NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Basic
Worksheet 3.1 Introduction to Functions
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.5 – 3.15)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
Suppose a variable y depends on a variable x. If each value of x determines exactly one value of y, then the dependent
variable y is a function of the independent variable x.
The domain and co-domain of any function must be well defined. In general,
Domain Collection of values that the independent variable can take
Co-domain Collection of values that must include all possible values of the dependent variable

Note: The collection of the values of the dependent variable is called the range.

1. In each of the following, determine whether y is a function of x, and put a ‘’ in the
appropriate box.
Yes No
(a) y = 3x, where x can be any real numbers  
(b) y = x + 1, where x can be any real numbers  
1
(c) y = , where x  1  
x 1
(d) y2 = x + 1, where x ≥ –1  

2. In each of the following, y is a function of x. Find the domain of the function.

2
(a) y = x2 (b) y
x 1
[Hint : For (b), the denominator cannot be zero.]
Solution
(a) (b)

1
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

3. In each of the following, determine whether y is a function of x, where –10 ≤ x ≤ 10 and y can
be any real numbers.
(a) (b)

[Hint : Draw a vertical line.]

Solution
(a) ∵ Any vertical line intersects the (b)
graph at ( only one /
more than one ) point.
∴ For any value of x where
–10 ≤ x ≤ 10, there ( is only one /
are more than one )
corresponding value of y.
∴ y ( is / is not ) a function of x.

4. In each of the following, determine whether y is a function of x. If not, explain why.

(a) x 1 3 5 7
y 2 4 6 8

(b) x 2 2 3 4
y 0 1 5 7

Solution
(a) From the table, we can see that:
When x = 1, y = ;
when x = 3,

∵ ( Each / Not every ) value of x gives exactly one value of y.

∴ y ( is / is not ) a function of x.

2
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(b)

5. In each of the following situations, find the algebraic representation of the function F.
(a) The side of an equilateral triangle is x cm. Let F cm be the perimeter of the triangle. F is
a function of x.
(b) The smallest number of three consecutive numbers is m + 1. Let F be the sum of the three
numbers. F is a function of m.
Solution
(a)

(b)

3
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Enhanced
Worksheet 3.1 Introduction to Functions
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.5 – 3.15)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
Suppose a variable y depends on a variable x. If each value of x determines exactly one value of y, then the dependent
variable y is a function of the independent variable x.
The domain and co-domain of any function must be well defined. In general,
Domain Collection of values that the independent variable can take
Co-domain Collection of values that must include all possible values of the dependent variable

Note: The collection of the values of the dependent variable is called the range.

1. In each of the following, determine whether y is a function of x, and put a ‘’ in the
appropriate box.
Yes No
(a) y  x  1 , where x ≥ 1  
(b) y 3  x , where x can be any real numbers  
(c) y 2  ( x  1) 2 , where x can be any real numbers  

2. In each of the following, y is a function of x. Find the domain of the function.

(a) y = 2x(x – 1) (b) y  x5
Solution
(a) (b)

4
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

3. Consider the function y = 4x + 3, where x is a positive number.

(a) Find the range of the function.
(b) Determine whether the collection of the real number y, where y > 7, may be the
co-domain of the function.
Solution
(a)

(b)

4. A hawker has 100 fruits, some of them are apples and the others are oranges. He sold the fruit
at the price below:

Apple Orange
Unit price ($) 6 5

Let n be the number of apples he has and $A be the total amount obtained by selling all the
fruits. A is a function of n.
(a) Find the algebraic representation of the function.
(b) Find the domain of the function.
Solution
(a)

(b)

5
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

5. Joseph drives at a constant speed. The speed of his car

after t second is v m/s. It is given that v is a function of t.
The figure on the right shows the graphical representation
of the function.
(a) Complete the following tabular representation of
the function.

t (s) 2 4
v (m/s) 16 8
(b) Find the domain and the range of the function.
(c) Joseph claims that the co-domain of the function is the collection of the real number
v, where 10 ≤ v ≤ 30. Is he correct? Explain your answer.
Solution
(b)

(c)

6
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Basic
Worksheet 3.2 Notation of a Function
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.16 – 3.23)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
1. We use notations, such as f(x), g(x) and H(x), etc. to denote functions with x as the independent variable.
2. By substituting different values of x into a function f(x), we obtain the corresponding values of the function.
e.g. The value of the function at x = 1 is f(1);
the value of the function at x = 2 is f(2).

1. If f (x) = 2x + 3, find the values of the function when

(a) x = 2, (b) x = 0, (c) x = 1.
Solution Solution Solution
f (2)  2( )3
( )3
( )

2. If g(s) = s3  5s, find the values of

 1
(a) g(1), (b) g(1), (c) g    .
 2
Solution Solution Solution

2
3. It is given that h(t) = , where t ≠ 4.
t 4
(a) Find the values of
1
(i) h(2), (ii) h(2), (iii) h  .
2
(b) Determine whether each of the following relations is true.
1 1
(i) h   (ii) h(2) = h(2)
 2  h ( 2)

7
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Solution
(a) (i) (ii) (iii)

(b) (i) (ii)

4. If f ( x)  x 2  2 x  2 and g(x) = 3x – 4, find the values of

f (1)
(a) f (0) + g(1), (b) 2 f (3)  g (0) , (c) .
g (2)
Solution Solution Solution

5. If H(x) = ax  5 and H(5) = 10, find the value of a.

Solution
∵ H(5) = 10
∴ a( ) – 5 = 10

8
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

6. If g(x) = (x + 2)(x – k) and g(4) = 10, find the value of k.

Solution

7. If F ( x)  2 x  4 , find
(a) F(r),
r
(b) F   ,
2
(c) F(–r),
(d) F(3r).
Solution
(a) F (r )  2( )4


(b)

(c)

(d)

9
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Enhanced
Worksheet 3.2 Notation of a Function
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.16 – 3.23)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
1. We use notations, such as f(x), g(x) and H(x), etc. to denote functions with x as the independent variable.
2. By substituting different values of x into a function f(x), we obtain the corresponding values of the function.
e.g. The value of the function at x = 1 is f(1);
the value of the function at x = 2 is f(2).

1. It is given that f ( x)  x 2  ax, where a ≠ 0. If f(a) = 2a, find

(a) the value of a,
(b) f(–1).
Solution
(a)

(b)

2. It is given that f (t) = kt3  4 and f (3) = 50. Find

(a) the value of k,
(b) (i) 3f (1) + f (0), (ii) [f (2)]2.
Solution
(a)

10
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(b) (i) (ii)

3. It is given that f(x) = 2x2 – 4.

(a) Find f(2x) and f(x – 1).
(b) Hence, solve for x if f(2x) = f(x – 1).
Solution
(a) (b)

4. It is given that f (x) = 4(x + k), g(x) = kx and f (3) = 2g(1).

(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Hence, find the values of x such that
(i) f (x) – g(x) = 6, (ii) f ( x)  g ( x)  120.
Solution
(a)

11
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(b) (i) (ii)

5. The figure shows a cylinder of base radius r cm and height 2r cm.

Suppose V(r) is a function representing the volume (in cm3) of the
cylinder.
(a) Find the function V(r).
(b) Find the volume of a cylinder of base radius 2 cm and height 4 cm.
(c) Find the radius of the cylinder when the volume of the cylinder
is 54 cm3.
(Give your answers in terms of  if necessary.)
Solution
(a)

(b)

(c)

12
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Basic
Worksheet 3.3 Some Common Functions and their
Graphs
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.23 – 3.37)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
1. Some common functions and their graphs
Constant functions Linear functions Quadratic functions
y = c or f(x) = c, where c is a y = ax + b or f(x) = ax + b, where a y = ax2 + bx + c or
constant. and b are constants and a ≠ 0. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and
c are constants and a ≠ 0.

The graph is a straight line.

Note: The x-coordinate of P is
The graph is a horizontal line.
called the x-intercept, while the The graph is a parabola.
y-coordinate of Q is called the
y-intercept of the graph.

2. Features of the graphs of quadratic functions y = ax2 + bx + c

The graph opens upwards, and its vertex is the The graph opens downwards, and its vertex is the
minimum point. maximum point.
Note: (a) The y-intercept of the graph is c.
(b) The x-intercept(s) of the graph is/are the root(s) of ax2 + bx + c = 0.

1. For each of the following functions, determine whether its graph is a straight line, a parabola
or neither of them.
(a) y = 8 ____________________ (b) y = 2x – 3x2 ____________________

1
(c) y = ____________________ (d) y = 2(x + 1) ____________________
x 1

13
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

2. The figure shows the graph of y = kx + 4. Find

(a) the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph,
(b) the value of k.
Solution
(a) ∵ The graph cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at
( , 0) and (0, ) respectively.
∴ x-intercept  ( ) and y-intercept  ( )

(b) ∵ The graph passes through (–6, ).

∴ By substituting (–6, ) into y = kx + 4, we have

3. Determine whether each of the following functions is a quadratic function, and put a ‘’ in the
appropriate box.
Yes No
(a) g ( x)  (3x  1)(2 x  2)  
1
(b) h( x)   
x2
(c) p( x)  2( x  1) 2  3  
(d) r ( x)  x( x 2  2 x)  1  

4. The figure shows the graph of y = 3(x – 4)2 – 12. State

(a) the direction of opening,
(b) the axis of symmetry,
(c) the coordinates of the vertex,
(d) the y-intercept,
(e) the x-intercept(s), if any.
Solution
(a) The graph opens ___________.

(b) The axis of symmetry is ___________.

(c) Coordinates of the vertex = ___________

14
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(d) y-intercept = ___________

(e) The graph has _______ x-intercepts _______ and _______.

15
5. The figure shows the graph of y  5x 2  5x  .
4
(a) State and draw the axis of symmetry of the graph.
(b) Find the coordinates of the vertex and mark it on the graph.
(c) Find the maximum or minimum value of the function
graphically.
Solution
(a) The axis of symmetry is ___________.

(b) Coordinates of the vertex = ___________

(c) ∵ The y-coordinate of the minimum point is ___________.

∴ The minimum value of the function is ___________.

Consider the graphs of the following functions. (6 – 7)

(a) Determine the directions of opening.
(b) Find the x-intercepts and the y-intercepts.
6. y = x2 + 4x + 3 7. y = 3x2 + 9x

Solution Solution
(a) For y = x2 + 4x + 3,
∵ Coefficient of x2 = _________
(>/<)0
∴ The graph opens __________.
(b) The y-intercept of the graph is ___________.
When y = 0,
x2 + 4x + 3 = ( )

∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are

___________ and ___________.

15
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

8. It is given that R(a, 9) is the vertex of the graph of the function y = –x2 – 2x + 8. Find
(a) the value of a,
(b) the axis of symmetry of the graph,
(c) the maximum or minimum value of y.
Solution
(a)

(b)

(c)

16
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Enhanced
Worksheet 3.3 Some Common Functions and their
Graphs
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.23 – 3.37)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
1. Some common functions and their graphs
Constant functions Linear functions Quadratic functions
y = c or f(x) = c, where c is a y = ax + b or f(x) = ax + b, where a y = ax2 + bx + c or
constant. and b are constants and a ≠ 0. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and
c are constants and a ≠ 0.

The graph is a straight line.

Note: The x-coordinate of P is
The graph is a horizontal line.
called the x-intercept, while the The graph is a parabola.
y-coordinate of Q is called the
y-intercept of the graph.

2. Features of the graphs of quadratic functions y = ax2 + bx + c

The graph opens upwards, and its vertex is the The graph opens downwards, and its vertex is the
minimum point. maximum point.
Note: (a) The y-intercept of the graph is c.
(b) The x-intercept(s) of the graph is/are the root(s) of ax2 + bx + c = 0.

17
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Consider the graphs of the following functions. (1 – 2)

(a) Determine the directions of opening.
(b) Find the x-intercepts and the y-intercepts.
1. y = (x – 1)(2x – 5) 2. y = (x + 7)2 + 9
Solution Solution
(a) (a)

(b) (b)

3. The figure shows the graph of y = f(x), where f(x) = kx + 10.

The graph cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at A and B respectively.
If f(–1) = 8, find
(a) the value of k,
(b) the coordinates of A and B.
Solution
(a)

(b)

18
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

4. (a) Plot the graph of the function y = x2 – 2x + 2 from x = 1 to x = 3.

(b) State the following features of the graph in (a):
(i) Axis of symmetry
(ii) Coordinates of the vertex
(iii) Direction of opening
(iv) y-intercept
(v) x-intercept(s), if there is any
(c) Find the maximum or minimum value of the function y = x2 – 2x + 2 graphically.

Solution
(a) Consider y = x2 – 2x + 2.

x 1 0 1 2 3
y

(b) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(c)

19
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

5. The figure shows the graph of y = x2 + 2x  k which cuts the

y-axis at (0, 3). The axis of symmetry is x = 1.
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the coordinates of the minimum point of the graph.

Solution
(a)

(b)

6. It is given that the graph of the function y = –x2 – 6x + 16 cuts the x-axis at A(a, 0) and B(b, 0),
where a > b. The vertex of the graph is C(h, k).
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(b) Find the values of h and k.
(c) Find the area of △ABC.
Solution
(a) (b)

(c)

20
 NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Basic
Worksheet 3.4 Optimum Values of Quadratic
Functions
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.37 – 3.49)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
1. Features of quadratic functions in the form y = a(x – h)2 + k
Case 1: a > 0 Case 2: a < 0
The function has a minimum value k when The function has a maximum value k when
Optimum value
x = h. x = h.
Vertex The graph has a minimum point (h, k). The graph has a maximum point (h, k).
Axis of symmetry x=h

NF 2. Completing the square

2
k
To complete the square for expressions x 2  kx and x 2  kx , add   to each expression.
2
2 2 2
k k k  k
Then x  kx     x 2  2  x      x  
2

2 2 2  2

2 2 2
k k k  k
and x 2  kx     x 2  2  x      x  
2 2 2  2

NF 3. Optimum values of quadratic functions

By completing the square, any quadratic function y  ax 2  bx  c can be converted to the form
b b 2  4ac
y  a( x  h) 2  k , where h   and k   .
2a 4a
(a) If a > 0, then the minimum value of y is k when x = h.
(b) If a < 0, then the maximum value of y is k when x = h.

Each of the following is a graph of a quadratic function y = a(x – h)2 + k. (1 – 3)

Determine whether (a) h > 0 or h < 0,
(b) k > 0 or k < 0.
1. 2. 3.

Solution Solution Solution

(a) h ( > / < ) 0 (a) h ( > / < ) 0 (a) h ( > / < ) 0
(b) k ( > / < ) 0 (b) k ( > / < ) 0 (b) k ( > / < ) 0

21
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

For each of the following quadratic functions, (4 – 7)

find (a) the direction of opening,
(b) the coordinates of the vertex,
(c) the axis of symmetry
of its graph.
4. y = x2 + 1 5. y = 3(x – 2)2 – 2
Solution Solution
(a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = _________ (a)
(>/<)0
∴ The graph opens __________ .
(b) The coordinates of the vertex (b)
are __________ .
(c) The axis of symmetry is __________ . (c)

6. y = (x + 3)2 + 5 7. y = (x + 2)2  1

Solution Solution
y  ( x  3) 2  5 y  ( x  2) 2  1
 [x  ( )]2  5 
(a) (a)

(b) (b)

(c) (c)

22
 NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

8. For each of the following quadratic functions, find its optimum value and state whether the
value is a maximum value or a minimum value.
(a) y = 3x2  2

Solution
Consider the function y = 3x2  2.
∵ Coefficient of x2 = __________ ( > / < ) 0
∴ The __________ value of y is __________ .
(b) y = 2(x + 3)2 – 17

Solution

8
(c) y = 5(x – 3)2 +
3

Solution

NF 9. Rewrite each of the following expressions in the form ( x  m) 2  n, where m and n are real
numbers.
(a) x2 + 6x (b) x2 – 16x
Solution Solution
x2  6x
 x2  6x  ( )2  ( )2


(c) x2 – 9x (d) x2 + 24x

Solution Solution

23
 NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

For each of the following quadratic functions, (10 – 13)

(a) rewrite it into the form y = a(x – h)2 + k,
(b) find its optimum value and state whether the value is a maximum or minimum,
(c) find the coordinates of the vertex and the axis of symmetry of its graph.
10. y = x2 – 2x + 1 NF 11. y = x2 + 8x + 4
Solution Solution
(a) (a)

(b) (b)

(c) (c)

NF 12. y = x2 + 4x + 7 NF 13. y = 4x2  12x  10

Solution Solution
(a) (a)

(b) (b)

(c) (c)

24
 NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Enhanced
Worksheet 3.4 Optimum Values of Quadratic
Functions
(Refer to Book 4A Ch3 p. 3.37 – 3.49)
Name: _________________________ Class: ___________

Key Points
1. Features of quadratic functions in the form y = a(x – h)2 + k
Case 1: a > 0 Case 2: a < 0
The function has a minimum value k when The function has a maximum value k when
Optimum value
x = h. x = h.
Vertex The graph has a minimum point (h, k). The graph has a maximum point (h, k).
Axis of symmetry x=h

NF 2. Completing the square

2
k
To complete the square for expressions x 2  kx and x 2  kx , add   to each expression.
2
2 2 2
k k k  k
Then x  kx     x 2  2  x      x  
2

2 2 2  2

2 2 2
k k k  k
and x 2  kx     x 2  2  x      x  
2 2 2  2

NF 3. Optimum values of quadratic functions

By completing the square, any quadratic function y  ax 2  bx  c can be converted to the form
b b 2  4ac
y  a( x  h) 2  k , where h   and k   .
2a 4a
(a) If a > 0, then the minimum value of y is k when x = h.
(b) If a < 0, then the maximum value of y is k when x = h.

The following figures show the graphs of the quadratic functions. Find the values of h and k. (1 – 2)
1. 2.

Solution Solution
h = __________, k = __________ h = __________, k = __________

25
 NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

3. For each of the following quadratic functions, find its optimum value and the corresponding
value of x, and state whether the optimum value is a maximum or a minimum.
(a) y = 3(x  2)2  7
The ( maximum / minimum ) value of y is ____________ when x = ____________ .
(b) y = 2(x + 5)2 + 10
The ( maximum / minimum ) value of y is ____________ when x = ____________ .
2
1 3 5
(c) y   x   
2 4 6
The ( maximum / minimum ) value of y is ____________ when x = ____________ .

NF 4. Given that the minimum value of the function y = x2 + 20x + k is 7, find the value of k.
Solution

NF 5. The y-intercept of the graph of y = (x + 1)(x + k) + 4k is 10.

(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the coordinates of the vertex and the axis of symmetry of the graph.
Solution
(a)

(b)

26
 NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

6. It is given that V(2, 5) is the vertex of the graph of a quadratic function y = f(x), and its
y-intercept is 29.
(a) Find f(x).
(b) Find the direction of opening of the graph.
(c) Does the graph have any x-intercepts? Explain your answer.
Solution
(a) (b)

(c)

NF 7. In the figure, the graph of y = x2 + kx – 4 passes through (3, 2).

(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find
(i) the axis of symmetry,
(ii) the coordinates of the vertex
of the graph.
Solution
(a)

27
 NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(b) (i)

(ii)

NF 8. If the difference of two numbers is 14, find the minimum value of the product of these two
numbers.
Solution

28
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

Solution
3 Functions and Graphs (c) No
Basic Worksheet 3.1
2. (a) The domain of the function is all real numbers.
1. (a) Yes
(b) Yes (b) ∵ x + 5 must be non-negative.
i.e. x  5  0
(c) Yes
x  5
(d) No ∴ The domain of the function is all real numbers
greater than or equal to –5.
2. (a) The domain of the function is all real numbers.
(b) ∵ x + 1 cannot be zero.
3. (a) ∵ x0
i.e. The value of x cannot be –1. ∴ y  4 ( 0)  3
∴ The domain of the function is all real numbers y3
except –1. ∴ The range of the function is all real numbers
greater than 3.
3. (a) ∵ Any vertical line intersects the graph at only one
point. (b) From (a), the dependent variable y can take any real
i.e. For any value of x where –10 ≤ x ≤ 10, there is number greater than 3.
only one corresponding value of y. ∴ The collection of real number y, where y > 7,
∴ y is a function of x. cannot be the co-domain of the function since
it does not include all possible values of the
(b) dependent variable.
vertical line

4. (a) Total amount obtained = $[n × 6 + (100 – n) × 5]

= $(n + 500)
∴ A = n + 500
(b) ∵ The number of apples cannot exceed 100.
∴ The domain of the function is the collection of
1, 2, 3, … , 99.

5. (a) 2 4 6 8
∵ The vertical line intersects the graph at more t (s)
than one point.
∴ For some values of x where –10 ≤ x ≤ 10, there v (m/s) 32 24 16 8
are more than one corresponding value of y.
∴ y is not a function of x. (b) From the graph,
the domain of the function is the collection of real
4. (a) From the table, we can see that: numbers t, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 10;
When x = 1, y = 2; the range of the function is the collection of real
when x = 3, y = 4; numbers v, where 0 ≤ v ≤ 40.
when x = 5, y = 6;
(c) From (b), the dependent variable v can take any
when x = 7, y = 8.
real number from 0 to 40 inclusively.
∵ Each value of x gives exactly one value of y.
∴ Joseph’s claim is not correct since the
∴ y is a function of x.
suggested co-domain does not include all
(b) From the table, we can see that: possible values of the dependent variable, i.e.
When x = 2, y = 0 or 1. the collection of the real number v, where
∵ Not every value of x gives exactly one value of 0 ≤ v ≤ 40.
y.
∴ y is not a function of x. Basic Worksheet 3.2
1. (a) f (2)  2(2)  3
5. (a) Perimeter of the triangle = 3 × side length
∴ F = 3x 43
7
(b) Sum of three numbers = (m + 1) + (m + 2) + (m + 3)
= 3m + 6
(b) f (0)  2(0)  3
∴ F = 3m + 6
03
Enhanced Worksheet 3.1 3

1. (a) Yes
(b) Yes

29
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(c) f (1)  2(1)  3 (b) 2 f (3)  g (0)  2[(3) 2  2(3)  2]  [3(0)  4]

 2  3  2(9  6  2)  (4)
1  2(5)(4)
  40
2. (a) g (1)  (1)3  5(1)
1 5 f (1) (1) 2  2(1)  2
(c) 
4 g ( 2) 3(2)  4
5

(b) g (1)  ( 1)3  5( 1)  10
 1  5 
1
4 2

3
 1  1  1 ∵
(c) g         5   5. H(5) = 10
 2   2   2 ∴ a(5)  5  10
 
1 5 5a  15
8 2 a3
19

8
6. ∵ g(–4) = 10
∴ (4  2)(4  k )  10
2
3. (a) (i) h(2)  2(4  k )  10
( 2)  4
4k 5
 1
k 1
2
(ii) h(2)  7. (a) F (r )  2(r )  4
(2)  4
1  2r  4

3
r r
(b) F    2   4
1 2 2 2
(iii) h   r4
 2   1   4
2 (c) F (  r )  2(  r )  4
2
   2r  4
7

2 (d) F (3r )  2(3r )  4
4
  6r  4
7

1 1 Enhanced Worksheet 3.2

(b) (i)   1
h(2)  1 1. (a) ∵ f(a) = 2a
∵
4
  1 ∴ ( a )  a ( a )  2a
2

7
2a 2  2a
1 1
∴ h   is not true. a(a  1)  0
 2  h(2)
a  0 (rejected) or 1
(ii) h(2)  (1)
(b) From (a), we have f(x) = x2 + x.
1
1 f (1)  (1) 2  (1)
∵  1  11
3
∴ h(–2) = –h(2) is not true. 0

4. (a) f (0)  g (1)  [(0) 2  2(0)  2]  [3(1)  4] 2. (a) ∵ f(3) = 50

 2  (1) ∴ k (3)  4  50
3

1 27 k  54
k 2

30
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(b) (i) From (a), we have f(t) = 2t3 – 4. (c) V ( r )  54

3 f (1)  f (0)  3[2(1)  4]  [2(0)  4]
3 3
2r 3  54
 6  4 r 3  27
  10 r 3
∴ The base radius of the cylinder is 3 cm.
(ii) [ f (2)]2  [2(2)3  4]2
 (20)2 Basic Worksheet 3.3
 400 1. (a) Straight line
(b) Parabola
3. (a) f (2 x)  2(2 x)2  4
(c) Neither of them
 8x2  4
(d) Straight line
f ( x  1)  2( x  1) 2  4
 2( x 2  2 x  1)  4 2. (a) ∵ The graph cuts the x-axis and the y-axis at
(–6, 0) and (0, 4) respectively.
 2 x2  4x  2 ∴ x-intercept  6 and y-intercept  4
(b) ∵ f(2x) = f(x – 1) (b) ∵ The graph passes through (–6, 0).
∴ 8x2  4  2 x2  4 x  2 ∴ By substituting (–6, 0) into y = kx + 4, we have
6x2  4x  2  0 0  k (6)  4
6k  4
3x 2  2 x  1  0
2
( x  1)(3x  1)  0 k
3
1
x 1 or x
3
3. (a) Yes

4. (a) ∵ f(3) = 2g(1) (b) No

∴ 4[(3)  k ]  2[k (1)] (c) Yes
12  4k  2k (d) No
2k  12
k  6 4. (a) The graph opens upwards.
(b) The axis of symmetry is x = 4.
(b) (i) ∵ f(x) – g(x) = 6
∴ 4( x  6)  (6 x)  6 (c) Coordinates of vertex  (4,  12)
4 x  24  6 x  6 (d) y-intercept  36
10 x  30
x3 (e) The graph has two x-intercepts 2 and 6.

(ii) ∵ f ( x)  g ( x)  120 5. (a)

∴ 4( x  6)  (6 x)  120
 24 x( x  6)  120
x( x  6)  5
x2  6x  5  0
( x  1)( x  5)  0
x  1 or x5

(a) V (r )  r  2r
2
5.
 2r 3
(b) When r = 2, base radius = 2 cm and height = 4 cm.
V (2)  2 (2)3 The axis of symmetry is x = –0.5.
 16
∴ The volume of the cylinder is 16 cm3.

31
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(b) (b) The y-intercept of the graph is 5.

When y = 0,
( x  1)(2 x  5)  0
5
x 1 or x
2
5
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and .
2

2. (a) y  ( x  7 ) 2  9
 ( x 2  14 x  49)  9
  x 2  14 x  40
∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0
∴ The graph opens downwards.
Coordinates of the vertex  (0.5,  5)
(b) The y-intercept of the graph is –40.
When y = 0,
(c) ∵ The y-coordinate of the minimum point is 5.  x 2  14 x  40  0
∴ The minimum value of the function is 5.
x 2  14 x  40  0
6. (a) For y = x2 + 4x + 3, ( x  4)( x  10)  0
∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0 x  4 or x  10
∴ The graph opens upwards. ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –4 and –10.
(b) The y-intercept of the graph is 3.
3. (a) ∵ f(–1) = 8
When y = 0,
∴ k (1)  10  8
x2  4 x  3  0
 k  2
( x  1)( x  3)  0
k 2
x  1 or x  3
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –1 and –3. (b) Let (a, 0) and (0, b) be the coordinates of A and B
respectively.
7. (a) For y = –3x2 + 9x, By substituting (a, 0) and k = 2 into y = f(x), we have
∵ Coefficient of x2 = –3 < 0 0  2(a)  10
∴ The graph opens downwards. a  5
(b) The y-intercept of the graph is 0. ∴ The coordinates of A are (–5, 0).
When y = 0, By substituting (0, b) and k = 2 into y = f(x), we have
 3x 2  9 x  0 b  2(0)  10
 3x( x  3)  0  10
∴ The coordinates of B are (0, 10).
x  0 or x3
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 0 and 3. 4. (a) Consider y = x2 – 2x + 2.
x –1 0 1 2 3
8. (a) ∵ R(a, 9) is the vertex of the graph.
∴ By substituting (a, 9) into y = –x2 – 2x + 8, y 5 2 1 2 5
we have
9   a 2  2a  8
a 2  2a  1  0
(a  1) 2  0
a  1

(b) ∵ R(–1, 9) is the vertex of the graph.

∴ The axis of symmetry of the graph is x = –1.
(c) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0
∴ The graph opens downwards.
∴ The maximum value of y is 9.

Enhanced Worksheet 3.3

1. (a) y  ( x  1)(2 x  5)
(b) (i) The axis of symmetry is x = 1.
 2x2  7 x  5
∵ Coefficient of x2 = 2 > 0 (ii) Coordinates of the vertex = (1, 1)
∴ The graph opens upwards.
(iii) The graph opens upwards.
32
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(iv) y-intercept = 2 (b) The coordinates of the vertex are (0, 1).
(c) The axis of symmetry is x = 0.
(v) The graph has no x-intercepts.
(c) ∵ The y-coordinate of the minimum point of the 5. (a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –3 < 0
graph is 1. ∴ The graph opens downwards.
∴ The minimum value of the function is 1.
(b) The coordinates of the vertex are (2, –2).
5. (a) ∵ y-intercept = –3 (c) The axis of symmetry is x = 2.
∴  k  3
k 3 6. y  ( x  3)2  5
 [ x  (3)]2  5
(b) Let (1, q) be the coordinates of the minimum point. (a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0
By substituting (1, q) and k = 3 into y = x2 + 2x – k,
∴ The graph opens upwards.
we have
q  (1) 2  2(1)  3 (b) The coordinates of the vertex are (–3, 5).
1 2  3 (c) The axis of symmetry is x = –3.
 4
∴ The coordinates of the minimum point are 7. y  ( x  2)2  1
(1, 4).
 [ x  (2)]2  1
6. (a) When y = 0, (a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0
∴ The graph opens downwards.
0   x 2  6 x  16
x 2  6 x  16  0 (b) The coordinates of the vertex are (–2, –1).
( x  2)( x  8)  0 (c) The axis of symmetry is x = –2.
x  2 or x  8
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 8. 8. (a) Consider the function y = –3x2 – 2.
∵ Coefficient of x2 = –3 < 0
∵ a>b
∴ The maximum value of y is –2.
∴ a = 2 and b = 8
(b) Consider the function y = 2(x + 3)2 – 17.
(b) ∵ Axis of symmetry is x = h. ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 2 > 0
ab ∴ The minimum value of y is –17.
∴ x-coordinate of C 
2
8
2  (8) (c) Consider the function y = –5(x – 3)2 + .
 3
2
∵ Coefficient of x2 = –5 < 0
 3
8
∴ h = 3 ∴ The maximum value of y is .
3
By substituting (–3, k) into y = –x2 – 6x + 16,
we have
9. (a) x2  6 x
k  (3) 2  6(3)  16 2 2
 25 6 6
 x2  6 x      
2 2
1  ( x 2  6 x  32 )  9
(c) Area of △ABC   AB  k sq. units
2  ( x  3) 2  9
1
  [2  (8)]  25 sq. units
2 (b) x 2  16 x
 125 sq. units 2 2
 16   16 
 x 2  16 x      
 2  2
Basic Worksheet 3.4  ( x 2  16 x  82 )  64
1. (a) h < 0  ( x  8) 2  64
(b) k < 0
(c) x2  9x
2 2
2. (a) h > 0 9 9
 x2  9x      
(b) k > 0 2 2
  9   81
2
3. (a) h > 0   x2  9x     
  2   4
(b) k > 0
2
 9  81
4. (a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0 x   
 2 4
∴ The graph opens upwards.
33
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(d) x 2  24 x Enhanced Worksheet 3.4

2 2
 24   24  1. h = 1, k = 4
 x 2  24 x      
 2   2 
2. h = 1.5, k = 2
 ( x 2  24 x  122 )  144
 ( x  12) 2  144 3. (a) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 3 > 0
∴ The minimum value of y is –7 when x = 2.
10. (a) y  x2  2x  1 (b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –2 < 0
 ( x  1)  0
2
∴ The maximum value of y is 10 when x = –5.
1
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0 (c) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = >0
2
∴ The minimum value of y = x2 – 2x + 1 is 0.
5 3
∴ The minimum value of y is  when x =  .
(c) The coordinates of the vertex are (1, 0). 6 4
The axis of symmetry is x = 1.
4. y  x 2  20 x  k
11. (a) y  x  8x  4
2
2 2
 20   20 
8 8
2 2  x 2  20 x        k
 x2  8x        4  2   2 
2 2
 ( x 2  20 x  102 )  100  k
 ( x  8 x  4 )  16  4
2 2
 ( x  10) 2  100  k
 ( x  4) 2  12 ∵ The minimum value of the function is 7.
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0 ∴ 100  k  7
∴ The minimum value of y = x2 + 8x + 4 is –12. k  107

(c) The coordinates of the vertex are (–4, –12).

The axis of symmetry is x = –4. 5. (a) ∵ The y-intercept of the graph of
y = (x + 1)(x + k) + 4k is 10.
∴ By substituting (0, 10) into
12. (a) y   x2  4x  7
y = (x + 1)(x + k) + 4k, we have
 ( x 2  4 x )  7 10  (0  1)(0  k )  4k
 4 4 
2 2 5k  10
  x2  4 x         7
  2   2   k 2

 ( x 2  4 x  2 2 )  4  7 (b) y  ( x  1)( x  2)  8
 ( x  2)  112
 x 2  3 x  10
2 2
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –1 < 0 3 3
 x 2  3 x        10
∴ The maximum value of y = –x2 + 4x + 7 is 11. 2 2
(c) The coordinates of the vertex are (2, 11).  3  9
2
  x 2  3 x       10
The axis of symmetry is x = 2.   2   4
2
y  4 x 2  12 x  10  3  31
13. (a)  x  
 4( x 2  3x)  10  2 4

  3 31 
3 3  ∴ The coordinates of the vertex are   , .
2 2
 4 x 2  3x         10  2 4
  2   2  
3
The axis of symmetry is x =  .
 3 
2
2
 4 x 2  3x      9  10
  2  
6. (a) Let f(x) = a(x – 2)2 + 5, where a is a constant.
2
 3 ∵ The y-intercept of the graph is 29.
 4 x    1 ∴ By substituting (0, 29) into y = a(x – 2)2 + 5, we
 2
have
(b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = –4 < 0 29  a(0  2) 2  5
∴ The maximum value of y = –4x2 – 12x – 10 is 4a  24
–1.
a6
 3  ∴ f(x) = 6(x – 2)2 + 5
(c) The coordinates of the vertex are   ,  1 .
 2  (b) ∵ Coefficient of x2 = 6 > 0
3 ∴ The graph opens upwards.
The axis of symmetry is x =  .
2

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4A Section Worksheets 3 Functions and Graphs

(c) From (b), the minimum value of y is 5.

∴ The whole graph is above the x-axis.
i.e. The graph never cuts the x-axis and has no
x-intercepts.
Alternative Solution
y  6( x  2) 2  5
 6( x 2  4 x  4)  5
 6 x 2  24 x  24  5
 6 x 2  24 x  29
Consider 6x2 – 24x + 29 = 0.
  (24) 2  4(6)(29)
 120
0
∴ The graph has no x-intercepts.

7. (a) ∵ The graph passes through (3, 2).

∴ By substituting (3, 2) into y = x2 + kx – 4,
we have
2  (3) 2  k (3)  4
2  9  3k  4
3k  13  2
k 5

(b) (i) y   x2  5x  4
 ( x 2  5 x )  4
 5 5 
2 2
  x2  5x         4
  2   2  
  5   25
2
  x2  5x      4
  2   4
2
 5 9
  x   
 2 4
5
∴ The axis of symmetry is x  .
2

5 9
(ii) The coordinates of the vertex are  ,  .
2 4

8. Let x be the smaller number, then x + 14 is the larger

number.
Their product  x( x  14)
 x 2  14 x
2 2
 14   14 
 x 2  14 x      
 2  2
 ( x 2  14 x  7 2 )  7 2
 ( x  7) 2  49
∴ The minimum value of the product of the two
numbers is 49.

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