BDwbU

mgvRKg© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv

(Values and Principles of Social Work Profession)
3
f~wgKv
Ô†ckvÕ ev Ôprofession’ GKwU mycwiwPZ kã| mvaviYfv‡e RxebaviY ev RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq ev cš’v‡K †ckv
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv n‡jI mKj RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq †ckv bq| †Kbbv RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq ev cš’v‡K ejv
nq e„wË ev occupation| †Kv‡bv e„wË ZLbB †ckvi gh©v`v jvf Ki‡e hw` Zvi myk„•Lj Ávb I ZvwË¡K wfwË, we‡kl
`ÿZv I ˆbc~Y¨, †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ I Revew`wnZv, †ckvMZ msMVb I wbqš¿Y, †ckvMZ bxwZgvjv I g~j¨‡eva,
RbKj¨vYgyLxZv I DcvR©bkxjZv, HwZnvwmK cUf~wg Ges mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ _v‡K| Gw`K †_‡K mKj †ckv‡KB
e„wË ejv †M‡jI mKj e„wˇK †ckv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv hvq bv| †hgbÑ wi·vPvjK n‡”Qb e„wËRxex Ges Wv³vi
n‡”Qb †ckvRxex| mKj †ckviB †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q, hv Zv‡K ¯^Zš¿ gh©v`vq AwawôZ K‡i|
mgvRKg©© †ckvi wbR¯^ wKQz †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q, hv †ckvMZ Abykxj‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i| e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vq ¯^xK…wZ, AvZ¥wbqš¿Y AwaKvi, mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb my‡hvM, m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi
BZ¨vw` mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n
cvVÑ3.1 : †ckvi aviYv
cvVÑ3.2 : †ckv I e„wËi m¤úK©
cvVÑ3.3 : mgvRKg©© †ckvi ˆewkó¨ I ¸iæZ¡
cvVÑ3.4 : g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv I aib
cvVÑ3.5 : mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv
cvVÑ3.6 : mgvRKg©© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv Ges Gi ¸iæZ¡
cvVÑ3.7 : †ckv wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©

cvV-3.1 †ckvi aviYv (The Concept of Profession)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
3.1.1 e„wË Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.1.2 †ckv Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.1.3 †ckvi ˆewkó¨ ev gvb`Ð m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.1.1 e„wË
e„wËi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã Ôoccupation’| e„wË ej‡Z Rxeb avi‡Yi mvaviY Dcvq ev Aej¤^b‡K eySv‡bv
nq| hvi Rb¨ D”PZi ZvwË¡K Ávb I e¨envwiK wkÿv-cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| †hgbÑ Kzwj, gRyi, wi·vPvjbv,
N‡ii KvR, M„ncwiPvwiKvi KvR BZ¨vw` n‡”Q e„wËi D`vniY| e„wËRxexiv B‡”Q Ki‡jB Zvi e„wË cwieZ©b K‡i Ab¨
†Kv‡bv e„wˇZ m¤ú„³ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ GKRb mÿg wf¶zK B‡”Q Ki‡jB wfÿve„wË †Q‡o wi·v Pvjv‡Z cv‡i|
3.1.2 †ckvi aviYv
evsjv †ckv g~jZ GKwU dviwm kã| Ab¨w`‡K †ckvi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã n‡jv ÔProfession’| hvi AwfavwbK A_©
RxweKv ev Rxeb avi‡Yi we‡kl Dcvq (Occupation)| Z‡e RxweKv wbe©v‡ni mKj Dcvq ev cš’v †ckv bq|
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ_g cÎ

†hgbÑ wi·vPvjK I Wv³v‡ii KvR DfqB RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq n‡jI wi·Pvj‡Ki KvR e„wË Ges Wv³v‡ii KvR
†ckv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| †Kbbv gvbeÁv‡bi †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó kvLvi D”Pgv‡bi ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK `ÿZv
AR©b K‡i †m Ávb‡K A_©‰bwZK D‡Ï‡k¨ Z_v Rxeb avi‡Yi Dcvq wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zv †ckv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
n‡e|
gbxlx G. B. †eb (A. E. Benn) Gi g‡Z, Ò†ckv n‡jv Ab¨‡K wb‡`©kbv, cwiPvjbv ev Dc‡`k cÖ`v‡bi Ggb
GKwU RxweKv hvi Rb¨ we‡kl ÁvbvR©b Ki‡Z nq|Ó (Profession is a calling in which one professes to
have acquired specialised knowledge which is used either in instructing, guiding or advising
others)
mgvRKg©© Awfav‡bi (1995) e¨vL¨vbyhvqx, Ò†ckv n‡jv Ggb GK`j Rb‡Mvôx hviv wbw`©ó mvgvwRK cÖ‡qvRb ev
Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Awfbœ mvaviY g~j¨‡eva, `ÿZv, †KŠkj, Ávb Ges wek¦vm AbymiY I e¨envi K‡i|Ó (Profession is
a group of people who use a common system of values, skills, techniques, knowledge and
beliefs to meet a specific social need.)
G‡ÿ‡Î Wilbert E. More Zuvi “The Profession : Roles and Rules” MÖ‡š’ †ckvi msÁvq e‡jb Ò†ckv
n‡jv GKwU mve©ÿwYK Kg©, hv †mev`v‡b cÖwZkÖæwZe× mn‡hvMx‡`i Avjv`v cwiwPwZ, we‡klvwqZ Ávb I cÖwkÿY
Ges †mevgyLxZv I `vwqZ¡cvj‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^vZš¿‡eva|Ó
myZivs †ckv ej‡Z we‡kl †Kv‡bv wel‡q wbw`©ó Ávb, `ÿZv, ˆbc~Y¨, g~j¨‡eva, we‡kl bxwZ I ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ e„wˇK
†evSvq, hv mvaviYZ RbKj¨vYg~Lx Ges †ckvMZ msMV‡bi gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z I cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| †h †Kv‡bv
†ckv‡K cwic~Y© †ckvi gh©v`v AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j mgvR I iv‡óªi ¯^xK…wZ AR©b Ki‡Z nq|
3.1.3. †ckvi ˆewkó¨ ev gvb`Ð
†Kv‡bv e„wË ev RxweKv wbe©v‡ni Dcvq‡K †ckvi gh©v`v AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j Zvi g‡a¨ KZ¸‡jv mywbw`©ó ˆewkó¨ _vKv
Acwinvh©| †Kv‡bv e„wË (occupation) †ckvi (profession) gh©v`v AR©b K‡i‡Q wK bv Zv †hme ˆewk‡ó¨i
Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv nq †m¸‡jv‡K †ckvi gvb`Ð ejv nq| †ckvi ˆewkó¨ ev gvb`Ð cÖm‡½ mgvRweÁvbxiv wewfbœ
mg‡q wewfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| mgvRweÁvbx Av‡b©ó MÖxbDW (Earnest Greenwood) e„wË m¤úwK©Z
mgvRZvwË¡K we‡køl‡Yi Av‡jv‡K †ckvi cuvPwU ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ (atributes) D‡jøL K‡ib, Zv n‡jv : 1) myk„•Lj ZË¡
(systematictheory), 2) †ckvMZ KZ…©Z¡ (professional authority), 3) mgv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZ (community
sanction), 4) †ckvMZ ˆbwZK gvb`Ð (ethical codes); Ges 5) †ckvMZ ms®‹…wZ ev msMVb (professional
culture or organization)|
Ab¨w`‡K Warner Boehm Gi g‡Z, RbKj¨vYgyLxZv, weÁvbwfwËK myk„sLj Ávb I ZË¡, †ckvMZ KZ…©Z¡,
mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ I ˆbwZK gvb`Ð GB cuvPwU ˆewkó¨ hw` †Kv‡bv e„wËi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K Z‡e †mwU‡K †ckv
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq| gbxlx Charles D. Garvin (1998) Zuvi “Social Work in Contemporary Society”
MÖ‡š’ †ckvi wewfbœ msÁv we‡kølY K‡i Gi KZ¸‡jv gvb`Ð wba©viY K‡ib| †m¸‡jv n‡jv myk„•Lj Ávb I ZvwË¡K
wfwË, wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡qi wkÿv I cÖwkÿY, D”P ch©v‡qi `ÿZv, DcvR©bkxjZv, †ckvMZ msMVb, †ckvMZ
wbqš¿Y, cwigvc‡hvM¨ I ch©‡eÿb‡hvM¨ djvdj, SzuwKc~Y©‡`i msiÿY Ges mgv‡Ri ¯^xK…wZ|
mgvRweÁvbx Willam E. Wickenden e‡jb, ˆeÁvwbK Ávb, ˆbc~Y¨ ev `ÿZv, Ávb I `ÿZv AR©‡bi wkÿvg~jK
cÖwµqv gvbm¤§Z e¨w³MZ †hvM¨Zv, myk„•Lj bxwZgvjv I g~j¨‡eva, ivóª ev mnKgx©‡`i Øviv †ckvMZ gh©v`v Ges
†ckvMZ msMVb GB QqwU n‡”Q †ckvi ˆewkó¨| wewfbœ gbxlx‡`i cÖ`Ë gZvgZ we‡kølY K‡i †ckvi wb‡gœv³ ˆewkó¨
I gvb`и‡jv w¯’i Kiv hvq :

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 38

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

1. myk„•Lj Ávb I ZvwË¡K wfwË : cÖ‡Z¨KwU †ckviB myk„•Lj Ávb I ZvwË¡K wfwË _vK‡Z nq| †m Ávb n‡e
cÖPvi‡hvM¨ I cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ Ges hv AwR©Z, MwVZ I weKwkZ nq| †ckvMZ myk„•Lj Ávb I ZvwË¡K wfwË †ckv`vi
e¨w³‡K Zvi `vwqZ¡ myôz I my›`ifv‡e cvj‡b mÿg K‡i †Zv‡j|
2. we‡kl `ÿZv I ˆbc~Y¨ : †ckv`vi e¨w³i Ávb I †hvM¨Zv‡K ev¯Í‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ we‡kl `ÿZv I ˆbc~Y¨ AR©b
Avek¨K| †ckv`vi e¨w³i ïay Ávb _vK‡jB n‡e bv, Ávb‡K ev¯Í‡e cÖ‡qvM Kivi `ÿZv I ˆbc~Y¨Zv AR©b
Ki‡Z n‡e| †ckv`vi e¨w³i Giƒc `ÿZv AR©b I AwR©Z Ávb‡K cÖ‡qvM Kivi ˆbc~Y¨ GKwU gvbm¤§Z wkÿv
cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Av‡m|
3. †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ I Revew`wnZv : †ckvMZ Ávb‡K †ckvi Dbœqb I mvgvwRK Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv cÖ‡Z¨K
†ckv`vi e¨w³i †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡| †ckvMZ `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_ †ckvMZ Revew`wnZv welqwUI I‡ZvcÖ‡Zvfv‡e
RwoZ| †h †Kv‡bv †ckvi Dbœqb I weKvk h_vh_ †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb I Revew`wnZvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³|
4. †ckvMZ bxwZgvjv I g~j¨‡eva : †ckv wbR¯^ g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv wbf©i n‡q _v‡K| †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I
bxwZgvjv GKwU †ckv‡K Aci †ckv †_‡K Avjv`v I ¯^Zš¿ mË¡v cÖ`vb K‡i| GQvov †ckv`vi e¨w³i †ckvMZ
AvPiY wbqš¿‡Y GB ˆewkó¨ GKvšÍ Avek¨K| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, GKRb wPwKrmK e¨w³MZ myweav
jv‡fi Avkvq †ivMx‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq c¨v_‡jvwRK¨vj cixÿv Kivi civgk© w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| Abyiƒcfv‡e GKRb
AvBbRxex ev`x-weev`x Dfqcÿ †_‡K Avw_©K myweav Av`v‡qi wewbg‡q GKB m‡½ Dfqcÿ‡K AvBbx mnvqZv
w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|
5. †ckvMZ wbqš¿Y I †ckvMZ msMVb : †ckvMZ wbqš¿Y †h †Kv‡bv †ckvi †ckvMZ gh©v`v jv‡fi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kZ©|
G‡ÿ‡Î wewa-weavb I AvB‡bi gva¨‡g †ckvi AšÍf©zw³, †ckvMZ cwiwPwZ, Abyykxjb, wkÿv I cÖwkÿY BZ¨vw`
msiÿY I wbqš¿Y Kiv D‡jøL‡hvM¨| †ckvMZ wbqš¿‡Yi D`vniY n‡”Q mvwU©wd‡KU, jvB‡mÝ Ges †iwR‡÷ªkb|
†ckvMZ msMV‡bi gva¨‡g †ckvi mvgvwRK Dbœqb, ¯^v_© msiÿY Z_v mvwe©K weKvk I wbqš¿Y m¤¢e| †ckvMZ
msMVb †ckvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ I gvb`Ð wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|
6. mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ : ivóª ev mgvRKZ…©K AvbyôvwbK ¯^xK…wZ e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv e„wË †ckvi gh©v`v jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
GB ¯^xK…wZ mvaviYZ mvwU©wd‡KU, jvB‡mÝ A_ev †iwR‡÷ªkb wm‡÷‡gi gva¨‡g cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
7. RbKj¨vYgyLxZv I DcvR©bkxjZv : RbKj¨vY‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K †ckv`vi e¨w³ Av‡qi Drm wn‡m‡e Zvi
AwR©Z Ávb I `ÿZv ev¯Í‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i _v‡K| ZvB RbKj¨vYgyLxZv I DcvR©bkxjZv †ckvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨|
†hgbÑ wPwKrmv, AvBb, wkÿKZv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î Dfq RbKj¨vYgyLxZv I DcvRbkxjZvi w`KwU jÿYxq|
8. HwZnvwmK cUf~wg I ev¯ÍegyLx Ávb : †ckv`vi e¨w³i Ávb Aek¨B ev¯ÍegyLx I cÖ‡qvM Dc‡hvMx| GQvov
cÖ‡Z¨K †ckvi †ckv wn‡m‡e mycÖwZwôZ nIqvi †cQ‡b ch©vqµwgK I avivevwnK cUf~wg we`¨gvb| hvi d‡j
cÖwZwU †ckvi wbR¯^ HwZnvwmK weeZ©‡bi BwZnvm M‡o I‡V|
Dc‡iv³ ˆewkó¨ ev gvb`‡Ði Av‡jv‡K †Kv‡bv e„wË ev RxweKv †ckv wK bv Zv wba©viY Kiv nq| †mRb¨ G¸‡jv‡K
†ckvi gvb`Ð wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|

mvims‡ÿc
†ckv ej‡Z wbw`©ó ˆewkó¨, `ÿZv, ˆbc~Y¨ I gh©v`v m¤úbœ †Kvb e„wˇK †evSvq | Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, †Kvb wel‡q
mywbw`©ó ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK Ávb wba©vwiZ mg‡q AR©b K‡i †m Ávb‡K ev¯Í‡e cÖ‡qvM K‡i RxweKv AR©‡bi Dcvq
n‡”Q †ckv| cÖ‡Z¨K †ckvi wbR¯^ wKQz ˆewkó ev gvb`Ð Av‡Q, hv Zv‡K ¯^Zš¿ gh©v`vq AwawóZ K‡i| †ckvi
ˆewkó¨ I gvb`Ð msµvšÍ mgvRweÁvbx‡`i wewfbœ gZ we‡kølY Ki‡j †ckvi mywbw`©ó ˆewkó¨ cvIqv hvq| myk„•Lj
Ávb I ZvwË¡K wfwË, we‡kl `ÿZv I ˆbc~Y¨ †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ I Revew`wnZv, †ckvMZ bxwZgvjv I g~j¨‡eva,
†ckvMZ wbqš¿Y I †ckvMZ msMVb, mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ Ges HwZnvwmK cUf~wg I ev¯ÍegyLx Ávb n‡”Q †ckvi
mywbw`©ó ˆewkó¨ ev gvb`Ð †h¸‡jvi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z †Kvb e„wË †ckvi gh©v`v AR©b K‡i|

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 39

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ_g cÎ

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.1
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b :
1| †ckv kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K AvMZ?
K) Aviwe L) dviwm
M) D`y© N) evsjv
2| †ckv kãwUi AwfavwbK A_© Kx?
K) KvR L) RxweKv
M) Lv`¨ N) e¨emv

cvV-3.2 †ckv I e„wËi m¤úK© (Relationship between Profession and Occupation)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
3.2.1 †ckv I e„wËi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.2.2 †ckv I e„wËi cv_©K¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.2.1 †ckv I e„wËi m¤úK©
Ô†ckvÕ I Ôe„wËÕ kã `yÕwU G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ Mfxifv‡e m¤úK©hy³| gvbe mf¨Zvi ïiæi w`‡K GB `y‡qi
g‡a¨ ZZUv cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nqwb| ZLb g~jZ RxweKv wbe©v‡ni wbwg‡Ë †h †Kv‡bv KvR‡KB †ckv
wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv| GQvov cÖPwjZ aviYv Abyhvqx Ô†ckvÕ I Ôe„wËÕ GKB A‡_© e¨envi Kiv nq| eZ©gvb
mg‡q we‡kl K‡i DbœZ †`‡k kã `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ my¯úó Kiv m¤¢e n‡jI Avgv‡`i g‡Zv †`‡k me©‡ÿ‡Î c„_K
Kiv `yiƒn welq| Z‡e G K_v Ab¯^xKvh© I mZ¨ †h †Kv‡bv †ckv e„wË bv n‡q †ckvi gh©v`v jvf K‡i bv| Avevi
mKj e„wË †ckvi gh©v`vq DbœxZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB ejv nq, ÒmKj †ckvB e„wË wKš‘ mKj e„wË †ckv bq|Ó †hgbÑ
Wv³vix GKvav‡i e„wË I †ckv wKš‘ wi·vPvjv‡bv ïay GKwU e„wË; KL‡bv †ckv bq| †ckv I e„wËi m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î
ejv hvq, kvwãK A‡_© I we‡kl Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Av‡jv‡K G‡`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _vK‡jI RxweKv wbe©v‡ni
A_©‰bwZK cš’v wn‡m‡e `ywUi g‡a¨ Nwbó m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|
3.2.2 †ckv I e„wËi cv_©K¨
†ckv (profession) ej‡Z †Kv‡bv we‡kl †ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó ˆewkó¨, `ÿZv, ˆbc~Y¨ I myk„•Lj Ávb m¤úbœ e„wˇK
†evSv‡bv nq| cÖwZwU †ckvi †ckvMZ ˆbwZK gvb`Ð I g~j¨‡eva _v‡K †h¸‡jv GK †ckv‡K Ab¨ †ckv n‡Z ¯^Zš¿
cwiP‡q cwiwPZ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, e„wË (occupation) ej‡Z Rxeb wbe©v‡ni mvaviY Dcvq†K wb‡`©k K‡i hvi Rb¨
ZvwË¡K Áv‡bi Avek¨KZv †bB| myZivs †ckv I e„wËi g‡a¨ m¤úK© _vK‡jI G‡`i g‡a¨ my¯úó cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|
†ckvi Rb¨ wbR¯^ mymsMwVZ I cÖvwZôvwbK Ávb GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| †ckvi mvgvwRK Dbœqb I ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨
cÖ‡Z¨K †ckviB †ckvMZ msMVb i‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K e„wËi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl ÁvbvR©‡bi eva¨evaKZv †bB| e„wËi Rb¨
†ckvMZ msMV‡bi Avek¨KZv †bB| †ckvMZ bxwZgvjv I g~j¨‡eva Øviv cÖwZwU †ckv cwiPvwjZ nq| Gme
bxwZgvjv I g~j¨‡eva †ckv`vi e¨w³‡K Zvi †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b `vwqZ¡kxj I `vqe× K‡i †Zv‡j| wKš‘ e„wËi
†ÿ‡Î ˆbwZK gvb`Ð ev g~j¨‡evai Dcw¯’wZ cwijwÿZ n‡jI Zv cwieZ©bkxj Ges e¨w³i B”Qv Awb”Qvi Dci
wbf©ikxj| †ckvi †ÿ‡Î RbKj¨vYgyLxZv I Revew`wnZv Avek¨K| Z‡e e„wËi †ÿ‡Î RbKj¨vY I Revew`wnZv

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 40

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

Abycw¯’Z _vK‡Z cv‡i| †Kbbv Zv e¨w³ wbf©i n‡q _v‡K| †ckvi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ; mvgvwRK
¯^xK…wZ e¨ZxZ Kj¨vYKvgx nIqv m‡Ë¡I †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv e„wË †ckvi gh©v`v bvI †c‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv‡bv †ckv`vi e¨w³ B”Qv Ki‡jB †ckv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Ab¨w`‡K, e„wË mn‡R cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|
†hgbÑ GKRb cÖ‡KŠkjx B”Qv Ki‡jB wPwKrmK n‡Z cvi‡eb bv| wKš‘ GKRb w`bgRyi B”Qv Ki‡j wi·PvjK
n‡Z cvi‡eb| †ckvi m‡½ `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvi welqwU RwoZ n‡jI e„wËi †ÿ‡Î `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvq welqwU ZZUv
gyL¨ welq bq| myZivs GUv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, †ckv I e„wËi g‡a¨ my¯úó cv_©K¨ we`¨gvb| G cÖm‡½ ms‡ÿ‡c ejv
hvq †h, ÒcÖ‡Z¨K †ckvB e„wË, wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K e„wËB †ckv bq|Ó

mvims‡ÿc
mKj †ckvB e„wË, Z‡e mKj e„wËB †ckv bq| e„wË n‡”Q RxweKv wbe©v‡ni mvaviY Dcvq ev cš’v| Ab¨w`‡K †ckv
n‡jv we‡kl Ávb, `ÿZv, ˆbc~Y¨, myk„•Lj Ávb, bxwZgvjv I g~j¨‡eva m¤úbœ e„wË| †hgbÑ wi·Pvjv‡bv‡K e„wË
ejv n‡e Ges Wv³vix‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.2
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b :
1| wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³wU mwVK?
K) mKj †ckvB e„wË wKš‘ mKj e„wË †ckv bq L) mKj †ckv e„wË bq wKš‘ mKj e„wË †ckv
M) mKj e„wËB †ckv wKš‘ mKj †ckv e„wË bq N) mKj e„wËB †ckv I mKj †ckvB e„wË
2| wb‡Pi †KvbwU me©Rb ¯^xK…Z †ckv?
K) wkÿKZv L) e¨emv
M) w`bgRyi N) ivRwg¯¿x
3. wb‡Pi †Kvb KvRwU e„wË?
K) IKvjwZ L) Wv³vwi
M) Aa¨vcbv N) w`bgRywi

cvV-3.3 mgvRKg©© †ckvi ˆewkó¨ I ¸iæZ¡ (Characteristics and Importance of

Social Work Profession)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
3.3.1 mgvRKg©© †ckvi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.3.2 mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.3.1 mgvRKg©© †ckvi ˆewkó¨
mgvRKg©© e¨envwiK mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi GKwU kvLv, hv eûgyLx †ckv wn‡m‡e mycÖwZwôZ I cwiwPZ|
ˆeÁvwbK Ávb, gvbe wn‰Zlx `k©b Ges mvgvwRK m¤úK© welqK Ávb, `ÿZv I g~j¨‡evawfwËK mvnvh¨Kvix †ckv
wn‡m‡e mgvRK‡g©i ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q, hv Ab¨ †ckv †_‡K c„_K mË¡v jvf K‡i‡Q|

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 41

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ_g cÎ

mgvRKg©© ïay GKwU †ckvMZ cÖ‡Póv bq; GwU GKwU weÁvb I Kjv| mgvRKg©© n‡”Q mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi †mB kvLv
hvi wbR¯^ mgwš^Z ÁvbfvÐvi I †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva i‡q‡Q Ges †hLv‡b ZvwË¡K Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk e¨envwiK wkÿviI
my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
gvbyl I Zvi cwi‡ek Ges mvgvwRK f~wgKvi cÖwZ mvgwMÖK `„wófw½ †cvlY mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| mgvRKg©©
Abykxj‡b gvbyl‡K mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki AvIZvq we‡ePbv Kiv nq| gvbyl I Zvi mgm¨v‡K GKKfv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
nq bv| A_©vr “Total person in the total enviroment” Giƒc `„wófw½i Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq|
mgvRKg©© mgv‡Ri myweavewÂZ I mgm¨vMÖ¯Í gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y GKwU eûgyLx `„wófw½m¤úbœ gvbweK (humanitarian)
Ges Empowering †ckv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| e¨w³i mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb ÿgZvi cybiæ×vi, msiÿY I Dbœqb Ges
myß cÖwZfvi weKvk mvab K‡i mgv‡Ri mvwe©K Kj¨vY Avbq‡b mgvRKg©© cÖqvm Pvjvq|
mgvRKg©© mvgvwRK DbœwZ (social betterment) Avbq‡b cÖwZkÖæwZe×| e¨w³, `j I mgwói mgm¨v mgvav‡b
caring, curing Ges changing n‡”Q mgvRKg©© †ckvi wZbwU we‡kl w`K| mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva, Ávb I
`ÿZvwfwËK †ckvMZ Kg©KvÐ, hv mvgvwRK n¯Í‡ÿc, mvgvwRK Dc‡hvRb, mvgvwRK D™¢veb Ges cwiKwíZ
mvgvwRK cwieZ©b †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g mvnvh¨v_x©‡K mgm¨v mgvav‡b mÿg K‡i †Zv‡j|
mgvRKg© Abykxj‡b cwieZ©b cÖwZwbwa e¨e¯’v (change agent system), mvnvh¨v_©x e¨e¯’v (client system), jÿ¨
e¨e¯’v (target system) Ges Kvh©µg e¨e¯’v (action system) †ckvwU‡K ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨gwÐZ K‡i‡Q| mgvRKg©©
GKwU myk„sLj ˆeÁvwbK c×wZwfwËK †ckv hvi c×wZ g~jZ `yB ai‡bi| h_vÑ †gŠwjK mgvRKg©© c×wZ Ges
mnvqK mgvRKg©© c×wZ| e¨w³ mgvRKg©©, `j mgvRKg©© Ges mgwó msMVb n‡”Q mgvRK‡g©i †gŠwjK c×wZ|
Ab¨w`‡K, mgvRKg©© cÖkvmb, mvgvwRK Kvh©µg I mgvRKg©© M‡elYv n‡”Q mgvRK‡g©©i mnvqK c×wZ|
mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ cÖm‡½ Charles Zastraw Zuvi "Introduction to Social Work and Social
Welfare” MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, “Social work is distinct from other professions (such as- Psychology and
Psychiatry) by virtue of the reponsibility and mandate to provide social service|Ó
mgvRK‡g©i †mev`vb Kvh©µ‡g †ckv`vi mgvRKg©x©i cvkvcvwk mvnh¨v_x©I mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvq mwµq, eûgyLx I
MwZkxj (dynamic) f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î mgvRKg©x© mÿgKvix, ms‡hvMKvix, mgš^qKvix, ga¨¯’vKvix,
civgk© cÖ`vbKvix, cwieZ©bKvixmn AbyN‡Ui f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| mgvRKg©x cwieZ©b cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e
mvnvh¨v_x©i g‡a¨ Kvw•LZ I evwÃZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡b K‡i h_vh_ mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvj‡b Zv‡K mÿg K‡i †Zv‡j|
mvnvh¨v_x©i mv‡_ †ckvMZ m¤úK© (rapport) ¯’vcb mgvRKg©© †ckvi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| Ab¨vb¨ †ckvq mvnvh¨v_x©i
mv‡_ †ckvRxexi mywbw`©ó †ckvMZ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †bB ej‡jB P‡j| mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b mvnvh¨v_x©i
cÖK…Z mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i mgm¨v mgvav‡b †ckvMZ m¤úK© ¯’vcb AZ¨vekK I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| GQvov mvnvh¨v_x©i
mv‡_ mgvRKg©x©i GB †ckvMZ m¤úK© ¯’vcb, mgm¨v Abya¨vb, mgm¨v wbY©q, mgm¨v mgvavb, AbymiY I g~j¨vqb
mKj ¯Í‡i AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y|©
mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva wbi‡ÿc bq eis g~j¨‡eva wb‡`©wkZ (value guided) †ckv| mgvRK‡g©i wbR¯^ †ckvMZ
g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q| e¨w³i AšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨ I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ, AvZ¥wbqš¿Y AwaKvi, mK‡ji mgvb my‡hvM,
AvZ¥cwic~Y©Zvi my‡hvM, mgv‡Ri cÖwZ e¨w³i KZ©e¨, e¨w³i cÖwZ mgv‡Ri KZe©¨, ch©vß my‡hvM, AvZ¥wbf©iZv,
m¤ú‡`i m‡evËg e¨envi I Rxeb msµvšÍ mvwe©K `„wóf½x n‡”Q mgvRK‡g©i wbR¯^ g~j¨‡eva|
mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b ˆkwíK `ÿZv cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| mgvRKg©xi mngwg©Zv, AvZ¥wehy³ fvjevmv, DòZv,
AvšÍwiKZv, m„RbkxjZv, Kíbvkw³, wePvi‡eva I e¨w³MZ fw½gv n‡”Q ˆkwíK `ÿZv| eZ©gv‡b mgvRK‡g©i †ÿÎ
weKvk I cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q| cwievi I wkï‡mev, ¯^v¯’¨ I cybe©vmb, gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨, wK‡kvi Aciva I Aciva
ms‡kvab, cÖexYKj¨vY, Avembmn bvbv †ÿ‡Î mgvRKg©© Abykxjb n‡”Q| GQvov gvbweK mgm¨vi mv‡_ mswkøó
mgvRK‡g©i wKQz kvLv †hgbÑ wPwKrmv mgvRKg©©, wK¬wbK¨vj mgvRKg©©, mvBwKqvwUªK mgvRKg©©, we`¨vjq mgvRKg©©,
wkí mgvRKg©© wgwjUvix mgvRKg©© I cÖexYKj¨vY, hv †ckvwUi ˆewPΨgq cwiwa †Zv‡j a‡i|

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 42

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

wek¦e¨vcx mgvRKg©© †ckvi weKvk, Dbœqb I m¤cÖmvi‡Y RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZK ch©v‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi †ckvMZ msMVb
mwµq i‡q‡Q| mgvRKg©x©‡`i †ckvMZ ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Y Gme msMVbmg~n Kvh©Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| Gme
msMV‡bi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q BÈvib¨vkbvj †dWv‡ikb Ae †mvk¨vj IqviKvm©, b¨vkbvj G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae
†mvk¨vj IqviKvm©, wK¬wbK¨vj †mvk¨vj IqvK© G‡mvwm‡qkb, †mvmvBwU di †mvk¨vj IqvK© G¨vÐ wimvP©, G‡mvwm‡qkb
Ae d¨v‡gjx †Km IqvKvm©, G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae mvBwKqvwUªK †mvk¨vj IqvKvm©, BÈvib¨vkbvj †dWv‡ikb Ae
†mvk¨vj IqviKvm©, BÈvib¨vkbvj G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae ¯‹yjm Ae †mvk¨vj IqvK© Ges Gwkqv †cwmwdK G‡mvwm‡qkb
Ae †mvk¨vj IqvK©| evsjv‡`k KvDwÝj di †mvk¨vj IqvK© GWy‡Kkb bv‡g GKwU †ckv`vi msMVb evsjv‡`‡k
mgvRKg© †ckvi gv‡bvbœq‡b Kvh©Ki i‡q‡Q|

3.3.2 mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¸iæZ¡

eZ©gv‡b wek¦e¨vcx mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ Abykxjb Zvrch©c~Y©| mgvRKg©© †ckvi Dbœqb I weKv‡k KvDwÝj Ab
†mvk¨vj IqvK© GWz‡Kkb, b¨vkbvj G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae †mvk¨vj IqviKvm©, BÈvib¨vkbvj G‡mvwm‡qkb Ae ¯‹zjm Ae
†mvk¨vj IqvK© Ges Gwkqv c¨vwmwdK G‡mvwm‡qkb di †mvk¨vj IqvK© GWz‡Kk‡bi g‡Zv msMVbmg~n ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|
wek¦vq‡bi GB hy‡M wkímgv‡Ri ci¯úi RwUj I eûgyLx mgm¨vi cwiKwíZ mgvav‡b mgvRKg©© †ckvi DˇivËi
cÖmvi NU‡Q| eZ©gv‡b mgvRKg©© wek¦e¨vcx GKwU me©Rbxb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †ckv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| mgvRKg©© mgv‡Ri
Ae‡nwjZ, AmyweavMÖ¯Í, ewÂZ, †kvwlZ I cðvrc` Rb‡Mvôxi evwÃZ cwieZ©b Ges ¯^v_© msiÿY Z_v Rxebgvb
Dbœq‡b ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ wbf©i cÖqvm Pvjvq| e¨w³i g~j¨gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q cÖvß m¤ú‡`i h_vh_ e¨envi K‡i
mgm¨v mgvav‡b mÿg K‡i †Zvjvi cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¸iæZ¡ w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q|
cðvrc` Rb‡Mvôxi gvbewaKvi msiÿY I Dbœqb Ges ÿgZvq‡b mgvRKg©x©iv AMÖ`~Z wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|
bvixKj¨vY, wkïKj¨vY, hyeKj¨vY, cÖexbKj¨vY, kªgKj¨vY, cÖwZeÜxKj¨vYmn mKj †ÿ‡ÎB mgvRKg©© †ckvi mdj
cÖ‡qvM jÿYxq| AvaywbK mgv‡R mgvRKg©© GKwU Acwinvh© Kj¨vYagx© †ckv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ| myZivs ejv hvq †h,
eZ©gvb mgv‡Ri eûgyLx RwUj mgm¨vi mgvavb I wewfbœ gvby‡li Kj¨vY mva‡b mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©|
mvims‡ÿc
mgvRKg©© eûgyLx `„wófw½m¤úbœ GKwU gvbweK I G¨v¤úvDqvwis †ckv, hv gvby‡li mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb ÿgZv
cybiæ×vi, msiÿY I Dbœq‡b cÖvß m¤ú‡`i mبenvi K‡i| mgvRKg©© GKvav‡i GKwU weÁvb I Kjv wn‡m‡e
caring, curing Ges changing GB wÎgyLx j‡ÿ¨ Gi Ávb, g~j¨‡eva I `ÿZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i| mgvRKg©x©
cwiKwíZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ AbyNU‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| mvgvwRK DbœwZ (social betterment)
Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ †gŠwjK c×wZ wn‡m‡e e¨w³ mgvRKg©©, `j mgvRKg©© I mgwó msMVb I mgwó Dbœqb Ges
mnvqK c×wZ wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©© M‡elYv, mvgvwRK Kvh©µg I mgvRKj¨vY cÖkvmb cÖ‡qvM K‡i _v‡K| mgvRKg©©
†KŠk‡ji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mvgvwRK n¯Í‡ÿc, mvgvwRK Dc‡hvRb, mvgvwRK D™¢veb I cwiKwíZ mvgvwRK cwieZ©b,
hv mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨| ZvB e¨w³, `j I mgwói mgm¨v mgvav‡b ˆeÁvwbK c×wZwfwËK cÖ‡Póv
wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©© wkÿvi ¸iZ¡ e„w× cv‡”Q| eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK we‡k¦i RwUj g‡bv-mvgvwRK I Av_©-mvgvwRK
mgm¨v mgvav‡bi GKwU Ávb, c×wZ I `ÿZvwfwËK cÖqvm wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch© Ab¯^xKvh©|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.3
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b :
1| mgvRKg©© †ckvi ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU?
K) mvgvwRK n¯Í‡ÿc L) mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb
M) wbw`©ó Ávb N) wbw`©ó `ÿZv

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evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ_g cÎ

cvV-3.4 g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv I aib (Conccpt and Types of Values)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
3.4.1 g~j¨‡eva aviYvwU m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.4.2 g~j¨‡ev‡ai ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.4.3 g~j¨‡ev‡ai aib eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |

3.4.1 g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv

g~j¨‡eva GKwU Av‡cwÿK I weg~©Z aviYv, hvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li mvgvwRK AvPvi-AvPvi‡Yi fv‡jv-g›`
wePvi Kiv nq| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, g~j¨‡eva n‡jv mgvRKvVv‡gvi Acwinvh© Dcv`vb, hv gvby‡li e¨w³MZ I
mgwóMZ AvPvi-AvPviY‡K c‡ivÿfv‡e wbqš¿Y K‡i|
mgvRKg©© Awfav‡bi (1995) msÁvbyhvqx Òg~j¨‡eva n‡jv †mme cÖ_v, AvPi‡Yi gvb`Ð Ges bxwZgvjv †h¸‡jv
†Kv‡bv GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK †Mvôx, `j A_ev e¨w³ cÖZ¨vwkZ e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i|Ó (Values are the customs,
standards of conduct and principles considered desirable by a culture, a group of people or
individuals.)
Avigv‡Ðv wU. g‡ijm I we. WweøD. wkdvi (1986) g~j¨‡eva m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, Òg~j¨‡eva Kg©Kv‡Ði mywb©w`ó †Kv‡bv
jÿ¨ bq eis jÿ¨ wbY©‡qi gvb`Ð|Ó (Values are not the concret goals of action, but rather the
‘criteria’ by which goals are chosen.)
mgvRweÁvbx Avi. Gg. DBwjqvg (R. M. William) Gi g‡Z Òg~j¨‡eva gvby‡li B”Qvi GKwU cÖavb gvb`Ð hvi
Av`‡k© gvby‡li AvPvi-e¨envi I ixwZ-bxwZ cwiPvwjZ Ges hvi gvb`‡Ð mgvR¯’ gvby‡li Kvh©vejxi fvjg›` wePvi
Kiv nq|Ó
myZivs ejv hvq, g~j¨‡eva n‡jv gvby‡li wek¦vm‡eva I AvPi‡Yi gvb`Ð I hvi Av`‡k© gvby‡li AvPvi AvPiY
wbqwš¿Z, cwiPvwjZ I fvj-g›` wePvi Kiv nq| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, b¨vqcivqbZv, mvg¨, ¯^vaxbZv BZ¨vw`
n‡”Q g~j¨‡eva; Ges kª‡gi gh©v`v, mn‡hvwMZv, mnbkxjZv, kª×v‡eva, mvgvwRK mvg¨, AvB‡bi kvmb BZ¨vw` n‡”Q
g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwË|
3.4.2 g~j¨‡ev‡ai ˆewkó¨
g~j¨‡eva mgvR¯’ cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡Yi wb‡`©kbv w`‡q _v‡K| g~j¨‡eva GK ai‡bi wek¦vm, hv e¨w³ Z_v
gvby‡li mvwe©K wek¦vm e¨e¯’vi (total belief system) †K‡›`ª Ae¯’vb K‡i e¨w³i KiYxq A_ev gh©v`v AR©b
m¤ú‡K© wek¦vm‡ev‡ai Rb¥ †`q| wewfbœ msÁv n‡Z g~j¨‡ev‡ai †h ˆewkó¨ wPwýZ Kiv hvq Zv n‡jv :
1. g~j¨‡eva n‡”Q gvby‡li wek¦vm I Av`‡k©i mgwó;
2. g~j¨‡eva gvby‡li AvPiY wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv K‡i;
3. g~j¨‡eva GKwU AwjwLZ mvgvwRK weavb;
4. g~j¨‡eva gvby‡li AvPi‡Yi fvj-g›` wePvi K‡i;
5. g~j¨‡eva GKwU weg~Z©, AwjwLZ I Av‡cwÿK cÖZ¨q;
6. g~j¨‡ev‡ai †Kv‡bv me©Rbxb iƒc †bBÑ mgvR I mgq‡f‡` cwieZ©bkxj|
3.4.3 g~j¨‡ev‡ai aib
gvbyl mvgvwRK Rxe wn‡m‡e mgv‡R wewfbœ ai‡bi g~j¨‡eva‡K Avkªq K‡i Rxeb hvcb K‡i| mgvRRxe‡b gvbyl Pvi
ai‡bi g~j¨‡ev‡ai gy‡LvgyLx nq| h_vÑ mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva, agx©q g~j¨‡eva, e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡eva I †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva|

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 44

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

1. mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva : mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva mgv‡Ri Ab¨Zg wfwË, hv gvby‡li mvgvwRK m¤úK© Ges AvPvi-AvPiY
wbqš¿Y K‡i| mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvq, mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva n‡jv †mme bxwZgvjv, wek¦vm, `k©b, a¨vb-aviYv I msKí,
hv gvby‡li mvgvwRK m¤úK© I AvPvi-AvPiY‡K c‡ivÿfv‡e wbqš¿Y K‡i| mgvRweÁvbx d«vwÝm B. g¨vwij
(Francises E. Meril) Zuvi "Analysing Social Problems” MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, ÒmvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva n‡jv gvby‡li
`jxq Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ AvPiY msiÿY Kiv, hv gvbyl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i|Ó mgvRKg©© Awfav‡bi (1995)
e¨vL¨vbyhvqx, ÒmvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva n‡jv †mme cÖ_v, AvPiYMZ gvb Ges bxwZgvjv †h¸‡jv e¨w³ ev †Kv‡bv GKwU `j
ev ms¯‹…wZ‡Z evÃbxq e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|Ó (Social value is the customs, standards of conduct and
principles considered desirable by a culture, a group of people or an individual.) mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva
e¨w³ I mgv‡Ri Awfbœ AvKv•Lvi Awfe¨w³| Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri g~j‡ev‡ai mv‡_ †hgb †mŠw` Avi‡ei g~j¨‡ev‡ai
wgj cvIqv hv‡e bv, †Zgwb K‡i cÖv‡P¨i mv‡_ cvðv‡Z¨i mgv‡Ri mvgvwRK g~j¨‡ev‡ai cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ n‡e|
D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡R Kv‡iv mv‡_ Kzkj wewbg‡q mvjvg, bg¯‹vi A_ev Av`ve †`qv
nq| Ab¨w`‡K gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mgv‡R good morning, good afternoon A_ev good evening ejv n‡q
_v‡K| A_©vr GKwU mgv‡Ri g~j¨‡evaMZ ixwZ Av‡iKwU mgvR n‡Z Avjv`v Kiv hvq| mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva MV‡b
wewfbœ Dcv`vb †hgbÑ †fŠMwjK cwi‡ek, Rjevqy, ¯’vbxq K…wó, agx©q wek¦vm, hy×, mgm¨v, Pvwn`v I m¤ú` cÖfve
we¯Ívi K‡i|
2. agx©q g~j¨‡eva : mvaviYfv‡e agx©q Abykvmb Ges wb‡`©kbvi wfwˇZ M‡o IVv mvgwMÖK wek¦vm, `„wófw½, ixwZ-
bxwZ, Av`k,© `k©b, AvPvi-AvPiY, gZvgZ BZ¨vw`i mgwó n‡jv agx©q g~j¨‡eva| g~j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e wµqvkxj agx©q
bxwZ, wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv mKj a‡g©B cÖvq Awfbœ cÖK…wZi| gvbexq gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ, mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡, kª‡gi gh©v`v, Av‡Z©i
†mev, åvZ…Z¡‡eva BZ¨vw` agx©q g~j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z|
3. e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡eva : e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡eva n‡”Q e¨w³i AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿‡Y wbR¯^ wKQz g~j¨‡eva, hv e¨w³i
wek¦vm‡eva, iæwP‡eva, a¨vb-aviYv I bxwZ‡eva †_‡K m„wó nq| e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai Av‡jv‡K e¨w³ Zvi Rxebhvc‡b
Af¨¯Í n‡q _v‡K| †hgbÑ Avjg mv‡ne wf¶zK‡K wfÿv `vb K‡ib wKš‘ Kvjvg mv‡ne wf¶z‡K ¶z`ª c~uwR w`‡q
mvnvh¨ K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î `yR‡biB g~j¨‡eva `y¯’-Mixe I Amnvq‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv| Z‡e `yÕRb wfbœfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡ib|
4. †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva : †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva cÖwZwU †ckvi ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨| †ckvi D‡Ïk¨ I †ckvMZ cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½
mvgÄm¨c~Y© †h g~j¨‡eva †ckvMZ Kvh©µg‡K ¯^wµqfv‡e wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv n‡”Q †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva| †ckvMZ
g~j¨‡eva GK †ckv‡K Ab¨ †ckv †_‡K c„_K mË¡v `vb K‡i| †hgbÑ Ô†MvcbxqZv eRvq ivLvÕ mgvRKg©© †ckvi
GKwU g~j¨‡eva|

mvims‡ÿc
g~j¨‡eva GKwU Av‡cwÿK I weg~Z© aviYv, hv gvby‡li AvPi‡Yi fvj-g›` wePv‡ii gvb`Ð wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| GwU
GKwU AwjwLZ mvgvwRK weavb| g~j¨‡eva‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_vÑ mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva, agx©q g~j¨‡eva,
e¨w³MZ g~j¨‡eva I †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.4
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b :
1| g~j¨‡eva k‡ãi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã †KvbwU?
K) Price L) Values
M) Value N) Abstract

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 45

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ_g cÎ

cvV-3.5 mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv (Concept of Social Work Values)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
3.5 mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.5 mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv
mgvRKg©© GKwU ˆeÁvwbK Ávb I c×wZwbf©i mvnvh¨Kvix †ckv (helping profession), hv mvnvh¨v_©xi
mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb ÿgZv mg„w×, msiÿY I cybiæ×v‡i cÖvß e¯‘MZ I Ae¯‘MZ m¤ú‡`i mبenvi K‡i _v‡K|
Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi b¨vq mgvRK‡g©iI KwZcq †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva i‡q‡Q, hv mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva bv‡g cwiwPZ| mgvRKg©©
Abykxj‡b †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b mgvRKg©©xi Ávb I ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi
wfwˇZ ¯’vb-Kvj-cvÎ wbi‡cÿ wKQz g~j¨‡eva M‡o D‡V‡Q, hv †ckvMZ AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿Y K‡i| mvaviYZ †hme
Av`k©, wek¦vm, aviYv, †gŠwjK bxwZgvjv I ¯^xKvh© m‡Z¨i Dci †ckv`vi mgvRK‡g©i mvgwMÖK mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqv
cwiPvwjZ Ges wbqwš¿Z nq †m¸‡jvi mgwóB n‡jv mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva| mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva m¤ú‡K© RywW_ †m‡fb I
Ab¨vb¨iv Zuv‡`i “Social Work Skill : Demonstrated Begining Direct Practice” MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, ÒmgvRKg©©
GKwU Abykxjbag©x †ckv, hv wKQz †gŠwjK g~j¨‡eva †hgbÑ AvZ¥wbqš¿Y, ÿgZvqb, †MvcYxqZv Ges mKj gvby‡li
g~j¨ I gh©v`vi wek¦v‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ|Ó mgvRweÁvbx Pvjm© G. †jfx (Charles S. Levy) Zuvi “The Value
Base of Social Work” MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, ÒRbM‡Yi cQ›`, djvdj, Zv‡`i AwaKZi cQ‡›`i aviYv I RbM‡Yi mv‡_
KvR Kivi ixwZMZ mgwó n‡jv mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva|Ó
mgvRKg©© GKwU gvbeKj¨vYgyLx †ckvMZ Kg©KvÐ| mgvRKg©© Abykxjb I mgvRKg©©xi Kv‡Ri cwiwa wbqš¿Y,
wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb I †ckvMZ Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbvq mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| m‡ev©cwi ejv hvq, †hme Av`k©,
wek¦vm, aviYv, bxwZgvjv I ¯^xKvh© m‡Z¨i Dci †ckv`vi mgvRK‡g©i mvgwMÖK mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqv cwiPvwjZ I
wbqwš¿Z nq, †m¸‡jvi mgwóB n‡jv mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva| †hgbÑ e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ, e¨w³i AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y
AwaKvi, mK‡ji mgvb my‡hvM `vb, m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi BZ¨vw`|
mvims‡ÿc
mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b mgvRKg©©xi AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿‡Y I †ckvMZ Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbvq †hme Av`k©, wek¦vm,
aviYv, bxwZgvjv AbymiY Kiv nq †m¸‡jvi mgwóB n‡”Q mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva| †hgbÑ e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi
¯^xK…wZ, AvZ¥-wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi, m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi BZ¨vw`|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.5
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b :
1| mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva n‡”QÑ
K) mgvRKg©©xi AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbvi wfwË
L) mvnvh¨v_©xi AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbvi wfwË
M) mgvRKg©©x I mvnvh¨v_©xi AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿‡Yi wfwË
N) mgvRKg©©x I mvnvh¨v_©xi AvPvi-AvPiY cwiPvbjbvi wfwË
2| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgvRK‡g©i g~j¨‡eva?
K) mgvb †mev`vb L) m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi
M) AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿Y N) AvPvi-AvPiY cwiPvjbv

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evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-3.6 mgvRKg©© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv Ges ¸iæZ¡ (Values and Ethical
Standards of Social Work Profession and Importance)
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
3.6.1 mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvk m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.6.2 mgvRKg©© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.6.3 mgvRKg© Abykxj‡b mgvRKg©© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjvi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.6.1 mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai weKvk
Ebwesk kZvãxi †k‡li w`‡K mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ weKvk ïiæ n‡jI 1921 mv‡j †ckvi ˆbwZK
wewagvjv I g~j¨‡eva cÖYq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î mgvRKg©© †ckvi Ab¨Zg AMÖ`~Z g¨vix B. wiPg‡Ûi
(Mary E. Richmond) f~wgKv AMÖMY¨| mgvRK‡g©i ˆbwZK wewagvjv ev g~j¨‡eva cÖYq‡bi cÖviw¤¢K cÖqvm ïiæ nq
1923 mv‡j e¨w³ mgvRKg©©x‡`i Rb¨ GKwU bxwZgvjv cÖ¯Ív‡ei g‡a¨ w`‡q| Avi GB bxwZgvjvi iƒcKvi wQ‡jb
g¨vix B. wiPgÛ| cieZ©x‡Z 1960 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvi RvZxq mgvRKg©©x mwgwZ mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK wewagvjv cÖYqb
K‡i| Gici e„‡Ub, KvbvWv, Rvg©vbx, A‡÷ªwjqvq wbR †`‡ki Abykxj‡bi †cÿvc‡U mgvRK‡g©i g~j¨‡eva cÖYqb
Kiv nq| Z‡e evsjv‡`kmn fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Av‡gwiKvi RvZxq mgvRKg©©x mwgwZ KZ…©K cÖYxZ wewagvjv
AbymiY Kiv nq| mg‡qi Ave‡Z© wewfbœ mg‡q mgvRK‡g©i ˆbwZK wewagvjvq wewfbœ cwieZ©b I ms¯‹vi mvab Kiv
n‡q‡Q| me©cÖ_g ms‡kvab Kiv nq 1979 mv‡j| Gici 1983, 1990 Ges me©‡kl 1996 mv‡j wKQz cwieZ©b I
cwigvR©b Kiv nq|
3.6.2 mgvRKg©© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv
cÖwZwU †ckvi b¨vq mgvRKg©© †ckviI ¯^Zš¿ I mywbw`©ó KwZcq †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva i‡q‡Q, hv †mev`vb cÖwµqvi
nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Av‡gwiKvi RvZxq mgvRKg©©x mwgwZ (NASW) mgvRKg©© †ckvi wb‡¤œv³ g~j¨‡evamg~n
D‡jøL K‡i‡Q :
1. e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`v (Worth and dignty of individual);
2. gvby‡li cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b (Respect to people);
3. cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³i mvg‡_©i g~j¨vqb (Valuing individual’s capacity for change);
4. †mevMÖnYKvixi AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y AwaKvi (Client self-determination);
5. †MvcbxqZv (Confidentiality and privacy);
6. e¨w³ gvbyl‡K Zv‡`i cÖwZfv Dcjwäi my‡hvM cÖ`vb (Providing individuals with opportunity to realize
their potential);
7. gvby‡li mvaviY †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi cÖ‡Póv (Seeking to meet individuals common human needs);
8. mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Ges mvgvwRK b¨vq-wePv‡ii A½xKvi (Commitment to social change and social
justice);
9. †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y ch©vß m¤ú` I †mev cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡Póv (Seeking to provide individuals with
adequate services and services to meet their basic needs);
10. mvnvh¨v_©x‡`i ÿgZvqb (Empowerment of client/empowering client);
11. mgvb my‡hvM-myweav cÖ`vb (Equal opportunity);
12. ˆelg¨ bv Kiv (Non-discrimination);
13. gvbe ˆewP‡Î¨i cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b (Respect to human diversity);
14. A‡b¨i wbKU †ckvMZ Ávb I `ÿZv cÖPv‡ii mw`”Qv (Willingness to transmit professional knowledge
and skills to others);
Anmando T. Morales Ges Bradford W. Sheafor (1986) Zuv‡`i, “Social Work : A Profession of
Many Faces” MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡ib, “Social work orginates froms humanitarian ideals and democratic

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 47

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ_g cÎ

philosophy and has universal application to meet human needs arising from personal-societal
interactions and to develop human potential|Ó Zuviv mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ g~j¨‡evamg~n‡K wZbwU avivq
wef³ K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb h_vÑ K) gvby‡li AMÖvwaKvi cÖvß aviYv wn‡m‡e g~j¨‡eva (values as preferred
conceptions of people); L) gvby‡li AMÖvwaKvi cÖvß djvdj wn‡m‡e g~j¨‡eva (values as preferred
outcomes for people); Ges M) gvby‡li mv‡_ AvPi‡Yi AMÖvwaKvicÖvß cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e g~j¨‡eva (values as
preferred instrumentalities for dealing with people)| wb‡¤œ mgvRKg©© †ckvi cÖavb g~j¨‡evamg~n Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡jv :
1| e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ (Recognition of inherent worth and dignity of individuals) :
mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK g~j¨‡eva n‡”Q cÖwZwU gvby‡li mvgvwRK g~j¨, mvgvwRK mswkøóZv I mvgvwRK gh©v`vi
¯^xK…wZ †`qv| mgvRKg©©xiv cÖwZwU gvby‡li AšÍwb©wnZ myß cÖwZfv I gh©v`vq wek¦vmx| †Kbbv e¨w³i AšÍwb©wnZ g~j¨ I
gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡j e¨w³i g‡a¨ AvZ¥-wek¦v‡mi m„wó nq Ges MVbg~jK I BwZevPK Kg©Kv‡Ð mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY
K‡i| mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvq mvnvh¨v_©xi mwµq AskMÖnY Avek¨K| ZvB mgvRKg©©x cÖwZwU e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi
cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj|
2| AvZ¥wbqš¿Y AwaKvi (Rigth to self-determination) : e¨w³i mgm¨v I Zvi MfxiZv m¤ú‡K© e¨w³ wb‡RB
†ewk Abyfe Ki‡Z mÿg| mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b e¨w³i mgm¨vi myôz I wbgqZvwš¿K mgvavb Z¡ivwš^Z Kivi j‡ÿ¨
AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y AwaKvi‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`qv nq| †ckvMZ m¤úK© (rapport) ¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î bxwZwUi ¸iæZ¡ AZ¨vwaK|
AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y AwaKvi n‡”Q e¨w³i ¯^vaxb B”Qv I AvKvs•Lvi wfwˇZ wbR mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv
cwiKíbv, hv e¨w³i g‡a¨ _v‡K| G bxwZi gva¨‡g e¨w³i myß ÿgZv I cÖwZfvi weKvk N‡U| hvi AvIZvq a‡i
†bqv nq †h, Client is able to make approriate decisions in relation to rely on others| Z‡e mgvRKg©©x
Zvi Ae¯’vbMZ gh©v`v I ÿgZvi †cÖwÿ‡Z mvnvh¨v_©x‡K †Kv‡bv KvR MÖnY I eR©‡b cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †Kbbv
mvnvh¨v_©x KL‡bv Av‡eM ZvwoZ n‡q Ggb wKQz wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡ib hv wb‡Ri I mgv‡Ri Rb¨ ÿwZKi e‡j
we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i|
3| mK‡ji mgvb my‡hvM (Equal opportunity to all) : RvwZ-ag© eY©-eqm-¯Íi wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨ mgvb
my‡hvM m„wó Kiv mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg cÖavb g~j¨‡eva| hw` mK‡ji mgvb my‡hv‡Mi wbðqZv mvab m¤¢e nq; e¨w³
Zvi mvg_©¨, `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx wb‡Ri, cwiev‡ii I mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡b mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GQvov e¨w³i g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨‡eva RvMÖZ nq| mgvRK‡g© mgwš^Z I mg‡eZ cÖ‡Póvq gvby‡li g‡a¨ ¯^vQ›`¨ I
mg„w×i j‡ÿ¨ GB g~j¨‡evawU AbymiY Kiv nq|
4| ¯^wbf©iZv AR©b (Self-reliance) : mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K ¯^wbf©i n‡Z DØy× Kiv mgv‡Ri Ab¨Zg g~j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ| ¯^wbf©i ej‡Z g~jZ AvZ¥wbf©kxj nIqvi cÖ‡Póv‡K eySv‡bv nq| e¨w³i `ÿZv, †hvM¨Zv, ÿgZv, myß
cÖwZfv Ges e¯‘MZ I Ae¯‘MZ m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g AvZ¥wbf©iZv AR©b cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, ¯^wbf©i
e¨w³ wb‡Ri m„RbkxjZv I Dbœqb‡K DËiv‡Ëvi mg„wׇZ iƒcšÍwiZ K‡i Zzj‡Z mÿg| mgvRKg©© GKwU djcÖm~ I
†UKmB mgm¨v mgvavb cÖqvmx †ckv hv mgm¨vi ¯’vqx mgvav‡b ¯^wbf©iZv AR©b bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| †hgbÑ
wfÿzK‡K wfÿv bv w`‡q cÖwkÿY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ K‡i ¯^wbf©i Kiv|
5| m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi (Proper utilization of resources) : mgvRKg©© GKwU MwZkxj †ckv wn‡m‡e
gvbyl‡K ¯^wbf©iZv AR©‡b mÿg Kivi gva¨‡g mgm¨vi ¯’vqx I djcÖm~ mgvav‡b cÖqvmx| G j‡ÿ¨ mvnvh¨v_©x‡K Zvi
e¯‘MZ m¤ú` I Ae¯‘MZ m¤ú` Z_v AšÍwb©wnZ mvg‡_©¨i h‡_vchy³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g mgm¨v mgvav‡b mÿg K‡i
†Zv‡j|
6| †MvcbxqZv (Confidentiality) : mvnvh¨v_©xi cÖ`Ë Z_¨ I ZrciZv †Mvcb ivLv mgvRKg©©xi Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡|
mgvRKg©©x‡K mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvq mvnvh¨v_©xi A‡bK ms‡e`bkxj Z_¨ wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z nq; hv GKvšÍ e¨w³MZ
I †Mvcbxq| A‡bK mgq hv cÖKvk †c‡j mvnvh¨v_©xi Rb¨ weeªZKi I ÿwZKi n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î mgvRKg©©x‡K
†Mvcbxq Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki e¨vcv‡i mZK© I `vwqZ¡kxj n‡Z n‡e| hw`I mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b m¤ú~Y© †MvcbxqZv weij;
†ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î †mev`vb Kvh©Kªg ÕAv‡cwÿK †MvcbxqZv mswkøóÕ n‡q _v‡K hv mvnvh¨v_©xi AvZ¥gh©v`v I ¯^v_©
msiÿ‡Y mnvqK|
7| mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡eva (Social responsiblity) : mvgvwRK Rxe wn‡m‡e cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡K Zvi f~wgKv mswkøó
mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| g~jZ e¨w³ wb‡Ri I mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †h f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Zvi mgwóB

BDwbU wZb c„ôv 48

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n‡”Q mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡eva| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, gvby‡li bxwZ‡eva, we‡eK, eyw× Ges gnvbyfeZv †_‡K †hme
`vwqZ¡‡eva Rb¥ †bq ZvB n‡”Q mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡eva| †hgbÑ mgm¨vMÖ¯Í cÖwZ‡ekx‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv| mvnvh¨v_©xi
mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvjb ÿgZvi Dbœqb mvgvwRK mym¤ú‡K©i m„wó, A‡b¨i AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ges mgm¨v
mgvav‡b cÖwµqvi ¯^wµq AskMÖnY mywbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡eva mgvRK‡g©i g~j¨‡eva wn‡m‡e
¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
8| mvgwMÖK `„wófw½ (Holistic approach) : mgvRKg©© A¯’vqx ev wewQbœfv‡e †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi mgvavb bv K‡i ¯’vqx
mgvav‡b cÖqvm Pvjvq| ZvB e¨w³, `j I mgwói mgm¨v mgvav‡b mvgwMÖK Rxebaviv‡K we‡ePbvq Av‡b| †hgbÑ
`wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi `vwi`ª¨ mgm¨v wbim‡b gvÎ ÿz`ªFY cÖ`vb Ki‡j n‡e bv| Zv‡`i‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi
gva¨‡g m‡PZb I ¯^wbf©i wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î mvgwMÖK `„wófw½ †_‡K mgm¨vi mgvavb w`‡Z n‡e
Zvn‡j Zv ¯’vqx n‡e|
Dc‡iv³ g~j¨‡evamg~n mgvRKg©© †ckvi PvwjKvkw³ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvi ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ
GKRb mgvRKg©©x GKvMÖZv I wbôvi mv‡_ g~j¨‡evamg~n AbymiY K‡i|
NASW KZ…©K 1979 mv‡j cÖYxZ mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ ˆbwZK gvb`Ð bxwZgvjv¸‡jv (ethical standard) wb‡¤œ Zz‡j
aiv n‡jv :
1. †ckv`vi e¨w³ wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©©xi e¨envi I m`vPvi (Conduct and Comportment as a social worker)
K. mgvRKg©©x wn‡m‡e e¨w³ ch©v‡q DËg AvPiY I m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z n‡e|
L. mgvRKg©©x‡K †ckvMZ `ÿZv I ˆbc~Y¨ AR©b Ges †ckvMZ Abykxj‡bi mv‡_ Kg© m¤úv`‡b AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póv
Pvjv‡Z n‡e|
M. mgvRKg©©x‡K †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb‡K cÖ_g I cÖavb KZ©e¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
N. m‡e©v”P Av`k© wn‡m‡e †ckvMZ mZZv I wbi‡cÿZv eRvq †i‡L mgvRKg©©x `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e|
O. AwfÁ we‡klÁgÐjxi wb‡`©kbvq mgvRKg©©xiv wkÿv I M‡elYvq wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡e|
2. mvnvh¨v_©xi cÖwZ mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ (The social worker’s ethical responsibilities to clients)
K. mgvRKg©©xi cÖv_wgK `vwqZ¡ n‡jv mvnvh¨v_©xi ¯^v‡_©i cÖwZ m‡e©v”P cÖvavb¨ †`qv|
L. mgvRKg©©xi cÖwZwU c`‡ÿc mvnvh¨v_©xi me©vwaK AvZ¥wbqš¿Y AwaKvi msiÿ‡Yi cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L MÖnY Kiv|
M. mvnvh¨v_©xi e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZvi cÖwZ mgvRKg©©x‡K Aek¨B h_vh_ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †ckvMZ †mev
cÖ`v‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó mKj Z_¨vw`i †MvcbxqZv iÿv Ki‡Z n‡e|
N. mgvRKg©©x‡K cvwikÖwgK wba©vi‡Yi mgq Aek¨B mZZv I †hŠw³KZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e Zv †hb mvnvh¨v_©xi
mvg‡_©¨i mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© nq|
3. mnKg©x‡`i cÖwZ mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ (The social worker’s ethical responsibility to
colleagues)
K. mgvRKg©©xiv Zv‡`i mnKg©x‡`i cÖwZ m¤§vb, ¯^”QZv, wkóvPvi I wek¦¯ÍZv eRvq †i‡L AvPiY cÖ`k©b Ki‡e|
L. †ckvMZ `„wó‡Kvb n‡Z mnKg©x‡`i Kv‡Q AÁvZ mvnvh¨v_©x‡`i cÖwZI mgvRKg©©x‡`i we‡kl `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ _vK‡e|
4. wb‡qvMKvix I wb‡qvMK…Z cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ mgvRKg©©x‡`i ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ (The social worker’s ethical
responsibility to employers and employing organizations)
K. mgvRKg©©x wb‡qvMK…Z cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ K…ZÁ I A½xKvive× _vK‡eb|
5. mgvRKg©© †ckvi cÖwZ mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ (The social worker’s ethical responsibility to the
social work profesion)
K. mgvRKg©©x‡K Aek¨B †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva, ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡, Ávb, I jÿ¨‡K aviY Ki‡Z n‡e|
L. mgvRKg©©x‡K mvaviY gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y ch©vß †mev`v‡b †ckvMZ ms¯’v‡K h_vh_ mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
M. mgvRKg©©x‡K †ckvi Abykxj‡b †ckvMZ ¯^KxqZv, †ckvi Dbœqb I Áv‡bi cwic~Y© cÖ‡qv‡M h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. mgv‡Ri cÖwZ mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ (The social worker’s ethical responsibility to society)
K. mgvRKg©©x‡K mgv‡Ri mvaviY Kj¨v‡Y m‡Pó _vK‡Z n‡e|

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evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq mgvRKg© cÖ_g cÎ

myZivs ejv hvq, mgvRKg©©xi †ckvMZ AvPiY, Avkv-AvKv•Lv, Kvh©µg, cÖZ¨vkv I f~wgKv mewKQzB ˆbwZK gvb`‡Ði
Dci cÖwZwôZ| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K mgvRK‡g©i cÖvY wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
3.6.3 mgvRKg©© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjvi ¸iæZ¡
mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjvmg~n mgvRKg©© †ckvi cÖvYkw³ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| G¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K
mgvRKg©©xi AvPiY wbqwš¿Z I cwiPvwjZ nq| mgvRKg©©xiv mgv‡Ri mKj †kÖwYi gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y KvR Kivi
†cÖwÿ‡Z Gme †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv M‡o D‡V‡Q| mgvRKg©© †ckvi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i G¸‡jv h_vh_
Abykxj‡bi Dci| D`vniY¯^i~c ejv hvq †h, GKRb mgvRKgx© GKRb wfÿzK‡K mvnvh¨v_©x wn‡m‡e MÖnY †_‡K
mgvwß ch©šÍ mgvRK‡g©i g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjvmg~n AbymiY K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡ÿ‡Î mvnvh¨v_©x‡K wfÿzK wn‡m‡e
g~j¨vqb bv K‡i e¨w³ wn‡m‡e Zvi c~Y© gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q _v‡Kb| Zv‡K AvZ¥wbf©ikxj I DcvR©bÿg nIqvi Rb¨
mgvavb cÖwµqvq AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi w`‡q mgm¨vi `xN©¯’vqx I djcÖm~ mgvavb †`q nq hv GKRb e¨w³i
AvZœwbf©ikxjZv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| iweb DBwjqvgm (Robin Williams) mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b
g~j¨‡ev‡ai ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL K‡ibÑ 1) g~j¨‡eva aviYMZ Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ hv Abyf~wZ, Av‡eM,
cÖwZwµqv A_ev Z_vKw_Z Pvwn`vi E‡aŸ©| g~j¨‡eva e¨w³i ZvrÿwbK AwfÁZvi wbqZ cwieZ©‡bI wbi‡cÿ _v‡K;
2) g~j¨‡eva Av‡eMxq †cÖlYv Øviv cÖK…Z A_ev cÖ”Qbœfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡Z cv‡i; 3) g~j¨‡eva Kvh©µ‡gi P~ovšÍ jÿ¨
bq; wKš‘ jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Yi Dcvq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Ges 4) g~j¨‡eva ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, AwZ Zz”Q ev bMY¨ bq|
mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡ev‡ai cvkvcvwk mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ bxwZgvjv I mgvRKg©©xi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K| G mKj
bxwZgvjv¸‡jv mgvRKg©©xi e¨envi I m`vPvi wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡‡eva‡K cÖvavb¨ †`q| mgm¨v mgvavb
cÖwµqvq mvnvh¨v_©xi me©vwaK AvZ¥wbqš¿Y AwaKvi I †MvcbxqZv iÿvi wbwðqZv cÖ`v‡b GB bxwZgvjv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
mnKg©x‡`i cÖwZ m¤§vb, ¯^”QZv, wkôvPvi I wek¦vm iÿv Ges mvnvh¨v_©xi cÖwZ †ckv`vix AvPi‡Yi wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡b
GB bxwZgvjv Zvrch©c~Y©| Avigv‡Ðv wU. gvijm I we. WweøD. †kdi (1986) Gi g‡Z, ÒmgvRKg©© GKwU g~j¨‡eva
cwiPvwjZ (value guided) †ckv| mgvR‡mev e¨e¯’vq g~j¨‡eva mgvRKg©©x‡`i Ávb I `ÿZvi gv‡S QuvKwb wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i|” (Social work is a value guided profession. Values becomes a filter between the
available knowledge and the skills used by the social worker in providing services)

mvims‡ÿc
mgvRKg©© GKwU g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv wb‡`©wkZ †ckv`vi Kg©KvÐ| e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ, AvZ¥wbqš¿Y
AwaKvi, mK‡ji mgvb my‡hvM, ¯^wbf©iZv AR©b, m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi †MvcbxqZv iÿv, mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡eva
Ges mvgwMÖK `„wófw½ †cvlY n‡”Q mgvRK‡g©i cÖavb g~j¨‡eva| GQvov †ckvMZ bxwZgvjvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †ckv`vi
e¨w³ wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©©x‡`i e¨envi I m`vPvi, mvnvh¨v_©xi cÖwZ mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡, mnKg©x‡`i cÖwZ
mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡, wb‡qvMKvix I wb‡qvMK…Z cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ mgvRKg©©x‡`i ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡ Ges mgv‡Ri
cÖwZ mgvRKg©©xi ˆbwZK `vwqZ¡| mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b mgvRKg©©x‡`i AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿Y K‡i †ckvMZ gvb
AR©‡bi PvweKvwV wn‡m‡e Gme †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.6
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b :
1| NASW KZ…©K cÖYxZ mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ bxwZgvjv Kq fv‡M wef³?
K) cuvP fv‡M L) Qq fv‡M
M) mvZ fv‡M N) AvU fv‡M
2| me©cÖ_g KZ mv‡j mgvRKg©© †ckvi ˆbwZK wewagvjv I g~j¨‡eva cÖYq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq?
K) 1920 L) 1921
M) 1922 N) 1923

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cvV-3.7 †ckv wn‡m‡e mgvRKg©© (Social Work as a Profession)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l AvcwbÑ
3.7.1 †ckvMZ gvb`‡Ði Av‡jv‡K mgvRKg©© †ckv wK bv Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.7.2 evsjv‡`‡k mgvRKg©© †ckv wK bv Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3.7.1 †ckvMZ gvb`‡Ði Av‡jv‡K mgvRKg©© †ckv
eZ©gv‡b mgvRKg©© GKwU †ckv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, GwU GKwU gvbe †mevg~jK †ckv (a
human service profession)| Z‡e A‡b‡Ki aviYv, `vb-LqivZ, mvnvh¨-mnvqZvi g‡Zv †h †Kv‡bv gvbe
Kj¨vYg~jK I †mevg~jK KvRB mgvRKg©©| Zv‡`i g‡Z, A_©, mvg_©¨, mgq I mw`”Qv _vK‡j †m †KDB mgvRKg©©
Ki‡Z cv‡i| †h Kvi‡Y mgvRKg©©‡K ¯^Zš¿ †Kv‡bv †ckvi gh©v`v w`‡Z Zv‡`i AvcwË i‡q‡Q| g~jZ Áv‡bi
mxgve×Zvi `iæb Zviv GB åvšÍ aviYv †cvlY K‡ib| wbtm‡›`‡n wPwKrmv, AvBb, wkÿKZv BZ¨vw` †ckvi b¨vq
mgvRKg©©I GKwU †ckv| †Kbbv †h mKj gvb`‡Ði wbwi‡L GKwU RxweKv ev e„wˇK †ckv ejv n‡q _v‡K,†mB
we‡køl‡Y mgvRKg©© GKwU †ckv| mgvRweÁvbx MÖxbDW (Greenwood) 1957 mv‡j Ges †ev‡qng (Bohem)
1959 mv‡j †ckvi ˆewk‡ó¨i Av‡jv‡K mgvRKg©©‡K c~Yv©½ †ckv wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡ib| G cÖm‡½ MÖxYDW e‡jb,
ÒcÖ‡Z¨K †ckvi †h †ckvMZ gvb`‡Ði K_v ejv nq, mgvRK‡g© Zvi me¸‡jvi Dcw¯’wZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|Ó
mgvRK‡g©i †ckv`vwiZ¡ m¤ú‡K© W. A. Friedlander Ges R. Z. Apte e‡jb, “Social work as a profession
does hold a major mandate to work toward social betterment through established methods and
institusionalized roles|” †ckvi cuvPwU †gŠwjK Dcv`vb †hgbÑ D‡Ïk¨ (purpose), g~j¨‡eva (values),
ÿgZv`vb (sanctions), Ávb (knowledge) I `ÿZv (skills) mgvRK‡g©i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb| GQvov mgvRKg©©xiv
mgvRK‡g©i Ávb, `ÿZv I g~j¨‡eva cÖ‡qvM K‡i mvnvh¨v_©xi g‡a¨ BwZevPK I cwiKwíZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡b KvR
K‡i _v‡K| wb‡¤œ †ckvi gvb`Ð ev ˆewk‡ó¨i Av‡jv‡K mgvRKg©© Kxfv‡e GKwU c~Yv©½ †ckv Zv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv :
1. myk„sLj ÁvbfvÐvi (Systematic body of knowledge) : cÖ‡Z¨K †ckvi g‡Zv mgvRK‡g©i myk„sLj, my¯úó
I cÖPvi‡hvM¨ Ávb (systematic, clarified and transmisible body of knowledge) i‡q‡Q| mgvRKg©©
Abykxj‡b mvnvh¨v_©xi mgm¨v mgvavb K‡i AvZ¥wbf©ikxj Kivi †ÿ‡Î †gŠwjK I mnvqK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i _v‡K|
GQvov mgvRKg©©xiv cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv I ÁvbvR©‡bi gva¨‡g †ckvMZ †hvM¨Zvi AwaKvix nq|
2. ZvwË¡K wfwË (Theoritical basis) : mgvRK‡g© e¯‘wbô I ˆeÁvwbK Z_¨wfwËK ZvwË¡K wfwË i‡q‡Q| mgvRKg©©
†ckvi Abykxj‡b I Áv‡bi mg„wׇZ Gme ZË¡ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| mgvRK‡g© ZvwË¡K ÁvbvR©b K‡i
e¨envwiK cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g GKRb wkÿv_©xi mgvRKg©©x n‡Z nq| mgvRK‡g©i eûj e¨eüZ ZË¡¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e¨e¯’v
ZË¡ (system theory) I f~wgKv ZË¡ (role theory) we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| †ckv wn‡m‡e mgvRK‡g©i wfwˇK
my`„p K‡i‡Q Gme ZvwË¡K wfwË|
3. we‡kl ˆbc~Y¨ I `ÿZv (Special art & skills) : mKj †ckvi †ckvRxex‡`i we‡kl ˆbc~Y¨ I `ÿZvi
AwaKvix n‡Z nq| G‡ÿ‡Î we‡kl Ávb I cÖwkÿY Acwinvh©| mgvRK‡g©I `ÿ I ˆbc~‡Y¨i AwaKvix mgvRKg©©x
wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ ZvwË¡K Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk e¨envwiK cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q| GKRb `ÿ mgvRKg©©xi
g‡a¨ mngwg©Zv (empathy), AvZ¥wehy³ fv‡jvevmv (non-possessive warmth), AvšÍwiKZvmn (genuiness) wKQz
ˆkwíK welq _v‡K hv †ckvMZ ˆbc~Y¨ I `ÿZv e„wׇZ we‡kl f~wgKv iv‡L|
4. †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ (Professional responsibility) : †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ I Revew`wnZv cÖwZwU †ckvi Ab¨Zg
ˆewkó¨ hv mgvRK‡g©I we`¨gvb| eZ©gv‡b †ckv`vi mgvRKg©© †Kv‡bv `i`x ev `vbkxj e¨w³i c~Y¨ AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë
†Kv‡bv KvR bq| mgvRKg©©x cvwikÖwgK cÖvß GKRb †ckv`viKg©x, hv‡K Kg©‡ÿ‡Î `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© me©`v
mRvM _vK‡Z nq|

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5. †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZK gvb`Ð (Professional values and code of ethics) : mgvRKg©© Abykxj‡b
mgvRKg©©xiv KZ¸‡jv †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva I ˆbwZK wewagvjv AbymiY K‡i hv Zv‡`i †ckvMZ AvPvi-AvPiY wbqš¿Y
K‡i †ckvi ¯^KxqZv I ¯^vZš¿¨ eRvq iv‡L| e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ, AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y AwaKvi, mK‡ji mgvb
my‡hvM, m¤ú‡`i mبenvi cÖf…wZ mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva| mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ msMVb KZ…©K cÖYxZ
†ckvMZ ˆbwZK wewagvjv mgvRKgx©iv AbymiY K‡ib| Av‡gwiKvi RvZxq mgvRKg©©x mwgwZ (NASW) 1960 mv‡j
me©cÖ_g mgvRK‡g©i ˆbwZK wewagvjv cÖYqb K‡i|
6. †ckvMZ msMVb (Professional Organization) : †ckvi gv‡bvbœqb I †ckvRxex‡`i mv_© msiÿ†Y cÖwZwU
†ckvi †ckvMZ msMVb _v‡K| mgvRKg©© †ckvi we¯Í…wZ weKvk, gh©v`v iÿv Z_v g‡bvbœq‡bi Rb¨ mKj †`‡kB
†ckvMZ msMVb i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ Av‡gwiKvq National Association of Social Workers (NASW),
Council for Social Work Education (CSWE) I American Association of School
Social Work (AASSW), hy³iv‡R¨ BASW, evsjv‡`‡k Bangladesh Council for Social
Work Education (BCSWE), wdwjcvB‡b PASWI, A‡÷ªwjqvq Australian Association of
Social Worker (AASW), Australian Association for Social Work Education
(AASWE) I Australian Association for Social Work and Welfare Education
(AASWWE), Rvcv‡b Japaneese Association of Schools of Social Work, Px‡b China
Social Workers Association (CSWA) I China Association of Social Work
Education (CASWE) QvovI International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW),
International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASW), APASWE, National
Association of School of Social Administnation (NASSA) BZ¨vw`| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î D‡jøL¨
†h, 1918 mv‡j Av‡gwiKvq nvmcvZvj mgvRKg©© mwgwZ MV‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q mgvRK‡g©i cÖ_g †ckvMZ msMV‡bi
m~ÎcvZ nq|
7. †ckvMZ KZ…©Z¡ (Professional authority) : mgvRKg©© †ckvq †ckvMZ KZ…©Z¡ mycÖwZwôZ i‡q‡Q| mgvRKg©©x
mvnvh¨v_©xi e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv I AvZ¥-wbqš¿‡Yi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj m‡Ë¡I cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î KZ…©Z¡ civqY hv mgm¨v, mgvavb
cÖwµqvq Av¯’v Avbq‡b we‡kl Dc‡hvMx| mgvRKg©©x we‡kl Ávb I `ÿZvi AwaKvix nIqvq †ckvMZ KZ…©Z¡ eRv‡q
mÿg| ¯‹zj mgvRKg©©, wPwKrmv mgvRKg©©mn Ab¨vb¨ †Kv‡bv mgvRKg©©xiv †ckvMZ KZ…©Z¡ I ¯^vZš¿¨ eRvq †i‡L
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
8. RbKj¨vYgyLxZv (Mass welfare) : mKj †ckviB Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q RbKj¨vYgyLxZv| mgvRKg©©
RbKj¨v‡Yi mvwe©K w`K wb‡q KvR K‡i _v‡K| RbKj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ mgvRKg©© †ckv me©`v wb‡qvwRZ| †Kbbv
mgvRK‡g©i Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q mymsMwVZ †mevi gva¨‡g me©vwaK DbœZ I myLx mgvR MVb Kiv|
9. DcvR©bkxjZv (Income oriented) : †ckvi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q DcvR©bkxjZv, hv mgvRK‡g©i †ÿ‡Î
we`¨gvb| mgvRKg©© †Kv‡bv B”Qv wbf©i ev †¯^”QvwfwËK Kg©KvÐ bq| mgvRKg©©xiv cvwikÖwg‡Ki wewbg‡q e¨w³, `j I
mgwói mgm¨v mgvav‡b †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| GRb¨ mgvRKg©©x‡K D”P wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g `ÿZv I ˆbc~Y¨
AR©b Ki‡Z nq| DbœZ we‡k¦ jvB‡mÝ I †iwR‡óªkb cÖvß mgvRKg©©xiv mgvRKg©©‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i RxweKv
wbe©vn K‡i _v‡K|
10. †ckvMZ ¯^xK…wZ (Professional recognition) : we‡k¦i DbœZ I KwZcq Dbœqbkxj †`‡k mgvRKg© †ckvi
†ckvMZ ¯^xK…wZ i‡q‡Q | eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK DbœZ we‡k¦ mgvRKg©© GKwU MwZkxj I c~Y©v½ †ckvi gh©v`v AR©b
K‡i‡Q| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª 1961 mv‡j mgvRKg©©‡K ivóªxqfv‡e †ckv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q| GQvov hy³ivR¨,
A‡÷ªwjqv, myB‡Wb, KvbvWvmn c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k mgvRKg©© †ckv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z|
mvwe©K we‡køl‡Y cÖZxqgvb nq †h, †ckvi gvb`‡Ði Av‡jv‡K mgvRKg©© GKwU †ckv| mgvRKg©©‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e MÖnY
Kivi cÖv_wgK ch©vq wQj weZK©g~jK| D‡jøL¨, mgvRweÁvbx Abram Flexner (1915), Ernet Hollis I Alice
Tylor (1951) cÖgyL mgvRKg©©‡K c~Y©v½ †ckvMZ gh©v`v cÖ`v‡b †bwZevPK AwfgZ iv‡Lb| wKš‘ cwiewZ©Z
mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z M‡elYv I my`~icÖmvix wPšÍvfvebvi gva¨‡g cÖvq mKj gbxlxi ¯^xK…wZi ga¨ w`‡q

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evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

mgvRKg©© †ckv wn‡m‡e cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| myZivs ejv hvq, mgvRKg©© GKwU †ckv; KviY †ckvi mKj ˆewkó¨ ev
gvb`Ð GwU c~~iY K‡i‡Q|
3.7.2 evsjv‡`‡k mgvRKg©© †ckv wK bv
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ mgvRKg©© †h GKwU †ckv Zv wb‡q weZ©‡Ki †Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k mgvRKg©© †ckv wK
bv Zv wb‡q weZK© i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k mgvRK‡g©i wbR¯^ Ávb fvÐvi i‡q‡Q| wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q †ckv`vi
mgvRKg©©x ˆZwii j‡ÿ¨ mgvRKg© wel‡q ¯œvZK (m¤§vb), ¯œvZ‡KvËi, Gg.wdj, I wcGBP.wW. wkÿv Kvh©µg Pvjy
i‡q‡Q| ZvwË¡K Ávb‡K e¨envwiK wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvM K‡i we‡kl ˆbc~~Y¨ I `ÿZvi AwaKvix nIqvi
Rb¨ mgvRKg© wkÿvq ¯œvZK (m¤§vb) I ¯œvZ‡KvËi ch©v†q Kgc‡ÿ 60 Kg©w`em K‡i Avewk¨K e¨envwiK
cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’vI i‡q‡Q| Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv †ckvi †P‡q mgvRKg©© AwaK RbKj¨vYgyLx| evsjv‡`‡kI mgvRKgx©
Øviv †hme Kg©m~wP cwiPvwjZ nq Zv mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y wb‡ew`Z| evsjv‡`‡k †ckv`vi mgvRKg©©xiv wewfbœ
miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡b h_vh_ †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b m‡Pó| mgvRKg©© †ckvi g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki
mgvRKg©©xiv †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b AbymiY K‡i _v‡Kb| GQvov Zviv NASW KZ…©K 1960 mv‡j wba©vwiZ
†ckvMZ bxwZgvjv ev wewfbœ ˆbwZK gvb`Ð †g‡b P‡jb| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k BCSWE e¨ZxZ †Zgb †Kv‡bv †ckvMZ
msMVb †bB| GQvov wewfbœ Kvi‡Y mgvR ev ivóª KZ…©K mgvRKg©©‡K †ckv wn‡m‡e GLbI cy‡ivcywi ¯^xK…wZ †`qv
nqwb| evsjv‡`‡k mgvRKg©© cÖvq me¸‡jv ˆewkó¨c~iY Ki‡jI †Rviv‡jv †ckvMZ msMVb I mvgwMÖK ¯^xK…wZ bv
cvIqvi d‡j GwU‡K GKwU c~Y©v½ †ckv ejv hvq bv| Z‡e Avkv Kiv hvq, A`~i fwel¨‡Z evsjv‡`‡k mgvRKg©©
c~Y©v½ †ckvi ¯^xK…wZ jvf Ki‡e|
mvims‡ÿc
eZ©gv‡b mgvRKg©© GKwU c~Y©v½ †ckv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| †Kbbv †ckvi ˆewkó¨ ev gvb`‡Ði Av‡jv‡K wePvi Ki‡j
†`Lv hvq †h, Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi gZ mgvRKg©©I mKj ˆewkó¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| mgvRKg© myk„sLj ÁvbfvÐvi, ZvwË¡K
wfwË, we‡kl ˆbc~Y¨ I `ÿZv, †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡, †ckvMZ KZ…©Z¡, RbKj¨vYgyLxZv, DcvR©bkxjZvmn mKj
ˆewk‡ói AwaKvix nIqvq †ckvMZ ¯^xK…wZ i‡q‡Q| ZvB mgvRKg©© wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU †ckv| evsjv‡`‡k kw³kvjx
†ckvMZ msMVb I mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ Z_v ivóªxq ¯^xK…wZi Afv‡e †ckvi Ab¨vb¨ ˆewkó¨ c~iY Kiv m‡Ë¡I c~Y©v½
†ckv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| Z‡e Avkv Kiv hvq †mw`b †ewk `~‡i bq †hw`b evsjv‡`‡k mgvRKg©© GKwU
c~Y©v½ †ckv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ jvf Ki‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-3.7
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b :
1| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ mgvRK‡g©i Ae¯’vb wK?
K) †ckvMZ ¯^xK…wZ cÖvß L) †ckvMZ ¯^xK…wZ cÖvß bq
M) †ckvMZ ¯^xK…wZ jv‡fi ch©v‡q N) †ckvMZ ¯^xK…wZ cv‡e bv
2| evsjv‡`‡k mgvRKg©© c~Y©v½ †ckv bv nIqvi cÖavb cÖwZeÜKZv †KvbwU?
K) †ckvMZ msMV‡bi Afve L) ivóªxq ¯^xK…wZi Afve
M) †ckvMZ bxwZgvjvi Afve N) ZvwË¡K wfwËi Afve

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
K. eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ
1| mgv‡R gvby‡li AvPi‡Yi gvb`Ð wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †KvbwU?
K) mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva L) ag©xq g~j¨‡eva
M) ivR‰bwZK g~j¨‡eva N) mvs¯‹…wZK g~j¨‡eva

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2| Armando T. Morales Ges Bradford W. Sheafor mgvRK‡g©i †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva‡K KqwU avivq wef³
K‡i‡Qb?
K) `yBwU L) wZbwU
M) PviwU N) cuvPwU
3| Av‡gwiKvi RvZxq mgvRKg©©x mwgwZ (NASW) cÖYxZ mgvRK‡g©i g~j¨‡ev‡ai g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ
i. e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ ii. gvbe ˆewP‡Î¨i cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b
iii. myweav‡fvMx‡`i ÿgZvqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
4| mgvRweÁvbx Earnest Greenwood †ckvi ¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ D‡jøL K‡i‡QbÑ
i. myk„sLj Ávb fvÐvi
ii.†ckvMZ KZ©„Z¡
iii. †ckvMZ ms¯‹…wZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
5| †ckv I e„wËi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡”QÑ
i. †ckv n‡Z n‡j e„wË n‡Z n‡e ii. mKj †ckvB e„wË iii. mKj e„wËB †ckv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
6| mgvRKg©© †ckv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©Ñ
i. mgm¨vi Kvh©Ki mgvav‡b
ii. mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvj‡b mÿg Kivq
iii. Kvw•LZ BwZevPK cwieZ©b Avbq‡b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
7| mgvRKg©© †ckv I mgvRKg©©xi AvPiY-AvPiY wbqš¿Y K‡iÑ
i. †ckvMZ g~j¨‡eva ii. bxwZgvjv iii. msMVb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii
M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcwU co–b Ges 8 I 9 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :

†ckvMZ e¨w³MZ

ag©xq mvgvwRK

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8| DÏxc‡K Ô?Õ wPwýZ ¯’v‡b †KvbwU em‡e?

K) Av`k© L) bxwZgvjv
M) g~j¨‡eva N) cÖ_v
9| DÏxc‡K Ô?Õ wPwýZ ¯’v‡b cÖZ¨qwUi ¸iæZ¡ n‡jvÑ
i. fv‡jv-g›` wba©viK
ii. AvPvi-AvPiY cwiPvjbv
iii. ˆbwZK I A‰bwZK w`K wba©viY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
gvngy`v Av³vi XvKv †gwW‡K‡ji mgvR‡mev wefv‡M mgvRKg©©x wn‡m‡e `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ| wZwb nvmcvZv‡j
`yt¯’ I Amnvq †ivMx‡`i mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb cÖvqB mvnvh¨v_©xi mv‡_ Lvivc AvPiY K‡ib Ges
AvcwËKi kã cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| d‡j KZ…©cÿ Zv‡K †bvwUk w`‡q‡Q|
10| gvngy`v Av³v‡ii AvPi‡Y mgvRK‡g©i †Kvb g~j¨‡evawUi Abycw¯’wZ jÿ¨Yxq?
K) e¨w³i AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y AwaKvi L) e¨w³i mgvb my‡hvM `vb
M) e¨w³i g~j¨ I gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ N) mvgwMÖK `„wófw½
11| DÏxcKwU‡Z mgvRK‡g©i †Kvb kvLvi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q?
K) mvBwKqvwUªK †mvk¨vj IqvK© L) ¯‹zj †mvk¨vj IqvK©
M) †gwW‡Kj †mvk¨vj IqvK© N) wK¬wbK¨vj †mvk¨vj IqvK©
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co–b Ges 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b :
Elv GKRb M„wnYx| wZwb Zvi Pvi mšÍvb iv½v, dzjy, wkjy I ivbv‡K cov‡jLv Kwi‡q‡Qb| Zvi ¯^vgx wefz Lye
GKUv wkwÿZ bb| wZwb GKRb e¨emvqx| Elvi `yB mšÍvb iv½v I dzjy wkÿKZv K‡ib| wkjy I ivbv e¨vs‡K
Kg©iZ Av‡Q| Elv‡K mvsmvwiK Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv K‡i gwb bv‡gi GKwU †g‡q| wewbg‡q gwb‡K cÖwZ gv‡m
GK nvRvi cvuPkZ UvKv †`qv nq|
12| DÏxcKwU‡Z Kv‡`i KvR‡K e„wË ejv n‡e?
K) Elv I gwb L) Elv, gwb I wefz
M) gwb I wefz N) Elv I wefz
13| D³ KvR‡K †Kb e„wË ejvi KviYÑ
i. we‡kl Ávb I †hvM¨Zvq Afve
ii. †ckvMZ msMV‡bi Aek¨KZv †bB
iii. RbKj¨vYgyLx bq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii
M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
14| AiæÜZx GKRb e¨w³ mgvRKg©x wn‡m‡e U½x wK‡kvi Dbœqb †K›`ª Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| wZwb D³ †K‡›`ªi
wbevmx‡`i mgm¨v mgvavb cÖwµqvq †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ Pvwc‡q †`b bv| wZwb cÖ‡qvRb †gvZv‡eK wbevmx‡`i
¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î AiæÜZx mgvRK‡g©i †Kvb g~j¨‡evawU Abykxjb Ki‡Qb|
K) ¯^wbf©iZv L) e¨w³ gh©v`vi ¯^xK…wZ
M) mK‡ji mgvb my‡hvM `vb N) AvZ¥-wbqš¿Y AwaKvi

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15| cÖ‡dmi W. Aveyj †nv‡mb ¯œvZK (m¤§vb) 1g e‡l©i K¬v‡m GKwU wel‡qi Dci Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| wZwb welqwUi
aviYv w`‡Z wM‡q e‡jb hv gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b RxebvPiY AvPvi, e¨envi I ixwZbxwZ‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i Ges
mgvR‡f‡` cwieZ©bkxj I Av‡cwÿK| welqwU Kx ?
K) Av`k© L) bxwZgvjv
M) g~j¨‡eva N) ms¯‹…wZ

L. m„Rbkxj
1| bvwmgv Av³vi GKRb †ckv`vi mgvRKg©©x| wZwb weaev I ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³ Amnvq bvix‡`i wb‡q KvR K‡ib|
gywbiv †eMg GKRb †mevMÖnxZv| wZwb Zvi `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi A‡bK K_v bvwmgv Av³v‡ii Kv‡Q e‡jb| bvwmgv
Av³vi welqwU †Mvcb iv‡Lb Ges gywbiv †eMg‡K Avqe„w×g~jK Kv‡R m¤ú„³ K‡i mgv‡R c~ybe©vmb K‡ib| d‡j
gywbiv †eMg Zvi Rxe‡bi g~j †¯ªvZavivq wd‡i G‡m‡Qb| †Kbbv eZ©gv‡b mgvR Zv‡K kÖ×vi †Pv‡L †`‡L|
K) Rapport k‡ãi evsjv cÖwZkã wK? 1
L) e„wË ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2
M) DÏxc‡K bvwmgv Av³vi KZ…©K †mevMÖnxZvq mgm¨v mgvav‡b cÖ‡qvMK…Z g~j¨‡evawUi eY©bv w`b| 3
N) †mevMÖnxZvi mgm¨v mgvav‡b bvwmgv Av³vi Avi †Kvb g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
we‡kølY Kiæb| 4

2| Ac~e© cvj GgweweGm cvk K‡i GKwU miKvwi nvmcvZv‡j †gwW‡Kj Awdmvi wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| wZwb
†ivMx‡`i †ivM wbivg‡q Zvi AwR©Z wel‡qi Ávb I `ÿZv cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| wZwb evsjv‡`k †gwW‡Kj G‡mvwm‡qk‡bi
GKRb m`m¨| Ab¨w`‡K ev”Pz wgTv GKRb e¨emvqx| †m gyiMxi wWg I gyiMx wewµ K‡i Zvi RxweKv wbe©vn
K‡ib|
K) g~j¨‡eva kãwUi Bs‡iRx cÖwZkã wjLyb| 1
L) mgvRKg©© g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2
M) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Ac~e© cvj I ev”Pz wgTvi Kv‡Ri ˆewkó¨ Zz‡j aiæb| 3
N) Ac~e© cvj I ev”Pz wgTvi Kv‡Ri ˆemv`„k¨mg~n DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Kiæb| 4

DËigvjv
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.1 : 1| L 2| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.2 : 1| K 2| K 3| N
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.3 : 1| K
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.4 : 1| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.5 : 1| K 2| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.6 : 1| L 2| L
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 3.7 : 1| K 2| L
P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb- 3 : 1| K 2| L 3| N 4| N 5| K 6| N 7| K 8| M 9| N
10| M 11| M 12| K 13| K 14| N 15| M

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