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i we‡ePbvq wec¶ kw³| wKšÍz Zv m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ
gvwK©b Ks‡MÖm, gvwK©b wm‡bU I me©¯Í‡ii gvwK©b RbMY Ges Pxbv RbM‡bi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv wQj
Acwimxg| hv‡nvK, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× ïiy n‡qwQj Ggb GK mg‡q hLb AvšÍR©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i
†¶‡Î `yB civkw³- gvwK©b hy³ivóª I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi g‡a¨ `xN©w`b hver weivRgvb wQj
¯œvq~hy×| Av`wk©K Ø‡›`¡ we‡k¦i e„nr `yB mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I Px‡bi g‡a¨
cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i P~ovšÍ AebwZ N‡UwQj Ges wek¦ ivRbxwZ‡Z Ab¨Zg kw³ wn‡m‡e (A‡b‡Ki
g‡Z Z…Zxq kw³) Avwef‚©Z n‡qwQj Pxb| ZvQvov 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ci G `y'‡`‡ki
m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î Pig AebwZ N‡UwQj| Z`ycwi Pxb-fviZ mxgvšÍ D‡ËRbv‡Zv wQjB| Avi
BDwbU--- c„ôv 324

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
Dcgnv‡`kmn AvšÍ©RvwZK ivRbxwZi Ggwb GK †cÖ¶vc‡U 1971 mv‡ji 26 gvP© ïiy n‡qwQj
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×| ZvB evB‡ii †QvUeo †ek wKQy †`k G hy‡×i mv‡_ bvbvfv‡e Rwo‡q c‡owQj|
Avi Gme †`‡ki bxwZ I Kg©KvÛ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i MwZcÖevn‡K cÖZ¨¶fv‡eB cÖfvweZ
K‡iwQj| †fŠ‡MvwjK I f‚-ivR‰bwZKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki f‚-LÛwU ewnwe©‡k¦ †Zgb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© bv n‡jI
¯œvq~hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U †h GUv †ek ¸iyZ¡c~Y© wQj Zvi cÖgvY †g‡j gyw³hy‡×i b'gv‡m wewfbœ kw³i
cÖwZwµqv I bxwZmg~‡ni w`‡K Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡j| Z‡e GK_v mZ¨ †h, †Kvb kw³B †Kej Av`k©MZ
KviY ev gvbweK Kvi‡Y gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b ev Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡iwb, eis Gi wcQ‡b wQj cÖ‡Z¨K
kw³iB ¯^v_©-mswkøó wPšÍv-fvebv|
G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q t

• cvV-1. gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi f‚wgKv
• cvV-2. gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi f‚wgKv
• cvV-3. gyw³hy‡× hy³iv‡óªi f‚wgKv
• cvV-4. gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi f‚wgKv
• cvV-5. gyw³hy× I RvwZmsN
cvV-1
gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi f‚wgKv
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb-
• evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K fviZ †Kb mg_©b K‡iwQj Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gyw³hy‡×i mg_©‡b fviZ wK wK c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡iwQj Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex‡ì Ae`vb wK wQj Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi f‚wgKv LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| ewnwe©‡k¦i †hme kw³ evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡×i mv‡_ we‡klfv‡e RwoZ wQj fviZ Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| gyw³hy× ïiy n‡j ewnwe©‡k¦ †h
cÖwZwµqv nq †m cÖwZwµqvq fviZB cÖ_g †`k- †hLv‡b gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ AZ¨šÍ c‡RwUf cÖwZwµqv
m„wó n‡qwQj| gyw³hy‡× fviZ GZ I‡Zv‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ wQj †h fvi‡Zi Ae`v‡bi K_v D‡jøL bv
Ki‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cÖK…Z BwZnvm iPbv m¤¢e bq| wKšÍz `yf©v‡Mï welq n‡”Q eZ©gvb ch©šÍ
evsjv‡`k ev fvi‡Z G welq †Kvb cÖvgvb¨ MÖš’ iwPZ nqwb| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci A‡b‡K
BwZnvm c„ôv 325

Gm Gm GBP Gj
gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm wj‡L‡Qb- †hLv‡b cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbxi ee©iZvi weeiY Av‡Q, gyw³evwnbxi
mvnwmKZvc~Y© cÖwZ‡iva hy‡×i eY©bv Av‡Q, cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx I †`kxq `vjvj‡ì Kvh©Kjv‡ci K_v
D‡jøL Av‡Q| wKšÍz G `y-GKwU e¨wZµg Qvov evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi Ae`v‡bi K_v †Zgb
D‡jøL †bB| wew”Qbœfv‡e †Kv_vI fvi‡Zi mvgwiK mvnv‡hï K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, †Kv_vI ivR‰bwZK
mn‡hvwMZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, wKšÍz fvi‡Zi mvnv‡hï mvgwMÖK w`K KLbI Av‡jvwPZ nqwb|
1995 mv‡j mviv BD‡ivc wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i myeY© RqšÍx D`hvcb K‡i‡Q| wgÎevwnbxi †hv×v‡ì mviv
c„w_ex †_‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ †`‡k| Zv‡ì msewa©Z Kiv n‡q‡Q mvo¤^‡i,
†Uwjwfk‡b Zv‡ì ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi cvkvcvwk cÂvk eQi ciI wgÎevwnbxi exi‡hv×v Ges wbnZ‡ì
Mfxi kª×vi m‡½ ¯§iY K‡i‡Q bvrwm I d¨vwm÷ evwnbx KewjZ c~e©-cwðg BD‡ivc I ¯‹¨vwÛ‡bwfqvi
†`k¸‡jv| wKšÍz evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i iRZRqšÍx D`&hvcb Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `j,
mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb wewfbœ ai‡bi Kg©m~wP wb‡qwQj|miKvwifv‡e mvgwiK gnov,
KzPKvIqvR, †RjLvbv, nvmcvZvj I GwZgLvbvq DbœZgv‡bi Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi Kg©m~wPI †bqv
n‡qwQj| wKšÍz miKvwi ev †emiKvwi †KvbI D‡`¨v‡Mi †fZi gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi Ae`vb ¯§iY Kivi
†KvbI Kg©m~wP ¯’vb cvqwb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ fviZxq mvgwiK evwnbxi †hme m`m¨ knx`
n‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì Ae`vbI miKvwifv‡e ¯^xKvi Kiv nqwb|
gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvi KviY

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fviZ †Kb mvnvh¨ K‡i †m wel‡q gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb †jLK we‡kl
K‡i fviZxq RvZ¨vwfgvb cÖm~Z `„wóf½xi †jLKMY g‡b K‡ib †h, evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q wQj GKvË‡i
cvK-fviZ hy‡×i dmj| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb †jLK-wPšÍvwe‡ì g‡Z evsjv‡`k cÖK…Zc‡¶ fvi‡Zi
m„wó| D`vicš’x wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ †jLK I M‡elKMY g‡b K‡ib †h, cvwK¯Ív‡bi nZ¨vhÁ I
wbh©vZ‡bi weiy‡× gvbweK Kvi‡YB fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× mwµq mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj| hv‡nvK,
gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi mg_©b `vb I mn‡hvwMZvi wcQ‡b wb¤œwjwLZ KviY¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ Kiv hvq:
1. ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK KviY: evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi mvnv‡hï cÖavb we‡ePbv wQj
ivR‰bwZK| G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡K e‡j _v‡Kb †h, fviZ Zvi Rb¥kÎy cvwK¯Ívb‡K
`y'cv‡k †i‡L ïiy †_‡KB Lye A¯^w¯Í‡Z wQj| cÖ_g †_‡KB cvwK¯Ívb fvi‡Zi Rb¨ †hgb wQj mvgwiK
ûgwK †Zgwb wQj fvi‡Zi ag©wbi‡c¶ ivRbxwZiI we‡ivax| cvwK¯Ív‡bi we‡ePbvq fviZ GKwU wn›`y
ivóª Ges wn›`yiv n‡”Q gymwjg we‡ivax| cvwK¯Ív‡bi G we‡ePbv fvi‡Zi Rb¨ ¯^w¯Í`vqK wQj bv|
ZvQvov `y'mxgv‡šÍ cÖwZi¶vi Rb¨ fviZ‡K wecyj e¨qfvi enb Ki‡Z nw”Qj| myZivs 1971 mv‡j
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi my‡hv‡M cvwK¯Ívb‡K fv½vi my‡hvM †c‡q fviZ m‡½ m‡½ Zv jy‡d wb‡q
cvwK¯Ívb‡K wef³ Ki‡Z Zrci n‡q‡Q e‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib|

2. bKkvj Av‡›`vjb `gb: fvi‡Z GK †kªYxi evgcš’x eyw×Rxex I ivRbxwZwe` g‡b K‡ib †h,
cÖavbgš¿x Bw›ìv MvÜx µgea©gvb bKkvj Av‡›`vjb I bvMv we‡`ªvn‡K `gb Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i `vq wb‡Ri Kvu‡a Zz‡j wb‡qwQ‡jb| KviY gyw³Kvgx evOvwji Av‡›`vjb `xN©¯’vqx n‡j
cwðge½ mn fvi‡Zi c~e©vÂj fvi‡Zi Rb¨ mgm¨v n‡Z cvi‡Zv|
3. kiYv_©x mgm¨v: e¨vcK wbab I wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y msL¨vjNy m¤úª`vqmn e¨vcK nv‡i evOvwji
†`kZ¨vM I kiYv_©x wn‡m‡e fvi‡Z Avkªq MÖnY fvi‡Zi Rb¨ e¨vcK mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i| cÖvq GK
†KvwUi gZ kiYv_©xi fvi enb Ki‡Z fvi‡Zi weivU As‡Ki A_© e¨q n‡Z _v‡K| ïay ZvB bq,
kiYv_©xi msL¨ve„w×i m‡½ m‡½ cvwðge½, Avmvg, wÎcyiv cÖf…wZ iv‡Rï Ici A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK
Pvc µgvMZ evo‡Z _v‡K| kiYv_©xi msL¨v hZ evo‡Z _v‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiy‡× ewjôZv cÖ`k©‡bi
`vwe ¶gZvmxb Ks‡MÖ‡mi Ici ZZB e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| fvi‡Zi `w¶Ycš’x I mv¤úª`vwqK `jmg~n G
Bmy¨‡Z Ks‡MÖm‡K ivR‰bwZKfv‡e ch©`y¯Í Ki‡Z D`¨Z nq|
Ab¨w`‡K mvgwiK wbcxob Ges mš¿v‡mi c_ cwinvi K‡i ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nIqvi
Rb¨ GKgvÎ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Qvov †Kvb ivR‰bwZK kw³B cvwK¯Ívb‡K †Rviv‡jvfv‡e Pvc cÖ‡qvM
K‡iwb| wKšÍz AšÍnxb kiYv_©xi †mªvZ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ m„wó K‡i GK KwVb evaëvaKZv| G Ae¯’vq
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k ivóª cÖwZôv e¨ZxZ †h kiYv_©x †diZ cvVv‡bv m¤¢e bq Zv ¯úó n‡q I‡V| d‡j
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg‡K mk¯¿ mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i cÖwZ‡iva msMÖvg M‡o
Zzj‡Z QvÎ, kªwgK I hyeK‡K mk¯¿ †Uªwbs `v‡bi bxwZ fviZ miKvi MÖnY K‡i|
4. gvbweK KviY: mvsweavwbKfv‡e fviZ n‡”Q GKwU MYZvwš¿K I ag©wbi‡c¶ †`k| c¶všÍ‡i
cvwK¯Ívb n‡”Q GKwU ag©wfwËK ivóª- hv AwaKvsk mgq kvwmZ n‡q‡Q mvgwiK kvmK Øviv| AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi Ab¨Zg cÖavb ivR‰bwZK `k©b wQj ag©wbi‡c¶Zv- hv wQj fvi‡Zi Rb¨ ¯^w¯Í`vqK| ZvB
1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weR‡qi ci fviZ †P‡qwQj AvIqvgx jxM ¶gZvq AvmyK|
Zvn‡j cvwK¯Ív‡b MYZš¿ wd‡i Avm‡e, mvgwiK D‡ËRbv Kg‡e Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi ag©xq iv‡óªi PwiÎ
†jvc cv‡e| wKšÍz cvK mvgwiK kvmKeM© wbe©vP‡b weRqx‡ì ¶gZv cÖ`vb bv K‡i e¨vcKfv‡e nZ¨v,
al©Y Ges wbcxob I wbh©vZb ïiy Ki‡j MYZvwš¿K ivóª wn‡m‡e fviZ wbe©vP‡b weRqx evOvwji
gyw³msMÖvg‡K mg_©b K‡i Ges nZ¨v, al©Y I wbcxo‡bi weiy‡× gyw³Kvgx RbZv‡K mvgwMÖK
mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z Zrci nq|
gyw³hy‡× mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvq fvi‡Zi M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg~n

1. cÖwk¶Y `vb: †m±i KgvÛvi‡ì Aaxb wbqwgZ evwnbx‡K †Uªwbs Kiv‡bv, ZiyY m¤úª`vq‡K wiµzU
Kiv I cÖwk¶Y `vb, wewfbœ †Mwijv msMVb‡K cÖwk¶Y `vb BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡× ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj| 1971 mv‡ji 30 GwcÖj G e¨vcv‡i fviZxq †mbvevwnbx‡K
`vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges 9 †g Zv‡ì nv‡Z b¨¯Í nq gyw³hy‡× †hvM`v‡b”QzK‡ì †Uªwbs‡qi `vwqZ¡|
B‡Zvc~‡e© (GwcÖj) weGmGd wew¶ßfv‡e cÖwk¶Y, A¯¿ mieivn I mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q †h mvnvh¨
KiwQj †mbvevwnbx `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi ci †g gv‡m Zvi DbœwZ N‡U| Z‡e ZiyY‡ì †Uªwbs-Gi e¨vcv‡i
fviZxq cÖkvmb wQj wØavwef³| bKkvjev`x, bvMv, wg‡Rv cÖf…wZ mk¯¿ we‡`ªvnx‡ì ZrciZv fvi‡Zi
BwZnvm c„ôv 327

Gm Gm GBP Gj
cwðge½ I c~e©vÂ‡ji wbivcËv m¤^‡Ü fviZxq cÖkvmb‡K DwØMœ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ eivÏK…Z A¯¿mg~n mš¿vmev`x ev we‡`ªvnx‡ì nv‡Z †h †cuŠQv‡e bv- G wbðqZvi
AfveB Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wØavØ›`¡ m„wó K‡iwQj| ZvB Ôhye wkwei' I ÔAf¨_©bv wkwei'-Gi gva¨‡g ZiyY‡ì
wiµzU Ges AvIqvgx cwil` Øviv mbv‡³i ci Zv‡ì‡K †Uªwbs K¨v‡¤ú fwZ© Kiv n‡Zv †hb evgcš’xiv
†Uªwbs‡qi my‡hvM bv cvq| GRb¨ cÖ_g w`‡K gyw³hy‡× †hvM`v‡b AvMÖnx‡ì Zzjbvq †Uªwbs-Gi my‡hvM
wQj mxwgZ|
2. gywRe evwnbx MVb: fviZ †h cwiKwíZfv‡e gyw³hy‡× mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj Zvi cÖgvY gywRe evwnbx
MVb| gyw³hy× `xN©¯’vqx n‡j †bZ…Z¡ †hb KwgDwb÷ ev Pigcš’x‡ì nv‡Z P‡j bv hvq †mRb¨ e½eÜzi
ivR‰bwZK Av`‡k© mw¾Z GK`j ZiyY I hyeK‡ì wb‡q gywRe evwnbx MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| A‡b‡Ki
g‡Z, gyw³hy‡×i gvSc‡_ L›`Kvi †gvkZvK mn Av‡cvlKvgx †Kvb AvIqvgx jxM †bZv ev A¯’vqx
miKv‡ii †KD hv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ Av‡cvl Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ gywRe evwnbx MVb Riywi n‡q
c‡owQj| Z‡e gywRe evwnbx MVb wb‡q h‡_ó weZK© Av‡Q|
3. A¯¿ cÖ`vb: gyw³hy‡×i mgq fviZ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq A¯¿-k¯¿ mieivn K‡iwQj|
kw³kvjx cvwK¯Ívwb Avwg©i †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq A¯¿ Avg`vwb Ges Zv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì g‡a¨
mieivn K‡i fviZ gyw³hy‡× we‡kl f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj| j¶vwaK gyw³‡hv×vi cÖwk¶Y, A¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨
im` mieiv‡ni Rb¨ mvgwiK Lv‡Z fviZ‡K kiYv_©x‡ì wcQ‡b e¨‡qi cÖvq wØ¸Y e¨q Ki‡Z n‡qwQj
e‡j fvi‡Zi cÖwZi¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi R‰bK Kg©KZ©v Rvbvb|
4. kiYv_©x‡ì Avkªq `vb: kiYv_x©‡ì Avkªq `vb gyw³hy‡× fviZ miKv‡ii mn‡hvwMZvi Avi GK
Aa¨vq| gyw³hy‡×i mgq cÖwZw`b 20 nvRvi n‡Z 45 nvRvi Amnvq wbi¯¿ evOvwj fvi‡Z Avkªq MÖnY
K‡iwQj (26 gvP© n‡Z wW‡m¤^‡ii cÖ_g mßvn)| evsjv‡`‡ki wn›`y-gymwjg-†eŠ×-wLª÷vb wgwj‡q cÖvq
GK †KvwUi gZ †jvK fvi‡Z kiYv_©x wn‡m‡e Avkªq wb‡qwQj| G wecyj msL¨K kiYv_©xi wcQ‡b
fviZ miKv‡ii weivU As‡Ki A_© e¨q Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`k Gme kiYv_©xi Rb¨ fviZ
I evsjv‡`‡ki cÖevmx miKvi‡K †h A_© mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q Zvi cwigvY fviZxq UvKvq 50 †KvwU UvKvi
g‡Zv e‡j fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cybe©vmb mwPe wR. Gm. Kvn‡jb GK wee„wZ‡Z RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi
Kwgkb‡K Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| wKšÍz †m‡Þ¤î ch©šÍ fvi‡Zi e¨q nq 260 †KvwU UvKv| D‡jøL¨, †gvU
e¨‡qi wnmve aiv n‡qwQj 558 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| Ni-evwo †Q‡o Avmv cÖvq wbt¯^ GK †KvwUi
g‡Zv kiYv_©x- hvi g‡a¨ A‡b‡K Amy¯’ wKsev AvnZ| Zv‡ì Avkªq, Lv`¨, wPwKrmv M„nwbg©vY BZ¨vwì
Rb¨ fviZ miKvi‡K e¨vcK cÖ¯ÍywZ I Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| Ge¨vcv‡i RvwZmsN mn Ab¨vb¨
ê‡`wkK mvnvh¨ G‡mwQj A‡bK c‡i| ZvB fviZ miKvi mgq g‡Zv mn‡hvwMZv I Z¨vM ¯^xKvi bv
Ki‡j kiYv_©x‡ì cvkvcvwk gywRebMi miKvi‡K Pig g~j¨ w`‡Z n‡Zv| nq‡Zv Lv`¨ I wPwKrmvnxb
Ae¯’vq gviv †hZ A‡b‡K|
5. †eZvi †K‡›`ªi Rb¨ UªvÝwgUvi cÖ`vb: gyw³hy‡× †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix cÖevmx miKv‡ii (gywRebMi
miKv‡ii) cÖPvi cÖPviYvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wQj GKwU †eZvi †K›`ª| ZvB fviZ miKvi 50
wK‡jvIqv‡Ui GKwU UªvÝwgUvi hš¿ mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g cÖwZôv K‡iwQj ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª|

evwjMÄ mvKy©jvi †iv‡Wi GKwU evwo‡Z wQj Gi †iKwW©s ÷zwWI Ges 39, my›ìx †gvnbw÷ª‡Ui 8 Zjv
evwoi Qv` n‡Z Abyôvb cÖ‡¶cY Kiv n‡Zv|
6. fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ ˆgÎx Pyw³ ¯^v¶i: 1971 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m †nbwi wKwmÄv‡ii cÖ‡Póvq Ges
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ga¨¯’Zvq Av‡gwiKvi mv‡_ Px‡bi eid kxZj m¤ú‡K©i Aemvb N‡U| Gi d‡j Pxb I
Av‡gwiKvi Kv‡Q cvwK¯Ívb wcÖq n‡q I‡V- hv fvi‡Zi Rb¨ wQj D‡ØMRbK| G Ae¯’vq 1971 mv‡ji
9 AvM÷ fviZ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ 20 eQ‡ii ˆgÎx Pyw³ K‡i- hvi g~j welq wQj `y'‡`‡ki
†KD AvµvšÍ n‡j G‡K Aci‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Gi d‡j gyw³Kvgx RbZvi g‡bvej eû¸‡Y †e‡o
hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fviZxq mvgwiK mvnvh¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y e„w× cvq Ges fviZ AviI
`„pfv‡e evsjv‡`k‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
7. AvšÍR©vwZK †dviv‡g cÖPviYv: cÖ_gw`‡K ewnwe©‡k¦ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb wgkb wQj bv| cieZx© mg‡q
wKQy wgkb ¯’vwcZ n‡jI Zv wQj LyeB mxwgZ| ZvB †hme ¯’v‡b fvi‡Zi wgkb wQj †mme ¯’v‡b fviZ
evOvwji ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg I ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôvi †hŠw³KZv Ges wbixn evOvwji weiy‡× cvKevwnbxi
Ab¨vq AvµgY BZ¨vw` wel‡q evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ ZrciZv Pvwj‡qwQj| ïay ZvB bq, gymwjg wek¦ Ges
cwðgv kw³eM©‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ch©vqµwgK AccÖPv‡ii weiy×vPiY Kiv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ev¯ÍeZv Zz‡j
aivi †¶‡Î fvi‡Zi miKvi I we‡ivax `‡ji †bZviv Ges ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©KZ©viv Abb¨mvaviY
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖ_‡g w`wjø‡Z Ae¯’vbiZ ivóª`~Z‡ì †evSv‡bv, Zvici wewfbœ †`‡ki
miKvi cÖav‡bi Kv‡Q gš¿x ch©v‡qi `~Z cvVv‡bv Ges cieZ©x ch©v‡q hy³ivóª mn 8wU †`k mdi Kivi
gva¨‡g Bw›ìv MvÜx hy³ivóª Qvov Ab¨vb¨ †`k¸‡jv‡K Zvui Ae¯’vb AvswkKfv‡e n‡jI †evSv‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb| wek¦ RbgZ MV‡bi †¶‡Î fvi‡Zi msev`cÎ I Ab¨vb¨ MYgva¨g †hgb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i‡Q, GKBfv‡e we‡`kx MYgva¨‡gi cÖwZwbwa‡ì kiYv_©x‡ì `y`©kv, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì ZrciZv
Ges cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi aŸsmh‡Ái wb`k©bmg~n †`Lv‡bvi eë¯’vI fviZ‡K Ki‡Z n‡qwQj|
Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡Z n‡qwQj RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi Kwgk‡bi m`m¨ Ges we‡k¦i wewfbœ AÂ‡ji
ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK e¨w³Z¡‡ì|evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ gvwK©b RbgZ msMV‡bi †¶‡Î wm‡bUi
GWIqvW© †K‡bwWi fviZ mdi LyeB djcÖm~ n‡qwQj| †m‡Þ¤^‡i w`wjø‡Z m‡e©v`q †bZv RqcÖKvk
bvivqY evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖL¨vZ divwm eyw×Rxex
Avu‡`ª gvj‡iv, whwb wØZxq wek¦hy‡× wgÎevwnbxi n‡q hy× K‡iwQ‡jb, e‡jwQ‡jb †h, evsjv‡`k hw`
gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK weª‡MW MÖn‡Yi wm×všÍ †bq Zvn‡j mevi Av‡M wZwb †mB weª‡M‡W †hvM
w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ jovB Ki‡eb|Gfv‡e bvbvwea ZrciZvi gva¨‡g fviZ AvšÍR©vwZK
†dviv‡g evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mg_©‡b cÖPviYv Pvwj‡qwQj|
8. evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb: fviZ KZ…©K gyw³hy‡× evsjv‡`k‡K mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvi GK D¾¡j
Aa¨vq n‡”Q evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb| 1971 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤î fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb
K‡i| Gi d‡j wek¦ ìev‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× Ges ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i
Ges gyw³Kvgx RbZvi g‡bvej eû¸‡Y e„w× cvq| wKšÍz gyw³hy‡×i ïiy‡ZB fviZ K‡Vvi fvlvq
MYnZ¨vi wb›`v, wbh©vwZZ Ges mnvq m¤^jnxb gvby‡li Rb¨ mxgvšÍ Ly‡j †`qv, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mvnvh¨
Kiv mn cÖ‡qvRbxq me wKQy Ki‡jI gyw³hy‡×i ïiy‡Z evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `v‡bi welqwU fvi‡Zi
Rb¨ wQj LyeB ¯úk©KvZi| KviY kiYv_x© m¤ú‡K© we¯Íi mnvbyf‚wZ, D‡ØM I wb›`v Ávcb m‡Ë¡I
BwZnvm c„ôv 329

Gm Gm GBP Gj
c„w_exi †Kvb ivóªB ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi ¯^xKv‡i cÖ¯ÍzZ wQj bv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_
GKB my‡i hy³ivóª, Pxb mn cwðg BD‡ivcxq †`kmg~n g‡b KiZ †h, GUv cvwK¯Ív‡bi Af¨šÍixY
e¨vcvi| G Ae¯’vq evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qv gv‡bB cvK-fviZ hy‡×i SuzwK hv fvi‡Zi weiy‡× hy‡×
Pxb‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡e e‡j fviZ g‡b Ki‡Zv| GRb¨ gyw³hy‡×i ïiy‡ZB fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb
ivóª wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qwb|
9. wgÎ evwnbx MVb I mivmwi hy‡× AskMÖnY: 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× I gyw³‡hv×v‡ì
meai‡bi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡jI fviZ wW‡m¤^‡ii 3 ZvwiL ch©šÍ mivmwi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY
K‡iwb| Z‡e 21 b‡f¤î fviZxq evwnbx I gyw³evwnbxi mg¤^‡q †hŠ_KgvÛ MwVZ n‡qwQj| wKšÍz †h
†Kvb mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiy‡× hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i- Ggb GKwU wPšÍv I cÖ¯ÍzwZ fviZ
miKv‡ii g‡a¨ RvMÖZ wQj| gyw³evwnbxi ch©vqµ‡g Avµg‡Y h‡kv‡ii †PŠMvQv mn G‡Ki ci GK
GjvKv cvKevwnbxi nvZQvov n‡Z _vK‡j cvwK¯Ívb nVvr K‡i fvi‡Zi cwðg AÂ‡ji K‡qKwU kni
AvµgY K‡i 3 wW‡m¤î| d‡j ïiy nq cvK-fviZ hy×| wKšÍz wW‡m¤î gv‡mi 4 ZvwiL n‡Z
evsjv‡`k-fviZ †hŠ_ evwnbx GKmv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i P~ovšÍ jovB‡q AeZxY© nq| gvÎ
18 N›Uvi g‡a¨ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b cvK wegvb evwnbx cÖvq AKvh©Ki n‡q c‡o fviZxq wegvb evwnbxi
nvgjvq| fviZ 6 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q| G‡Ki ci GK iYv½‡b civwRZ n‡Z _v‡K
cvK-evwnbx| evsjv‡`‡ki weRq n‡q ùvovq mg‡qi e¨vcvi gvÎ| Ae‡k‡l 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î
Av‡m †mB Kvw•¶Z w`b| 93 nvRvi ˆmb¨ mn cvKevwnbxi c~e©vÂ‡ji KgvÛvi †Rbv‡ij wbqvRx †hŠ_
evwnbxi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i| cÖwZwôZ nq ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª evsjv‡`k| G hy‡× fvi‡Zi cÖvq 4
nvRvi Awdmvi I †Rvqvb Ges AmsL¨ †emvgwiK †jvK knx` nq|
fvi‡Zi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex‡ì Ae`vb

gyw³hy‡× fviZ miKv‡ii cvkvcvwk fvi‡Zi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×RxexMY †emiKvwi ch©v‡qI
e¨vcK f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj| Zvivk¼i e‡›`vcva¨vq‡K mfvcwZ K‡i 8 GwcÖj evsjv‡`k-fviZ mnvqK
wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K-eyw×Rxex mwgwZ MwVZ nq| fvi‡Zi weL¨vZ m½xZÁ cwÛZ iwe ksKi Av‡gwiKvi
jm G‡Äjm-G evsjv‡`k Kbmv‡U©i Av‡qvRb K‡i `k j¶ Wjvi BDwb‡md‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb kiYv_©x
wkwe‡ii wkï‡ì Rb¨| gKeyj wd`v û‡m‡bi g‡Zv AvšÍRv©wZK L¨vwZm¤úbœ wkíx evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡×i Ici Qwe Gu‡K †ev‡¤î iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq Ny‡i mvaviY gvbyl‡K DØy× K‡iwQ‡jb kiYv_©x‡ì
mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨| fviZxq Kwe-mvwnwZ¨KMY evwo evwo Ny‡i A_© msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| weKvk fÆvPvh©,
cÖKvk Kg©Kvi, k¨vgj `Ë ivq I M‡Yk cvB‡bi g‡Zv L¨vwZgvb wkíxiv dzUcv‡Z `vuwo‡q gv‡mi ci
gvm evsjv‡`‡ki Ici Qwe Gu‡K wewµ K‡i‡Qb Ges Qwe wewµi UvKv kiYv_©x wkwe‡i †cŠu‡Q
w`‡q‡Qb| wkíx evuab `vm Qwe AvuKv †Q‡o kiYv_©x wkwe‡i wM‡q wPwKrmv †K›`ª Ly‡jwQ‡jb Zvui GK
Wv³vi eÜz‡K wb‡q| Abœ`vksKi ivq, ˆg‡Îqx †èx, kvwšÍgq ivq, myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq, cÖYe iÄb ivq,
ZiyY mvb¨vj, Aa¨vcK w`jxc PµeZ©x, wbg©j PµeZ©x, i‡gb wgÎ cÖgyL Kwe mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxexiv
evwo evwo Ny‡i A_© msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| GQvovI w`wjøi wkíx axivR †PŠayix, RM`xk †` Ges wegj `vm
¸‡ßi gZ wkíxiv w`wjø, †ev‡¤^ Ges KjKvZvq cÖ`k©bx K‡i Qwe wewµi UvKv Zz‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb

evsjv‡`k Znwe‡j| wkíxiv Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb, MvB‡qiv evsjv‡`‡ki Ici, evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Mvb
†M‡q‡Qb, bvU¨Kg©xiv bvUK K‡i‡Qb, FwZ¡K NUK, ïK‡è Avi †gnZviv Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb|
me wgwj‡q fvi‡Zi wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K, eyw×Rxex‡ì †fZi Ggb e¨w³ Lye KgB cvIqv hv‡e hvuiv
†KvbI bv †KvbI fv‡e ZLb evsjv‡`k‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib wb|
mvims‡¶c
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi f‚wgKv wQj cÖZ¨¶, Mfxi I Nwbô| gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ AvšÍRv©wZK
`„wó AvKl©‡Yi e¨vcv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wbR¯^ cÖ‡Póvi cvkvcvwk fviZ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡iwQj| cÖPvi gva¨g I K‚U‰bwZK gva¨‡g fviZ wek¦ we‡e‡Ki Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q e‡jwQj
†h, Af¨šÍixY mgm¨v mgvav‡bi ARynv‡Z evsjv‡`‡k †h MYnZ¨v Pj‡Q Zv cÖwZnZ Kiv evB‡ii
kw³i ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡| fviZ gvbweK †cÖ¶vcU n‡ZB welqwU wePvi KiwQj e‡j Rvwb‡qwQj| wKšÍz
fvi‡Zi Ici kiYv_©x mgm¨v Ggb ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †h, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv e¨ZxZ G mgm¨vi
Avi †Kvb mgvavb fvi‡Zi nv‡Z wQj bv| myZivs MYnZ¨vi weiy‡× gvbweK `„wófw½i cvkvcvwk
kiYv_©x mgm¨v I Ab¨vb¨ AviI wKQy Kvi‡Y fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× mvgwiK, ivR‰bwZK I
K‚U‰bwZK mg_©b cÖ`vb K‡i| GgbwK wW‡m¤î gv‡mi 4 ZvwiL n‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki wbqwgZ evwnbxi
mv‡_ wgwjZfv‡e †hŠ_ evwnbx MVb K‡i Ges mivmwi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg
evsjv‡`k ivóª cÖwZôvq cÖZ¨¶ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| G hy‡× fvi‡Zi wbqwgZ evwnbxi cÖvq 4 nvRvi
ˆmb¨ Ges AviI A‡bK †emiKvwi †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvwb N‡U| cÖPyi A_© I †Mvjveviy` e¨q nq Ges
cwðge½, wÎcyiv mn mxgvšÍeZ©x GjvKvq Av_©-mvgvwRK I AvBb-k„´Ljv eë¯’vi Ici cÖPÛ Pvc
m„wó nq| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi Z¨vM ¯^xKvi wQj AZzjbxq|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| cÖ‡dmi mvjvn&DÏxb Avn&g` †gvbv‡qg miKvi I W. b~iyj Bmjvg gÄyi m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm (1947-1971), XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1997|
2| W. ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× civkw³i f‚wgKv|
3| gC`yj nvmvb, g~javiv '71|
4| G.Gm.Gg. mvgQyj Av‡iwdb m¤úvw`Z, gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U e¨w³i Ae¯’vb|
5| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× : `wjjcÎ, 8g I Î‡qv`k LÛ|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| gyw³hy‡×i mgq fvi‡Z wK cwigvY kiYv_©x Avkªq wb‡qwQj?
BwZnvm c„ôv 331

Gm Gm GBP Gj
(K) cÖvq GK †KvwU (L) cÖvq GK j¶

(M) cÖvq wZb j¶ (N) cÖvq GK nvRvi|
2| fviZ ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi Rb¨ KZ kw³i UªvÝwgUvi cÖ`vb K‡iwQj?
(K) 500 wK‡jvIqvU (L) 50 wK‡jvIqvU
(M) 5 wK‡jvIqvU (N) 100 wK‡jvIqvU|
3| fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q-
(K) 6 wW‡m¤î 1971 (L) 16 wW‡m¤î 1971
(M) 15 AvM÷ 1975 (N) 26 gvP© 1971|
4| fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb ˆgÎx Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ n‡qwQj KZ eQ‡ii Rb¨?
(K) 200 eQi (L) 50 eQi
(M) 10 eQi (N) 20 eQi|
5| kiYv_©x wkwe‡ii wkï‡ì Rb¨ fvi‡Zi m½xZÁ cwÛZ iweksKi wK cwigvY A_© BDwb‡md‡K
w`‡qwQ‡jb?
(K) 10 j¶ Wjvi (L) 20 j¶ Wjvi
(M) 10 nvRvi (N) 10 †KvwU Wjvi|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| fviZ ‡Kb gywRe evwnbx MV‡b mnvqZv K‡iwQj?
2| AvšÍR©vwZK †dviv‡g evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× m¤^‡Ü fviZ wKfv‡e cÖPviYv Pvwj‡qwQj?
3| 1971 mv‡ji 9 AvM÷ fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb ˆgÎx Pyw³ ¯^v¶i K‡iwQj †Kb?
4| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fviZxq wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex‡ì Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvi KviYmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× fviZ wKfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj?

cvV-2
gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi f‚wgKv
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb-
• †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †Kb gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi wewfbœ ch©vq e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†fŠ‡MvwjK w`K w`‡q Px‡bi gZ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbI `w¶Y Gwkqvi wbKUeZ©x GKwU civkw³|
wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci n‡ZB BD‡ivcxq cwigÛj Qvwo‡q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb wek¦e¨vcx Zvi cÖfve
cÖwZcwË cÖwZôvi j‡¶ mwµq n‡q I‡V Ges GKwU bZzb civkw³ wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z ïiy
K‡i| ga¨ lv‡Ui `k‡K †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb wb‡R‡K GKB m‡½ BD‡ivcxq I Gkxq kw³ wn‡m‡e
`vex K‡i| Z‡e 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq ga¨¯’ZvKvix iv‡óªi f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb cÖ_g `w¶Y Gkxq f‚-L‡Û we‡kl cÖfvekvjx n‡q I‡V| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi GB
K‚U‰bwZK cÖqv‡mi †cQ‡b †gŠj wfwËB n‡jv GB †h, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evB‡ii c„w_ex‡K Rvbv‡Z
†P‡qwQj †h, †fŠ‡MvwjK ˆbK‡Uï Kvi‡Y `w¶Y Gwkqv Zvi cÖfve-ej‡qi AšÍf©y³ GjvKv| GLv‡b
AviI GKwU welq D‡jøL¨ †h, lv‡Ui `k‡K Av‡gwiKv hZB wf‡qZbvg mgm¨vq Mfxifv‡e Rwo‡q
cowQj, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb ZZB `w¶Y Gwkqvq cÖfvekvjx n‡q DVwQj| wKšÍz mËi `k‡Ki ïiy‡Z
Av‡gwiKv I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb- G `y'civkw³i g‡a¨ ¯œvqyhy‡×i ZxeªZv †hgb n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K,
†Zgwb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I Px‡bi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©iI Pig AebwZ N‡U| AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZi Ggwb
†cÖ¶vc‡U 1971 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m ïiy nq evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×| myZivs Pxb, fviZ I †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbq‡bi cvkvcvwk Av‡gwiKvI G hy‡×i MwZ cÖK…wZ wba©vi‡Y f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj| Z‡e civkw³¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbB cÖ_g evOvwj MYnZ¨v‡K wb›`v Rvbvq| myZivs ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB g‡b Kiv nq
†h, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb AvMv‡MvovB evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj|
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †Kb evOvwji gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj?

†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †Kb evOvwji gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj Zv Aek¨B GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq| Z‡e
G‡¶‡Î Aek¨B iyk-fviZ wgÎZv I gvwK©b-cvwK¯Ívb wgÎZv Ges iyk-Pxb I fviZ-Pxb êixZvi
welqwU ¯§iY ivLv ìKvi| lv‡Ui `k‡K cvwK¯Ívb Pxb I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi mv‡_ mgvbfv‡e DbœZ
BwZnvm c„ôv 333

Gm Gm GBP Gj
m¤úK© eRvq ivLvi e¨vcv‡i m‡Pó wQj| wKšÍz iyk-Pxb weev‡ì d‡j Zv m¤¢e nqwb| 1969-Gi w`‡K
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb `w¶Y Gwkqv wbivcËv †Rv‡U mivmwi AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ici Pvc m„wó
K‡i| wKšÍz GB †RvUwU Pxb we‡ivax nIqvq cvwK¯Ívb †Rv‡U †hvM`v‡b A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| d‡j
cvwK¯Ívb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi mnvbyf‚wZ nvivq| Ab¨w`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi gva¨‡gB Pxb-Av‡gwiKv
m¤úK© ¯^vfvweK nIqvq cvwK¯Ívb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi weivMfvRb nq| myZivs 1971 mv‡j hLb
gyw³hy× ïiy nq ZLb g‡¯‹v-Bmjvgvev` m¤ú‡K©i †ek AebwZ N‡UwQj| Z‡e Zvi gv‡b GB bq †h,
g‡¯‹v cvwK¯Ívb‡K wgÎivóª wn‡m‡e m¤ú~Y© cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQj| Zvi cÖgvY 1970 mv‡jI `y'‡`‡ki g‡a¨
cvuPkvjv evwYR¨ Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ n‡qwQj| Avi GgbB †cÖ¶vc‡U evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× ïiy n‡j
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb cÖ_‡g mZK©Zvg~jK Ges cieZ©xKv‡j gyw³hy×‡K mg_©bg~jK f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡iwQj| hv‡nvK, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb KZ©„K gyw³hy×‡K mg_©‡bi wcQ‡b wbæwjwLZ KviY mg~n‡K
wPwýZ Kiv hvq-
1. AvIqvgx jxM‡K ¶gZvq ewm‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© Dbœqb: †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi †K›`ªxq
j¶ †Kvb mgqB cvwK¯Ívb ivóªxq mËvi we‡ivax wQj bv| wKšÍz evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q
cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK kvmKeM© wQ‡jb AwZgvÎvq fviZ we‡ivax I Pxb †Nlv| ZvB 1970 mv‡ji
wbe©vP‡b fviZ I g‡¯‹v †Nlv AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zk weRq AR©b Ki‡j †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb AvIqvgx
jxM‡K ¶gZvq emv‡Z Zrci nq| KviY †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi aviYv wQj †h, cvwK¯Ív‡b AvIqvgx
jxM ¶gZvq AwawôZ n‡j cvwK¯Ívb I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯^vfvweK n‡e| wKšÍz 25
gvP© iv‡Z cvwK¯Ívb KZ©„K mvgwiK evwnbxi gva¨‡g wbg©g nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡bvq ïiy nq evOvwji gyw³hy×|
ZvB G hy×‡K mg_©b Kiv Qvov †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi †Kvb weKí wQj bv|
2. fvi‡Zi c~e© cÖv‡šÍ wecøex †PZbvi cÖmvi †iva Kiv: evOvwji gyw³hy× `xN©¯’vqx n‡j µ‡g Zv
MYhy‡× iƒc †bqvi m¤¢vebv wQj| Avi Zv n‡j Avmvg mn fvi‡Zi c~e© cÖvšÍ wecøex †PZbv I we‡`ªv‡n
DØy× n‡Zv- hv fvi‡Zi Rb¨ n‡Zv weivU wec‡ì KviY| ZvB †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi j¶ wQj hZ
ZvovZvwo m¤¢e gyw³hy‡×i Aemvb Ges m¤¢e n‡j ALÛ cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªxq ¶gZvq AvIqvgx jxM‡K
¯’vcb K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb| Avi GRb¨B cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ici Pvc m„wó Ki‡Z †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb
Zrci n‡q D‡VwQj|
3. iyk-Pxb we‡iva: evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb mg_©b Kivi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡”Q iyk-
Pxb we‡iva| mgvRZvwš¿K †`k nIqv m‡Ë¡I `y'‡`‡ki g‡a¨ m¤úK© wQj Pig êixZvi| Ae¯’vUv Ggb
wQj †h, †Kvb GKwU †`k †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi wgÎ n‡j †m †`kwU Px‡bi kÎy‡Z cwiYZ n‡e| Avi
G Kvi‡YB cvwK¯Ívb Px‡bi Nwbô wgÎ nIqvq Zv †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Rb¨ weiw³i KviY n‡q
ùvovq, hwÌ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb g‡bcÖv‡Y Pvw”Qj cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ AUzU ivL‡Z| wKšÍz Pxb-
cvwK¯Ívb ˆgÎx mycÖwZwôZ nIqvq †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †eKvq`vq c‡o hvq Ges eva¨ nq evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z|
myZivs †`Lv hvq †h, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evOvwji cÖwZ ggZ¡‡ev‡a DØy× n‡q bq, eis wbR¯^ ¯^v_©
mswkøó wPšÍv-fvebv I cÖfve ejq m„wói D‡Ïk¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj|

gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi wewfbœ ch©vq

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi bxwZ me mgq GKB MwZ‡Z cÖevwnZ nqwb| mgq I
ev¯ÍeZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wewfbœ mgq †mvwf‡qZ bxwZ‡Z bvbv cwieZ©b j¶ Kiv hvq|
†mvwf‡qZ bxwZi cÖ_g ch©vq (gvP©-Ryb): evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi cÖ_g ch©v‡q mZK©Zv
I myweavev` j¶ Kiv hvq| 1971 mv‡ji 30 gvP© KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i 24Zg Ks‡MÖ‡m †eªR‡bf †h
fvlY †`b †mLv‡b RbM‡Yi b¨vqm½Z AwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z me Gkxq mgm¨vi ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi
cÖ‡Póvi K_v D‡jøL Av‡Q| G †_‡K †evSv hvq †h, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Gkxq bxwZ wQj LyeB
mZK©Zvi bxwZ| Zviv RbM‡Yi AwaKvi mgybœZ †i‡L mgm¨vi ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi c¶cvZx
wQ‡jb| ZvB evOvwji ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi m~Pbv †µgwjb †bZ…e„›`‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q GKUz wØavw¤^Z
K‡iwQj| Zviv Pvbwb †h cvwK¯Ívb †f‡½ hvK wKsev evsjv‡`‡ki gZ hy× weaŸ¯Í GKwU †`‡ki Rb¥
†nvK| KviY Ggwb `wi`ª †`k AbwZKv‡ji g‡a¨B c~uwRev`x kw³mg~‡ni Kzw¶MZ n‡e| Avi G
we‡ePbv †_‡KB †cÖwm‡W›U c`Mwb© 2 GwcÖj Bqvwnqv‡K GKwU cÎ wj‡Lb Ges Riyix wfwË‡Z i³cvZ
I wbh©vZb eÜ K‡i kvwšÍc~Y© mgvavb Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb‡K Avnevb Rvbvb| c‡Î AviI
D‡jøL Kiv nq †h, Ggb GKwU kvwšÍc~Y© mgvavb Luy‡R †ei Kiv DwPZ †hb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b b¨vqwePvi
cÖwZwôZ nq| D‡jøL¨, c`Mwb©i c‡Î,ÔevOvwj ev evsjv‡`k' kã eëüZ nqwb; eis Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb' I
ÔcvwK¯Ív‡bi Avcvgi RbMY' kãmg~n eëüZ n‡q‡Q| Avi †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi GB †h bxwZ, GUv
wQj mZK©Zv I myweavev‡ì bxwZ|Avi GB myweavev`x bxwZi Kvi‡Y 1971 mv‡ji GwcÖj n‡Z AvM÷
ch©šÍ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb cvwK¯Ívb‡K cÖPyi cwigvY Avw_©K I KvwiMwi mvnvh¨ w`‡q‡Q Ges GB
mg‡qB cvwK¯Ív‡b cÖ_g ÷xj KviLvbv I cvigvbweK kw³ Dbœqb msµvšÍ †mvwf‡qZ mvnvh¨ P~ovšÍ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKšÍz mycwiKwíZfv‡e fvimvg¨ m„wóKvix †mvwf‡qZ bxwZ fvi‡Zi Rb¨ mgm¨v m„wó
Ki‡jI fvi‡Zi AvcwË D‡c¶v K‡i †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Zvi bxwZ‡Z AUj _v‡K|
†mvwf‡qZ bxwZi wØZxq ch©vq (RyjvB-AvM÷): gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi wØZxq ch©vq‡K AwaK
mZK©Zvi bxwZ I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Gkxq bxwZi µvwšÍKvj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq| RyjvB gv‡m
Av‡gwiKvb ciivóªgš¿x †nbwi wKwmÄvi cvwK¯Ívb mdi Kivi ciB †cÖwm‡W›U wb·‡bi cÖ¯ÍvweZ Pxb
md‡ii msev` cÖPvwiZ nq- hv †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Rb¨ wQj weeªZKi| Ab¨w`‡K wcwKs †_‡K
wd‡iB †nbwi wKwmÄvi IqvwksU‡b fvi‡Zi ivóª`~Z‡K e‡jb †h, fviZ cvwK¯Ívb AvµgY Ki‡j Pxb
n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡e Ges Av‡gwiKv fvi‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ bvI GwM‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i| Gi d‡j fviZxq †bZ…e„›`
we‡klfv‡e wPwšÍZ I kw¼Z n‡q c‡ob| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbI G wel‡q wPwšÍZ n‡q c‡o| d‡j fviZ
I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cvi¯úwiK wbivcËvi Afve‡eva †_‡K 1971 mv‡ji 9 AvM÷ ¯^v¶wiZ nj
fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ ˆgÎx Pyw³| wKšÍz GB Pyw³ ¯^v¶‡ii ci fviZ †RvUwbi‡c¶ bxwZ wemR©b w`‡q‡Q
e‡j mgv‡jvPbv n‡j fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x Bw›ìv MvÜx e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒIndia will continue
to follow its policy of non-alignment as before.Ó Z‡e ev¯Íe mZ¨ n‡”Q †h, Pxb-gvwK©b
AuvZv‡Zi Rev‡eB g~jZ G Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ n‡qwQj|
BwZnvm c„ôv 335

Gm Gm GBP Gj
wKšÍz fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb ˆgÎx Pyw³ ¯^v¶‡ii ciI †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb cwic~Y©fv‡e fviZxq
`„wóf½x‡K mg_©b Kiv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K Ges evsjv‡`k cÖ‡kœ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Zvi wbR¯^
we‡ePbvi ØvivB cÖavbZ cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K| Avi G Kvi‡YB ˆgÎx Pyw³ ¯^v¶‡ii GK mßvn c‡iB
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †NvlYv K‡i †h, cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Avw_©K I KvwiMwi mvnvh¨ Ae¨vnZ
_vK‡e|
Z‡e †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi wØZxq ch©v‡q GKwU j¶Yxq cwieZ©b j¶ Kiv hvq| Avi Zv'n‡jv evOvwj
we‡ivax †Kvb AvšÍR©vwZK mgvav‡bi weiy‡× fvi‡Zi m‡½ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbI Zrci n‡q I‡V|
Aek¨ G mngwg©Zvi KviY n‡”Q- fviZ I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb DfqB †P‡qwQj g‡¯‹v I w`wjø †Nlv
AvIqvgx jxM cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¶gZvq AwawôZ †nvK| Z‡e fviZ †P‡qwQj ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k AvIqvgx
jxM miKvi Avi †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj ALÛ cvwK¯Ív‡b AvIqvgx jxM miKvi| Avi G
Kvi‡YB †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb A‡±ve‡i fvi‡Zi Ici Pvc m„wó K‡iwQj †hb fviZ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k
m¤ú‡K© AvšÍR©vwZK mg_©b Av`v‡qi †Póv bv K‡i|
†mvwf‡qZ bxwZi Z…Zxq ch©v‡q (†m‡Þ¤î-b‡f¤î): †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi Z…Zxq ch©vq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv
hvq †m‡Þ¤î n‡Z b‡f¤î ch©šÍ mgqKvj‡K| Gmgq †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi bxwZ‡Z wZbwU êwkó¨
j¶ Kiv hvq; h_v-
1. †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb fvi‡Zi GB bxwZ MÖnY K‡i †h, evsjv‡`k mgm¨vi g‡a¨ †h‡nZz AvšÍR©vwZK
msK‡Ui êwkó¨ we`¨gvb †bB| Kv‡RB welqwU RvwZms‡Ni GLwZqvifz³ bq|
2. fviZ miKv‡ii gva¨‡g †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †Póv K‡i †h, evOvwji gyw³msMÖv‡gi Av`k© †hb nq
g‡¯‹v †Nlv| Avi G bxwZi Kvi‡YB †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m g‡¯‹vcš’x AvIqvgx jxM m`m¨‡ì wb‡q GKwU
gyw³msMÖvg Dc‡`óv cwil` MwVZ nq| GKB mg‡q RvwZms‡N †cÖwiZe¨ evsjv‡`kx wgk‡bi m`m¨
iè`j Kivi Rb¨ A¯’vqx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Ici Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i wgkb †_‡K W. G.Avi. gwjøK,
Zv‡niDwÏb VvKzi I L›`Kvi †gvkZvK‡K ev` w`‡q g‡¯‹vcš’x Aa¨vcK †gvRvddi Avng`‡K
AšÍfy©³ Kiv nq|
3. †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Zvi myweavev`x bxwZ Ae¨vnZ †i‡LB †Póv K‡i †hb fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨
c~Y©v½ hy× bv euv‡a| Z…Zxq êwkó¨‡K Aek¨ gvwK©b hy³ivóª mg_©b K‡iwQj| wKšÍz cvK-fviZ hyy× ïiyi
ga¨ w`‡q G ai‡bi K‚UbxwZi e¨_©Zv cÖgvwYZ nq|
†mvwf‡qZ bxwZi †kl ch©vq (3 wW‡m¤î-¯^vaxbZv ch©šÍ): evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi
†kl Aa¨vq wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i 3 wW‡m¤î cvK-fviZ hy× ïiyi mgq n‡Z 16 wW‡m¤î
¯^vaxbZv jvf ch©šÍ mgqKvj‡K| G mg‡q wZb civkw³i wewfbœgyLx ZrciZv mviv we‡k¦ msev`
wk‡ivbvg nq| cvwK¯Ívb b¨vqm½Z I kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e evsjv‡`k mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨_© nIqvq †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbqb fviZxq `„wóf½x‡K mg_©b K‡i| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi `„wó‡Z GB mgm¨v mgvav‡bi GKgvÎ
Dcvq n‡jv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gyw³ Ges wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwa‡ì wbKU ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv wdwi‡q
†`qv| Avi G Kvi‡YB hy³ivóª ev Pxb DÌvwcZ †h †Kvb hy× weiwZ cÖ¯Ív‡ei weiy‡× †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbqb †f‡Uv w`‡Z ïiy K‡i| †f‡Uv †`qvi mg‡q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi e³e¨ wQj †h, hy× weiwZi
cÖ¯Íve MÖn‡Yi mg‡q GUvI bxwZMZfv‡e †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e †h, evsjv‡`‡ki fvM¨ wba©vi‡Yi e¨vcv‡i

evOvwj‡ì gZvgZB P~ovšÍ| Aek¨ 6 I 7 wW‡m¤î †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb `y‡Uv cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb K‡i
†hLv‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ A¶zYœ †i‡L c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ b¨vqm½Z ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi K_v
ejv n‡qwQj| GUv wQj †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi myweavev`x bxwZiB Ask| wKšÍz Av‡gwiKv I Pxb
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi G cÖ¯Íve‡K `~iwfmwÜg~jK we‡ePbv Kivq †klch©šÍ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb
hy×weiwZ wejw¤^Z Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i- †hb fviZxq evwnbx mvgwiK weR‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq I
my‡hvM cvq| cwiw¯’wZMZ Kvi‡Y G mgq †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb KZ©„c¶ fviZxq weR‡qi ga¨w`‡qB
Zv‡ì j¶ AwR©Z n‡e e‡j wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i; d‡j hy×weiwZi †h †Kvb AvšÍR©vwZK c`‡¶c‡K
cÖwZnZ Kiv †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi j‡¶ cwiYZ nq| ZvB wbivcËv cwil‡ì cwie‡Z© RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY
cwil‡` 7 wW‡m¤î GKwU hy×weiwZ cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ n‡j †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Z…Zxqev‡ii gZ †f‡Uv
cÖ‡qvM K‡i| fviZxq evwnbx XvKv `Lj Kivi c~e© gyûË© ch©šÍ †h †Kvb cÖKvi hy×weiwZi c`‡¶c‡K
evbPvj KivB wQj G †f‡Uv `v‡bi D‡Ïk¨| Avi ZvB 16 wW‡m¤î cvKevwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y Kivi ci
wbivcËv cwil‡` †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Avi †f‡Uv cÖ‡qvM bv Kivq †klch©šÍ 21 wW‡m¤î hy×weiwZ
cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ nq|
GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨ †h, XvKvi cZb hLb Avmbœ n‡q DVwQj wVK ZLbB 12 wW‡m¤î w`wjø
md‡i Av‡mb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Dc-cÖavbgš¿x fvwmwj KvR‡bZmf| 16 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ wZwb w`wjø
Ae¯’vb K‡ib| G md‡i Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj cÖavbZ `y'wU, h_v-
1. evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖK…wZ †hb g‡¯‹vcš’x nq, †mRb¨ hveZxq c`‡¶c MÖn‡Y fviZ‡K mvnvh¨
Kiv Ges
2. cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi mxgv‡šÍ P~ovšÍ AvNvZ Kiv †_‡K fviZ‡K weiZ ivLv| G‡¶‡Î Aek¨
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb Ab¨ `y'wU civkw³i m‡½ GK‡Î f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj|
myZivs †`Lv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U civkw³i †h Ø›`¡ I cÖwZØw›`¡Zv ïiy n‡qwQj
†m Ø‡›`¡ `w¶Y Gkxq f‚-L‡Û †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi †KŠkj I K‚UbxwZi Rq n‡qwQj|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi bxwZi g~j¨vqb

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi ev¯Íe I wbi‡c¶ g~j¨vqb LyeB KwVb| KviY fviZxq †jLK
I M‡elKMY †hgb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb‡K GKwU gnvbyfe kw³ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb
wR.WweøD. †PŠayix mn cvwK¯Ívbcš’x I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb we‡ivax †jLKMY Abvek¨Kfv‡e †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbq‡bi f‚wgKvi Aeg~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Gme m‡Ë¡I gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi f‚wgKv
g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡qI †mvwf‡qZ K‚UbxwZ‡Z myweavev‡ì bxwZ we`¨gvb wQj|
2. †mvwf‡qZ bxwZ cÖYq‡b gZv`‡k©i †P‡q RvZxq ¯^v_©B cÖavb f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj|
3. fviZ gnvmvM‡ii Zxi †N‡l we¯Í„Z Dcgnv‡`‡ki wekvj DcK‚j f‚wg †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Rb¨
wQj we‡klfv‡e †jvfbxq| ZvB GLv‡b †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb wQj †bŠ-e›ì I †bŠ-
BwZnvm c„ôv 337

Gm Gm GBP Gj
NuvwUi| Avi G Kvi‡YB Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖwZ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi AvMÖn wQj Ges GRb¨B †m
fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb Dfq kw³i mv‡_B m¤úK© ivL‡Z AvMÖnx wQj| GRb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb KLbB †LvjvLywj mg_©b K‡iwb ev †LvjvLywj cvwK¯Ív‡bi we‡ivwaZv K‡iwb|
4. iyk bxwZ AvMv‡Mvov myweavev‡ì Ici M‡o DV‡jI gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q G‡m †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbqb ïaygvÎ †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`kcš’x bxwZ MÖnY K‡i|
mvims‡¶c
civkw³¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb cÖ_g evOvwj MYnZ¨v‡K wb›`v K‡i| GRb¨ g‡b Kiv nq
†h, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb AvMv‡Mvov evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ wQj| †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi cUf‚wg‡Z
we`¨gvb wQj †mvwf‡qZ-Pxb weev‡ì AwfÁZv| 1969 mv‡ji gv‡P© Dmyix b`x eivei †mvwf‡qZ-
Pxb mxgvšÍ msN‡l©i ga¨ w`‡q †mvwf‡qZ-Pxb weev` Pig ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q| Avi ZLb †_‡KB `w¶Y
I `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvq Pxb‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †h cwiKíbv K‡i ZviB Ask
wn‡m‡e Pxb mgw_©Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi wec¶ kw³ fviZ‡K †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb AwaK wbf©ikxj wgÎ
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| Avi fvi‡Zi AvKv•¶vi w`‡K j¶ †i‡LB †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy×‡K A‡bKUv †klch©v‡q G‡m mg_©b K‡i| wKšÍz G mg_©b m‡Ë¡I ejv hvq †h, †mvwf‡qZ
bxwZ wQj AvMv‡MvovB myweavev`x Ges ALÛ cvwK¯Ívb bxwZi mg_©K| Avi G Kvi‡YB 6 I 7
wW‡m¤î †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †h `y'wU cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb K‡i †mLv‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ivR‰bwZK
mgvav‡bi K_vB ejv n‡qwQj- hv wQj Pxb I Av‡gwiKviI `vwe| wKšÍz Zviv †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi
g‡bvfve eyS‡Z cv‡iwb e‡jB nq‡Zv cÖ¯Íve `y'wUi ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e nqwb| Avm‡j †Kvb civkw³B
evOvwji cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva wKsev we‡Ølfvevcbœ n‡q f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwb| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki f‚wgKvi
wcQ‡bB wQj wbR¯^ RvZxq ¯^v_©, RvZxq ¯^v_©-mswkøó wPšÍv-fvebv I cvi¯úwiK cÖwZØw›`¡Zv|
Av`wk©K e¨vcviwU gyL¨ n‡j K…lK-kªwgK Z_v me©¯Í‡ii evOvwji gyw³msMÖvg‡K †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb
mg_©b KiZ| Z‡e GK_vI mZ¨ †h, †mvwf‡qZ bxwZ AvMv‡Mvov myweavev`x n‡jI gyw³hy‡×i †kl
ch©v‡q †mvwf‡qZ bxwZ wQj cy‡ivcywiB evsjv‡`kcš’x| we‡kl K‡i hy×weiwZ cÖ‡kœ wbivcËv
cwil‡` wZbevi †f‡Uv cÖ‡qvM K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg‡K evavnxb K‡i Zzj‡Z, 24
†deªyqvwi 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q Ges ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ciciB †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb
†h f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj Zv evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnv‡m GK Awe¯§iYxq Aa¨vq|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× civkw³i f‚wgKv|
2| cÖ‡dmi mvjvn&DÏxb Avn&g`, †gvbv‡qg miKvi I W. byiyj Bmjvg gÄyi m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm (1947-1971)|
3| †gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg wc.Gm.wm, gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU, we‡ivax kw³ I e„nrkw³i cÖwZwµqv|
4| wePvicwZ Avey mvC` †PŠayix, cÖev‡m gyw³hy‡×i w`b¸wj|
6| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× : `wjjcÎ, Î‡qv`k LÛ|

1| fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb ˆgÎx Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq KZ Zvwi‡L?
(K) 9 AvM÷ 1971 (L) 6 AvM÷ 1971
(M) 4 RyjvB 1971 (N) 7 gvP© 1971|
2| RvwZms‡N DÌvwcZ hy×weiwZ cÖ¯Ív‡e †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb me©‡gvU KZevi †f‡Uv ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM
K‡i?
(K) 2 evi (L) 3 evi
(M) 4 evi (N) 5 evi|
3| 1971 mv‡ji †Kvb gv‡m iyk-Pxb mxgvšÍ msNl© nq?
(K) Rvbyqvwi (L) †deªyqvwi
(M) gvP© (N) wW‡m¤î|
4| RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`k wel‡q hy×weiwZ cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ nq KZ Zvwi‡L?
(K) 7 gvP© 1971 (L) 26 gvP© 1971
(M) 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 (N) 21 wW‡m¤î 1971|
5| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vc‡U civkw³i cÖwZØw›`¡Zvq Rqjvf K‡i †Kvb kw³i K‚UbxwZ?
(K) fviZ (L) Pxb
(M) †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb (N) Av‡gwiKv|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi msw¶ß g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
2| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi êwkó¨mg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K †Kb mg_©b K‡iwQj?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi wewfbœ ch©vq Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj †Kb? gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi
g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
BwZnvm c„ôv 339

Gm Gm GBP Gj
cvV-3
gyw³hy‡× hy³iv‡óªi f‚wgKv
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb-
• gvwK©b hy³ivóª †Kb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwb Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b bxwZi wewfbœ ch©vq m¤^‡Ü AewnZ n‡eb;
• hy³iv‡óªi wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×RxweMY gyw³hy×‡K wKfv‡e MÖnY K‡iwQj Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gvwK©b ivRbxwZwe`MY gyw³hy‡× wK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gvwK©b Ks‡MÖm I gvwK©b wm‡bU gyw³hy‡× wK f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi f‚wgKv wQj evsjv‡`‡ki we‡ePbvq Lye nZvkve¨ÄK| A_©vr
gvwK©b hy³ivóª wQj ALÛ cvwK¯Ívb bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx| wKšÍz gvwK©b Ks‡MÖ‡m evsjv‡`‡ki mg_©b wQj
LyeB kw³kvjx GgbwK gvwK©b cÖkvm‡bi m‡e©v”P ¯Íi e¨ZxZ miKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ ¯Í‡i evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ wQj e¨vcK mg_©b| cÎ-cwÎKv I cÖPvi gva¨g Ges Rbg‡b gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ mg_©b
wQj cÖkœvZxZ| Av‡gwiKvi evOvwj gnjI me©‡Zvfv‡e gyw³hy‡× bvbv ai‡bi mnvqZv K‡i| GgbwK
cvwK¯Ív‡bi K~U‰bwZK wgkb¸‡jv‡Z Kg©iZ evOvwjiv GK ch©v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ Zv‡ì mg_©b
e¨³ K‡i| hy³iv‡óªi cÖvq me©Î Av‡gwiKvbiv evOvwj‡ì eÜz A_ev mvnvh¨ mwgwZ cÖwZôv K‡i RbgZ
MVb K‡i I cÖevmx evsjv‡`k miKvi Ges kiYv_x© †K‡›`ª evOvwj‡ì bvbv ai‡bi mvnvh¨ K‡i| A_©vr
†cÖwm‡W›U wb·b I ciivóªgš¿x †nbwi wKwmÄvi mn gvwK©b cÖkvm‡bi bxwZ wba©viK gnj e¨ZxZ
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ee©i nvgjv I AgvbweK Kg©Kv‡Ûi mg_©b Av‡gwiKvi †Kv_vI †Zgb †`Lv hvqwb|
gyw³hy×Kvjxb cy‡iv bq gvm wb·b cÖkvmb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ ˆbwZK, ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I
mvgwiK mg_©b hywM‡qwQj|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mg_©b bv Kiv Ges hy³iv‡óªi Ae¯’vb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ
c¶cvZg~jK nIqvi wcQ‡b wb¤œwjwLZ KviY¸‡jv‡K wPýZ Kiv hvq :
1. ZrKvjxb gvbwmKZv I ev¯ÍeZv

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× hy³iv‡óªi f‚wgKv we‡køl‡Yi †¶‡Î mgmvgwqK gvbwmKZv I ev¯ÍeZv GKwU
¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq| 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq ev mgmvgwqKKv‡j gvbevwaKv‡ii welqwU eZ©gv‡bi
gZ GZ ¸iy‡Z¡i ms‡M we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv bv| A_©vr gvbevwaKvi wb‡q AvšÍR©vwZK D‡ØM ZL‡bv
†Zgb `vbv euv‡awb| GgbwK ¯^vaxb †`‡ki mve©‡fŠgZ¡ m¤^‡Ü aviYv wQj LyeB UªvwWkbvj| gyw³hy‡×

wjß bvbv †Mvôx‡K AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^xK…wZ †`qvi †iIqvR ZL‡bv M‡o I‡Vwb| eis gyw³hy×
cwiPvjbvKvix‡ì‡K ZLb wew”QbœZvev`x ev we‡`ªvnx †Mvôx wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv| GKwU
†`‡ki GK †Mvôx‡K Aci †Mvôx KZ©„K MYnZ¨v g‡b Kiv n‡Zv †m‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY e¨vcvi| ZvB G
wb‡q Ab¨ Kv‡iv D”Pvev‡Pï AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z n‡Zv bv| G ai‡bi ev¯ÍeZvi †cÖw¶‡Z Av‡gwiKv mn
cÖvq me †`kB gyw³hy‡× mivmwi mg_©b w`‡Z BZ¯—Z K‡i|
2. cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ we‡kl eÜz‡Z¡i m¤ú‡K©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ wQj Av‡gwiKvi we‡kl eÜz‡Z¡i m¤úK©| KviY Gwkqv Z_v `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvq cÖfve
we¯Ív‡ii †¶‡Î Av‡gwiKvi wek¦¯Í eÜz wQj cvwK¯Ívb| GgbwK Av‡gwiKv hLb Gwkq ivRbxwZ‡Z
AviI †ekx cÖavb¨ ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ bZzb wgÎ LyuR‡Q wVK †mmg‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi gva¨‡gB ïiy n‡qwQj Pxb-
gvwK©b m¤úK© ¯^vfvweK Ki‡Yi m~Pbv| 1971 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡mi †kl w`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ga¨¯’Zvq
Ges †nbwi wKwmÄv‡ii `~wZqvwj‡Z Av‡gwiKvi m‡½ Px‡bi eid kxZj m¤ú‡K©i Aemvb N‡U| GB
HwZnvwmK NUbvi ga¨¯’Zvi my‡hvM †c‡q cvwK¯Ívb `yB e„nr kw³i wewkó eÜz‡Z cwibZ nq| myZivs
cvwK¯Ív‡bi m‡½ G we‡kl m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y Pxb I Av‡gwiKvi †KDB cvwK¯Ívb we‡ivax Ae¯’vb MÖnY
K‡iwb|
3. Av‡gwiKvi †mvwf‡qZ-fviZ we‡ivax bxwZ
wek¦ ivRbxwZ‡Z gvwK©b hy³ivóª I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb wQj ci¯úi we‡ivax wkwe‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡| wek¦
ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖfve we¯Ívi Kiv wb‡q Df‡qi ga¨ ¯œvqyhy× we`¨gvb wQj| ZvQvov `w¶Y Gwkq
ivRbxwZ‡Z fviZ wQj Av‡gwiKvi ¯^v_© cwicš’x| ZvB `w¶Y Gwkqvq µgcÖmvigvb iyk cÖfve
†gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb‡K kw³kvjx Kiv Av‡gwiKvi ¯^v‡_©B cÖ‡qvRb wQj|
myZivs Dch©y³ bvbv wel‡q †f‡e wP‡šÍB Av‡gwiKvi miKvwi gnj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× we‡ivax
Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡iwQj|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b bxwZ I Kg©KvÛ‡K `y'wU ch©v‡q fvM Kiv hvq|
K. gvP© †_‡K RyjvB ch©šÍ: gvP© †_‡K RyjvB ch©šÍ wQj gvwK©b bxwZi cÖ_g ch©vq| G ch©v‡q gvwK©b
bxwZi cÖK…wZ wQj †KŠkjMZ wbi‡c¶Zv| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mgm¨v we‡ePbvi Rb¨ 6 gvP© 1971
ciivóªgš¿x †nbwi wKwmÄvi gvwK©b bxwZ wba©viYx ms¯’v Ôwmwbqi wiwfD MÖyc'Gi GKwU mfv Avnevb
K‡ib| G mfvq AvÛvi †m‡µUvwi Ae †÷U G¨v‡jw·m Rbmb GB g‡g© gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h, ALÛ
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae¨vnZ Aw¯Í‡Z¡i gva¨‡gB `w¶Y Gwkqvq iyk, gvwK©b I fviZxq ¯^v_© wbivc` _vK‡e| 8
GwcÖj gvwK©b ciivóª `ß‡ii G¨vwm÷¨v›U †m‡µUvwi †Rv‡md wmm‡Kv mgm¨vwU‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi
Af¨šÍixY e¨vcvi wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡ib| wKšÍz fvi‡Z wbhy³ gvwK©b ivóª`~Z †K‡b_ KxwUs
IqvwksU‡bi GB `„wófw½i we‡ivwaZv K‡i e‡jb, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi NUbv †Kvbfv‡eB Af¨šÍixY e¨vcvi
n‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Af¨šÍixY e¨vcv‡ii ARynv‡Z mviv wek¦ `„wó wdwi‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e cÖej
Rbg‡Zi Pv‡c IqvwksUb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ mgiv¯¿ mieivn I Avw_©K mvnvh¨ ¯’wMZ ivLvi wm×všÍ
MÖnY K‡i|
BwZnvm c„ôv 341

Gm Gm GBP Gj
12 Ryb 1971 wb·b cÖkvmb AveviI c~e© cvwK¯Ívb mgm¨vi ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi Avnevb Rvbvq|
Z‡e A¯¿ mvnvh¨ eÜ _vK‡jI cÖPyi gvwK©b A¯¿ cvwK¯Ív‡b hv‡”Q e‡j cÎ-cwÎKvq mgv‡jvPbv ïiy n‡j
ciivóª `ßi †_‡K ejv nq †h, A¯¿¸‡jv mieiv‡ni Rb¨ 25 gv‡P©i Av‡MB Pyw³ ¯^v¶i Kiv n‡qwQj|
ZvQvov A‡±vei gv‡m †mŠw` Avie †_‡K hy³iv‡óªi mieivn Kiv 74wU R½x wegvb cvwK¯Ívb‡K
cvVv‡bv nq- hv wQj †Mvc‡b I c‡iv¶fv‡e cvwK¯Ívb‡K A¯¿ mieivng~jK c`‡¶‡ci GKwU Ask|
Z‡e cvwK¯Ív‡b A¯¿ cvVv‡bv m‡Ë¡I ÎvY I cybe©vmb Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ Gmgq hy³iv‡óªi mvnvh¨ cvVv‡bv
Ae¨vnZ wQj| Aek¨ Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj †nvqvBU nvDm we‡ivax mgv‡jvPbvi ZxeªZv Kwg‡q Avbv Ges
mvnvh¨ `vb Ae¨vnZ †i‡L ivR‰bwZK mgvavb Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqvi Ici Pvc
m„wó Kiv|
cÖ_g ch©v‡qi gvwK©b bxwZi êwkó¨: cÖ_g ch©v‡q gvwK©b bxwZi wZbwU êwkó¨ j¶ Kiv hvq h_v-
1| evsjv‡`k mgm¨v‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Af¨šÍixY mgm¨v wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv
2| ÎvY Kv‡R Avw_©K mvnvh¨ Ae¨vnZ ivLv|
3| cÖKv‡k¨ mvgwiK mvnvh¨ ¯’wMZ _vK‡jI wewfbœ c‡_ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ mvgwiK mvnvh¨ wbwðZ
Kiv|
L. RyjvB n‡Z ¯^vaxbZv jvf ch©šÍ ch©vq: evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b bxwZi wØZxq I †kl ch©vq ïiy
nq RyjvB gvm n‡Z- hv ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv GgbwK Zvic‡iI Ae¨vnZ wQj| G ch©v‡q gvwK©b
bxwZi `y'wU êwkó¨ j¶ Kiv hvq|
1| gvwK©b ciivóªgš¿x †nbwi wKwmÄv‡ii nVvr K‡i †eBwRs md‡ii d‡j hy³iv‡óªi cvwK¯Ívb-†Numv
bxwZ mwµq n‡q I‡V|
2| hy³iv‡óªi aviYv n‡qwQj †h cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiy‡× mvgwiK Awfhv‡b RyjvB gv‡m iyk-fviZ
cwiKíbv PyovšÍ Kiv nq| ZvB G cwiKíbv †gvKv‡ejvq hy³ivóª Zrci nq|
AvM÷ †_‡K A‡±ve‡ii g‡a¨ gvwK©b K‚UbxwZKMY mgm¨vi ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi j‡¶ KjKvZvq
Aew¯’Z A¯’vqx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM cÖwZôv K‡i| wKšÍz †KejgvÎ †kL gywR‡ei
mv‡_B G ai‡bi Av‡jvPbv n‡Z cv‡i e‡j A¯’vqx miKvi Rvbv‡bvi ci gvwK©b G D‡`¨vM e¨_© nq|
Z‡e 23 b‡f¤î n‡Z 3 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ gvwK©b cÖkvmb hy× Gov‡bvi Rb¨ AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq|
DcišÍz wb·b cÖkvmb e¨w³MZ evZ©vi gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívb, fviZ I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb‡K wnsmvZ¥K
mgvav‡bi c_ Gwo‡q Pj‡Z GKvwaKevi Aby‡iva K‡ib|
wØZxq ch©v‡q hy³iv‡óªi g~j j¶ wQj ALÛ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Aax‡b GKwU ivR‰bwZK mgvavb Lyu‡R †ei
Kiv Ges hy× Gwo‡q hvIqv| wKšÍz †KvbwUB m¤¢e n‡jv bv | Kv‡RB wØZxq ch©v‡qI gvwK©b bxwZ
m¤ú~Y© e¨_© nq|

3 wW‡m¤î cvK-fviZ hy× ïiyi ci wb·b cÖkvm‡b GB m‡›`n e×g~j n‡jv †h, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b
mvgwiK Awfhvb mdj nevi ci cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ici Pig AvNvZ nvbv n‡e| ZvB hy× ïiyi ci
†_‡KB hy³ivóª cÖPÛ fviZ we‡ivax I cvwK¯Ívb †Nulv bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡K| cvwK¯Ívb‡K hveZxq
ˆbwZK I K‚U‰bwZK mg_©b `v‡bi Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U wb·b †nbwi wKwmÄvi‡K wb‡`©k †`b| wb·‡bi G
bxwZ‡K Tilt Policy bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6 wW‡m¤î hy³ivóª fvi‡Zi Rb¨ 86.6 wgwjqb Wjvi Avw_©K mvnvh¨ mvgwqKfv‡e eÜ †NvlYv K‡i|
Aci w`‡K RvwZms‡Ni gva¨‡g K‚U‰bwZK Pvc cÖ‡qvMI Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| D‡jøL¨, 5 wW‡m¤î
RvwZms‡N gvwK©b cÖwZwbwa RR© eyk fviZ‡K cÖavb AvµgYKvix e‡j D‡jøL K‡ib| 7 wW‡m¤î
†nvqvBU nvD‡m mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b wKwmÄviI fviZ‡K AvµgYKvix I wek¦vmNvZK wn‡m‡e Awfhy³
K‡i|
hy³ivóªxq cÖkvm‡bi GKwU eo wPšÍv wQj `w¶Y Gwkqvq †mvwf‡qZ ZrciZv| ZvB w`wjø I g‡¯‹vi
Ici Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z hy³ivóª ÔG›UvicÖvBR' bvgK cvigvbweK Rvnv‡Ri †bZ…‡Z¡ 8wU Rvnv‡Ri
GKwU ÔUv¯‹ ‡dvm©' e‡½vcmvM‡i cvVv‡bvi wb‡`©k †`q| GUv ÔUv¯‹ †dvm©-74' bv‡g cwiwPZ| GKB
m‡½ GKwU hy×weiwZi j‡¶ RvwZms‡N gvwK©b K‚UbxwZ mwµq _v‡K| D‡jøL¨, hy×weiwZi j‡¶
RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv cwil‡` 4 I 12 wW‡m¤î h_vµ‡g cÖ_g I wØZxq gvwK©b hy×weiwZ cÖ¯Íve
DÌvwcZ nq| wKšÍz †mvwf‡qZ †f‡Uvi Kvi‡Y `y‡Uv cÖ¯ÍveB bvKP n‡q hvq|
gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q fviZ gnvmvM‡i gvwK©b I †mvwf‡qZ †bŠen‡ii Dcw¯’wZ N‡U- hv ej cÖ‡qvwMK
K‚UbxwZ ev †ev‡¤^‡U K‚UbxwZ (Gunboat Diplomacy) bv‡g cwiwPZ| Dfq civkw³ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
cwigvY †bŠ mgi DcKi‡Yi mgv‡ek K‡iwQj| gvwK©b †bŠen‡i wQj †PŠÏwU eo I K‡qKwU †QvU hy×
RvnvR Ges †mvwf‡qZ †bŠen‡i wQj †gvU 26 wU RvnvR| hv‡nvK, `y'c¶ msN‡l©i Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍzZ
_vK‡jI †klch©šÍ Avi msNl© nqwb| 8 Rvbyqvwi 1972 gvwK©b ÔUv¯‹ †dvm©-74' fviZ gnvmvMi Z¨vM
K‡i|
hv‡nvK, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b bxwZ GKw`‡K †hgb evsjv‡`k we‡ivax wQj, †Zgwb wbR †`‡ki
RbMY KZ…©KI bxwZwU cwiZ¨³ n‡qwQj|
hy³iv‡óª †emiKvwi ch©v‡q gyw³hy‡× f‚wgKv
hy³iv‡óªi ivóªxq cÖkvmb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× we‡ivax kw³ wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡jI gvwK©b
msev`cÎ, eyw×Rxex, ivRbxwZwe` mn †emiKvwi ch©v‡q cÖvq me©¯Í‡ii gvwK©b RbMY evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj| GgbwK A‡bK AvgjvI evOvwji msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ
mnbkxj wQj| wb‡¤œ G m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv-
gvwK©b msev`cÎmg~‡ni g‡a¨ wbDBqK© UvBgm, IqvwksUb †cv÷, g¨vb‡P÷vi MvwW©qvb, wbDBqK©
wµwðqvb mv‡qÝ gwbUi, IqvwksUb Bfwbs ÷vi, Iqvj÷ªxU Rvb©vj BZ¨vw` msev`cÎ evsjv‡`‡ki
NUbvejx m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ msev` cwi‡ekb KiZ| ÔIqvwksUb †cv÷' GK m¤úv`Kxq wbe‡Ü ¯^‡`‡ki
bvMwiK nZ¨vi Rb¨ Bqvwnqv‡K `vqx K‡i| Av‡gwiKvq K~UbxwZKM‡Yi GK‡hv‡M evsjv‡`‡ki mc‡¶
AvbyMZ¨ cwieZ©b‡K 9 AvM÷ Ôg¨vb‡P÷vi MvwW©qv‡bi m¤úv`Kxq‡Z GKwU bvUKxq NUbv I
BwZnvm c„ôv 343

Gm Gm GBP Gj
cÖwZev‡ì ewjô D`vniY wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Z‡e GKwU welq Aek¨B D‡jøL¨ †h, gvwK©b
msev`cÎmg~n cÖavbZ gvbeZvi `„wófw½ †_‡K wePvi K‡i GKwU m‡šÍvlRbK ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi
mc‡¶ e³e¨ †i‡LwQj, wKšÍz cÖZ¨¶fv‡e Zviv mevB gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwb| ZeyI gyw³hy‡×i bq
gv‡m 5 GwcÖj, 2 AvM÷ I 6 wW‡m¤î †gvU wZbevi wbDBq‡K©i cÖ”Q‡` evsjv‡`k msKU ¯’vb cvq| 2
AvM÷ I 6 wW‡m¤î †gvU 2 evi G my‡hvM nq UvBg‡m| RvZxq msev`cÎ QvovI gd¯^‡ji msev`
gva¨‡gI evsjv‡`k msKU ninv‡gkv ¯’vb †cZ| b¨vkbvj eªWKvw÷s (Gbwewm), d· †Uwjwfkb cÖf…wZ
wgwWqv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i wel‡q A‡bK Av‡jvPbv I msev` cÖKvwkZ nq| mvgwMÖKfv‡e ejv
hvq †h, miKvwi bxwZ wec‡¶ _vK‡jI gvwK©b msev` gva¨g wQj evsjv‡`‡ki cig eÜz|
gvwK©b eyw×RxexMY evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× GKwU mwµq f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ cÖkvm‡bi Ici Pvc m„wó
K‡iwQj| G‡mvwm‡qkvb di Gwkqvb ÷vwWR-Gi evwl©K m‡¤§j‡b cÖvq `y'nvRvi wk¶vwe` Awej‡¤^
MYnZ¨v e‡Üi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Rvbvb| GB m‡¤§jb Riywi wfwË‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡b ÎvY mvgMÖx cvVv‡bvi Rb¨
hy³ivóª I KvbvWv‡K Aby‡iva K‡i| nvf©vW© A_©bxwZwe` GWIqvW© g¨vmb, ievU© Wd©g¨vb I w÷‡db
gv‡M©vwbj cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Bqvwnqv mvgwiK P‡µi `gb bxwZ m‡Ë¡I evsjv‡`‡ki
Afz¨`q AeavwiZ| GQvovI wÎkR‡bi g‡Zv eyw×Rxex `je×fv‡e †NvlYv K‡ib †h, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
b¨vqm½Z `vwe‡K kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g D‡c¶v Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi cvwK¯Ív‡bi †bB|
GQvov nvf©vW© I wkKv‡Mvi Aa¨vcKe„›` evsjv‡`k m¤^‡Ü AZ¨šÍ BwZevPK cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡i| ejv
hvq wk¶v½‡b gvwK©b cwÛZ e¨w³i g‡a¨ cvwK¯—v‡bi mg_©K cvIqv `y®‹i wQj| Gme cwÛZMY
wewfbœ wee„wZ-e³…Zv I m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g gyw³hy‡×i ¯^c‡¶ ùvwo‡q wQ‡jb| wbDBq‡K© Wt †nvgvi
R¨v‡Ki ÔIqvijW Kbdv‡iÝ Ae wiwjwRqb di wcm', Rb mvjRey‡M©i ÔB›Uvib¨vkbvj Kwgkb Ae
Rywi÷m' n‡q D‡V evsjv‡`‡ki we‡kl eÜz I gyw³hy‡×i AvÇvLvbv| 22 GwcÖj B›Uvib¨vkbvj KwgwU
Ab BDwbfvwm©wU Bgvi‡RÝx (AvB.wm.BD.B) XvKvq wk¶K I QvÎ nZ¨vi Ici GKwU wee„wZ cÖPvi
K‡i| GLv‡b †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi cÖvß cwÛZmn we‡k¦i wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKk'-Gi †ekx wk¶vwe`
`¯ÍLZ K‡ib| wbDBq‡K© AbywôZ RR© n¨vwim‡bi Ôevsjv‡`k KbmvU©' wQj gyw³hy‡× GK weivU
Aby‡cÖiYv| Gfv‡e gvwK©b wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxexiv bvbvfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× mnvqZv
K‡iwQ‡jb| gvwK©b ivRbxwZwe` we‡kl K‡i K‡qKRb wm‡bUi I Ks‡MÖm m`m¨ miKvwi bxwZi K‡Vvi
mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| G‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Qb wm‡bUi GWIqvW© †K‡bwW, wm‡bUi mv·‡e, wm‡bUi
†KBm, Ks‡MÖmg¨vb MÖvm †njcvb I MvjvKvi, wm‡bUi n¨vwim, wm‡bUi cvm©x, wm‡bUi gv¯‹x, Iqvëvi
gb‡Wj I GWIqvW© eªyK cÖg~L| Z‡e GWIqvW© †K‡bwWB wQ‡jb gvwK©b cÖkvm‡bi me‡P‡q kw³kvjx
mgv‡jvPK| wm‡bUi †K‡bwWi kiYv_©x mve-KwgwU fvi‡Z kiYv_©x mgm¨v wb‡q 28 Ryb, 22 RyjvB
Ges 30 A‡±vei †gvU wZbwU ïbvwbi eë¯’v K‡ib| †kl ïbvwb Aek¨ 30 A‡±vei I 8 b‡f¤î
`y'w`b e¨vcx AbywôZ nq| cÖ_g ïbvwb‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡b Ae¨vnZ mvgwiK mieivn, wØZxqwU‡Z evsjv‡`‡k
`ywf©‡¶i m¤¢vebv Ges Z…Zxq ïbvwb‡Z msKU mgvav‡bi ivR‰bwZK D‡`¨vM I fviZ-gvwK©b m¤ú‡K©i
c~bg©~j¨vqb ¯’vb cvq|
gvwK©b Ks‡MÖ‡m cÖvq mviv eQiB evsjv‡`k msKU ¯’vb cvq| 1 GwcÖj n‡Z 17 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ
Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dfq K‡¶ evsjv‡`k msKU wb‡q 210wU wee„wZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| 45 Rb wm‡bUi Ges 36
Rb cÖwZwbwa G e³…Zv¸‡jv cÖ`vb K‡ib| cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK mvnvh¨ ¯’wMZ Kiv Ges †hme mgiv¯¿

mieivn nw”Qj Zv eÜ KivB wQj Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖ_g `vwe| G wel‡q Ks‡MÖ‡m †gvU cvuPwU cÖ¯Íve †ck
Kiv nq| hvi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖ¯ÍvewU 15 GwcÖj 1971-G †ck K‡ib wm‡bUi †KBm I gb‡Wj|
†klch©šÍ gvwK©b cÖkvmb GwcÖj gv‡mB †NvlYv †`b †h cvwK¯Ív‡b †Kv‡bv mvgwiK mvnvh¨ †`qv n‡e bv
Ges me mieivn eÜ Kiv n‡”Q| †h welqwU cÖvq `y'gvm a‡i AbeiZ ZwØi nq Zv wQj ê‡`wkK
mvnvh¨ AvB‡bi ms‡kvab| hZw`b ch©šÍ kiYv_©xiv wbivc‡` †`‡k †diZ bv hv‡e ZZw`b cvwK¯Ív‡b
me ai‡bi mvnvh¨ iwnZ Kivi Rb¨ d‡ib Gwm÷¨vÝ AvB‡b GKwU ms‡kvabx DÌvcb Kiv nq| 3
AvM÷ cÖwZwbwa cwil‡` ê‡`wkK mvnvh¨ wej we‡ewPZ nq| GQvovI cvK-fviZ hy× ïiy n‡j wbe©vnx
wefvM XvjvIfv‡e fviZ‡K hy×evR AvL¨v w`‡j Ks‡MÖ‡m Gi weiy‡× cÖwZev‡ì So I‡V| †kL
gywR‡ei wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges cÖnmbg~jK wePvi eÜ Ki‡Z n¯Í‡¶c Kivi Rb¨ 27 RyjvB 55
Rb Ks‡MÖmg¨vb Ges AvM‡÷ 11 Rb wm‡bUi †cÖwm‡W›U wb·b‡K wjwLZfv‡e Aby‡iva Rvbvb|
Gfv‡e gvwK©b Ks‡MÖm, gvwK©b wm‡bU I gvwK©b ivRbxwZwe`MY evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× we‡kl Ae`vb
†i‡LwQ‡jb|
miKvwi Avgjv‡ì f‚wgKv
gvwK©b cÖkvm‡bi A›ìgn‡ji wKQy Avgjv we‡kl K‡i ciivóª `ß‡ii wKQy Avgjv Ges XvKv¯’ gvwK©b
`~Zvev‡mi Kg©PvixMY gvwK©b cÖkvm‡bi wbi‡c¶Zv ev cvwK¯Ívb †Nlv bxwZi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib|
XvKvi Kbmvj †Rbv‡ij AvP©vi eøvW 19 Rb K‚UbxwZwe‡ì ¯^v¶imn IqvwksU‡b ciivóª `ßi‡K GK
Kov c‡Î Rvbvb †h, gvwK©b bxwZ ïay ˆbwZKfv‡eB AMÖnY‡hvM¨ bq, eis gvwK©b ¯^v‡_©iI cwicš’x|
GQvovI †÷U wWcvU‡g›U, BD.Gm.G. AvB.wW. Ges K…wl wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui A‡bK Kg©KZ©v miKvwi bxwZi
mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib|
myZivs †`Lv hvq †h, miKvwi ch©v‡q gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivwaZv Kiv n‡jI †emiKvwi ch©v‡q gyw³hy‡×i
Rb¨ wQj e¨vcK mnvbyf‚wZ| Ks‡MÖm, mykxj mgvR I cÖPvi gva¨‡gi g‡bvfve I mZK©Zv Ges
cÖkvm‡bi Af¨šÍixY Pv‡ci gy‡L wb·b-wKwmÄvi cÖkvmb cvwK¯Ívb‡K hZUv mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj wVK ZZUv Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb|
mvims‡¶c
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgq gvwK©b hy³ivóª wQj ALÛ cvwK¯Ívb bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx| ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB
gvwK©b cÖkvmb evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwb| eis cvwK¯Ívb‡K ˆbwZK A_©‰bwZK I
mvgwiK wel‡q me©`v mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k we‡ivax gvwK©b bxwZ wQj GKvšÍfv‡eB
†nvqvBU nvD‡mi, ejv hvq, †mªd wb·b-wKwmÄv‡ii e¨w³MZ bxwZ| †KejB cvwK¯Ívb cÖxwZ Qvov
Zv‡ì G bxwZi †Kvb wfwË wQj bv| Pxb-gvwK©b m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b cvwK¯Ívb `~wZqvjxi f‚wgKv cvjb
Kiv, wmqv‡Uv-†m‡›Uvi m`m¨ nIqv I hy³iv‡óªi cyiv‡bv eÜy nIqvi myev‡` cvwK¯Ívb Av‡gwiKvi
mnvbyfzwZ †c‡qwQj e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| gvwK©b cÖkvmb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ GZUvB Szu‡K c‡owQj
†h, cvigvbweK hy× RvnvR m¤^wjZ Ômßg †bŠeni' I ÔG›UvicÖvBR'†K e‡½vcmvM‡i cvwV‡qwQj|
wKšÍz miKvi cvwK¯Ívbcš’x nIqv m‡Ë¡I gvwK©b Ks‡MÖm, gvwK©b wm‡bU, cÖPvi gva¨g, me©¯Í‡ii
RbMY wQ‡jb gyw³hy‡×i AK…wÎg mg_©K| G‡ì Pv‡cB Av‡gwiKv cvwK¯Ívb‡K mvgwiK mvnvh¨ eÜ
Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| wKšÍz Zv m‡Ë¡I †Mvc‡b hy³ivóª KZ…©K cvwK¯Ívb‡K A¯¿ mieivn Ae¨vnZ wQj|
BwZnvm c„ôv 345

Gm Gm GBP Gj
gvwK©b Ks‡MÖ‡mi Dfq K‡¶ evsjv‡`k msKU wb‡q 210wU wee„wZ †`qv n‡qwQj- G †_‡K eySv hvq
†h, gvwK©b Ks‡MÖm evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× GKwU kw³kvjx mg_©‡K cwibZ n‡qwQj| wKšÍz Gme
m‡Ë¡I Ges 9 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qvi Rb¨ wbDRvwm©i Ks‡MÖmg¨vb †nbwi †nj †÷vw¯‹
KZ©„K wm‡b‡U cÖ¯Íve †ck I me©m¤§Zfv‡e 1972 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m Zv cvk nIqv m‡Ë¡I
wb·b cÖkvmb evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡iwQj 1972 mv‡ji 4 GwcÖj|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄt
1| cÖ‡dmi mvjvn&DÏxb Avn&g`, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm (1947-1971Ñ), †gvbv‡qg miKvi, W.
byiyj Bmjvg gÄyi, m¤úvw`Z|
2| Aveyj gvj Avãyj gywnZ m¤úvw`Z, Bangladesh liberation war and American Response.
3| W. ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× civkw³i f‚wgKv|
mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k¦© () wPý w`b|
1| wbivcËv cwil‡` cÖ_g gvwK©b hy×weiwZ cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ nq-
(K) 3 wW‡m¤î 1971 (L) 4 wW‡m¤î 1971
(M) 26 gvP© 1971 (N) 16 wW‡m¤î 1971|
2| wbivcËv cwil‡` wØZxq gvwK©b hy×weiwZ cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ nq-
(K) 12 wW‡m¤î 1971 (L) 7 gvP© 1971
(M) 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 (N) 26 gvP© 1971|
3| gvwK©b hy×weiwZ cÖ¯Ív‡e †f‡Uv cÖ‡qvM K‡i-
(K) Pxb (L) d«vÝ
(M) †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb (M) weª‡Ub|
4| gyw³hy‡×i mg_©‡b RR n¨vwim‡bi evsjv‡`k KbmvU© AbywôZ nq-
(K) IqvwksU‡b (L) †d¬vwiWvq
(M) g‡¯‹v‡Z (N) wbDBq‡K©|
5| XvKv¯’ gvwK©b `~Zvev‡mi †Kvb K‚UbxwZK cÖ_g evsjv‡`k wel‡q gvwK©b bxwZi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib?
(K) AvP©vi eøvW (L) gb‡Wj
(M) GWIqvW© †K‡bwW (M) MvjvKvi|
6| hy³ivóª evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i-
(K) 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 (L) 2 †deªyqvwi 1972
(M) 4 GwcÖj 1972 (N) 4 AvM÷ 1972|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b bxwZi cÖ_g ch©vq Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| gyw³hy‡× hy³iv‡óªi msev` gva¨‡gi f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3| gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex‡ì f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
4| gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b Ks‡MÖm I wm‡b‡Ui f‚wgKv g~j¨vqb Kiyb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi miKvwi bxwZ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †emiKvwi ch©v‡q gvwK©bx‡ì f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× wØZxq ch©v‡qi gvwK©b bxwZ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
cvV-4
gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi f‚wgKv
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb-
• gyw³hy×Kvjxb Px‡bi bxwZ I Kvh©µ‡gi wewfbœ ch©vq Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi we‡ivwaZvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× ewnwe©‡k¦i †hme kw³ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ wQj Pxb Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg| wKšÍz
gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi miKvwi Ae¯’vb wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ c¶cvZg~jK| evsjv‡`‡ki msKU wb‡q Px‡bi
cÖ_g cÖwZwµqv e¨³ nq 11 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqvi cÖwZ †PŠ Gb jvB-Gi wPwVi
gva¨‡g| H wPwV‡Z †PŠ Gb jvB cvwK¯Ív‡bi NUbvejx‡K †m †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY e¨vcvi e‡j Rvbvb
Ges RbMY we‡`kx n¯Í‡¶c QvovB Zv mgvavb Ki‡e e‡j D‡jøL K‡ib| GgbwK cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÔRvZxq
¯^vaxbZv' I Ôivóªxq mve©‡fŠgZ¡' i¶vq Px‡bi Ø¨_©nxb mg_©‡bi K_vI wZwb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Aek¨
wPwV‡Z wZwb mivmwi gyw³hyy× we‡ivax †Kvb e³e¨ iv‡Lb wb| Z‡e gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q Pxb evOvwji
msMÖvg I wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZI †Kvb mnvbyf‚wZ †`Lvq wb| eis cvK mvgwiK P‡µi cÖwZ Rvwb‡qwQj
AKzÚ mg_©b| GgbwK Pxbcš’x ivRbxwZwe` wnmv‡e cwiwPZ gvIjvbv fvmvbxi AvKzj Av‡e`b m‡Ë¡I
Pxbv bxwZ‡Z †Kvb cwieZ©b Av‡mwb|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×Kvjxb bq gv‡m Px‡bi bxwZ I Kvh©µg‡K `y'fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq h_v-
K. gyw³hy‡×i ïiy n‡Z 3 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ: 1971 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤î cvK-fviZ hy× ïiyi c~e© ch©šÍ Pxb
cvwK¯Ívbcš’x _vK‡jI †gvUvgywUfv‡e evOvwji msMÖvg we‡ivax †Kvb gšÍe¨ K‡iwb| GgbwK GwcÖj n‡Z
A‡±vei ch©šÍ Pxb cÖKv‡k¨ gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© †Kvb gšÍe¨ K‡iwb| Z‡e †Mvc‡b †m cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK
Pµ‡K ˆbwZK kw³ I mvnm hywM‡qwQj Ges mivmwi mvgwiK DcKiY mieivn K‡iwQj| 1971
mv‡ji 9 AvM÷ fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ Pyw³ ¯^v¶‡ii ci Px‡bi cvwK¯Ívbcš’x bxwZ AviI cÖKU n‡q I‡V|
BwZnvm c„ôv 347

Gm Gm GBP Gj
†m‡Þ¤î gv‡m Pxb cvwK¯Ívb‡K GB e‡j Avk¦¯Í K‡i †h, RvZxq ¯^v_©i¶vq Pxb cvwK¯Ívb‡K mvnvh¨
Ki‡e| ZLb ch©šÍI Px‡bi e³‡e¨ evOvwj we‡ivax †Zgb e³e¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb| GRb¨ cÖevmx
evsjv‡`k miKvi A‡bK mgq Avkv Ki‡Zb †h †klch©šÍ nq‡Zv Pxb msMÖvgx evOvwji c‡¶ ùvov‡e|
wKšÍz †m Avkv mdj nqwb| hv‡nvK, 5 b‡f¤î Pxbv‡ì Av¯’vfvRb fy‡Ævi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU cvK
cÖwZwbwa`j Pxb md‡i hvq| Pxb †_‡K AwZwi³ A½xKvi ev mvnvh¨ cvIqvi Avkvq| wKšÍz Px‡bi
fvicÖvß ciivóªgš¿x wP †cO dx c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mgm¨vi GKwU b¨vqm½Z mgvavb Luy‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨
Avnevb Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| evOvwj we‡ivax e³e¨ bv ivL‡jI cwðg cvwK¯Ívb mxgvšÍ w`‡q Pxb
wbqwgZfv‡e cvwK¯Ívb‡K mgiv¯¿ cvVv‡Zv| GQvovI †Mwijv hy‡× cÖwk¶Y `v‡bi Rb¨ Pxb A‡±vei
gv‡m XvKvq 200 (`y'k Rb) mvgwiK we‡klÁ cvwV‡qwQj| D‡jøL¨, 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i
ci n‡Z 1994 mvj ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívb †gvU 200 wgwjqb Wjvi g~‡jï Pxbv mvgwiK DciKY mvnvh¨
wnmv‡e †c‡q‡Q- hvi g‡a¨ 1971 mv‡jB mieivn K‡iwQj 45 wgwjqb Wjv‡ii A¯¿| Avi Px‡bi
ivB‡dj I Ab¨vb¨ DbœZ mgiv¯¿ w`‡qB cvKevwnbx wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q evOvwj‡K|
L. 3 wW‡m¤î n‡Z 16 wW‡m¤î 1971: 1971 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤î cvwK¯Ívb fvi‡Zi c~e©vÂ‡j mvgwiK
nvgjv Ki‡j ïiy nq mivmwi cvK-fviZ hy×| G mgq n‡Z Pxb RvwZms‡N mivmwi evOvwj we‡ivax
f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z ïiy K‡i| cvKÑfviZ hy‡×i Rb¨ Pxb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb‡K `vqx K‡i|
hy×weiwZi gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ GKwU ivR‰bwZK mgvavb Luy‡R †ei Kiv Ges cvKevwnbxi
ee©iZvi d‡j m„ó aŸsmhÁ eÜ Kivi j‡¶ 5 I 7 wW‡m¤î †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb RvwZms‡N `y'wU cÖ¯Íve
Dc¯’vcb K‡i| wKšÍz cÖ¯Íve `y‡Uvi weiy‡× Pxb cÖ_g †f‡Uv cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges Px‡bi wbR¯^ cÖ¯Ív‡e
fviZ‡K AvMÖvmx c¶ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| GLv‡b GKwU welq D‡jøL¨ †h, Pxb RvwZms‡Ni
m`m¨c` jv‡fi gvÎ 40 w`‡bi gv_vq wbivcËv cwil‡ì ¯’vqx Avmb jv‡fi ci cÖ_g cÖ¯Ív‡eB †f‡Uv
cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQj| hv‡nvK, 16 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡j Pxb GK wee„wZ‡Z ÔZ_vKw_Z'
evsjv‡`‡ki m„wói Rb¨ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I fvi‡Zi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k‡K
ÔZ_vKw_Z evsjv‡`k' e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv evOvwji ¯^vaxb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖwZ wQj Pig N„Yv I Ae‡njvi
kvwgj| GgbwK e½eÜzi g„Zzï c~e© ch©šÍ Pxb evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡eB ¯^xK…wZ †`qwb|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi we‡ivwaZvi KviY: Px‡bi gyw³hy× we‡ivax I cvwK¯Ívbcš’x bxwZ MÖn‡Yi
KviY¸‡jv‡K wb‡¤œv³fv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq-
1. Pxb wb‡RB GKwU eûRvwZK ivóª| Pxbv, g‡½vj, wZeŸwZ, ZzwK© BZ¨vw` Rb‡Mvôx wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q
Px‡bi ivóªxq mËv| AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi cÖ‡kœ Pxbv Rb‡Mvôxmg~‡ni g‡a¨ ZLbB A‡bK mgm¨v we`¨gvb|
ZvB GKvwaK RvwZ Aay¨wlZ cvk¦©eZx †Kvb †`‡k msMÖvgiZ †Kvb Rb‡Mvôx‡K mg_©b Ki‡j fwel¨‡Z
Zv Zvi Af¨šÍixY msnwZi cÖwZ ûgwK nevi m¤¢vebv wQj|
2. Pxb wb‡RB ZvBIqvb‡K g~j f‚-L‡Ûi m‡½ mshy³ Ki‡Z m‡Pó wQj| ZvB c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K
cvwK¯Ívb n‡Z ¯^vaxb nIqvi msMÖv‡g mg_©b w`‡j Zv n‡Zv Px‡bi wØgyLx bxwZiB cwiPvqK|

3. Px‡bi we‡ePbvq gyw³hy× ¯^Z:ù~Z© msMÖvg wQj bv Ges mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GUv K…lK-kªwgK RbZvi
mg_©bcyó GKwU MYhy× wQj bv| eis fviZ- cvwK¯Ívb mg_©bcyó n‡q wKQy weåvšÍ ey‡R©vqv evOvwj †bZv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi msnwZ web‡ói msMÖv‡g wjß e‡j Pxb g‡b K‡iwQj|
4. fvi‡Z AvIqvgx †bZ…e„‡›ì cÖKvk¨ Kg©KvÛ †_‡K Pxb h_v_©B Abyaveb K‡iwQj †h, evsjv‡`‡ki
Afz¨`q n‡j Zv n‡e fvi‡Zi cÖfvevaxb GKwU ivóª Ges P~ovšÍ wePv‡i Px‡bi `w¶Y mxgvšÍ GjvKvq G
ivóªwU iyk-fviZ AuvZv‡Zi GKwU Zvu‡e`vi iv‡óª cwiYZ n‡e- hv n‡e Px‡bi RvZxq wbivcËvi cÖwZ
ûgwK¯îƒc|
5. mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª nIqv m‡Ë¡I Pxb-†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb m¤úK© wQj kÎyZvi| ZvB `w¶Y Gwkqvq
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbi cÖfve m¤úªmviY †gvKv‡ejvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi m‡½ Px‡bi mn‡hvwMZv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb
wQj| we‡kl K‡i fviZ-†mvwf‡qZ ˆgÎx Pyw³ ¯^v¶‡ii ci Pxb kw¼Z n‡q c‡o †h, c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
wew”Qbœ n‡q cvwK¯Ívb `~e©j n‡q co‡j fvi‡Zi gva¨‡g `w¶Y Gwkqvq †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cÖfve
mycÖwZwôZ n‡e|
6. cvwK¯Ívb wQj Px‡bi Nwbô wgÎ| ZvB msKUKv‡j Pxb hw` cvwK¯Ívb‡K mg_©b bv K‡i gyw³hy×‡K
mg_©b K‡i, Z‡e Ab¨vb¨ eÜz iv‡óªi g‡a¨ Px‡bi eÜzZ¡ wb‡q mskq m„wó n‡e|
myZivs wbR¯^ myweav I AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZi me wKQy we‡ePbv K‡iB Pxb gyw³hy× we‡ivax Ae¯’vb
MÖnY K‡iwQj| Z‡e Px‡bi `w¶Y mxgv‡šÍi wbivcËvi ¯^v‡_© Pxb KZ„©K kw³kvjx cvwK¯Ívb wUwK‡q
ivLvi bxwZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡jI Av`wk©K w`K w`‡q wePvi Ki‡j Px‡bi bxwZ wQj weåvšÍKi| KviY
AvIqvgx jxM GKwU ey‡R©vqv `j n‡jI gyw³hy× †Kvb `‡ji wQj bv eis K…lK-kªwgK-RbZvi
AskMÖn‡Y gyw³hy× GKwU MYhy‡× cwiYZ n‡qwQj| Avcvgi RbZv wQj G hy‡×i cÖavb kw³| myZivs
ejv hvq †h, Av`k© bq eis RvZxq ¯^v‡_©B Pxb wQj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× we‡ivax|
mvims‡¶c
gyw³hy‡×i bq gv‡m Px‡bi †h f‚wgKv wQj Zv AvcvZ`„wó‡Z cvwK¯Ívb †Nlv n‡jI g~jZ Zv wQj
Px‡bi RvZxq wbivcËv I AvÂwjK ALÛZv wbwðZ Kivi bxwZ| `w¶Y Gwkqvq Px‡bi weiy‡× iyk-
fviZ AuvZv‡Zi d‡j Pxb †ek kw¼Z n‡q c‡owQj| myZivs ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡YB †m cÖwZ‡ekx Aci
ivóª cvwK¯Ívb Ges Ab¨Zg civkw³ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi w`‡K Suz‡K c‡owQj| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi we‡ivwaZvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Pxbcš’x `j¸‡jvi f‚wgKv‡KI †QvU K‡i †`Lvi
AeKvk †bB| KviY Pxbcš’x `j¸‡jv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb‡K
ey‡R©vqv c_ e‡j Zv MÖnY K‡iwb Ges AvIqvgx jxM KZ…©K M„nxZ †h †Kvb c`‡¶‡ci g‡a¨
fvi‡Zi MÜ LyuR‡Z e¨¯Í _vK‡Zv| myZivs G‡`‡ki evg‡ì Kg©KvÛI Pxbv bxwZ‡Z cÖfve
†d‡jwQj| Z‡e miKvwifv‡e Pxbv bxwZ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i wec‡¶ n‡jI Px‡bi AwaKvsk
RbM‡Yi mg_©b wQj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ| ZvB 1971 mv‡ji 7 b‡f¤î fy‡Ævi Pxb
mdiKv‡j wcwKs-G GK`j Pxbv hyeK fy‡Æv I cvwK¯Ívb we‡ivax †¯øvMvb w`‡q Rvb‡Z Pvq †h,
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi †Kb c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì b¨vqm½Z ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Ki‡Q|
me‡P‡q eo K_v n‡”Q, Pxb RvwZms‡N †f‡Uv ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡q cÖ_geviB †f‡Uv ¶gZv
BwZnvm c„ôv 349

Gm Gm GBP Gj
cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQj evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi weiy‡×| GgbwK evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ciI Pxb
evsjv‡`k‡K ÔZ_vKw_Z' evsjv‡`k e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| W. ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× civkw³i f‚wgKv|
2| †gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg wc.Gm.wm, gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU: we‡ivax kw³ I e„nrkw³i cÖwZwµqv|
4| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×: `wjjcÎ, Î‡qv`k LÛ|
1| †Mwijv hy‡× cÖwk¶Y `v‡bi Rb¨ Pxb A‡±vei gv‡m XvKvq KZRb mvgwiK we‡klÁ cvwV‡qwQj?
(K) 100 Rb (L) 200 Rb
(M) 500 Rb (N) 1000 Rb|
2| 1971 mv‡j Pxb cvwK¯Ívb‡K wK cwigvY g~‡jï A¯¿ mieivn K‡iwQj?
(K) 45 wgwjqb Wjvi (L) 450 wgwjqb Wjvi
(M) 100 wgwjqb Wjvi (N) 500 wgwjqb Wjvi|
3| wbivcËv cwil‡` ¯’vqx Avmb jvf (†f‡Uv ¶gZv jvf) Kivi ci Pxb †Kvb †`‡ki weiy‡× cÖ_g
†f‡Uv ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQj?
(K) fviZ (L) †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb
(M) evsjv‡`k (N) cvwK¯Ívb|
4| Pxb †Kvb †`k‡K wbR¯^ f‚L‡Ûi m‡½ mshy³ Ki‡Z m‡Pó wQj?
(K) ZvBIqvb (L) g‡½vwjqv
(M) fviZ (N) †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb|
5| evsjv‡`‡ki msKU wb‡q Px‡bi cÖ_g cÖwZwµqv e¨³ nq KZ Zvwi‡L?
(K) 1971 mv‡ji 8 gvP© (L) 1971 mv‡ji 30 gvP©
(M) 1971 mv‡ji 2 GwcÖj (N) 1971 mv‡ji 11 GwcÖj|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i ïiy n‡Z cvK-fviZ hy× ïii c~e© ch©šÍ Pxbv bxwZ I Kvh©µg e¨vL¨v
Kiyb|
2| 1971 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤î cvK-fviZ hy× ïiyi ci n‡Z gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ Pxbv bxwZ e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
3| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi we‡ivwaZvi `y'wU KviY D‡jøL Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi bxwZ I Kvh©µg e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
2| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× Pxb †Kb we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQj? Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|

cvV-5
gyw³hy× I RvwZmsN
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb-
• evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× RvwZmsN †Kvb ai‡bi gvbweK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv Rvb‡Z
cvi‡eb;
• hy× eÜ I ivR‰bwZK mgvavb cÖ‡kœ RvwZmsN wK wK D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb;
• gywRebMi miKvi I RvwZms‡Ni g‡a¨ m¤úK© †Kgb wQj Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• †kLgywReyi ingv‡bi wePvi I gyw³`vb wel‡q RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb wel‡q RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv wK wQj Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× I ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv `w¶Y Gwkqvi mv¤úªwZK BwZnv‡m GKwU Av‡jvob
m„wóKvix NUbv| KviY GKwU AvÂwjK I Af¨šÍixY mgm¨v µgk gyw³msMÖv‡g iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges GK
ch©v‡q AvÂwjKZv Qvwo‡q Zv AvšÍR©vwZK Bmy¨‡Z cwiYZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× wQj cvK
kvmK‡ì †kvlY, eÂbv, nZ¨v, wbcxob, wbh©vZb BZ¨vwì weiy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô RbZvi
(cÖvq 56 fvM) ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg| myZivs †h msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô RbZvi mg_©b †m
msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv n‡e ¸iyZ¡c~Y© GUvB ¯^vfvweK| wKšÍz RvwZmsN Ggb GKwU wek¦
ms¯’v †hLv‡b cÖavbZ e„nr kw³e‡M©i m¤§wZ‡Z wm×všÍ M„nxZ I ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| A_©vr †Kvb GKwU
we‡kl Bmy¨‡Z e„nr kw³e‡M©i `„wóf½x wK ev H Bmy¨‡K Zviv wKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q g~jZ Zvi Ici
wfwË K‡iB RvwZms‡Ni wm×všÍ MÖnY I Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| e„nr kw³e‡M©i HKgZ¨ e¨ZxZ
RvwZmsN †Kvb Kvh©Ki D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× RvwZms‡Ni
f‚wgKv g~j¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î G welqwU we‡klfv‡e ¯§iY ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv ev Kvh©µg‡K K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq, h_v-
K. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× gvbweK Kvh©µg msµvšÍ ZrciZv;
L. hy× eÜ I ivR‰bwZK mgvavb cÖ‡kœ wewfbœ D‡`¨vM MÖnY;
M. gywRebMi miKvi I RvwZmsN;
N. †kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖkœ I RvwZmsN;
O. evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb cÖkœ I RvwZmsN|
BwZnvm c„ôv 351

Gm Gm GBP Gj
K. gvbweK Kvh©µg msµvšÍ ZrciZv:

gvbweK Kvh©µg msµvšÍ f‚wgKvq RvwZmsN ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| we‡kl K‡i kiYv_©x‡ì
fiY-†cvl‡Yi †¶‡Î RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv wQj we‡klfv‡e ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i m~Pbv ce©
n‡ZB kiYv_©x mgm¨v cÖKU n‡q I‡V Ges `ªyZ GwU `w¶Y Gkxq AvÂwjK msKU n‡Z GKwU
AvšÍR©vwZK Bmy¨‡Z cwiYZ nq| wewfbœ cwimsL¨vb n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi I
¯^vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœ wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci GZ wecyj cwigvY Rb‡Mvôx Avi KL‡bv ev¯ÍzPy¨Z nqwb|
RvwZMZ wbcxob, wn›`y we‡Øl I MYnZ¨vi Kvi‡Y we‡kl K‡i 1971-Gi 25 gvP© gaïv‡Z †h evOvwj
wbabhÁ ïiy nq Zvici n‡Z cÖvYf‡q I wbivcËvi mÜv‡b j¶ j¶ gvbyl cvk¦©eZ©x fvi‡Zi
mxgvšÍeZ©x MÖvg I kni¸‡jv‡Z Avkªq †bq| wW‡m¤î bvMv` kiYv_x©‡ì msL¨v ùvovq cÖvq 1 †KvwU|
GB wecyj cwigvY kiYv_x©i Lv`¨, cvbxq, JlacÎ, gv_v‡MuvRvi VvB BZ¨vw` bvbvwea mgm¨v GK
RwUj Ae¯’v m„wó K‡i| Avi GB RwUj Ae¯’v †gvKv‡ejvq A_©vr kiYv_©x mgm¨v I gvbweK wel‡q
RvwZmsN ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| RvwZms‡Ni fvlvq; The organization (UN) mounted largest
humanitarian operation in its history during and after in conflict over Bangladesh.
1971 mv‡j RvwZmsN kiYv_©x ms¯’vi (UNHCR) cÖavb wcÖÝ mìywÏb AvMv Lvb kiYv_©x mgm¨v‡K
RvwZms‡Ni Rb¨ GK gvbweK P¨v‡jÄ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡ib| hv‡nvK, gvbweK mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq
Dcgnv‡`‡k RvwZms‡Ni `y‡Uv wgkb KvR K‡i| Gi GKwU cwiPvwjZ nq fvi‡Z, AciwU `LjxK…Z
evsjv‡`‡k (c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b)|
kiYv_©x mgm¨vq gvbweK mvnvh¨ cÖ`v‡b mnvqZvi Rb¨ RvwZmsN mivmwi cÖ¯Íve cÖ`vb K‡i 1971
mv‡ji 1 GwcÖj| wKšÍz RvwZms‡N wbhy³ cvwK¯Ívwb ivóª`~Z AvMvkvnx mivmwi Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
Z‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I RvwZmsN gnvmwPe D-_v›U 22 GwcÖj wØZxqev‡ii gZ gvbweK
mvnvh¨ cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv‡K cÎ †`b| G c‡Î gnvmwPe c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cwiw¯’wZ wb‡q
D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡ib| Bqvwnqv‡K wZwb Rvbvb †h, 25 gv‡P©i Ôµ¨vKWvDb'Gi ci XvKv †_‡K
RvwZms‡Ni †h mKj Kg©KZ©v †dir G‡m‡Qb Zv‡ì gva¨‡g Ges wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K wZwb cwiw¯’wZi
†bwZevPK cÖeYZv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ n‡q‡Qb| GQvovI RvwZms‡Ni KvVv‡gv‡Z gvbevwaKv‡ii †h
bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q Zvi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©‡bi welqwUi Ici wZwb ¸iyZ¡v‡ivc K‡ib| Bqvwnqv‡K wZwb
Rvbvb †h, cvwK¯Ív‡bi m¤§wZ †c‡j RvwZmsN Ges Zvi we‡klvwqZ ms¯’v¸‡jv GKwU Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wZwb AviI Rvbvb †h, mv¤úªwZK NUbv cÖev‡n c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY †h `~M©wZ I
gvbweK wech©‡qi gy‡L c‡o‡Q Zvi mnvqZvq RvwZmsN f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
m‡iRwg‡b kiYv_©x ch©‡e¶Y: m‡iRwg‡b kiYv_©x ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ RvwZmsN kiYv_©x ms¯’vi
(UNHCR) cÖavb mìywÏb AvMv Lvb Ryb gv‡mi wØZxq I Z…Zxq mßv‡n fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb mdi
K‡ib| 12 Ryb wZwb PyqvWv½v I †ebv‡cv‡j cvwK¯Ívb miKvi ¯’vwcZ `y‡Uv K¨v¤ú cwi`k©b K‡ib Ges
wKQy e¨w³i mv¶vrKvi MÖnY K‡ib| Aek¨ Gme K¨v¤ú wQj g~jZ mvRv‡bv I cÖZviYvg~jK †KŠk‡ji
Ask| cvwK¯Ívb mdi †k‡l 15 Ryb wZwb KjKvZv †cuŠ‡Qb Ges fviZ mdi †k‡l 23 Ryb †R‡bfvq
GK mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b wZwb e‡jb †h, ivR‰bwZK mgvavbB kiYv_©x‡ì g‡b cÖK…Z Av¯’v I wek¦vm
Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i| mìywÏb AvMv LvbB RvwZms‡Ni cÖ_g D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v whwb m‡iRwg‡b NUbvejx

ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i GB ¯^xKv‡ivw³ K‡ib| Z_vwc RvwZmsN cieZ©x gvm¸‡jv‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ †Kvb
mgvav‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqwb| Z‡e fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡b RvwZms‡Ni G‡RÝxmg~‡ni ÎvY ZrciZv mg¤^q
Kivi Rb¨ ms¯’vwU BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii gZ †R‡bfvq GKwU wbe©vnx ms¯’v (Standing Committee)
MVb K‡i|
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡ì ZrciZv: RvwZms‡Ni A½ ms¯’v ÔA_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK

cwil`'-Gi mì `dZi †R‡bfvq cwil‡ì 51Zg Awa‡ekb ïiy nq 1971 mv‡ji 5 RyjvB|
D‡Øvabx fvl‡Y RvwZmsN gnvmwPe fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡b ÎvY ZrciZvq Ask wb‡Z wewfbœ †`k I
ms¯’v‡K Avnevb Rvbvb| RvwZmsN kiYv_©x ms¯’vi cÖavb mìywÏb AvMv Lvb wi‡cvU© K‡ib †h, fvi‡Z
kiYv_©x‡ì Rb¨ AviI e¨vcK mvnvh¨ cÖ‡qvRb| wZwb AviI e‡jb †h, msKU †gvKv‡ejvq ms‡kvwaZ
ev‡RU Abyhvqx 40 †KvwU Wjvi cÖ‡qvRb Ges G ch©šÍ wewfbœ †`‡ki gÄyix, RvwZms‡Ni wewfbœ ms¯’vi
Aby`vb I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb †_‡K 9 †KvwU 94 Wjvi cvIqv †M‡Q| wZwb kiYv_©x wkwei¸‡jv‡Z
K‡jivi wUKv fviZ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii weeiY †`b|
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡ì 11 w`be¨vcx weZK© I Av‡jvPbvi ci 16 RyjvB Dcgnv‡`‡k
RvwZms‡Ni ÎvY Kvh©µg‡K Aby‡gv`b Kiv nq| G Aby‡gv`‡bi gva¨‡g `y‡Uv ¯^Zš¿ ÎvY Kvh©µg‡K
¯^xK…wZ †`qv nq-
1. fviZ AvwkªZ evOvwj kiYv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ ÎvY Kvh©µg- hv wQj RvwZms‡Ni BwZnv‡m me©e„nr ÎvY
Kvh©µg| Gi ZË¡veav‡b wQj RvwZms‡Ni kiYv_©x ms¯’v|
2. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ÎvY Kvh©µg| GwU cwiPvwjZ nq RvwZms‡Ni GKRb AvevwmK cÖwZwbwai †bZ…‡Z¡|
GwU wQj Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ¶z`ª Kvh©µg|
1. fvi‡Z AvwkªZ kiYv_©x‡ì g‡a¨ ÎvY Kvh©µg: fvi‡Z AvwkªZ wecyj cwigvY kiYv_©x‡ì
mvnv‡h¨ cÖ_g fviZ miKviB GwM‡q Av‡m Ges cieZ©xKv‡j `ªyZ welqwU AvšÍRv©wZK ch©v‡q Dc¯’vcb
K‡i| 1971 mv‡ji 1 GwcÖj RvwZms‡N wbhy³ fvi‡Zi ¯’vqx cÖwZwbwa mgi †mb wbwj©ß RvwZms‡Ni
mgv‡jvPbv K‡i RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei wbKU †cÖwiZ GK evZ©vq D‡jøL K‡ib †h, gvbweK `~M©wZi G
gyn‚‡Z© RvwZms‡Ni wbw¯ŒqZv I bxieZv‡K `~M©Z RbMY D`vmxbZv g‡b K‡i| 18 †g fviZxq
cÖavbgš¿x Bw›ìv MvÜx e„nr kw³i cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q e‡jb †h, kiYv_©x‡ì `vq`vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡Z
e„nr kw³e‡M©i GwM‡q Avmv DwPZ| fviZ hyw³ †`Lvq †h, cvwK¯Ívb Zvi †emvgwiK bvMwiK‡ì
fvi‡Z †V‡j w`‡q fviZxq A_©bxwZ‡Z gvivZ¥K Pvc m„wó Ki‡Q| fvi‡Zi G ai‡bi cÖPviYvq
RvwZmsN mn e„nr kw³i A‡b‡KB kiYv_©x mgm¨vq Avw_©K mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb K‡i|
kiYv_©x‡ì mvnv‡hï Rb¨ wewfbœ †`‡ki Kv‡Q RvwZms‡Ni AvnŸvb: fvi‡Z AvwkªZ kiYv_x©‡ì
mvnvh¨ `v‡bi Rb¨ 19 †g RvwZmsN gnvmwPe wewfbœ †`‡ki miKvi, †emiKvwi ms¯’v I RbM‡Yi
wbKU Av‡e`b Rvbvb| Aek¨ Gi c~‡e© 23 GwcÖj RvwZms‡N wbhy³ fvi‡Zi ¯’vqx cÖwZwbwa mgi †mb
gnvmwP‡ei mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i me©cÖ_g fviZ miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K kiYv_©x‡ì Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni
BwZnvm c„ôv 353

Gm Gm GBP Gj
mnvqZv Kvgbv K‡ib Ges 12 †g wZwb fvi‡Z Avkªq MÖnYKvix evOvwj kiYv_©x‡ì GKwU ZvwjKv
RvwZms‡N cÖ`vb K‡ib| fviZ miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K wZwb RvwZmsN gnvmwPe I wewfbœ we‡klvwqZ
ms¯’v¸‡jv‡K mvnvh¨ cÖ`v‡bi Av‡e`b Rvbvb| D‡jøL¨, RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei Av‡e`‡bi ci c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb msKU `ªyZ AvšÍR©vwZK iƒc †bq|
1971 mv‡ji Ryb ch©šÍ RvwZmsN fviZ‡K kiYv_©x‡ì mvnv‡hï Rb¨ 9,80,00,000 gvwK©b Wjvi
(98 wgwjqb Wjvi) A_© cÖ`vb K‡i| cieZ©x gvm¸‡jv‡Z RvwZmsN AviI †ek wKQy mvnvh¨ I
mvnv‡hï Avk¦vm cÖ`vb K‡i| Z‡e me©mvK‚‡j¨ mvnv‡hï cwigvY wQj 215 wgwjqb Wjvi| cÖ‡qvR‡bi
Zzjbvq GUv wQj LyeB bMb¨|
4 A‡±vei †R‡bfvq RvwZmsN kiYv_©x ms¯’vi wbe©vnx KwgwUi êV‡K ms¯’vi cÖavb mìywÏb AvMv Lvb
D‡jøL K‡ib †h, ïay fvi‡Z kiYv_©x wkwe‡i ÎvY Pvwj‡q G mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤¢e bq| GgbwK
kiYv_©x‡ì e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ AviI A‡bK A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb e‡j wZwb D‡jøL K‡ib| b‡f¤î gv‡mi
gvSvgvwS RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡ì Z…Zxq KwgwUi êV‡K wZwb D‡jøL K‡ib †h, fviZ I
cvwK¯Ív‡b RvwZmsN mvnvh¨ n‡”Q wek¦ BwZnv‡m AvKvk c‡_ Ab¨Zg e„nr gvbweK mvnvh¨| GB êV‡K
wZwb cÖwZw`‡bi e¨q I GKKvjxb e¨‡qi wnmve Dc¯’vcb K‡ib Ges kiYv_©x ms¯’vi wewfbœ
c`‡¶‡ci weeiY †`b| fvi‡Zi ivRavbx bqvw`wjø‡Z kiYv_©x ms¯’vi AvevwmK cÖwZwbwai †bZ…‡Z¡
BDwb‡md, wek¦Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP I wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi cÖwZwbwaiv cwðge½, Avmvg I wÎcyivq AMwYZ
kiYv_©x wkwe‡i KvR Ki‡Qb e‡j wZwb D‡jøL K‡ib| wZwb Rvbvb †h, kiYv_©x mvnv‡hï Rb¨ fviZ
GwcÖ‡j 17 †KvwU 50 j¶, 26 Ryb 400 †KvwU Wjvi, Ges 26 A‡±vei 709 †KvwU Wjvi `vwe K‡i|
hv‡nvK, kiYv_©x‡ì msL¨v `ªyZ †e‡o hvIqvi Kvi‡YB †h fvi‡Zi `vwe µgk †e‡o‡Q, mìywÏ‡bi
cÖwZ‡e`b ZviB cÖgvY enb K‡i| Aek¨ Dcgnv‡`‡k kvwšÍ wdwi‡q G‡b jvL jvL kiYv_©xi cÖvY
evuPv‡bv hvq e‡jI mìywÏb AvMv Lvb cybivq D‡jøL K‡ib| hv‡nvK Z…Zxq KwgwU‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ
mìywÏb AvMv Lv‡bi weeiY n‡Z ZrKvjxb mgq ch©šÍ fvi‡Z RvwZms‡Ni cY¨ mvnv‡hï GKwU wPÎ
cvIqv hvq:
mvnv‡hï welq mvnv‡hï cwigvb
1. Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ 6267 Ub
2. hvbevnb 2200wU
3. Jla mvgMÖx 700 Ub
4. Avkªq ˆZixi Rb¨ cwjw_b 30 j¶ kiYv_©xi Rb¨ hv cÖ‡qvRb
fvi‡Z kiYv_©x‡ì e¨vcK Pvc‡K fviZ Zvi Ici cvwK¯Ív‡bi wmwfj AvMÖvmb e‡j wPwýZ K‡i| GB
kiYv_x©iv fviZxq A_©bxwZi Ici †h cÖej Pvc m„wó K‡i Zv †mLv‡b Kg©iZ RvwZms‡Ni Kg©KZ©vivI
¯^xKvi K‡ib| wKšÍz kiYv_©x‡ì Rb¨ fviZ wKQy AvšÍR©vwZK mvnvh¨ †c‡jI cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Zv
wQj AcÖZzj| ZvB fviZ‡K Zvi wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡K kiYv_x©‡ì Rb¨ AwaKvsk e¨q wbe©vn Ki‡Z
n‡q‡Q|
RvwZmsN Ges Gi A½ ms¯’v¸‡jv kiYv_©x‡ì Zvr¶wYK gvbweK mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvav‡b mwµq f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i| wKšÍz GB gvbweK mgm¨vi ¯’vqx mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wQj ivR‰bwZK wm×všÍ| Z‡e

RvwZms‡Ni kiYv_©x ms¯’v I Ab¨vb¨ we‡klvwqZ ms¯’vi GLwZqv‡ii g‡a¨ Zv wQj bv| Ab¨w`‡K
fviZ †P‡qwQj †h, kiYv_©x mgm¨v AvšÍR©vwZK Bmy¨‡Z cwiYZ n‡j Ges AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úª`vq kiYv_©x
mgm¨vi mgvav‡b e¨_© n‡j fviZ evsjv‡`‡k n¯Í‡¶c Kivi AvBbMZ hyw³ Lyu‡R cv‡e| RvwZmsN mn
Ab¨vb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’vi e¨_©Zvq fviZ h_vixwZ Zv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj|
2. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ÎvYKvh© cwiPvjbv: c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b RvwZms‡Ni mvnvh¨ cÖ¯Íve‡K cvwK¯Ívb cÖ_g
w`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i Ges G ai‡bi D‡`¨vM‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Af¨šÍixY wel‡q n¯Í‡¶c e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i| wKšÍz 17 †g Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi A_©‰bwZK Dc‡`óv wgR©v †gvRvddi Avn‡g` RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei
mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b RvwZms‡Ni mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ib| ewnwe©‡k¦i K~U‰bwZK Pvc Ges
1970-Gi cÖjqsKix R‡jv”Q¦vm, gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡ì AwMœms‡hvM I jyUZivR,
†¶‡Zi dmj †i‡L fvi‡Z cvwj‡q hvIqv, fqnxb wP‡Ë dmj Drcv`b Ki‡Z bv cviv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y
`ywf©‡¶i càŸwbi gy‡L Bqvwnqvi bxwZ‡Z bvUKxq cwieZ©b N‡U| d‡j m¤¢ve¨ `ywf©¶ cÖwZ‡iv‡a
RvwZmsN mn AvšÍR©vwZK mvnvh¨ Qvov †Kvb weKí wQj bv| G Ae¯’vq RvwZmsN gnvmwPe cvwK¯Ív‡bi
Aby‡iv‡a 16 Ryb wØZxqevi wek¦evmxi wbKU Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q e‡jb- cvwK¯Ívb miKvi I RvwZms‡Ni
ms¯’vmg~n g‡b K‡i †h, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Lv`¨ mvgMÖxi Riywi cÖ‡qvRb Ges ÎvYKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
cwienb ìKvi| d‡j RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M c~e© cwK¯Ív‡b cwiPvwjZ nq UNEPRO (United
Nations East Pakistan Relief Operation) Kvh©µg|
UNEPRO-†Z KvR Kivi Rb¨ GKwU wiwjd wUg MV‡bi welqwU RvwZmsN mì `dZi †_‡K †NvlYv
Kiv nq 2 AvM÷| G `jwUi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© ejv nq †h, G‡ì KvR n‡e m¤ú~Y© ÎvY ZrciZv
welqK| Z‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b RvwZmsN ÎvY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ RvwZmsN kiYv_©x ms¯’vi
cÖwZwbwa Rb Avi. †Kwj B‡Zvc~‡eB A_©vr 28 RyjvB XvKvq AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| AvM‡÷i gvSvgvwS
ch©šÍ gnvmwPe ¯^qs Ges Gici mnKvix gnvmwP‡ei gh©v`vcÖvß divwm K‚U‰bwZK cj gvK© †nbwi c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b RvwZmsN ÎvY Kvh©µg ZË¡veavb K‡ib|
RvwZmsN ÎvY weZi‡Y bvbvwea cÖwZeÜKZv: mì `ß‡ii cwiKíbv I mnvqZv m‡Ë¡I RvwZmsN
I †emiKvwi ms¯’v¸‡jvi mvnvh¨ ¶zavZ© gvbyl I f‚³‡fvMx‡ì nv‡Z Lye KgB †cuŠ‡Q| KviY RvwZmsN
Kg©KZ©viv ÎvY weZi‡Y bvbvwea mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb, h_v-
1. RvwZms‡Ni wewfbœ ms¯’vi hvbevnb cvwK¯Ívwbiv wewfbœ mgq wb‡R‡ì mvgwiK Kv‡R eënvi
K‡i| GgbwK RvwZms‡Ni ÎvY mvgMÖxI wewfbœ mgq wQwb‡q †bq| cvK †mbvevwnbx QvovI Zv‡ì
evOvwj mn‡hvMx †hgb, ÔkvwšÍ KwgwU' I ÔivRvKvi' evwnbxi m`mïv RvwZmsN ÎvY mvgMÖx AvZ¥mvr
GgbwK †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b Zviv RvwZms‡Ni ÎvY mvgMÖx wb‡q eëmv K‡i e‡jI Awf‡hvM cvIqv
hvq|
2. RvwZmsN Kg©KZ©v I ÎvY Kg©xMY ¯’vbxq fvlv Rvb‡Zb bv| d‡j Zv‡ì‡K ÎvY weZi‡Y cvK
miKv‡ii Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z nq|
3. cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j hvZvqv‡Zi †¶‡Î Zv‡ì c~e© †Kvb AwfÁZv wQj bv| d‡j GKUv fxwZ me©`vB
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ KvR KiZ Ges gvV ch©v‡qi cwiw¯’wZ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì AÁZv wQj A‡bK|
BwZnvm c„ôv 355

Gm Gm GBP Gj
4. RvwZmsN Kg©KZ©v‡ì Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbx RvwZmsN ÎvY ZrciZv‡K wb‡R‡ì
AbyK‚‡j eënvi K‡i, BZ¨vw`|
RvwZms‡Ni ÎvY Kvh©µg wb‡q G ai‡bi cÖnmb I `~M©wZ m‡Ë¡I RvwZmsN Kg©KZ©viv K‡qKwU ÎvY
weZiY †K›`ª cwi`k©b Qvov †Zgb wKQy K‡ib wb| Aek¨ Gi mv‡_ Zv‡ì wbivcËvi cÖkœwUI
we‡klfv‡e RwoZ wQj| Z‡e RvwZms‡Ni ÎvY ZrciZv wb‡q e¨vcK mgv‡jvPbvi gy‡L b‡f¤î gv‡m
RvwZmsN Zrci n‡q I‡V Ges GKwU kw³kvjx Ae¯’vb †bq| b‡f¤î gv‡m RvwZmsN cvwK¯Ívb
miKv‡ii mv‡_ GKwU Pyw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡i Ges †mLv‡b ÎvY mvgMÖx weZi‡Y c~Y© wbqš¿Y MÖnY K‡i|
Pyw³ Abyhvqx ÎvYKg©xiv Aev‡a c~e©evsjvq cÖ‡ek I PjvP‡ji AwaKvi AR©b K‡i| GgbwK ÎvY
ZrciZv‡K m¤ú~Y© gvbweK e‡jI Pyw³‡Z D‡jøL Kiv nq|
RvwZms‡Ni wewfbœ ms¯’vi mv‡_ †emiKvwifv‡e †hme AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v KvR K‡iwQj Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg
GKwU Kg©m~wP n‡”Q ÔBDwb‡md-†Kqvi wkï Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP'| G Kg©m~wPi D‡`¨v³vMY cvK kvmK‡ì
mv‡_ wjwLZfv‡e Pyw³ K‡ib †h, ¯‹z‡j Dcw¯’wZi cvkvcvwk Abycw¯’Z QvÎ/QvÎx‡ì‡KI mvnvh¨ †`qv
n‡e| Gi d‡j †hme QvÎ/QvÎxiv f‡q ev Ab¨ Kvi‡Y ¯‹z‡j †hZ bv ZvivI mvnvh¨ cvq Ges Kg©m~wPwU
mdj nq|
wKšÍz fviZ-cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ mivmwi msNl© ïiy nIqvi ci RvwZmsN gnvmwPe D-_v›U 1971 mv‡ji
6 wW‡m¤î GK wee„wZ‡Z SzuwKc~Y© Kvi‡Y mvnvh¨ mvgMÖx cwienb Am¤¢e nIqvq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ÎvY
ZrciZv ¯’wMZ †NvlYv K‡ib| Aek¨ fvi‡Z ÎvY ZrciZv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
L. hy× eÜ I ivR‰bwZK mgvavb cÖ‡kœ wewfbœ D‡`¨vM MÖnY

kiYv_x© mgm¨v µgk GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK msK‡Ui cUf‚wg m„wó K‡i| d‡j fiY-†cvl‡Yi g‡Zv
gvbweK Kg©Kv‡Ûi cvkvcvwk ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi welq wb‡q wewfbœ gn‡j wPšÍv-fvebv ïiy nq| Z‡e
evsjv‡`k msKU‡K e„nr kw³¸‡jv ¯^xq RvZxq ¯^v‡_©i AbyK~‡j eënvi Kivi Rb¨ cÖKvk¨ Ges †Mvcb
K‚U‰bwZK D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| GKB mgvšÍiv‡j RvwZmsN wKQy D‡`¨vM MÖnY I wKQy cÖwZwµqv e¨³
K‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei e¨w³MZ D‡`¨vM I RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY
cwil‡ì evwl©K Awa‡ek‡b m`m¨ †`kmg~‡ni cÖwZwµqv|
1. RvwZmsN ch©‡e¶K †gvZv‡q‡bi cÖ¯Íve: RvwZmsN gnvmwPe 1971 mv‡ji 19 RyjvB RvwZms‡N
fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯’vqx cÖwZwbwaØ‡qi Kv‡Q cÖ¯Íve K‡ib †h, mxgv‡šÍi `yB cÖv‡šÍ kiYv_©x cÖZ¨veZ©b
Z`viwK Kivi Rb¨ UNHCR-Gi cÖwZwbwa ev ch©‡e¶K †gvZv‡qb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cvwK¯Ívb miKvi
Avb‡›ì mv‡_ G cÖ¯Íve MÖnY K‡i| wKšÍz fviZ I gywRebMi miKvi cÖ¯ÍvewU `„pfv‡e evwZj K‡i
†`q| D‡jøL¨ cÖ_gw`‡K fviZ †P‡qwQj †h, c~e©evsjvq MYnZ¨v eÜ I †mLvb †_‡K Avmv kiYv_©x‡ì
mgm¨v mgvav‡b RvwZmsN n¯Í‡¶c KiyK| Ab¨w`‡K cÖ_‡g cvwK¯Ívb kiYv_©x cÖ‡kœ RvwZms‡Ni RwoZ
nIqvi welqwU‡K †g‡b wb‡Z Pvqwb Ges G ai‡bi †h †Kvb D‡`¨vM‡K cvwK¯Ívb Zvi Af¨šÍixY
wel‡q n¯Í‡¶‡ci mvwgj e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i| wKšÍz †g gvm †_‡K hy³iv‡óªi civg‡k© Bqvwnqv Lvb
RvwZms‡Ni hveZxq D‡`¨vM †g‡b wb‡Z m¤§Z nq I K‚U‰bwZK ZrciZvq mwµq n‡q I‡V hv‡Z
RvwZms‡Ni Pv‡c fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg‡K mg_©b eÜ K‡i w`‡Z eva¨ nq Ges RvwZms‡Ni

ga¨¯’Zvq Zv‡ì cÖZ¨veZ©b m¤¢e nq| wKšÍz fviZ welqwU Abyaveb K‡i RvwZms‡Ni gvbweK
D‡`¨v‡Mi QÙvei‡Y ivR‰bwZK f‚wgKv MÖn‡Yi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z _v‡K| KviY RvwZmsN gnvmwPe
MYnZ¨v eÜ I gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi wel‡q G‡Kev‡iB bxie wQj| ¯úóZB ch©‡e¶K †gvZv‡q‡bi
D‡Ïk¨ wQj cÖ_gZ, evsjv‡`‡ki Pvi cvk wN‡i †i‡L gyw³evwnbxi hy×vwfhvb cÖwZ‡iva Kiv Ges
wØZxqZ, gyw³evwnbxi c‡¶ fviZxq mnvqZvi c_ eÜ Kiv| hv‡nvK, gywRebMi miKvi I fvi‡Zi
cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi ci RvwZmsN Kg©KZ©viv kiYv_©x ms¯’vi ch©‡e¶K †gvZv‡q‡bi cÖ¯ÍvewU evwZj K‡i
†`q|
2. wbivcËv cwil` eivei RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei ¯§viKcÎ cÖ`vb: cvK-fviZ mxgv‡šÍ ch©‡e¶K
†gvZv‡q‡bi cÖ¯Ív‡ei GKw`b ci 20 RyjvB 1971 RvwZmsN gnvmwPe 99 aviv Abyhvqx wbivcËv
cwil‡ì mfvcwZ I m`m¨ ivóªmg~‡ni eive‡i GKwU ¯§viKcÎ cÖ`vb K‡ib| gnvmwP‡ei GB
¯§viKcÎ we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, wZwb g~j Bmy¨¸‡jv Gwo‡q †M‡Qb Ges Zuvi G D‡`¨v‡Mi j¶
wQj cvwK¯Ívb‡K wKQyUv mnvqZv Kiv| KviY evsjv‡`k msKU‡K wZwb fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi c~e©eZ©x
kÎyZvi †Ri wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡QbÑ hv cÖK…Zc‡¶ mZ¨ bq Ges fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb‡K wZwb
wee`gvb c¶ wn‡m‡e †`wL‡q‡Qb, wKšÍz evsjv‡`k †h GKwU c¶ Zv wZwb D‡jøL K‡ibwb| ZvQvov
1971 mv‡ji c~e©eZ©x we‡k¦i wewfbœ AÂ‡j AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi ebvg ivóªxq ALÛZvi g‡a¨ †h Ø›`¡ I
msNvZ n‡qwQj Zvi D‡jøL K‡i evsjv‡`k msKU‡KI wZwb Av‡eMc~Y© cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ
K‡i‡Qb GgbwK cvKevwnbx KZ©„K evOvwji MYnZ¨vi welqwU wZwb D‡jøLB K‡ib wb|
3. RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb I evsjv‡`k cÖm½: 1971 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡ii wØZxqv‡a©
ïiy nq RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡ì 26Zg evwl©K Awa‡ekb| RvwZms‡Ni G Awa‡ek‡b G‡RÛvfy³
welq wn‡m‡e Ôevsjv‡`k msKU' mivmwi ¯’vb cvqwb| Z‡e gnvmwP‡ei evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b I wewfbœ
†`‡ki cÖwZwbwa‡ì e³‡e¨ evsjv‡`k cÖm½ G‡m‡Q| gnvmwPe KZ…©K evsjv‡`k kãwUi D‡jøL bv Kiv
Ges ¯^qs mvaviY cwil‡ì mfvcwZi evsjv‡`k msKU‡K D‡c¶v Kiv m‡Ë¡I 57wU †`k Zv‡ì
e³‡e¨ evsjv‡`k cÖm½wU DÌvcb K‡i| Gi g‡a¨ 24wU †`k mgm¨vi gvbweK w`K Ges 33wU †`k
gvbweK wel‡qi mv‡_ mgm¨vi ivR‰bwZK w`KwU wPwýZ K‡i| Awa‡ek‡bi mfvcwZ B‡›`v‡bwkqvi
ciivóª gš¿x Av`g gvwjK evsjv‡`k cÖ‡kœ mvaviY cwil‡` weZ‡K©i c‡¶ wQ‡jb bv| wZwb mgm¨vwU‡K
g~jZ fviZ-cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨Kvi wØ-cvw¶K mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡ib Ges ivR‰bwZK mg‡SvZvq
†cuŠQv‡Z Dfq †`‡ki Ici cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii K_v D‡jøL K‡ib| Aek¨ Awa‡ekb ïiyi `y'w`b Av‡M
RvwZmsN gnvmwPe D-_v›U Zuvi evwl©K wi‡cv‡U© gšÍe¨ K‡ib †h, hwÌ ÔM„nhy‡×i' welqwU cvwK¯Ív‡bi
Af¨šÍixY welq Z‡e G welq †_‡K †h mKj mgm¨vi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q Zv AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úª`v‡qi Rb¨
Aek¨B D‡Ø‡Mi KviY Ges ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi AMÖMwZ LyeB Kg| hv‡nvK, RvwZms‡Ni
mvaviY cwil‡` evsjv‡`k msKU Av‡jvwPZ nIqvq we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍi †h kZvwaK m`m¨ ivóª
Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb K‡i Zviv evsjv‡`‡ki mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nq|
4. RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei Good Office cÖ¯Íve: evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× hLb GKwU P~ovšÍ cwiYwZi w`‡K
AMÖmi nw”Qj wVK †m mgq RvwZmsN gnvmwPe msKU wbim‡b Av‡iKwU D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| 20
A‡±vei fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii Kv‡Q GK c‡Î wZwb Zvui Good Office eënv‡ii cÖ¯Íve †`b|
gnvmwP‡ei GB cÎwUi AšÍwb©wnZ A_© n‡jv mgMÖ welqwU‡K wZwb fviZ- cvwK¯Ívb msNvZ wn‡m‡e
BwZnvm c„ôv 357

Gm Gm GBP Gj
we‡ePbv K‡ib| cvK †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv LvbI mgm¨vwU‡K cvK-fviZ msN‡l© cwiYZ Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| myZivs †`Lv hvq †h, Bqvwnqv I RvwZmsN gnvmwPe `y'RbB mgm¨vwU‡K †`‡L‡Qb cvK-
fviZ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e| KviY Zvn‡j evOvwji gyw³msMÖvg AgxgvswmZ †_‡K hvIqvi m¤¢vebv wQj| ZvB
gnvmwP‡ei cÖ¯Ív‡ei GKw`b ciB cvwK¯Ívb cÖ¯ÍvewU‡Z m¤§wZ Rvbvq| wKšÍz fviZ wKQyUv mgq wb‡q
16 b‡f¤î †KŠk‡j gnvmwPe‡K Rvbvq †h, fviZ-cvwK¯Ív‡bi cwie‡Z© Zvui DwPZ Bqvwnqv Lvb I
AvIqvgx jxM †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb Kiv| fviZxq cÖavbgš¿xi G evZ©vq gnvmwP‡ei weiy‡×
g~j mgm¨v cvk KvwU‡q †KŠk‡j cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiK RvšÍv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z PvIqvq GKwU cÖ”Qbœ Awf‡hvM
D”PvwiZ nq| RvwZmsN gnvmwPe G‡Z weeªZ‡eva K‡ib Ges 22 b‡f¤î fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿xi D‡Ï‡k
†cÖwiZ evZ©vq Awf‡hvM A¯^xKvi K‡ib|
Dcgnv‡`‡k f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni AviI GKwU D‡`¨v‡Mi Gfv‡eB mgvwß N‡U| myZivs
†`Lv hvq †h, 1971 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS n‡Z RvwZmsN gnvmwPe `y'mxgv‡šÍ ch©‡e¶K wb‡qvM, Good
Office eënv‡ii cÖ¯Íve BZ¨vw` †hme D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib Zv AvcvZ`„wó‡Z mvay D‡`¨vM g‡b n‡jI
Gme wQj hy³ivóª we‡klZ wb·b-wKwmÄvi RywUi wPšÍvavivi cwic~iK| hy³ivóª, Pxb I gymwjg
†`k¸‡jv †m mgq G ai‡bi D‡`¨vM Avkv KiZ|
M. gywRebMi miKvi I RvwZmsN:

gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q gywRebMi miKvi I RvwZms‡Ni g‡a¨mivmwi †Kvb m¤úK© wQj bv| Z‡e c‡iv¶
m¤úK© wQj cÖ_g †_‡KB Ges gyw³hy‡×i †kl w`b¸‡jv‡Z Zv AviI we¯Í„Z nq| 1971 mv‡j `w¶Y
Gwkqvq RvwZms‡Ni ÎvY Kvh©µ‡gi g~j j¶ wQj gywRebM‡ii Amnvq gvbyl| A_©vr gywRebM‡ii
Amnvq gvby‡li mv‡_ G wek¦ cÖwZôvbwUi GKwU Mfxi m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ nq| Z‡e gywRebMi miKv‡ii
cÖwZwbwa `‡ji mv‡_ RvwZms‡Ni mivmwi cÎ †hvMv‡hvM nq AvM÷ gv‡m| cvwK¯Ívb miKvi
ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi Awf‡hv‡M †kL gywR‡ei wePv‡i D‡`¨vMx n‡j RvwZms‡Ni mnKvix gnvmwP‡ei Awd‡mi
wW‡i±i eªvqvb B. DiKznvU© eivei 18 AvM÷ †cÖwiZ GK c‡Î gywRebMi miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K Rbve
gI`y` Avn‡g` H gvgjvq †kL gywR‡ei AvBbRxex nevi B”Qv e¨³ K‡ib| Rev‡e 27 AvM÷ eªvqvb
Rvbvb †h, AvBbMZ RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y gI`y`‡K gywR‡ei AvBbRxex wn‡m‡e wbhy³ Ki‡Z gnvmwPe
Zvi Good Office eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv|
†m‡Þ¤î gv‡mi ïiy‡Z gywR‡ei wePvi ïiy n‡j gI`y` Avn‡g` eªvqv‡bi eivei GKwU wPwV wj‡L
Rvbvb †h, RvwZmsN mb` Abyhvqx gnvmwP‡ei cvwK¯Ív‡bi wePvi eë¯’vq n¯Í‡¶c Ki‡Z mxgve×Zv
Av‡Q| wKšÍz gnvmwPe hw` Zuvi Good Office eënvi K‡i †kL gywR‡ei mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib,
Zvn‡j gywRe wbðqB Zuvi AvBbRxex wn‡m‡e gI`y`‡KB †c‡Z PvB‡eb| Z‡e G †hvMv‡hvM †ekx`~i
AMÖmi nqwb|
†m‡Þ¤î gv‡m evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii GKwU cÖwZwbwa `j RvwZmsN fe‡b evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li
b¨vqm½Z msMÖv‡gi c‡¶ †Rviv‡jv cÖPviYvq AeZxY© nq| 4 wW‡m¤î hy× eÜ I wek¦kvwšÍ cÖ‡kœ
wbivcËv cwil‡ì Riywi êVK ïiy n‡j cÖwZwbwa `‡ji †bZv wePvicwZ Avey mvC` †PŠayix wbivcËv
cwil‡ì mfvcwZi wbKU GKwU c‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i HwZnvwmK ev¯ÍeZv Zz‡j a‡ib Ges
gywRebMi miKv‡ii c‡¶ e³e¨ ivLvi Av‡e`b Rvbvb| Z‡e evsjv‡`k †h‡nZz ZLb ¯^vaxb †`k

wKsev RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ wQj bv ZvB evsjv‡`k †cÖwiZ cÖwZwbwa `j †Kvb miKvwi cÖwZwbwa `j wQj
bv| GRb¨ RvwZmsN fe‡b Zv‡ì cÖ‡ek Kiv wQj †ek Kómva¨ e¨vcvi| G‡¶‡Î Zviv RvwZmsN
mvsevw`K mwgwZi mfvcwZ W. †hv‡M›`ªbv_ e¨vbvR©xi mnvqZvq RvwZmsN fe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zb|
cÖ‡ek c‡Î ïay ZvwiL _vKZ| †Kvb RvqMv ev mg‡qi D‡jøL bv _vKvq B”QvgZ †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b Xz‡K
Zviv ZwØi Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| ïay ZvB bq, W. e¨vbvRx©i mnvqZvq RvwZmsN †cÖm DBs-G Aew¯’Z
†UwjMÖvd Awdm n‡Z mnR I myjf g~‡j¨ Rbve †PŠayix gywRebMi miKv‡ii wbKU Nb Nb ZvievZ©v
cvwV‡q mvewjj ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb|
4 wW‡m¤î wbivcËv cwil‡ì Riywi êV‡K gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa `‡ji †bZv Avey mvC`
†PŠayix‡K e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM `vb cÖ‡kœ e¨vcK weZ‡K©i ci Zuv‡K e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM †`qv bv
n‡jI Zuvi e³e¨ m¤^wjZ cÎwU wbivcËv cwil‡ì Awdwmqvj WKz‡g›U wn‡m‡e MÖnY I wewj Kiv nq|
A_©vr GwU wQj GK ai‡bi c‡iv¶ ¯^xK…wZ|GB cÖ_g RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li e³e¨
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g mivmwi D”PvwiZ nq| G we‡ePbvq gywRebMi miKv‡ii Rb¨ RvwZmsN
wQj Ab¨Zg ¸iyZ¡c~Y© d«›U|
N. †kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖkœ I RvwZmsN:

e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖ‡kœ RvwZms‡Ni f~wgKv wQj we‡kl ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| 1971 mv‡ji 9 AvM÷
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi Awf‡hv‡M †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wePv‡ii Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| G
Ae¯’vq 10 AvM÷ RvwZmsN gnvmwPe †kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖ‡kœ cvK mvgwiK miKv‡ii D‡`¨v‡M
n¯Í‡¶c K‡ib| wZwb ¯úófv‡e D‡Ø‡Mi mv‡_ D‡jøL K‡ib †h, †kL gywR‡ei wePv‡ii welqwU LyeB
¯úk©KvZi welq| wZwb welqwU‡K ïay cvwK¯Ív‡bi wePvi eë¯’vi GLwZqvivaxb welq wn‡m‡e bv †f‡e
eis Gi ivR‰bwZK ¸iyZ¡ mn gvbweK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K G‡K GKwU e¨wZµgx welq wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv
K‡ib| International Commission of Jurist AvM÷ gv‡m †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi wbKU †cÖwiZ
GK †UwjMÖv‡g †Mvcb wePv‡ii weiy‡× ûwkqvwi D”PviY K‡ib| 27 AvM÷ gywRebMi miKv‡ii
cÖwZwbwa gI`y` Avng‡ì wbKU GK c‡Î RvwZms‡Ni mnKvix gnvmwP‡ei Awdm-Gi wW‡i±i eªvqvb
Rvbvb †h, RvwZmsN gnvmwPe Zuvi GLwZqv‡ii g‡a¨ †kL gywR‡ei wbivcËvi Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ mewKQy
Ki‡Qb Ges cwiw¯’wZi hv‡Z AebwZ bv N‡U †m †Póv Ki‡Qb| †kL gywR‡ei ÔcÖnmbg~jK' wePvi e‡Ü
RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei D‡ØM I AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZwµqvi gy‡L †kL gywR‡ei cÖvY i¶v cvq| Z‡e D‡jøL¨
†h, GZw`b hver RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei f‚wgKvq cvwK¯Ívb mšÍzó _vK‡jI mgKvjxb we‡k¦i hk¯^x †bZv
†kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖ‡kœ D-_v‡›Ui mveavbevYx Zv‡ì‡K Ôw¶ß' K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB 15 AvM÷
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi RvwZms‡N wbhy³ cvwK¯Ívwb ivóª`~Z‡K gnvmwP‡ei GB wee„wZi weiy‡× Zxeª cÖwZev`
Rvbv‡bvi wb‡`©k †`b| Z`ycwi GK_v ejv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi cÖvYcyiyl †kL
gywR‡ei wePvi cÖ‡kœ RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei D‡ØMc~Y© wee„wZ AZ¨šÍ mg‡qvc‡hvMx n‡qwQj|
O. evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ`vb cÖkœ I RvwZmsN:

gyw³hy×Kvjxb bq gvm gywRebMi miKv‡ii GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ wQj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶
wek¦RbgZ I ivóªmg~‡ni ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq|G Rb¨ wewfbœ iv‡óªi ivRavbx n‡Z ïiy K‡i wbDBq‡K©
RvwZmsN fe‡b ch©šÍ gywRebMi miKvi Zrci _v‡K| AvšÍR©vwZK mgv‡R hLb GKwU bZzb iv‡óªi
BwZnvm c„ôv 359

Gm Gm GBP Gj
Afz¨`q N‡U ZLbB cÖkœ I‡V ¯^xK…wZi| Z‡e ¯^xK…wZ †Kej GKwU AvBbMZ welq bq eis Gi mv‡_
ivR‰bwZK cÖkœ cÖejfv‡e Rwo‡q _v‡K| AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi AwaKvsk mgKvjxb †jLK g‡b K‡ib
†h, P~ovšÍ ¯^xK…wZ ZLbB †`qv hvq hLb †Kvb ivóª, ivóª MV‡bi mKj kZ© c~iY K‡i A_©vr f‚-LÛ,
Rbej, miKvi I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ BZ¨vw` _vK‡j GKwU ivóª‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qv hvq|
gywRebMi miKvi me mgqB wnwj, †iŠgvix mn wKQy wKQy GjvKv kvmb K‡i Ges eo kni I
K¨v›Ub‡g›U Qvov hy×iZ evsjv‡`‡ki 80 kZvsk f‚wg gywRebMi miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K| G
miKv‡ii wQj GKwU wbR¯^ †mbvevwnbx, wQj we‡`‡k K‚U‰bwZK wgkb, ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª bv‡g
GKwU cÖPvi hš¿ Ges GKwU ivóªxq †KvlvMvi †hLvb †_‡K Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb †`qv n‡Zv| GQvovI
gywRebMi miKvi wQj GKwU me©`jxq miKvi| myZivs G miKvi wQj GKwU Kvh©Kix miKvi| wKšÍz
Zv m‡Ë¡I RvwZmsN gyw³hy×Kvjxb evsjv‡`k miKvi I ivóª‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qwb| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³hy‡×i Pvi eQi ci 1974 mv‡j Avie jxM me©cÖ_g wdwjw¯Íb RbM‡Yi b¨vqm½Z cÖwZwbwa
wn‡m‡e wcGjI (Palestine Liberation Organisation)-†K ¯^xK…wZ †`q Ges cieZ©xKv‡j RvwZmsNI
wcGjI-†K ¯^xK…wZ †`q| 1976 mv‡ji 20 wW‡m¤î RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil` SWAPO-†K (South-
West African Peoples Organisation) bvwgweqvi RbM‡Yi GKgvÎ I êa KZ…©c¶ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ
†`q|G ai‡bi ¯^xK…wZ cÖvß †`k¸‡jv RvwZmsN mn wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK †dviv‡g ch©‡e¶K ev
AskMÖnYKvixi gh©v`v jvf K‡i|
SWAPO, PLO I gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖK…wZ GK n‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q ÔRvZxq
¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg' wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡bi wbqg cÖewZ©Z bv nIqvq RvwZmsN evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ
†`qwb| Z‡e 4 wW‡m¤î wbivcËv cwil‡ì Riywi êVK ïiy n‡j gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa Avey
mvC` †PŠayixi e³e¨ m¤^wjZ GKwU cÎ wbivcËv cwil` Awdwmqvj WKz‡g›U wn‡m‡e MÖnY I wewj
K‡i hv wQj evsjv‡`k‡K c‡iv¶fv‡e ¯^xK…wZ `vb| GQvov 21 wW‡m¤î wbivcËv cwil‡` †h cÖ¯Íve
cvk nq †mLv‡b mswkøó mKj c¶‡K †R‡bfv Kb‡fbkb †g‡b Pjvi Avnevb Rvbv‡bv nq| A_©vr
wbivcËv cwil` cÖ_gev‡ii gZ evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU c¶ wn‡me ¯^xK…wZ †`q|
mvims‡¶c
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GKwU RvZxq ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg| MYZš¿, b¨vqwePvi I
AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi `vwe‡Z Ges A_©‰bwZK êl‡gï weiy‡× we`¨gvb cvwK¯Ívwb ivóªxq KvVv‡gv
†_‡K c„_K nIqvi welqwU wQj m¤ú~Y© †hŠw³K I AvBbm½Z| mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi
kZKiv cÖvq 56 fvM bvMwiK GB ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| wKšÍz Zv m‡Ë¡I G msMÖvg
I ¯^vaxbZvi `vwe‡K RvwZmsN ¯^xK…wZ †`qwb| GgbwK MYnZ¨v I gvbevwaKvi cÖ‡kœ RvwZmsN wQj
`„k¨Z bxie| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`‡qi ci RvwZmsN gvbevwaKvi cÖ‡kœ AZ¨šÍ mRvM n‡q I‡V
Ges msL¨vMwiô Rb‡Mvôx mgw_©Z cÖevmx miKvi‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qvi †iIqvR Pvjy K‡i| SWAPO
I PLO-†K h_vµ‡g bvwgweqv I wdwjw¯Íb RbM‡Yi b¨vqm½Z cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb
cieZ©xKv‡j RvwZms‡Ni mRvM `„wóf½xiB cÖgvY| Z‡e MYnZ¨v I gvbevwaKvi j•Nb‡K
RvwZmsN gnvmwPe Zuvi gvwK©b wbf©iZvi Rb¨ wb›`v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI fvi‡Z Avkªq †bqv evOvwj
kiYv_©x‡ì Zvr¶wYK mgm¨v mgvav‡b RvwZms‡Ni BwZevPK f‚wgKv me mgqB cwijw¶Z nq|
kiYv_©x cÖ‡kœ RvwZmsN Zvi BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q eo ÎvY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡iwQj| Z‡e

kiYv_©x‡ì ¯’vqx mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †h ivR‰bwZK cÖkœ RwoZ wQj Zv mgvav‡b RvwZmsN KL‡bvB
Zrci nqwb| Z‡e wW‡m¤^‡i hLb hy× eÜ I wek¦kvwšÍ cÖ‡kœ wbivcËv cwil‡ì êVK ïiy nq|
ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwa `‡ji †bZv‡K êV‡K †hvM`vb Ki‡Z bv w`‡jI Zuvi e³e¨ m¤^wjZ
cÎ‡K Awdwmqvj WKz‡g›U wn‡m‡e wbivcËv cwil` MÖnY I wewj K‡i| GUv wQj evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg‡K GK ai‡bi c‡iv¶ ¯^xK…wZ| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î GKwU welq ¯§iY ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h,
RvwZmsN n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wek¦ ms¯’v †hLv‡b cÖavbZ e„nr kw³e‡M©i m¤§wZ‡Z wm×všÍ M„nxZ I
ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| wKšÍz evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× wb‡q e„nr kw³e‡M©i g‡a¨ gZwe‡iva _vKvq RvwZmsN
ÎvYKvh© cwiPvjbv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b cy‡ivcywiB e¨_© n‡qwQj| GgbwK RvwZmsN
mb‡ì 99 aviv Abyhvqx RvwZmsN gnvmwPe Zuvi wbR ¶gZve‡j gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ hv wKQy Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb, GKgvÎ †kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖ‡kœ f‚wgKv ivLv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb D‡`¨vMB wZwb wb‡Z
cv‡ib wb wZwb wb‡Ri `ye©jZv I wbw¯ŒqZvi Rb¨|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| AvkdvK †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q I RvwZmsN|
2| gC`yj nvmvb, g~javiv '71|
3| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× : `wjjcÎ, Î‡qv`k LÛ|
4| Avey mvC` †PŠayix, cÖev‡m gyw³hy‡×i w`b¸wj|
1| 1971 mv‡ji Ryb ch©šÍ kiYv_©x‡ì mvnv‡hï Rb¨ RvwZmsN fviZ‡K wK cwigvY A_© cÖ`vb
K‡i-
(K) 98 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi (L) 980 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
(M) 198 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi (N) 89 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi|
2| m‡iRwg‡b kiYv_©x ch©‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ RvwZmsN kiYv_©x ms¯’v cÖavb fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb mdi
K‡ib KLb-
(K) 1971 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j (L) 1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i
(M) 1971 mv‡ji AvM‡÷ (N) 1971 mv‡ji Ry‡b|
3| †kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖ‡kœ D‡ØM cÖKvk K‡i RvwZmsN gnvmwPe wee„wZ cÖ`vb K‡ib KZ Zvwi‡L-
(K) 15 AvM÷ (L) 10 AvM÷
(M) 14 wW‡m¤î (N) 7 b‡f¤î|
4| kiYv_©x cÖZ¨veZ©b Z`viwK Ki‡Z fviZ- cvwK¯Ívb mxgv‡šÍ RvwZmsN ch©‡e¶K †gvZv‡q‡bi
cÖ¯Íve K‡ib †K-
(K) RvwZmsN gnvmwPe (L) RvwZms‡Ni mnKvix gnvmwPe
BwZnvm c„ôv 361

Gm Gm GBP Gj
(M) RvwZmsN kiYv_©x ms¯’v cÖavb (N) cvwK¯Ívb miKvi|

5| gywRebMi miKv‡ii e³e¨ m¤^wjZ GKwU cÎ‡K Awdwmqvj WKz‡g›U wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i
RvwZms‡Ni †Kvb ms¯’v-
(K) mvaviY cwil` (L) A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil`
(M) wbivcËv cwil` (N) wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| fvi‡Z AvwkªZ kiYv_©x‡ì Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni ÎvY Kvh©µ‡gi weeiY w`b|
2| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ÎvY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q RvwZmsN wK wK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq?
3| RvwZmsN gnvmwP‡ei Good Office eënv‡ii cÖ¯Íve Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
4| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K ¯^xK…wZi cÖ‡kœ RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv wK wQj?
5| gywRebMi miKvi I RvwZms‡Ni g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi weeiY w`b|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q cvK-fvi‡Z RvwZmsN cwiPvwjZ ÎvY Kvh©µ‡gi weeiY w`b|
3| hy× eÜ I ivR‰bwZK mgvavb cÖ‡kœ RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi DËi

cvV-1: 1| (K); 2| (L); 3| (L); 4| (N); 5| (K)|
cvV-2: 1| (K); 2| (L); 3| (M); 4| (N); 5| (M)|
cvV-3: 1| (L); 2| (K); 3| (M); 4| (N); 5| (K); 6| (M)|
cvV-4: 1| (L); 2| (K); 3| (M); 4| (K); 5| (N)|
cvV-5: 1| (K); 2| (N); 3| (L); 4| (K); 5| (M)|

GMGMGBPGJ: Gyw Hy× I Ewnwe©K

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GMGMGBPGJ: Gyw Hy× I Ewnwe©K

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Gm Gm GBP Gj

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi DËi

BDwbU--- c„ôv 324

G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q t

gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi f‚wgKv

BwZnvm c„ôv 325

gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvi KviY

BDwbU--- c„ôv 326

gyw³hy‡× mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZvq fvi‡Zi M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg~n

BwZnvm c„ôv 327

BDwbU--- c„ôv 328

BwZnvm c„ôv 329

fvi‡Zi wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex‡`i Ae`vb

BDwbU--- c„ôv 330

BwZnvm c„ôv 331

(K) cÖvq GK †KvwU (L) cÖvq GK j¶

BDwbU--- c„ôv 332

gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi f‚wgKv

†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †Kb evOvwji gyw³hy×‡K mg_©b K‡iwQj?

BwZnvm c„ôv 333

BDwbU--- c„ôv 334

gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ bxwZi wewfbœ ch©vq

BwZnvm c„ôv 335

BDwbU--- c„ôv 336

evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi bxwZi g~j¨vqb

BwZnvm c„ôv 337

BDwbU--- c„ôv 338

BwZnvm c„ôv 339

gyw³hy‡× hy³iv‡óªi f‚wgKv

1. ZrKvjxb gvbwmKZv I ev¯ÍeZv

BDwbU--- c„ôv 340

BwZnvm c„ôv 341

BDwbU--- c„ôv 342

BwZnvm c„ôv 343

BDwbU--- c„ôv 344

BwZnvm c„ôv 345

BDwbU--- c„ôv 346

gyw³hy‡× Px‡bi f‚wgKv

BwZnvm c„ôv 347

BDwbU--- c„ôv 348

BwZnvm c„ôv 349

BDwbU--- c„ôv 350

BwZnvm c„ôv 351

K. gvbweK Kvh©µg msµvšÍ ZrciZv:

BDwbU--- c„ôv 352

A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i ZrciZv: RvwZms‡Ni A½ ms¯’v ÔA_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK

BwZnvm c„ôv 353

BDwbU--- c„ôv 354

BwZnvm c„ôv 355

L. hy× eÜ I ivR‰bwZK mgvavb cÖ‡kœ wewfbœ D‡`¨vM MÖnY

BDwbU--- c„ôv 356

BwZnvm c„ôv 357

M. gywRebMi miKvi I RvwZmsN:

BDwbU--- c„ôv 358

N. †kL gywR‡ei wePvi cÖkœ I RvwZmsN:

O. evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ`vb cÖkœ I RvwZmsN:

BwZnvm c„ôv 359

BDwbU--- c„ôv 360

BwZnvm c„ôv 361