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Econ20003 - Quantitative Methods 2 2020 Formula Sheet: One Population

This document contains formulas for quantitative methods including: - Means, variances, and standard deviations for one and two population samples - Hypothesis testing using z-tests and t-tests for one and two samples - Analysis of variance (ANOVA) formulas for comparing more than two populations - Regression and chi-squared tests It provides the statistical distributions and calculations for common statistical analyses.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
80 views5 pages

Econ20003 - Quantitative Methods 2 2020 Formula Sheet: One Population

This document contains formulas for quantitative methods including: - Means, variances, and standard deviations for one and two population samples - Hypothesis testing using z-tests and t-tests for one and two samples - Analysis of variance (ANOVA) formulas for comparing more than two populations - Regression and chi-squared tests It provides the statistical distributions and calculations for common statistical analyses.

Uploaded by

Gladys Clarissa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECON20003 - QUANTITATIVE METHODS 2

2020

FORMULA SHEET

One Population

1  n 2 1 n  
2
1 n 1 n 1  n 2 2
x   xi   xi  x   n  1   xi  nx   n  1   xi  n   xi  
2
s 
2
x
n i 1 n  1 i 1  i 1   i 1  i 1  

 z  ,  x   / n X  0 X  0
X    /2 x Z t , df  n  1
 t /2 sx , sx  s / n x sx

S  0.5n

B  n, p   N np, npq  
S  N 0.5n, 0.5 n  Z
0.5 n

T  T n(n  1) n( n  1)(2n  1)
T  N  T ,  T  , Z  , T  ,  T2 
T 4 24

ˆˆ
pq p̂  p0
pˆ  z /2 s pˆ , s pˆ  Z
n p0 q0
n

 (n  1) s 2 (n  1) s 2  (n  1) s 2
 ,  , df  n  1 2  , df  n  1
  /2 12 /2   02
2

3
  1  xi  x 
n
6
SK  
n i 1  (n  1) / n  s 
 
, sSK
n

4
  1  xi  x 
n
24
K  
n i 1  (n  1) / n  s 
, sK 
n

n   2 ( Kˆ  3) 2 
JB   SK  
6 4 

Page 1
Two Populations – Matched Pairs

 z / 2  x ,  x   D / n X D   D ,0 X D   D ,0
XD  
D D
Z t , df  n  1
tn 1, / 2 sxD , sxD  sD / n x D
s xD

Two Populations - Independent Samples

 12  22 X  X 2    D ,0
 X 1  X 2   z /2  x1  x2 ,  x1  x2  n1

n2
Z
1

 x x
1 2

2  1 1 (n1  1) s12  (n2  1) s22


X 1  X 2   t s
 /2 x1  x2 , s x1  x2  s p   , s 2
p1 
n1  n2  2
 n1 n2 

t
X 1  X 2    x1  x2 ,0
, df  n1  n2  2
sx1  x2

s12 s2
X 1  X 2   t /2 s x1  x2 , s x1  x2  sx21  sx22 , sx21 
n1
, sx22  2
n2

X  X 2    x1  x2 ,0 s 
2
2
1 x1  x2
t , df 
 s  / (n  1)   s 
2 2
sx1  x2 2 2
/ (n2  1)
x1 1 x2

T  T ni ( n1  n2  1) n n (n  n  1)
T  N  T ,  T  , Z  , T  ,  T2  1 2 1 2
T 2 12

pˆ1qˆ1 pˆ 2 qˆ2
 pˆ1  pˆ 2   z /2 s pˆ  pˆ , s pˆ1  pˆ 2  
1 2
n1 n2

pˆ1  pˆ 2 1 1 f f
Z , s pˆ1  pˆ 2  ˆ ˆ    , pˆ  1 2
pq
s pˆ1  pˆ 2  n1 n2  n1  n2

Z
 pˆ1  pˆ 2   D0 , s pˆ1  pˆ 2 
pˆ1qˆ1 pˆ 2 qˆ2

f
, pˆ i  i , qˆi  1  pˆ i
s pˆ1  pˆ 2 n1 n2 ni

 s12 / s22 s12 / s22  s12 1


 ,  , df1  n1  1, df 2  n2  1 F F1 ,df1 ,df 2 
 F /2 F1 /2  s22 F ,df 2 ,df1

Page 2
Two or More Populations – Independent Samples

k nj
1 k k
SS    xij  x   ( n  1) s 2 , x   j j 
2
SS  SST  SSE , n x , n  nj
j 1 i 1 n j 1 j 1

k k nj k
SST   n j  x j  x  SSE    xij  x j    (n j  1) s 2j
2 2
,
j 1 j 1 i 1 j 1

SST SSE MST


MST  , MSE  , F , df1  k  1 , df 2  n  k
k 1 nk MSE

k T2
12
H  j

n(n  1) j 1 n j
 3(n  1) , H   df2 , df  k  1

Two or More Populations – Randomised Blocks

k b
SS    xij  x   (n  1) s 2
2
SS  SST  SSB  SSE ,
j 1 i 1
k b k b
SST  b   xT , j  x  x B ,i  x  , SSE    xij  xT , j  xB ,i  x 
2 2 2
, SSB  k
j 1 i 1 j 1 i 1

SST SSB SSE


MST  , MSB  , MSE 
k 1 b 1 n  k  b 1
MST MSB
FT  , df1  k  1 , df 2  n  k  b  1 , FB  , df1  b  1 , df 2  n  k  b  1
MSE MSE
k
12
Fr   T j2  3b(k  1)
b  k  (k  1) j 1
, Fr   df2 , df  k  1

Analysis of Frequencies

 oi  ei 
2
k
oi2
k
 
2
   n , df  k  m
i 1 ei i 1 ei

o  eij 
2
r c r c oij2
    
ij
2
 n , df  (r  1)(c  1)
i 1 j 1 eij i 1 j 1 eij

Page 3
Correlation and Linear Regression

1 n 1  n  1  n 1  n   n 
s xy   i
n  1 i 1
( x  x )( yi  y )   i i
n  1  i 1
x y  nx y  n  1   i i n   xi    yi  

 x y 
 i 1   i 1  
 i 1

1  n 2 1 n  
2
1 n 1  n 2 2
  xi  x   n  1   xi  nx   n  1   xi  n   xi  
2
s 
2
x
n  1 i 1  i 1   i 1  i 1  

1  n 2 1 n  
2
1 n 1  n 2 2
  yi  y   n  1   yi  ny   n  1   yi  n   yi  
2
s 
2
y
n  1 i 1  i 1   i 1  i 1  

sxy 1 n  xi  x   yi  y  rxy n  2
rxy 
sx s y
   
n  1 i 1  sx   s y 
tr  , df  n  2
1  rxy2

yi  β0  β1 xi   i


n
( xi  x )( yi  y ) sxy
ˆ1  i 1  , ˆ0  y  ˆ1 x , yˆi  ˆ0  ˆ1 xi , ei  yi  yˆi

n
( xi  x ) 2 sx2
i 1

ˆi   0,i
βˆi  tα / 2 ,n k 1s βˆ , tˆ  , i  0,1 , df  n  2
i i
sˆ
i


n 2
i 1 i
x /n 1 SSE
sˆ  s , sˆ  s , s 
0
(n  1) s 2
x
1
(n  1) sx2 n  k 1

R 2  rxy2

n n  2 sxy2 
SSE   e   ( yi  yi )  (n  1)  s y  2
ˆ2 2

i  sx
i 1 i 1  

1 ( x  x )2 1 ( x  x )2
s yˆ0  s 1   n0 sEˆ ( y )  s  n0
n  ( xi  x ) 2 0
n  ( xi  x ) 2
i 1 i 1

yˆ 0  t /2 s yˆ0 , yˆ 0  t / 2 sEˆ ( y , df  n  2
0)

Page 4
yi  β0  β1 xi  ...  βk xk   i

yˆi  βˆ0  βˆ1 xi  ...  βˆk xk , ei  yi  yˆi

ˆi   0,i
βˆi  tα / 2 ,n k 1s βˆ , tˆ  , i  0,1,..., k , df  n  k  1
i i
sˆ
i

n n
SST  SSR  SSE , SST   ( yi  y ) 2  (n  1) s y2 , SSR   ( yˆi  y ) 2
i 1 i 1

SSR SSE s2 SSE / (n  k  1) n 1


R2   1  2xy 2 R2  1  1 (1  R 2 )
SST SST s x s y SST / (n  1) n  k 1

MSR SSR / k R2 / k
F   , df1  k , df 2  n  k  1
MSE SSE / (n  k  1) (1  R 2 ) / (n  k  1)

n  k  1 SSEr  SSE n  k  1 R 2  Rr2


F  , df1  m , df 2  n  k  1
m SSE m 1  R2

1
VIFj 
1  R 2j

yˆ 0  t / 2 s yˆ0 , yˆ 0  t / 2 sEˆ ( y )  yˆ 0  2 s , df  n  k  1
0

Dummy Dependent Variable Models

Zi  0  1 X1i  2 X 2i  ...  k X ki

Linear Probability Model: Di  Zi   i , Pi  E ( Di )  Zi

1
Logit Model: Pi 
1  e  Zi

Zi 1 0.5u 2
Probit Model: Pi   e du

2

Page 5

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