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English
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
Distinguishing Types of Informational Text
According to Key Structures
and Language Features
English – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Distinguishing Types of Informational Text According to Key
Structures and Language Features
First Edition, 2020

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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
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Published by the Department of Education, SDO Nueva Ecija

Schools Division Superintendent: Jessie D. Ferrer, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents: Mina Gracia L. Acosta, PhD, CESO VI
Ronilo E. Hilario

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Mischelle P. Delos Reyes
Maricris M. Tariga
Editors: Chona D. Sacramento
Reviewers: Paterno Y. Mendoza
Illustrator: Maricris M. Tariga
Layout Artist: Mischelle P. Delos Reyes
Layout Evaluator: Cherry Lou O. Calison
Cover Designer: Mark G. Asuncion
Management Team: Jayne M. Garcia, EdD
Ma. Checilia S. Bagsic, PhD
Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD
Eleanor A. Manibog, PhD

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written for the learners to distinguish text-
types according to:
- Compare and Contrast (ENGRCIIIc-3.2.7)
- Sequence (ENGRCIII-6-3.2.9)
- Cause/Effect (ENGRCIV-b.3.2.6)
- Problem/Solution (ENGRCIV-c.3.2.5)
- Descriptive

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper.

____1. Which type of text structure describes an issue and at least one way to
solve it?
a. Sequence c. Problem & Solution
b. Cause & Effect d. Compare/Contrast

____2. In this type of writing, the reader will see words/phrases such as
because, as a result of, and due to.
a. Sequence c. Problem & Solution
b. Cause & Effect d. Compare/Contrast

____3. Which type of text structure answers the questions what

happened and why?
a. Sequence c. Problem & Solution
b. Cause & Effect d. Compare/Contrast

____4. Which type of text structure describes events in sequential order?

a. Sequence c. Problem & Solution
b. Cause & Effect d. Compare/Contrast

____5. Oranges and lemons are both citrus fruits that grow on trees, they
are different in colors and have very different tastes.
a. Descriptive c. Problem & Solution
b. Cause & Effect d. Compare/Contrast

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 Lesson Types of Informational Text

1 According to Key Structures and

Language Features

Text structure refers to the way an author arranges information in his

writing. Text structure enables authors to organize their thoughts as they
write. There are several types of text structure, including description,
sequence, cause/effect, compare/contrast and problem/solution.

What’s In

Choose the sentence that tells something true about text structure
and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Descriptive text simply describes something.

2. Compare /contrast text structure shows how two or more things
are alike and different.
3. In problem/solution text the author doesn’t need to describe the
problem.
4. Chronological text structure describes events in sequential order.
5. Cause and Effect explains why something happened.

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 What’s New

Informational Text Structure

Where else have you heard the word structure?

Just like there are different ways to build buildings, there are also
different ways to build nonfiction writing. This is called Text Structures.
Sometimes it is called Organizational Patterns. When writing you might
have many facts swirling around in your head. Choosing a text structure
will help you organize any essay and help make sense of your ideas.
Recognizing the text structure will help you understand what you are
reading.

What is It

The purposes of the informational text are to uncover information about

the subject area and to educate the reader about the specific topic.

To achieve these purposes, authors use one or more of the following 5

Informational text structures.

Five Types of Informational Text According to Structure and

Language Features

1. Description
This is straightforward. Texts that use this structure simply describe
something. With few exceptions, these texts also present plenty of details
about what they are describing.

A text using this structure might also:

• Tell you why something is being described
• Tell you why the described topic is important
• Provide examples of the described topic(s)

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 Descriptive texts are everywhere—in novels, works of literary
nonfiction, news articles, science textbooks—which makes sense because the
entire point of description is to present information.

2. Sequence/Instruction/Process
This text structure covers a few purposes:
• Sequential instructions (Step 1, Step 2, Step 3; do this, then do that, and
finally do this)
• Chronological events (This happened, then this happened, then this
happened, etc.)
• Arguments that use evidence to support a claim (presenting evidence from
least to most convincing)

Here are list of words and phrases that indicate a text follows the
sequence/instruction/process text structure:

After before during earlier

Eventually finally first from

how to in order last meanwhile

Next now until While

3. Cause/Effect
Cause/Effect text structures explain, causes and effects. Sounds simple
but works that use this structure can become complex when an effect has
multiple causes (or vice versa).
Learners will encounter complex examples of cause-effect when they
read historical texts. Many events in history had more than one cause, all
related in ways that can be difficult to unpack.
Here are list of words and phrases that indicate a text follows the
cause/effect text structure:

because cause led to reason

accordingly effect result consequence

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4. Compare/Contrast
This text structure involves a comparison involving multiple things,
revealing how they are similar and how they are different.
Contrasting two or more things does not necessarily mean identifying
them as either good or bad. Comparisons simply relay the differences;
therefore, one thing could have both positive and negative traits.

Here are list of words and phrases that indicate a text follows the
compare/contrast text structure:

alike also both comparable

even in common just as similar

although but despite difference

however instead otherwise unlike

5. Problem/Solution
This text structure involves two parts: The author identifies a problem.
The author details a solution to this problem
Problem/Solution can be a very complex text structure, as it
necessitates the use of other structures, too. Clearly, the author needs to
describe the problem. The author would likely also explain the causes and
effects of the problem in order to argue in favor of their solution.

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 What’s More

Identify the text structure used in the following sentences. Write CE for
Cause and Effect, CC for Comparison and Contrast, S for Sequence, PS for
Problem and Solution and D for Description on a separate sheet of paper.

___________________ 1. Architects are people who design buildings. They create

blueprints and plan the look of the building.

___________________ 2. Architects and engineers both design buildings.

However, an architect focuses on the look and feel, while
an engineer focuses on whether the design is safe and
sound.

___________________ 3. First an architect comes up with an idea. Then, he puts

it down on paper in the form of a blueprint.

___________________ 4. The architect’s plan would require them to go over

budget. As a result, they had to cut out some of the
special design features.

___________________ 5. The architect’s design does not fit in with the rest of the
plans. He could change the color of the design or create
a new design

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 What I Have Learned

Draw a happy face ( ☺ ) if the sentence tells a correct idea about

informational text and sad face (  ) if it doesn’t.

Learners must be able to unpack these 5 text structures and study their
components in order to fully understand and analyze informational
texts, whether they're reading textbooks, news articles, or works of
literary nonfiction.

Descriptive texts are everywhere—in novels, works of literary

nonfiction, news articles, science textbooks—which makes sense
because the entire point of description is to present information.

Problem and Solution text structure involves two parts: The author
identifies a problem. The author details a solution to this problem

Compare and Contrast text structure involves a comparison involving

multiple things, revealing how they are similar and how they are
different.

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 What I Can Do

Read the passage carefully. Write your answers on the diagram below.

Sequence Writing Frames

In order to make Adobo, first combine chicken, pork, garlic, bay

leaf, oyster sauce, soy sauce, pineapple juice and water. Simmer for 15
minutes. Remove chicken and set aside. Continue to simmer for 30
minutes. Stain pork and set aside. Next sauté chicken and pork in oil
until it becomes golden brown. Then, pour cooking liquid and simmer
for 5 minutes. Transfer into a serving plate and serve. Finally, enjoy the
delicious adobo!

Now try one on your own.

Here is what you can do to make ______________________

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 Assessment

Identify the text structure of the following passages. Write the signal
words and clues that helped you determine the structure.

__________________1. Wild Chimpanzees are rapidly disappearing. Some

people are trying to solve this problem. Otherwise, chimpanzees may one day
exist only in zoos. People are trying to save the rain forests and woodlands
where the chimps live from being cut down. It will take many people working
together to solve this problem.

___________________2. Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A

baby chimp laughs when its mother tickles it. After chimpanzees’ fight, they
kiss and make up. When one chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug
or pat on a back. There are of course, many ways that chimpanzees and
humans. An adult male chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall and weighs
about 100 pounds. But a chimpanzee can lift more weight than a man who is
six feet tall.

___________________3. Chimps live in groups and like each other a lot, but
sometimes they fight. Because they don’t want to stay angry at each other
after a fight, they make up by holding a hand out to the other and kissing.
They show that they are sorry with pats and hugs. Then the anger goes away.

___________________4. A chimpanzee’s body is made for climbing and swinging

in the trees. First, it uses its long arms to reach a branch. Next, with it its
flexible hands and feet, it grabs and hooks on the branch. Finally, it swings
from that branch to another branch of tree.

___________________5. It is fun to read about chimpanzees. All wild

chimpanzees live in Africa. They live mostly in thick rain forests and in
woodlands. There are two types, or species of chimpanzees- the common
chimpanzee and the bonobo, also known as the pygmy chimpanzee.

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 Additional Activities

Identify the text structure of the following passages. Write cause and
effect, sequence, compare and contrast, and description on a separate sheet
of paper.

_____________1. When a river receives a lot of extra water it may flood. During
a flood there is plenty of water, and most people wouldn’t think that
dehydration was a serious risk, but flood waters are mostly polluted and not
safe to drink. People who drink the contaminated water may suffer from
illnesses or diseases such as typhoid. You can prepare for flooding by filling
many containers with fresh clean drinking water. You can also use sandbags
to protect your house and to soak up the water. Be prepared and be safe.

______________2. There are many reasons why people dance. Some people
dance for fun, just because they enjoy dancing. At other times, people dance
for exercise or for weight loss, because dancing can really get your heart
beating. Also, sometimes people dance to try to get boyfriends or girlfriends.
Some people think that good dancing is attractive. There are many reasons
why people dance.

_______________3. The surface of the Earth is divided into pieces called

“tectonic plates.” These plates move. When the plates rub against each other,
they do not move smoothly. When the plates do not move smoothly,
earthquakes result. Some parts of the world get more earthquakes than other
parts. The parts of the earth that get most earthquakes are near the edges of
these plates.

_________________4. The twist is a dance inspired by rock and roll music. To

do the Twist, first stand with your feet approximately shoulder width apart.
The torso may be squared to the knees and hips, or turned at an angle so one
foot is farther forward than the other. Then, hold your arms out from your
body, bent at your elbow. Next, rotate your hips, torso, and legs as a single
unit with your arms staying more or less stationary. Every so often lift one
leg off of the floor for styling. Now you’re doing the twist!

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__________________5. Sparklers and smoke bombs are my favorite kinds of
fireworks. They are both safe and fun but they are also quite different. After
you light a smoke bomb, you should put it on the ground and run. Stand back
and watch it go! When you light a sparkler, however, you continue to hold it
until it is done sparkling. You’re your hand around and have an awesome
time! They also burn differently. Sparklers create bright lights and sparks
when you light them, but smoke bombs create smoke in different colors.
Remember kids: smoke bombs and sparklers are both extremely dangerous
and should only be used by professionals.

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Additional Activities:
1. Problem and
Solution
2. Cause and Effect
3. Description
4. Sequence
5. Compare and
Contrast
What I Know What's More What I can Do
1. C 1. D Answers may vary
2. B 2. CC
3. B 3. S
4. A 4. CE
5. D 5. PS
Assessment
What I Know What I have learned
1. Problem and
1. √ ☺ solution
2. √ 2. Comparison and
3. ☺ contrast
4. √ 3. Cause and effect
5. √ ☺ 4. sequence
5. Description
☺
Answer Key
References
A. Book

Castillo, K. C.,& Angeles, E.B.Joy in Learning English. Pasig City, Vibal

Publishing Group

Dahilan, S.M. & Domingo, R.C. (2005) Reading Power Worktext. Sampaloc,
Manila, St. Augustine Publications Inc.

Workbook in English 6, 5775 Reverse the Education Crisis in partnership

with the Ateneo Center for Educational Development and Department
of Education.

B. Websites:

https://easyteaching.net/wp-
content/uploads/2019/06/seaturtlescauseeffectharder.pdf

https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure-worksheets/text-
structure-worksheet-10/preview/answers.php

https://www.prestwickhouse.com/blog/post/2019/05/5-types-of-
informational-text-structures

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