CONCEPT PRACTICE 5.

0 MATRICES

TOPIC 5.0 : MATRICES AND SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

CONCEPT PRARTICE

Exercise 5.1 Matrices

1. Determine the order of each matrix.

 −3
y
(a) [1 5 8] (b)  
 5 

x y 
(c) [ 7] (d)  z w
 

2. Find the following sums

 −3 5 1   −4 −8
3  2   −8 2 4  +  5 0 
(a) 5 +  1  (b)    
   
 4 5 −3  −3 4 

 −4 1   −1 −2   −3 −4 
3. Let A =  , B=   ,C=  
 3 0 7 4  2 −5 
 −4   −1
D=   and E=  
5 5
Find each of the following matrices if possible.
(a) A+B (b) A–D
(c) 3(A + C) (d) 2A – B
(e) (A + B) + C (f ) A + (B + C)

4. Find the order of AB in each case if the matrices can be multiplied

(a) A has order 3 x 2, B has order 2 x 5
(b) A has order 3 x 1, B has order 1 x 3
(c) A has order 4 x 2, B has order 2 x 5

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(d) A has order 3 x 4, B has order 3 x 4

(e) A has order 4 x 2, B has order 3 x 4

5. Find the following products

4 1 3  1
(a) [ −3 2]   (b)  2 −4  3
1    
 5 1 1 2  3
(c)  2 1 3 1  (d) 1 [ 5 6 ]
    
1 4 2   2 0 1 
 a 0   −2 5 3  2 5 3 3 1 4
(e) 0 b  1 4 6 (f)   
    3 6 4  1 2 5 

2  2 3
   
6. Let A =  −3 , B = [ 2 3 4] , C =  4 5
 1   1 0 
Find the following if possible
(a) AB (b) BC
(c) AC (d) CB

 3 0 4 1 3 
   
7. Given T =  5 1 6  and R = 0 0 
 −1 2 7   3 −4 

Find :
(a) TR (b) RTTT
(b) (TR)T (d) Is (TR)T=RTTT ?

 4 −1
 
8. Given A =  3 −2  , verify that :
 2 5 

(a) (AT)T= A (b) (2A)T=2AT

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9. Find the values of a, b, c and d if

2 − a 3 4 6 3 −c 4
(a)   = 
4  2b 2 2 − 4d −8 2


 2 a  c 2 
(b) 2   = –3 
− 3d 4 + b 1 2 −b 


1 −5
1 −1 1 −3 0  
10. Given that A =   , B = , C = 4 −3 and D =
0 2 3 −6 − 2



−5 2 


3 4 0
2 4 3
  , evaluate the following :
1
 3 
2

(a) BC + 2A
(b) D2 – CB
(c) A – 3(BC + A)

Exercise 5.2 Determinant Of Matrices

1. Find the determinant of each matrix

1 3
1 3  8 − 8 
(a) 0 2  (b)  
  2 − 1 
 4 

2 1 3
 6
2. If A = 4 8  , find the minor of
0
 7 
5

(a) M21
(b) M32
(c) M23

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 3 −1 0 
 
3. Find the indicated cofactors using the matrix  2 1 −3
 −2 0 4 

(a) C11 (b) C12 (c) C13

(d) C21 (e) C22 (f) C23
(g) C31 (h) C32 (i) C 33

2 −4 − 2
 4 
4. Given that matrix A = − 2 5  , find the determinant using cofactor

4 1 − 3


expansion by
(a) second row
(b) third column
(c) second column

Exercise 5.3 Inverse Matrices

1. For each given matrix A, show that AI = A and IA = A where I is the identity
matrix of the appropriate order.
1 3 3 2 
(a) A =  (b) A = 
4 6 5 9 
3 2 1  3 4 1
   
(c) A = 5 6 2 (d) A = 2 2 5
7 8 3   0 3 6 

2. Find the inverse of each matrix A if possible. Check that AA-1 = I and A-1A = I
1 4   1 −5 
(a) 0 2  (b)  −1 3 
   
0 2 0  1 0 1 
3 3 2 0 2 2
(c)   (d)  
 2 5 1   2 1 0 

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CONCEPT PRACTICE 5.0 MATRICES

3. For each of the following matrices. Find:

(a) adjoint matrix
(b) inverse matrix
 −1 2 3   2 −1 −1
 2 1 0  −1 2 0 
(i)   (ii)  
 −4 2 5   −1 0 3 

4. Perform the indicated row operation on the given matrices.

 2 1
(a) A=  
1 3
(i) interchange row 1 and row 2
(ii) add (-2) times row 1 to row 2
 1
(iii) multiply row 2 by  − 
 5
(iv) add (-3) times row 2 to row 1

1 −1 −1
 
(b) B = 0 1 3 
0 0 1 

(i) add row 2 to row 1

(ii) add (-2) times row 3 to row 1
(iii) add (-3) times row 3 to row 2

Exercise 5.4 Systems Of Linear Equations with three variables

1. Write the augmented matrix for each system of equations.

(a) x–y–z=4 (b) x + 3y – z = 5

x + 3y – z = 1 x+z=0
2y – 5z = -6

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2. Perform the indicated row operations on the given augmented matrix.

−2 4 1
(a) 1
 2 0

(i) R1 ↔ R2

(ii) 2R1 + R2

1
(iii) R2
8
(iv) −2R2 + R1

−2 −3 4 1 
 
(b)  2 2 −3 2 
 1 2 −2 −3

(i) R3 ↔ R1

(ii) 2R1 + R3

(iii) −2R1 + R2

(iv) R2 ↔ R3

(v) 2R2 + R3

(vi) 2R3 + R1

(vii) −2R2 + R1

3. Solve each system using Cramer Rule and Gaussian Elimination.

(a) -x + 2z = 2
3x + y – 6z = 4
-2x – y + 5z = -3

(b) 7x – 3y – 3z = 2
-x + y = -1
-x + z = -3

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CONCEPT PRACTICE 5.0 MATRICES

(c) -x + 3y – 2z = -5
3x – 3y + z = 3
-2x + y = -1

(d) x+y+z=2
x + 2y + 3z = 1
2x – y – 3z = 6

4. A school spends RM 84 to purchase 100 files for its office use. A total of x files
of brand A at a cost of 70 cents each and y files of brand B at a cost of 90 cents
each were bought. Write down a system of linear equations from the information
given, and rewrite it in matrix form. Hence, solve the linear equations to obtain
the values of x and y.

5. Three friends Eric, Karim and Ali write to one another from time to time. Last
year, Eric received 1 letter from Karim and 5 from Ali, Karim received 2 letters
from Eric and 3 from Ali, and Ali received 1 letter from Eric and 6 from Karim.
(a) Summarized this information in a matrix
(b) Use the matrix in part (a) to determine which of the friends wrote the most
letters last year.

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ANSWERS
Exercise 5.1 Matrices
1. (a) 1x3 (b) 3x1
(c) 1x1 (d) 2x2
5 
2. (a) 6  (b) undefined because the matrixs are in different order
 
 −5 −1  −21 −9 
3. (a) 10 4  (b) undefined (c)  15 −15
   
 −7 4   −8 −5  −8 −5
(d)  −1 −4  (e) 12 −1 (f) 12 −1
     
4. (a) 3x5 (b) 3x3 (c) 4x5
(d) undefined (e) undefined
 10  8 11
5. (a) [ −10] (b)  −10  (c) 5 5 
   
16 8 27 
15 18  −2a 5a 3a   22 11 37 
(d) (e)  b (f)
5
 6
  4b 6b   
 28 14 47 

4 6 8 
 −6 −9 −12 
6. (a)   (b) [ 20 21]
 2 3 4 

(c) undefined (d) undefined

15 −7 
 23 −9  15 23 20 
7. (a)   (b)  −7 −9 −31
 20 −31  

15 23 20 
(c)  −7 −9 −31 (d) (TR)T = RTTT
 
1
9. (a) a = -4, b = -4, c = 0, d = −
2
4 1
(b) a = -3, b = 14, c = − , d =
3 2

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 31 1 2 
 −9 2   22 27 12   31 −10 
10. (a)  −11 3  (b)   (c) 33 −1 
  10 19 17   

Exercise 5.2 Determinant of matrices

23
1. (a) 2 (b)
32
2. (a) -16 (b) 0 (c) 14
3. (a) 4 (b) -2 (c) 2
(d) 4 (e) 12 (f) -2
(g) 3 (h) 9 (i) 5
4. (a) -34 (b) -34 (c) -34

Exercise 5.3 Inverse Matrices

 3 5
 1 −2  − 2 − 
2
2. (a) 0 0.5 (b)  
  − 1 1
− 
 2 2 

 1 1 1 
 3 −
 −3.5 −1 2  6 3 
 
(c)
 0.5 0 0 
(d) − 2 1 1 
   3 3 3 
 4.5 2 −3  
 2 1
−
1
 3 6 3 

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 5 −4 
 3 −1
3
 5 − 4 − 3  
3. (a) (i)
 − 10 7 6 
(ii)  − 10 7 2 
   3 3 
 8 − 6 − 5  8 5
 −2 − 
 3 3

6 3 2
7 7 7
6 3 2  
(b) (i) 3 5 1
(ii) 3 5 1
  7 7 7
 2 1 3  2 1 3
 
7 7 7
 1 3 1 3 
4. (a) (i)  2 1 (ii)  0 −5 
   
 1 3 1 0 
(iii) 0 1 (iv) 0 1 
   
1 0 2  1 0 0  1 0 0 
0 1 3  0 1 3 0 1 0 
(b) (i)   (ii)   (iii)  
0 0 1  0 0 1  0 0 1 

Exercise 5.4 Systems of Linear Equations with Three Variables

 1 −1 −1 4 
  1 3 −1 5 
1. (a) 1 3 −1 1  (b)  
0 2 −5 −6  1 0 1 0 

 1 2 0 1 2 0 
2. (a) (i)   (ii)  
 −2 4 1  0 8 1 
 1
 0 1 0 − 4 
(iii) 1 2  (iv)  
0 1 1  0 1 1 
 8   8 

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 1 2 −2 −3  1 2 −2 −3 
   
(b) (i)  2 2 −3 2  (ii)  2 2 −3 2 
 −2 −3 4 1   0 1 0 −5

 1 2 −2 −3   1 2 −2 −3 
   
(iii)  0 −2 1 8  (iv)  0 1 0 −5 
0 1 0 −5 0 −2 1 8 

 1 2 −2 −3  1 2 0 −7 
   
(v)  0 1 0 −5  (vi) 0 1 0 −5 
0 0 1 −2  0 0 1 −2 

1 0 0 3 
 
(vii)  0 1 0 −5 
0 0 1 −2 

3. (a) x=4 y = 10 z=3

(b) x=2 y=1 z=3
(c) x=2 y=3 z=6
(d) x=2 y=1 z = -1
4. x = 30 y = 70
0 1 5
2 0 3
5. (a)  
1 6 0 

(b) Ali

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