Module 3: Tutorial

1. A cam operating a knife-edged follower has the following data:

(a) Follower moves outwards through 40 mm during 60° of cam rotation.
(b) Follower dwells for the next 45°.
(c) Follower returns to its original position during next 90°.
(d) Follower dwells for the rest of the rotation.
The displacement of the follower is to take place with simple harmonic motion during both the
outward and return strokes. The least radius of the cam is 50 mm. Draw the profile of the cam
when
(i) the axis of the follower passes through the cam axis, and (ii) the axis of the follower is offset
20 mm towards right from the cam axis. If the cam rotates at 300 r.p.m., determine maximum
velocity and acceleration of the follower during the outward stroke and the return stroke. (Ans.
1.88 m/s, 1.26 m/s; 177.7 m/s2, 79 m/s2)

2. Design a cam to raise a valve with simple harmonic motion through 50 mm in 1/3 of a
revolution, keep if fully raised through 1/12 revolution and to lower it with harmonic motion in
1/6 revolution. The valve remains closed during the rest of the revolution. The diameter of the
roller is 20 mm and the minimum radius of the cam is 25 mm. The diameter of the camshaft is 25
mm. The axis of the valve rod passes through the axis of the camshaft. If the camshaft rotates at
uniform speed of 100 r.p.m; find the maximum velocity and acceleration of a valve during
raising and lowering. (Ans. 0.39 m/s, 0.78 m/s ; 6.17 m/s2, 24.67 m/s2)
3. Draw the profile of cam operating a roller follower having a lift of 35 mm. The line of stroke
of the follower passes through the axis of the cam shaft. The radius of the roller is 10 mm and the
minimum radius of the cam is 40 mm. The cam rotates at 630 rpm counterclockwise. The
follower is raised with SHM for 90o of the cam rotation, dwells for next 60o and then lowers
with uniform acceleration and deceleration for the next 150o. The follower dwells for the rest of
the cam rotation. Calculate the maximum velocity and maximum acceleration during ascent and
descent. (Ans. 2.31.m/s, 304.9 m/s2, 1.76 m/s, 88.98 m/s2)
4. The following data relate to a cam profile in which the follower moves with uniform
acceleration and deceleration during ascent and descent.
Minimum radius of cam = 25 mm
Roller diameter = 7.5 mm
Lift = 28 mm
Offset of follower axis = 12 mm towards right
Angle of ascent = 60o
Angle of descent = 90o
Angle of dwell between ascent and descent = 45o
Speed of cam = 200 rpm
Draw the profile of cam and determine the maximum velocity and the uniform acceleration of
the follower during the outstroke and the return stroke. (Ans. 1.12 m/s, 44.8 m/s, 0.747 m/s, 19.9
m/s)
5. A flat faced reciprocating follower has the following motion :
(a) The follower moves out for 80° of cam rotation with uniform acceleration and retardation, the
acceleration being twice the retardation.
(b) The follower dwells for the next 80° of cam rotation.
(c) It moves in for the next 120° of cam rotation with uniform acceleration and retardation, the
retardation being twice the acceleration.
(d) The follower dwells for the remaining period.
The base circle diameter of the cam is 60 mm and the stroke of the follower is 20 mm. The line
of movement of the follower passes through the cam centre. Draw the cam profile.
6. A pair of gears has 16 and 22 teeth, module pitch 12.5 mm addendum 12.5 mm dedendum
14.25 mm and the pressure angle 20o.The pinion drives in counter-clockwise direction.
Determine the following:
(a) The pitch circle radii
(b) The base circle radii
(c) The circular pitch
(d) The base pitch
(e) The length of the path of contact
(f) The angle of approach and recess
(Ans. (a) 10 cm, 13.75 cm, (b) 9.4 cm, 12.82 cm, (c) 3.93 cm (d) 3.69 cm, (e) 5.63 cm, (f) 12.5o,
12o)
7. Two gears in mesh have a module of 10 mm and a pressure angle of 25o. The pinion has 20
teeth and the gear has 52. The addendum on both the gears is equal to one module. Determine the
(a) Number of pairs of teeth in contact
(b) Angles of action of the pinion and the wheel
(c) Ratio of sliding velocity to the rolling velocity at the pitch point and at the beginning and end
of engagement
(Ans. 1.475; 26o36’, 10o13’; zero, 0.304, 0.282)
8. The following data refer to two meshing gears having 20o involute teeth:
Number of teeth of gear wheel = 52
Number of teeth of pinion = 20
Speed of pinion = 360 rpm
Module = 8 mm
If the addendum of each gear is such that the path of approach and path of recess are half of their
maximum possible values, determine the addendum for the gear and the pinion and the length of
arc of contact. (Ans. 5.07 mm, 18.04 mm, 52.4 mm)
9. Two 20o involute spur gears having a velocity ratio of 2.5 mesh externally. The module is 4
mm and the addendum is equal to 1.23 module. The pinion rotates at 150 rpm. Find the
(a) Minimum number of teeth on each wheel to avoid interference
(b) Number of pairs of teeth in contact
(Ans. 45, 18, 1.95)
10. Two 20o full-depth involute spur gears having 30 and 48 teeth are in mesh. The pinion
rotates at 840 rpm. The module is 4 mm. Find the sliding velocities at the engagement and at the
disengagement of a pair of teeth and the contact ratio. If the intereference is avoided, find (i) the
addenda on the wheel and the pinion, (ii) the path of the contact (iii) the maximum velocity of
sliding at engagement and disengagement of a pair of teeth, (iv) contact ratio.
(Ans. 8.8 mm, 17.6 mm, 53.35 mm, 2.934 m/s. 4.695 m/s, 4.52)
11. The centre distance between two spur gears in a mesh is to be approximately 275 mm. The
gear ratio is 10 to 1. The pinion transmits 360 kW at 1800 rpm. The pressure angle of the
involute teeth is 20o and the addendum is equal to one module. The limiting value of the normal
tooth pressure is 1 kN/m of width. Determine the
(a) Nearest standard module so that interference does not occur
(b) Number of teeth on each gear wheel, and
(c) Width of the pinion
(Ans. 3; 17, 170; 79.7)
12. In an epicyclic gear train shown in figure, the pitch circle diameter of the annulus A is to be
approximately 324 mm and the module is to be 6 mm. When the annulus is stationary, the three-
armed spider makes one revolution for every five revolution of the wheel S. Find the number of
teeth for all the wheels and exact pitch circle diameter of the annulus. If a torque of 30 Nm is
applied to the shaft carrying S, determine the fixing torque of the annulus.
(Ans. TS = 14, TP = 21, TA = 56,; 120 Nm)

13. A pinion has 15 teeth, and is rigidly fixed to a motor shaft. The wheel P has 20 teeth and
gears with S and also with a fixed annulus wheel A. The pinion C has 15 teeth and fixed to the
wheel P. C gears with the annular wheel D, which is keyed to a machine shaft. P and C can rotate
together on a pin carried by an arm which rotates about the shaft on which S is fixed. Find the
speed of the machine shaft if the motor rotates at 1000 rpm. (Ans. 37.15 rpm in the same
direction as S)
14. Figure shows a port indicator for a twin-screw ship. It is found that the pointer P remains
stationary if the propellers run at the same speed and drive the gears C and D in the same
direction through equal gears A and B. If the number of teeth on G and F are 24 and 50
respectively, find the ratio of the number of teeth on C to that on D.
What will be the speed of the pointer if B runs at 5% faster than A and if the speed of C is 100
rpm. (Ans. 37/12, 7.4 rpm)

15. An epicyclic gear train, as shown in Figure, is composed of a fixed annular wheel A having
150 teeth. The wheel A is meshing with wheel B which drives wheel D through an idle wheel C,
D being concentric with A. The wheels B and C are carried on an arm which revolves clockwise
at 100 r.p.m. about the axis of A and D. If the wheels B and D have 25 teeth and 40 teeth
respectively, find the number of teeth on C and the speed and sense of rotation of C.
(Ans. 30 ; 600 r.p.m. clockwise)
16. Figure, shows an epicyclic gear train with the following details :
A has 40 teeth external (fixed gear) ; B has 80 teeth internal ; C - D is a compound wheel having
20 and 50 teeth (external) respectively, E-F is a compound wheel having 20 and 40 teeth
(external) respectively, and G has 90 teeth (external). The arm runs at 100 r.p.m. in clockwise
direction. Determine the speeds for gears C, E, and B.
(Ans. 300 r.p.m. clockwise ; 400 r.p.m. anticlockwise ; 150 r.p.m. clockwise)

17. An epicyclic reduction gear, as shown in Figure, has a shaft A fixed to arm B. The arm B
has a pin fixed to its outer end and two gears C and E which are rigidly fixed, revolve on this pin.
Gear C meshes with annular wheel D and gear E with pinion F. G is the driver pulley and D is
kept stationary. The number of teeth are: D = 80 ; C = 10 ; E = 24 and F = 18. If the pulley G
runs at 200 r.p.m.; find the speed of shaft A.
(Ans. 17.14 r.p.m. in the same direction as that of G)