DEBRETABOR UNIVERSITY

FACLUITY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTEMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Final Internship report

Internship hosting company: - Debretabor University IOT Lab

Project Title: - Arduino Rain Alarming System

Submitted to Mr. Mulatu G. (M.Sc. in Software Engineering)

April 2021
Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
 DECLARATION

We declare that this internship report is one of the ways of improving the theoretical knowledge
into practical knowledge as well as to upgrading the practical skills, which are gained in the hosting
company. We want to approve that this internship report and project about “Arduino Rain
Alarming System”. We have been working the internship experience in Debretabor University
IOT Lab from March 6, 2021 to March 25, 2021.

Project Group members

Name ID
1. Kaleb Lule …………………………….………………………75/10
2. Henok Mesfin …………………………….……………...……71/10
3. Yilma Shiferaw …………………………….………………….119/10
4. Rude Teshale …………………………….…………………….100/10

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 ABSTRACT
Due to the rate of damages that occur to our industrials and homes possessions during rainfall.
This rain alarm will give you an alarm indication the instant it starts to rain, hopefully giving you
time to close windows and bring in possessions in our homes and to keep so many of our industrial
machines in a proper place. The alarm has also the ability to indicate when it stops raining, by that
time the alarm will stop. This project was designed to indicate when it is raining and also to indicate
when the rain has stop. Apart from these two applications, there are other applications that this
alarm has which would be mentioned in this work.

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 Table of Contents
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Objective of the Project ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1 Main Objective ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Specific Objective .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Problem Identification .................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Proposed System .......................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 3
METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Components Required .................................................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 Hardware Requirement ........................................................................................................ 3
2.1.2 Software Requirement .......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.3 Arduino Code ................................................................................................................................ 9
2.4 Testing Results ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.5 Application areas of Rain Alarm.................................................................................................. 10
2.6 Advantages and Disadvantages .................................................................................................. 10
2.6.1 Advantages.......................................................................................................................... 10
2.6.2 Disadvantages ..................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................................................... 11
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................ 11

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 List of Figure

Figure 1 Arduino UNO ..................................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2 Rain Board ......................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 3 Control Board .................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 4 Rain Water Detection Module ......................................................................................... 5
Figure 5 Buzzer ............................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 6 LED.................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 7 Connecting Wires .............................................................................................................. 6
Figure 8 Rain Alarm System Circuit Diagram .................................................................................. 7
Figure 9 connected project ............................................................................................................. 8
Figure 10 Testing Results .............................................................................................................. 10

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Rain Alarm Project is a simple but very useful project that detects Rain (Rain Water) and
automatically triggers an alarm or buzzer. Water is a basic need in every one’s life. Saving water
and proper usage of water is very important. Here is an easy project which will give the alarm
when there is rain, so that we can make some actions for rain water harvesting and also save the
rain water for using it later. With the help of saving this rain water through rain water harvesting,
we can increase the levels of underground water by using underwater recharge technique.
Rain water detector will detect the rain and make an alert; rain water detector is used in the
irrigation field, home automation, communication, automobiles etc. Here is the simple and reliable
circuit of rain water detector which can be constructed at low cost. In this project, we have designed
a simple Rain Alarm Circuit, which, upon detecting rain, will activate a buzzer. Based on the
buzzer, we can take necessary actions.

1.1 Objective of the Project

1.1.1 Main Objective
The main purpose of this project is to design and implement an Arduino Rain Alarming System
that can be produced at a low cost with effective and competitive usage. This System is designed
to be more users friendly and easy to operate at any level.

1.1.2 Specific Objective

The primary aim or purpose of the project are-
• To Conserve Water There is a lot of water that you can save by using a rain sensor. By
automatically turning off your lawn irrigation system every time it rains, the conserved water
can be used in other essential purposes such as fighting fire.
• To Prevent Disease Damage and Nutrient Loss Over-watering prevent the roots of your
plants from reaching deep into –the ground making your plants vulnerable to disease. Over-
watering is also one of the major causes of nutrient loss in plants as excessive watering washes
away the nutrients of the soil leaving your plants week and unhealthy.

• To Save Money on Fertilizer A rain sensor prevents you from overwatering your plants and
lawn. When a plant is overwatered, the nutrients from the turf wash away into the drainage
system. You have to compensate by adding more fertilizers to your lawn and plants. This
means spending more money on fertilizers. With a rain sensor that effectively prevents your
lawn irrigation system from overwatering your lawn and plants, your garden turf will remain
to be an ideal environment for your plants in accordance with the fertilizer that you are using.

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• To Increase the Life-span of your Irrigation System Using a rain sensor prevents
unnecessary wear and tear of your lawn irrigation system since it minimizes the amount of
time that your lawn irrigation is in operation. This is especially useful during the rainy season
where rain unpredictably come and go.
• To Prevent Groundwater and Waterways Pollution A lawn irrigation system equipped with
a rain sensor minimizes wasteful runoff such as pesticides, motor oil, fertilizer, pet waste and
sediments from reaching your waterways. It also minimizes garden pollutants such as
herbicides and fertilizers from getting into your groundwater system.

1.2 Problem Identification

Water is wasted due to improper use because of this our agriculture is not growing as expected. In
order to be more productive key point will be to manage our water consumption efficiently.

1.3 Proposed System

Here in our mini-project we try to address the problem mentioned above by implementing Arduino
technology, that is when a droplet of water occurs a automatically triggers an alarm or buzzer to
prevent loss of water.

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 CHAPTER TWO

METHODOLOGY

2.1 Components Required

2.1.1 Hardware Requirement
1x Arduino UNO
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button.

Figure 1 Arduino UNO

1 x Rain Water Detection Module

The Raindrops module consists of two boards, namely Rain Board and Control Board. The Rain
board module consists of two copper tracks, designed in such a way that under the dry conditions
they provide high resistance to the supply voltage, and this output voltage of this module will be
5V. This module’s resistance gradually decreases with respect to an increase in the wetness on the
board. As the resistance decreases, its output voltage also decreases with respect to the wetness on
the module. The Rain board module consists of two pins used to connect to the control board as
shown below.

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 Figure 2 Rain Board

Control Board module controls the sensitivity and converts the analog output to digital output. If
the analog value is below the threshold value of the control board, the output is digital low, and If
the analog value is higher than the threshold value, the output is digital high. For this comparison
and conversion, an LM393 OP-Amp Comparator is used. An Op-Amp comparator is an interesting
circuit that can be used to compare two different voltage values, we have already used in this
circuit in many projects like Smart Electronic Candle, Laser Security Alarm, Line Follower Robot
and much more.

The Rain control module which is shown below consists of 4 pins to connect the Arduino namely
VCC, GND, D0, A0 and two more pins to connect the rain board module. In summary, the rain
board module detects the rainwater, and the control board module is used to control the sensitivity
and compare and convert the analog values to digital values.

Figure 3 Control Board

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 Figure 4 Rain Water Detection Module

1 x Buzzer
An Arduino buzzer is also called a piezo buzzer. It is basically a tiny speaker that you can
connect directly to an Arduino. You can make it sound a tone at a frequency you set.
The buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect.

Figure 5 Buzzer

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 1 x LED
In the simplest terms, a light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when
an electric current is passed through it. Light is produced when the particles that carry the current
(known as electrons and holes) combine together within the semiconductor material.

Figure 6 LED

Connecting Wires
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be used to
connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used with
breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.

Figure 7 Connecting Wires

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2.1.2 Software Requirement

Arduino software
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for
Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and C++. It is used to write and
upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of third-party cores, other
vendor development boards.

2.2 Circuit Diagram

The below circuit diagram shows you the circuit connections for the Rain Drop Sensor with
Arduino. The design is done using proteus, the physical modules are similar to the modules which
are shown in the circuit diagram.

Figure 8 Rain Alarm System Circuit Diagram

The rain gauge module, which is shown in the circuit diagram is connected to the control board.
The control board’s VCC pin is connected to the 5V supply. The ground pin is connected to
ground. If needed, the A0 pin is connected to the analog pin of Arduino, which makes monitoring
the change in output easy. We need to operate the buzzer, even if there is a considerable change in
the output voltage in the rain board module. Due to these reasons, the buzzer, Positive pin is
connected to Arduino 10 pin and the negative pin to Arduino GND pin. The last one is LED we
connect Led Positive pin to Arduino 11 pin and the negative one to Arduino GND pin.

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The connected project looks somewhat like the picture below.

Figure 9 connected project

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2.3 Arduino Code
3
4 // Viral Science
5 // Rain Detection Module
6
7 int rainsense= A0; // analog sensor input pin 0
8 int buzzerout= 10; // digital output pin 10 - buzzer output
9 int countval= 0; // counter value starting from 0 and goes up by 1
every second
10 int ledout= 11; // digital output pin 11 - led output
11
12 void setup(){
13 Serial.begin(9600);
14 pinMode(buzzerout, OUTPUT);
15 pinMode(ledout, OUTPUT);
16 pinMode(rainsense, INPUT);
17 }
18 void loop(){
19 int rainSenseReading = analogRead(rainsense);
20 Serial.println(rainSenseReading); // serial monitoring message
21 delay(250);// rain sensing value from 0 to 1023.
22 // from heavy rain - no rain.
23 if (countval >= 35){
24 Serial.print("Heavy rain");
25 digitalWrite(buzzerout, HIGH); //raise an alert after x time
26 digitalWrite(ledout, HIGH); // led glow
27 }
28 //raining for long duration rise buzzer sound
29 // there is no rain then reset the counter value
30 if (rainSenseReading <500){
31 countval++; // increment count value
32 }
33 else if (rainSenseReading >500) { // if not raining
34 digitalWrite(buzzerout, LOW); // turn off buzzer
35 digitalWrite(ledout, LOW); // turn off led
36 countval = 0; // reset count to 0
37 }
38 delay(1000);
39 }

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2.4 Testing Results
The serial monitor shows the results when the raining module was soaked with water. Based on
the amount of water, the analog output can read different levels of amount of water drop.

Figure 10 Testing Results

2.5 Application areas of Rain Alarm

✓ In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and immediately alert the farmer.
✓ In automobiles, when the rain detector detects the rain it will immediately active the
wipers and inform the driver.
✓ In normal house hold, with the help of rain water detector we can automatically save the
rain water. (This can be done only when home automation is done and there is proper
equipment to save the rain water).
✓ This can also be used if there is a chemical rain also. This is very common in industrial
areas.

2.6 Advantages and Disadvantages

2.6.1 Advantages
✓ Conserve Water
✓ Prevent Disease Damage and Nutrient Loss
✓ Save Money on Fertilizer
✓ Increase the Life-span of your Irrigation System:
✓ Prevent Groundwater and Waterways Pollution

2.6.2 Disadvantages
✓ False detection

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 CHAPTER THREE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

3.1 Conclusion
Generally, there was no question that water is very essential to our life. We can summarize that,
after the end of the project, it will give enormous advantages for home, commercial and industrial
appliances. This project is essential for fertilizer and cottage industries. The main purpose the
project is to avoid mental stress and to the prevent material from rain. This is project can construct
easily using simple electronics component.
Finally, this system avoids above problems and gives good result. This Project moves carry
towards the new technology. In this project, items are protected in rainy season. So, it provides
comfortability, reduces the human effort and saves the time. It can easily be used in homes, office
and wherever it can be used based on our needs. So, it makes life easy to our next generation.

3.2 Recommendation
This work is basically prototype, if it starts manufacturing the end products for market for the
use of peoples. For this reason, the whom all concerned have to participate to manufacture it and
make peoples life better light.

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