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Physics Module 1

Kinematics
WORKSHEETS
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Worksheet 1 Speed & Velocity
Fill in the blank spaces. Student Name...........................................
The average speed of a moving object is equal to The vector equivalent of distance is called
the a)............................ travelled, divided by j)................................., and refers to distance in a
b)....................... taken. On a Distance-Time graph, particular k).............................. For example, if
the c)........................ of the graph is equal to speed. displacement was being measured in the north
A horizontal graph means d)................................. direction, then a distance southward would be
............................... considered as l).............................. displacement.

On a Speed-Time graph, constant speed is shown On a displacement-time graph, movement south

by e).......................................... on the graph. This would result in the graph sloping
does NOT mean stopped, unless the graph section m)................................... to the right and having a
is lined up with f)............................. negative n)............................................

Speed and distance are both g).............................. The vector equivalent of speed is
quantities, because the direction doesn’t matter. o).................................... The average velocity is
Often in Physics we deal with h)............................ equal to p)............................... divided by
quantities, which have both i)............................... and q)....................... Instantaneous velocity refers to
....................................... r)..................................................................

Worksheet 2 Practice Problems

Motion Graphs Student Name...........................................
A car travelled 200 km north in 3.0 hours, then g) Use your graph to find:
stopped for 1.0 hr, and finally travelled south 100 i) average velocity for the first 3 hours.
km in 1.0 hr.
a) What was the total distance travelled?

ii) velocity during the 4th hour.

b) What was the total displacement?

c) What was the total time for the whole journey? iii) velocity during the last hour.

d) Calculate the average speed for the whole

journey.
100
North

e) Calculate the h) Construct a

average velocity Velocity- Time
for the whole journey. Graph for this
50
Velocity (km/hr)

trip.
Displacement

Time (hr)
0

1 2 3 4 5

f) Construct a
-100 -50
South

Displacement -
Time Graph for this
trip.
TIME

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® Worksheet 3 Practice Problems

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Motion Graphs & Calculations Student Name..................................
1. An aircraft took off from town P and flew due
north to town Q where it
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
So far all examples have used the familiar

P 200 400 600 800

Displacement north (km)
stopped to re-fuel. It km/hr for speed or velocity. The correct S.I.
then flew due south to Q
units are metres per second (ms-1). You need
town R. to be able to work in both, and convert from
one to the other..... here’s how:
The trip is summarised 1 km/hr = 1,000 metres/hr
Time = 1,000m/(60x60) seconds
by the graph. (hr)
= 1,000/3,600 m/s
1 2 3 4 5 6 = 1/3.6
a) How far is it from
-400 -200

towns P to Q? So, to convert km/hr ms-1 divide by 3.6

R to convert ms-1 km/hr multiply by 3.6

2. A car is travelling at 100 km/hr.

b) How long did the flight P to Q take? a) What is this in ms-1?
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c) Calculate the average velocity for the flight from
P to Q (include direction) b) The driver has a “micro-sleep” for 5.00 s. How far will
the car travel in this time?

d) What is the value of the gradient of the graph

from t=3 hr, to t=6 hr.? c) At this velocity, how long does it take (in seconds) to
travel 1.00km (1,000m)?

e) What part of the journey does this represent?

3.
f) Where is town R located compared to town P? For this question consider north as (+), south as ( - ).

A truck is travelling at a velocity of +20.5 ms-1 as it

g) What was the aircraft’s position and velocity passes a car travelling at -24.5 ms-1.
(including direction) at t=5 hr?
a) What are these velocities in km/hr? (including
directions?)
h) What was the:
i) total distance
b) What is the displacement (in m) of each vehicle in
30.0 s?
ii) average speed

iii) total displacement

c) How long would it take each vehicle to travel
100 m?
iv) average velocity
(for the entire 6 hr journey)
400
North

4. Where does this aircraft end up in relation to its

starting point?
Velocity (km/hr)
200

Flight details:
First flew west for 2.50 hr at 460 km/hr.
i) Construct a
Velocity- Time Time (hr) Next, flew east at 105 ms-1 for 50.0 minutes.
0

Graph for 1 2 3 4 5 6
the flight.
-100

Next, flew west for 3.25 hours at 325 km/hr.

South

Finally flew east for 5.50 hours at velocity 125 ms-1.

-300

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® Worksheet 4 Practice Problems

keep it simple science Acceleration Student Name...........................................

1. Starting from rest (i.e. u=0) a car reaches 22.5 ms-1 a) Find the rate of acceleration of the racer in the
in 8.20 s. What is the rate of acceleration? first 5 sec.

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b) What was the maximum velocity it achieved in

2. A truck decelerated at -2.60 ms-2. It came to a km/hr?
stop (v = 0) in 4.80 s. How fast was it going when
the brakes were applied?

c) What was its total displacement (in metres) for

the entire motion?

3. A car was travelling at 12.0ms-1. How long would it

take for it to reach 22.5ms-1, if it accelerated at
1.75ms-2?

d) When was the car stationary?

e) Describe the car’s motion after t=8.0s.

4. A spacecraft was travelling in space at 850ms-1

when its “retro-rockets” began to fire, producing a
constant deceleration of 50.0ms-2 (i.e. acceleration of f) Find the rate of acceleration at time t=10s.
-50.0ms-2) The engines fire for 20.0s. What is the
spacecraft’s final velocity at the end of this time?
Interpret the meaning of the mathematical answer.

g) Sketch a graph of displacement-time for this

motion. Values on the graph axes are NOT
required.

5. The graph shows the motion of a “drag” race car.

Velocity (ms-1)
20 40 0 60

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (s)

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® Worksheet 5 Equations of Motion

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Practice Problems 1 Student Name......................................
Note: It it essential in Kinematics problems to be careful about the directions involved and use +ve & -ve signs
appropriately. To ensure consistency, we recommend always using +ve for upwards motion, -ve for downwards.
On level ground, use +ve for north, -ve for south. (Or +ve for east, -ve for west, as applicable.)

Use Equation 1 Use Equation 3

1. 7.
a) A car travelling at an initial velocity of 15ms-1 Entering the Earth’s atmosphere with an initial
accelerated at 3.0ms-2 for 7.0s. What was its final velocity of 22,000ms-1, a meteor decelerated at a
velocity? constant rate for 17.0s over a distance of 350km.
(Convert to metres!)
School Inspection only. What was the rate of deceleration?
Copying NOT permitted.

2.
How long would it take to slow down to 40ms-1 from
an initial velocity of 200ms-1, if accelerating at
-2.5ms-2?
8.
An object accelerated at a constant 2.75ms-2 for
9.00s. In this time the displacement was 325m.
What was its initial velocity?
3.
What is the acceleration rate if a rocket sled
reaches 500ms-1 in 8.50s, starting from rest? (u = 0)

Use Equation 4
4. 9.
A bullet striking a soft target decelerates at From an initial velocity of 15.0ms-1, a train on a
-15,000ms-2 and stops (v = 0) within 0.05s. straight track accelerated at 1.50ms-2 over a
What was its initial velocity? displacement of 500m.
What velocity did it reach?

Use Equation 3
5.
What distance would be covered in 14.5s by an
object accelerating at 5.35ms-2, if its intial velocity 10.
was 22.5ms-1? A rocket sled on rails accelerated from rest (u=0) at
100ms-2 and reached a final velocity of 500ms-1.
What displacement was covered during the
acceleration?

6.
Accelerating at 1.75ms-2 from rest, (u = 0) a ball
rolling down a smooth slope covered 66.0m. What
time did this take?

11.
A jet landing on an aircraft-carrier touched down
with a velocity (u) of 35.0ms-1. Caught by the
“arresting gear”, the jet was brought to a halt (v=0)
in a distance of 42.5m. Find the (de-) acceleration
rate.

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Worksheet 6 Equations of Motion

®
keep it simple science
Practice Problems 2 Student Name......................................
Note: It it essential in Kinematics problems to be careful about the directions involved and use +ve & -ve signs
appropriately. To ensure consistency, we recommend always using +ve for upwards motion, -ve for downwards.
On level ground, use +ve for north, -ve for south. (Or +ve for east, -ve for west, as applicable.)

1. (Don’t do this at home, kids!) 3.

Fred dropped a rock from the top of a very high A car is moving at a constant velocity of 100kmhr-1
building & used a stopwatch to measure that it took on a level road when the driver sees a small child
5.70s to hit the ground. He knows that the chase a ball onto the road exactly 75.0m ahead.
acceleration due to gravity, “g” = -9.81ms-2. It takes the driver 1.20s to react, then she applies
emergency braking & safely stops the car 4.20m
a) Assuming that he held the rock still before letting from the child.
it go, what was the rock’s initial velocity?
a) What was the car’s initial velocity in ms-1?

b) At what velocity did it hit the ground?

School Inspection only. b) How far did the car travel during the driver’s
Copying NOT permitted. reaction time?

c) How high is the building?

c) What distance was covered during braking?

d) From the same height, Fred then threw another

rock vertically downwards with an initial velocity of
-25.5ms-1. At what rate did it accelerate d) What was the acceleration rate during braking?
downwards?

e) At what velocity did it hit the ground?

e) What time elapsed during braking?

f) How long did it take to hit the ground? 4.

Dangerous Fred is back! Armed with a catapult, he
fired a golf ball vertically upwards. It took 5.75s for
the ball to reach the apex of its flight, at which
point it stopped momentarily (v = 0) before falling
again. Don’t forget, g = -9.81ms-2.
2.
An aircraft taking off accelerated from rest (u=0) at a) What was the launch velocity of the ball? (u =?)
8.50ms-2 and became airborne after 15.5s.

a) What length of runway was used during the take-

off?
b) How high did it go?

b) What was its take-off velocity? (ms-1 and kmhr-1) c) How long does it take the golf ball to fall
vertically back down?
(What do you notice about your answer?)

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® Worksheet 7 Practice Exercises

Vectors in 1-D
keep it simple science
Student Name......................................

1. 4.
Town X is 20km NE of town Y. A boat is moving upstream at a velocity through the
Town Z is 70km SW of Y. water of 2.5ms-1. There is a downstream water
a) Represent this information current with a velocity of 1.2ms-1.
by displacement vectors.
a) What is the boat’s velocity compared to the river
bank? (ie what is its actual velocity upstream?)

b) Where is X
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in relation to Z?
Copying NOT permitted.
b) How far upstream will the boat travel if it
2. maintains this motion for 1 hour?
Billy has a job as a delivery boy. One day his
deliveries result in consecutive movements as
follows:
1.5km east, 3.2km east, 2.4km west, 1.5km east,
3.7km west, 2.9km west.
a) What is his total distance moved? c) After an hour, the boat turns around and travels
back to its starting point. The water current and the
boat’s velocity through the water are unchanged.
b) What is his final displacement from his starting What is its downstream velocity compared to the
point? river bank?

d) How long will it take to return to its starting

3. point?
Planes P&Q are P Q
both flying east,
one behind the other
as shown.

They cannot see each other, but P’s radar has 5.

detected Q directly in front. Two cars are approaching each other head-on on a
long straight road. Car J’s velocity is 60kmhr-1 east.
Plane P is flying at a velocity of 600kmhr-1. Car M is travelling at 90kmhr-1 west.
Plane Q’s velocity is 500kmhr-1. (“ground speeds”) a) Represent this situation with a vector diagram.
a) What is the relative velocity of Q, as seen by P’s
radar?

b) To avoid disaster, plane P climbs to a safe

altitude, over-flies Q, then drops back down when
safely past. Velocities have not changed.
Q’s forward-facing radar suddenly picks up P.
What is is the relative velocity of P, as seen by Q’s b) What is the velocity of M, relative to J?
radar?

c) What is the velocity of J, relative to M?

d) When they first notice each other, the cars are

500m apart. What time elapses until they meet?
(Safely passing each other in the road lanes.)

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® Worksheet 8 Practice Exercises

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Vectors in 2-D Student Name......................................
For each problem, sketch a vector diagram 4. 150km
& show working. Town B is 150km east, and A
1. 400km south, of town A, as
On an orienteering bushwalk, Kali uses her shown in the diagram.
compass & pedometer to walk 2.4km west, then

400km
1.8km north. What is the displacement
Where does she end up, compared to her starting of B from A, (including
point? (displacement and compass bearing) direction) “as the crow flies”?

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B

2. 5. 250kmhr-1
A plane is flying with an air-speed of 350kmhr-1 Two aircraft are approaching the X
west. There is a cross-wind blowing at 45kmhr-1 same airport from different
south. directions, as shown.

400kmhr-1
Use a vector diagram & appropriate working to Plane X is flying east at 250kmhr-1.
calculate the plane’s “ground-speed” velocity. Plane Z is flying north at 400kmhr-1.
(Velocity relative to a fixed point on the ground,
including a compass-bearing direction.) a) What is the relative velocity of Z,
seen from X?
Z

b) What is the relative velocity of plane X, as seen

3. from Z?
A swimmer sets out to cross a river. Using
breaststroke, she swims due north at 0.75ms-1.
The tide is flowing east at 1.2ms-1.
What is her velocity (inc.direction) compared to her 6.
starting point? Bob is building a garden trellis at the side of his
house. He needs to cut a piece of timber so it will
reach from a point on the ground 1.50m horizontally
away from the wall, to touch the vertical wall 2.80m
above the ground.

a) Sketch a diagram to represent this task as vector

displacements.

b) To what length should he cut a piece of timber?

c) When it is in position, at what angle will the

timber meet the wall?

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® Worksheet 9 Practice Problems

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Resolving Vectors Student Name......................................
1. 4.
Each of the diagrams show a displacement or A racing yacht is trying to sail due south,
velocity vector on a map. but is forced by a cross-wind to sail on
Resolve each vector into perpendicular components compass bearing 240o with a velocity
and give a magnitude and compass direction for of 22kmhr-1.
each component.
What is its southward velocity?
a) km (ie what is the southerly component of its
= 20 N
to rA velocity?)
vec
20o W E
S
School Inspection only.
55o Copying NOT permitted.
B

b)
=
22
5m

5.
s

Billy is pushing a trolley up a 25o inclined ramp.

-1

c) He has moved it 10m along the ramp.

C

40o a) How far has it moved

=
60

vertically upwards?
km

m
800
hr

D=
-1

d) 70o 25o

e) 10o
E=4 b) How far has it moved horizontally?
,200
km

2. N
A cannon fired a shell with an initial velocity of 6. enemy
950ms-1 at an angle of 60o above the horizontal. An army observer 6,00 W E
spots an enemy
0m S
Resolve this velocity vector into horizontal and tank on compass
vertical components. Ob.
bearing 300o.
Range-finding equipment measures that the enemy
is 6,000m from the observation post.

How far
a) north

b) west
3.
Using accurate equipment, a surveyor measures of the observation post is the enemy tank?
that a marker post is 382m away on compass
bearing 30o from his position. 7.
a) How many metres north of his position is the An aircraft is flying NE (bearing 45o) at 750kmhr-1.
marker?
Calculate & compare the northerly & easterly
components of its velocity.

b) How many metres east of his position is the

marker?

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® Worksheet 10 Graphical Method of Vector Analysis

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Tutorial Worksheet Student Name......................................
This method of vector analysis relies on accurate scale diagrams, best done on graph paper. A scale must be assigned
to the grid. Angles should be measured by protractor. Note that this method lacks the numerical accuracy & precision of
algebraic methods, but may be more convenient in some cases.
The grids provided here are 1cm, but may have been changed by photocopying. Answers given are approximate.

1. 3.
A ship sails due north for 60km, then turns east and sails On the grid is a vector representing the initial velocity of
50km. Where is now, compared to its starting point? an artillery shell fired upwards at an angle.
Use the graph to find:
problem. Complete it by constructing the “Resultant” displacement

N a) the magnitude (size) of the initial velocity. (use ruler)

The graph shows the vector diagram you can use to solve this

b) the firing angle, from the horizontal.

Measure an angle (protractor) to specify a direction bearing.

W E c) the vertical component of its initial velocity.

vector. Measure its length & use the scale to find its size.

S d) the horizontal component of initial velocity.

Scale:
1cm = 100ms-1
Scale:
1cm = 10km
School Inspection only.
Copying NOT permitted.

2.
An small aircraft flies due east with an “airspeed” of
120kmhr-1. However, there is a gale-force cross-wind
blowing due south at 60kmhr-1.
Find the plane’s true “groundspeed” N
4. ADDING MORE THAN 2 VECTORS.
(including direction) by graphical means.
Start in the centre (dot) of the grid. Construct vectors in
W E the order given, head to tail. What is the final
S displacement from start point? (inc.direction)
Scale: a) walked 30m north. b) crawled 40m east
1cm = 20 kmhr-1 c) hopped 50m south d) ran 80m west

Scale:
1cm = 10m

W E
S

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Answer Section
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Worksheet 1 Worksheet 3 (cont.)

1. (i)
a) distance b) time

400
c) gradient d) stationary, not moving
e) horizontal line f) zero on the speed scale

300
North
g) scalar h) vector

200
i) magnitude & direction j) displacement
k) direction l) negative

Velocity (km/hr)

100
m) down n) gradient Time (hr)
o) velocity p) displacement

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
q) time

-100
r) velocity at a particular instant of time

South
Worksheet 2

-300
a) 200+100 = 300km 2.
a) 100/3.6 ≅ 27.8ms-1.
b) +200 + (-100) = 100km north b) V = S/t, so S = V.t = 27.8x5.00 ≅ 139m.
c) V = S/t, so t = S/V = 1,000/27.8 ≅ 36.0s.
c) 5hr
3.
d) Speed = dist/time = 300/5 = 60km/hr a) 20.5ms-1 = 73.8km/hr (north)
-24.5ms-1 = -88.2km/hr (south)
e) V = S/t b) S = V.t = 20.5x30,0 = 615m north
= 100/5 = 20km/hr -24.5x30.0 = -735m ( 735m south)
200

c) t = S/V = 100/20.5 = 4.88s

Displacement

100/24.5 = 4.08s
North (km)

f) graph
100

g) from graph: 4.
i) gradient = 200/3 1st leg:S = V.t = 460x2.50 = 1,150km west
0

≅ 67 km/hr
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (hr)
ii) gradient = zero 2nd leg: S = 105x(50x60) =315,000m =315km east
iii) gradient = -100/1
= -100km/hr 3rd leg: S = 325x3.25 ≅ 1,056km west
(i.e. 100km/hr south)
h) graph 4th leg: = 125x(5.50x60x60) = 2,475,000m
= 2,475km east
North
100
Velocity (km/hr)

Let east be (+ve), west be ( -ve)

Time (hr) Final displacement = -1,150 + 315 -1,056 + 2,475
0

1 2 3 4 5
= +575 km (east) of starting point.
South
-100

Worksheet 3
1.
Worksheet 4
a) 600km b) 1.5hr 1.
c) V = S/t = 600/1.5 = 400km/hr north a = (v - u)/t = (22.5-0)/8.20 = 2.74ms-2
d) gradient = -900/3 = -300
2.
e) Flight from Q to R
u = v - at = 0-( -2.60x4.80) = 12.5ms-1
f) R is 300km south of P
g) Position = over town P. Velocity = 300km/hr 3.
south a = (v - u)/t ∴ t = (v - u)/a
= (22.5 - 12.0)/1.75 = 6.00s
h) i) distance = 1,500km
ii) Speed = 1,500/6 = 250km/hr 4.
iii) Final displacement = 300 km south v = u + at = 850 + (-50.0)x20.0 = -150ms-1
iv) V = S/t = 300/6 = 50km/hr south
The final negative velocity means it is moving
i) graph backwards, compared to its original direction.

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®
keep it simple science
Answer Section School Inspection only.
Copying NOT permitted.

Worksheet 4 (cont.) Worksheet 5 (cont.)

5. 7.
a) in first 5.0 seconds, gradient = 70/5.0 = 14 S=ut + 0.5at2 so a = (s-ut) / 0.5t2
∴ acceleration = 14ms-2. = (350,000-(22,000x17.0)) / 0.5x172
= -24,000 / 144.5
b) reached 70ms-1 a = -166ms-2.

c) Displacement = area under graph 8.

(2 triangles + rectangle) S=ut + 0.5at2 so u = (S - 0.5at2) / t
Area = 175 + 210 + 175 = 560m = (325 - 0.5x2.75x92) / 9
= (325 - 111.4) / 9
d) At t=0 and t=13s u = 23.7ms-1.

e) It was decelerating to a stop. 9.

V2 = U2 + 2aS = 152 + 2x1.5x500
f) Acceleration = gradient = -70/5.0 = -14.0ms-2. V2 = 1725
∴V = 41.5ms-1.
g) rough sketch
10.
Deceleration: curves V2 = U2 + 2aS so S = (V2 - U2) / 2a
down to horizontal = (5002-0) / 2x100
S = 250,000 / 200
Constant Velocity: S = 1,250m.
straight line
11.
Acceleration: curves up V2 = U2 + 2aS so a = (V2 - U2) / 2S
t
from horizontal = (0 -(-352) / 2x42.5
= -1225 / 85
Note: Although slowing down, the vehicle a = -14.4ms-2.
continues to move away from the start, so the
Displacement-Time graph never shows a negative
gradient. Worksheet 6
1.
Worksheet 5 a) u = 0
1.
v = u + at = 15 + 3x7 = 36ms-1 b) v = u + at = 0 + (-9.81)x5.70 = -55.9ms-1. (down)

2. c)
v=u+at, so t= (v-u)/a S=ut+0.5at2 = 0 + 0.5x(-9.81)x5.72 = -159m.
= (40-200) / -2.5 = 64s. (negative answer indicates a downward
displacement. The appropriate answer is that the
3. building is 159m high)
a = (v-u) / t = (500-0)/8.50 = 58.8ms-2.
d) Since it is accelerating due to gravity,
4. a = “g” = -9.81ms-2.
v=u+at, so u = v - at = 0 - (-15,000)x0.05
= 750ms-1. e)
V2 = U2 + 2aS = (-25.52) + 2x(-9.81)x(-159)
5. = 650.5 + 3119.6
S=ut+0.5at2 = 22.5x14.5 + 0.5x5.35x14.52 V2 = 3770.1
= 889m ∴ V = - 61.4ms-1.

6. (note: mathematically “V” is derived from a square

S = ut + 0.5at2 root, so it can be + or - The appropriate
66.0 = 0 + 0.5 x 1.75 x t2 interpretation is that it is negative because it is a
downward vector.)
t2 = 66 / 1.75x0.5 t = 8.68s
f) v=u+at, so t= (v-u)/a = (-61.4 - (-25.5)) / -9.81
= -35.9 / -9.81
t = 3.66s.

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Worksheet 6 (cont.) Worksheet 7 (cont.)

2. 2.
a) S=ut+0.5at2 = 0 + 0.5x12.5x6.52 = 264m a) 15.2 km

b) v = u + at = 0 + 12.5x6.50 = 81.3ms-1 b) Total east = 6.2km. Total west = 9km

Final displacement = 2.8km west.
Conversion: 81.25 x 3.6 = 293kmhr-1.
3.
3. a) Rel.Vel = 500 - 600 = -100 kmhr-1 (west)
a) Conversion: 100 / 3.6 = 27.8ms-1. (Q appears to be moving west toward P)

b) b) 100km-1 (east)
S = ut = 27.8x1.2 = 33.3m.
4.
c) 75.0 - 33.3 - 4.2 = 37.5m a) 1.3ms-1 upstream

d) b) v = S/t so S = v.t = 1.3 x (60x60) = 4,600m

V2 = U2 + 2aS so a = (V2 - U2) / 2S
= (0 - (27.8)2) / 2x37.5 c) velocity downstream, v = 2.5 + 1.2 = 3.7ms-1.
= -772.8 / 75
a = -10.3ms-2. d) t = S/v = 4,600 / 3.7 = 1,243s (about 21 minutes)
e)
v=u+at, so t= (v-u)/a 5. a)
= (0-27.8) / -10.3 = 2.70s. car J
N 60 km/hr
4.
a) v = u + at so u = v - at W E 90 km/hr
= 0 - (-9.81)x5.75 S
= 56.4ms-1.
car M
b) b)
S=ut+0.5at2 = 56.4x5.75 + 0.5x(-9.81)x(5.75)2 Rel. Vel of M = -90 + (-60) = -150kmhr-1.
= 324.3 - 162.2
S = 162.1m (J sees M moving west at 150kmhr-1)

c) c)
(The downward movement begins with the ball Rel.Vel of J = +60 + 90 = 150kmhr-1. (east)
stopped at the apex of its flight, so u=0. We know
the height of fall is -162.1m (down). Acceleration is d) approach velocity = 150kmhr-1 = 41.7ms-1.
-9.81ms-2. We want to find time.)
Time to cover 500m, t = S/v = 500/41.7 = 12s
S = ut + 0.5at2 u=0, so S = 0.5at2
so t2 = 2S/a = 2x(-162.1) / -9.81 = 33.05
Worksheet 8
t = 5.75s

(Notice that the time to fall down under gravity is 1.

R
the same as the time to climb up against gravity. R2 = 1.8 2 + 2.42
1.8km
The ball will also achieve the same speed = 9.0 φ
(downwards) as its launch speed upwards.) 2.4km
∴R= 9
= 3.0 km
Worksheet 7
1. X
Tan φ = 1.8 / 2.4
m

a) diag. = 0.75
k
20

∴ φ ≅ 37o N of W
Y (this angle is 307o clockwise from
km

north, ∴ bearing = 307o)

70

b) X is 90km NE of Z.
Kali is 3.0km from starting point, on bearing 307o.
Z

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Worksheet 8 (cont.)
6.
a) diag. φ
2.

tim
R2 = 3502 + 452 350 kmhr-1 b)

2.80m

ber
= 124,525 φ
45 kmhr-1 R2 = 1.502 + 2.802

=R
R = 10.09
∴ R = 124,525
= 353 kmhr-1 ∴ R = 10.09
= 3.18 m
Tan φ = 45 / 350
= 0.1286 He needs to cut the timber to 1.50m
∴ φ ≅ 7o S of W be 3.18m long.
(this angle is 263o clockwise from
north, ∴ bearing = 263o) c)
Tan φ = 1.50 / 2.80
Ground speed is 353kmhr-1 on bearing 263o. = 0.5357
∴ φ ≅ 28o
3.
R2 = 0.752 + 1.22 1.2ms-1 It will meet the wall at an angle of 28o.
= 2.0025
0.75ms-1
∴ R = 2.0025 φ R
= 1.42 ms-1 Worksheet 9
1. km
Tan φ = 1.2 / 0.75 a) A = 20
= 1.6 tor Ay
Ay = 20.sin20 = 6.8km north vec
∴ φ ≅ 58o E of N 20o
∴ bearing = 58o Ax = 20.cos20 = 18.8km east Ax
Actual velocity is 1.42ms-1 on bearing 58o. b)
By = 225.sin55 = 184ms-1 south

4. 150km Bx = 225.cos55 = 129ms-1 east

R2 = 1502 + 4002 A
φ
= 182,500 c) Careful! Angle measured differently.

∴ R = 182,500 Cy = 60.cos40 = 46kmhr-1 north

400km

= 427 km
R Cx = 60.sin40 = 39kmhr-1 west
Tan φ = 400 / 150
= 2.6666 d) Check how angle is measured!
∴ φ ≅ 69o S of E 8 00m
(this angle is 159o clockwise from D= 70o Dy
north, ∴ bearing = 159o)
B Dy = 800.cos70 = 273m south Dx
Town B is 427km from A, on bearing 159o.
Dx = 800.sin70 = 752m west
5. (-Vx) = 250kmhr -1

R2 = 2502 + 4002 e)
= 222,500 Ey = 4200.sin10 = 729km south
-1
VZ = 400kmhr

∴ R = 222,500 Ex = 4200.cos10 = 4,136km east

= 472 kmhr-1 R
φ 2.
Tan φ = 250 / 400 Vy = 950.sin60 = 823ms-1
1
ms -

= 0.625
∴ φ ≅ 32o W of N Vx = 950.cos60 = 475ms-1
0

Vy
95

(this angle is 328o clockwise from

V=

north, ∴ bearing = 328o)

60o
Seen from X, plane Z is approaching at 472kmhr-1
flying on bearing 328o. (X sees Z approx SE) Vx
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Worksheet 9 (cont.) Px N Worksheet 10 (cont.)

3. 2.
a) W E
Py = 382.cos30 = 331m north S Scale:
Py
1cm = 20 kmhr-1

2m
30o

38
b)

P=
120 kmhr-1
Px = 382.sin30 = 191m east
φ
4.

60 kmhr-1
Bearing 240o is 60o W of S as shown.
Re
Sy = 22.cos60 = 11 kmhr-1 south su
lta
60o nt

The resultant measures approx. 6.8cm.

5. Applying the scale gives the plane’s
a) groundspeed as 136kmhr-1.
Ty = 10.sin25 = 4.2m up
Angle φ measures about 25o. This gives a
b) compass bearing of 115o.
Tx = 10.cos25 = 9.1m horizontally

6. 3. measured from graph:

Bearing 300o gives an angle as shown. a) approx 9.3cm = 930ms-1.
E
=
a) 6,0 b) 40o
Ey = 6,000.sin30 Ey 00
m
= 3,000m north 30o c) 600ms-1

b) Ex d) 700ms-1
Ex = 6,000.cos30 = 5,196m west
4.
7. Scale:
1cm = 10m b)
Vy = 750.sin45 = 530ms-1 north

Vx = 750.cos45 = 530ms-1 east

Comparison: they are equal. a)

Learn this: whenever the angle is 45o, the x & y
components will be equal. c)

Worksheet 10 t φ
1.
u l tan
R es
d)

Construct & measure

this resultant vector.
Measure the angle shown
φ by protractor

Resultant displacement vector = approx 4.5cm.

Applying the scale = 45m from start point.
By measurement, the ship is approx. 78km from its
starting point, on compass bearing 40o. Angle φ = approx 63o.
This gives a compass bearing of 243o.

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