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A Hypothesis Is A Tentative Statement About The: Relationship Between Two or More Variables

The document discusses hypothesis in research. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables that can be tested. A hypothesis is formulated early in a research study to guide the investigation. It explains that hypotheses can be generated from previous studies, personal experiences, observations, theories, or imagination. The document also outlines the main functions of a hypothesis as helping to test or suggest theories and describe phenomena. Finally, it categorizes different types of hypotheses such as descriptive, relational, null vs alternative, and universal vs statistical hypotheses.

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67 views4 pages

A Hypothesis Is A Tentative Statement About The: Relationship Between Two or More Variables

The document discusses hypothesis in research. It defines a hypothesis as a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables that can be tested. A hypothesis is formulated early in a research study to guide the investigation. It explains that hypotheses can be generated from previous studies, personal experiences, observations, theories, or imagination. The document also outlines the main functions of a hypothesis as helping to test or suggest theories and describe phenomena. Finally, it categorizes different types of hypotheses such as descriptive, relational, null vs alternative, and universal vs statistical hypotheses.

Uploaded by

Gaurav Vgm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

Hypothesis is one of the fundamental tools for research in any


kind of investigation. it is the second step to follow in any
kind of research process. The research activities are planned
to verify the hypothesis. It is very essential for a research
worker to understand the meaning and nature of hypothesis.
The researcher always plan or formulate a hypothesis in the
beginning of the problem.
A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or
more variables. It is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to
happen in a study. For example, a study designed to look at the relationship
between sleep deprivation and test performance might have a hypothesis that
states, "This study is designed to assess the hypothesis that sleep-deprived
people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleep
deprived.

MAIN SOURCES OF HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis may be formulated through a number of is sources. Following


are the main sources of hypothesis:

1 . Previous Study
2. Personal Experience:

3. Imagination & Thinking

4. Observation

5. Scientific Theory

6. Culture
FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHESIS

A hypothesis, which is a provisional formulation, plays significant role in


empirical or socio-legal research. It not only navigates research in a proper
direction but also contributes in testing or suggesting theories and describing a
social or legal phenomenon.

Test theories: A hypothesis, when empirically proved, helps us in testing an


existing theory. A theory is not a mere speculation, but it is built upon facts.

Suggest new theories: A hypothesis, even though related to some existing


theory, may, after tested, reveal certain ‘facts’ that are not related to the
existing theory or disclose relationships other than those stated in the theory.
It does not support the existing theory but suggests a new theory.

Describe social phenomenon: A hypothesis also performs a descriptive


function. Each time a hypothesis is tested empirically, it tells us something
about the phenomenon it is associated with.

Suggest social policy: A hypothesis, after its testing, may highlight such ‘ills’ of
the existing social or legislative policy. In such a situation, the tested
hypothesis helps us in formulating (or reformulating) a social policy. It may
also suggest or hint at probable solutions to the existing social problem(s) and
their implementation. The hypotheses play significant role in the scientific
studies.

TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF HYPOTHESIS

(a) Descriptive Hypothesis


Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the
characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. This
methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject rather than
the “why” of the research subject.

b . Relational Hypothesis

A relational hypothesisis a statement about the relationship between two


variables with respect to some case.

c . Null Hypothesis & Alternative Hypothesis

The null hypothesis, is an essential part of any research design, and is always
tested, even indirectly.

The 'null' often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative
hypothesis is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of a phenomenon.

d. Universal and Statistical Hypothesis

Universal hypothesis tells about a phenomenon or relationship between


variables which are true all the time and at all places. Statistical Hypothesis
talks about probability.

(a) Working Hypothesis

Working Hypothesis is a casual relationship between different facts that are


formed by way of earlier observation and probability.

PROCESS FOR THE FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS

Observation: Observation is the first stage of formulating hypothesis.

1. Reflection: We see number of child marriages and also find


uneducated people there. Now we anticipate a relation which is based
on experience. We anticipate a relation which is based on experience.
We now formulate an answer that child marriages are common among
uneducated people and this answer is hypothesis.

2. Deduction or induction: : In deductive thinking process goes from the


general to the specific. This process begins with general hypothesis and
proceeds towards specific hypothesis. Induction is a process that goes
from specific to general. It begins with data and observations and
proceeds towards hypothesis or theories.

3. Verification: This is the last stage. In this we actually test our


hypothesis.

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