International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2, July 2019

IoT based Home Automation System with

Pattern Recognition
Ritvik Iyer, Antara Sharma

the house [3]. For example, we can monitor the temperature or

Abstract: Automation has numerous applications. This paper lights, get notified of any intruder trying to break in, and so
proposes a home automations system which can be effectively on. Another massive advantage of this project is that it will
used to control and monitor home appliances using the internet. help the differently abled and the aged in performing basic
Due to its various advantages, home automation is gaining more
and more popularity day by day because of its ability to ensure tasks at home.
security and make life much easier. In the system, arduino will be
interfaced with multiple sensors that can measure temperature & II. LITERATURE REVIEW
humidity, light, motion, and so on. The data collected by the
various sensors is stored and a pattern analysis is done on the Rozita Teymourzadeh, Ceng, Salah Addin Ahmed, Kok Wai
stored data which tells the user at which time the appliances are Chan, and Mok Vee Hoong have made use of the Global
usually on or off so that they can be automatically controlled System for Mobile communication (GSM) technology to
without any human intervention by observing the regular usage control various home appliances via Short Message Service
pattern. The user can also turn on/off any appliance remotely (SMS). Home owners will be notified whenever any
using the internet.
appliance is switched on/off using the mobile [12]. Ana
Index Terms: Arduino, Home Automation, Internet of Things, Marie. D Celebre, Ian Benedict A. Medina, Alec Zandrae D.
Pattern Analysis, Sensors, Web Server
Dubouzet, Adrian Neil M. Surposa, and Engr. Reggie C.
Gustilo have made use of Apple’s Siri’s capability of speech
I. INTRODUCTION
recognition as a controlling method of the home appliances.
Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most upcoming Raspberry Pi is used for interfacing with the appliances and
technologies which can be used for managing and controlling SiriProxy is installed on the Raspberry Pi as the proxy server
any object by connecting it to the internet [11]. IoT can be [1]. The drawback in this is that the system is only available to
used in various applications of automation where automation Apple users. There is no application which enables android
is the process of operating or controlling various applications user to use this system. Sharon Panth and Mahesh Jivani are
or equipment with less or no human intervention [17]. using Bluetooth technology in their project for controlling
Automation can be categorized depending on their apliances such as lights, fans, etc using a relay. It has the
application such as industrial automation, building capability of controlling one to twenty four different
automation, home automation, etc. The complexity of life has appliances in the household [14]. However, this system only
significantly reduced with the advancement in automation works with android phones and also, since it uses bluetooth
technology. Everyday, manual systems are being replaced by technology, the range for controlling the appliances is very
automatic systems [2]. With the ever increasing internet users limited. Sarthak Jain, Anant Vaibhav, and Lovely Goyal have
over the past few years, it has become a part of everyone’s life designed a home automation system using Raspberry Pi
[2]. IoT is the latest emerging internet technology. This through reading the subject of the e-mail. The algorithm used
project is about home automation using IoT. Home has been developed in python environment and LEDs are
Automation is the name given to the process of controlling used to indicate switching actions [5]. To resolve a few
and monitoring home appliances using various methods such problems in the above systems, wifi technology should be
as SMS, E-mail, Bluetooth, World Wide Web, etc. Electronic used for a much wider range of communication. A pattern
appliances such as light, fan, and so on, can be controlled analysis can also be performed on the data collected by the
using different control techniques via interfacing them with a sensors. This will make the system much more energy
relay. The system uses a web server to control a few home efficient as it will have the ability to automatically switch
functions or features using the internet from anywhere around on/off appliances based on regular usage pattern
the world [2]. This will not only save human energy, but also
help in conserving electricity. This makes the residents life III. FEATURES OF ARDUINO MEGA 2560
much organized. Arduino is used as the microcontroller board
This is a microcontroller board based on ATmega2560. It has
for interfacing with the sensors and the appliances. The ability
54 digital input/output pins, 4 serial ports, 16 analog pins, a
of the project to monitor remotely can be used for control and
16 MHz crystal oscillator, a power jack, a USB connection,
safety by letting us know what is going on in different parts of
an ICSP header, and a reset button[16]. The power supply to
the board can be provided
Revised Manuscript Received on July 10, 2019. using a USB cable, or by
Ritvik Iyer, School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT
University, Vellore, India. connecting a AC-to-DC
Antara Sharma, School of Information Technology and Engineering, adapter or using a bettery.
VIT University, Vellore, India.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B2060078219/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B2060.078219 3925 & Sciences Publication
 IoT based Home Automation System with Pattern Recognition

• Temperature sensor : DHT11 is the sensor used in this

project. It provides humidity and temperature details
concurrently.
• PIR motion sensor : It is a digital sensor which
provides a high output when motion is detected and a
low output when no motion is sensed. It has a 120
degree detecting angle.
• Light sensor : The sensor used is an analog sensor
which makes use of GL5528 photoresistor to
observe the intensity of light.
• Relay : It is basically a digital switch that is used for
switching voltages and currents [18]. The relay
Fig. 1 Arduino Mega 2560 board performs switching actions based on the input
provided by the user.
The programming on Mega 2560 can be done using the • LCD RGB backlight : It is a colorful LCD display
Arduino Software IDE. The board has 256 KB of flash which uses I2C protocol to communicate with the
memory for code storage, 4KB of EEPROM and 8KB of microcontroller.
SRAM[16]. • Base shield V2 : A base shield helps the project look
much cleaner and presentable by avoiding the use of
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE jumper cables and bread board. It makes it much
The design for the proposed home automation system is given more convenient for us to connect multiple sensors
in Fig. 2. The system consists of different sensors like motion, with the microcontroller.
temperature, and light and actuators such as buzzer, led, LCD • Buzzer : It is a digital actuator which produces a sound
whenever it detects a high output.
display, etc.
B. Software Components
• Arduino IDE : Arduino software IDE is used for
conveniently writing the code and uploading it to the
board. The software can be used with any Arduino
board [19].
• Storage : All the data collected from various sensors
will be stored so that they can be referenced at
anytime and anywhere.
• Web server : A web server needs to be hosted to be
used as a user interface for connecting to the home
automation system and perform monitoring and
controlling actions.

V. IMPLEMENTATION
Initially the Arduino mega 2560 is connected to all the
different sensors and also the electronic appliances using
relay. A threshold value is set for all the sensors such as the
minimum intensity, or the minimum temperature upon
exceeding which the user will be notified. The
microcontroller is also connected to the ESP8266 wi-fi
module which provides internet connectivity to the system by
making use of its integrated TCP/IP protocol stack. A
Fig. 2 System Architecture working model of the system can be seen in Fig. 3.

A. Hardware Components
• Arduino Mega 2560 : It is a developer board based on
ATmega2560 microcontroller [16]. It has memory
for code storage and the coding can be done using
Arduino software IDE.
• Wi-Fi module : The module used in this project is
ESP8266. It has an integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
that gives the Arduino mega 2560 microcontroller
access to the wi-fi network. It also has storage
capability.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B2060078219/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
3926 & Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B2060.078219
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2, July 2019

Fig. 3 Working setup of the system

A web is hosted using the ESP8266 which is used by the user

for interacting with the system. The user can log on to the web Fig. 4 Arduino software IDE
server and switch on/off any home appliance that he wants
from anywhere around the world. The different sensors are The best aspect of the project is that pattern analysis is
continuously sensing information and the data collected is performed on the data collected and stored by the various
stored. Whenever the threshold is breached, the user is sensors. As mentioned before, the time of operation of all the
notified of the same and the required action can be taken. The connected appliances is also recorded. This data is analyzed
light sensor reads the intensity of light in the room. A to come up with an approximate regular usage pattern of
threshold intensity is set. If the value sensed is less than the appliances such as lights, fan, and so on such that these
threshold, user will be notified of the same and he can then appliances are automatically switched on/off everyday
choose to switch the light on if required. Same way, the according to their usual time of operation. However, the user
temperature sensor senses the temperature and the humidity has the ability to manually change the mode of operation of
the appliances depending on his need. To demonstrate the
simultaneously and displays the information through the LCD
pattern analysis feature, I have taken one min as usage cycle
RGB backlight. Also, the user is notified if the temperature
of the user to identify the pattern. The same can be easily
crosses the set threshold so that he can decide whether to
extended to analyze user’s pattern in a one day or one week
switch on the fan or not. The PIR motion sensor is a digital cycle. One minute cycle has been used for demonstration
sensor which when senses any motion around it, will force the purpose. Whenever the user performs any controlling action
buzzer to sound and also inform the user of any movement. such as switching the light on/off, all these details are saved in
The sensor also records the exact time at which it encountered the excel sheet such as if the action is switching on or
movement and when exactly the movement stopped. This switching off, the time at which the action was performed (in
helps the user get notified of any intruder trying to break in, sec), etc. Then, 10 seconds interval are taken to see if the user
and hence, enhancing the security of the house. Same way, it has switched on the lights more, or off in that interval. This is
is also recorded everyday the time at which the lights or fan learned and when the next time that interval is encountered,
were on/off and all this information is stored so that the user the same action is performed automatically. Thus, it
has easy access to the information whenever required. The understands the user’s pattern of usage and automates it. The
home appliances such as lights, fan, and so on are connected user can still manually change the desired action if he desires
with the Arduino mega 2560 using a relay. A relay acts as a a different outcome.
switch. Suppose a light is on and the user decides to remotely
switch it off through the web browser, Arduino then tells the
relay to turn off after which the relay stops the current and
voltage flow to the light switching it off. The coding to make
all these features possible is done through the Arduino
software IDE which makes it much easier to write the code
and directly upload it to the microcontroller. Fig. 4. displays
an example of the same.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B2060078219/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B2060.078219 3927 & Sciences Publication
 IoT based Home Automation System with Pattern Recognition

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home appliances which enables the user to remotely access
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switching on/off the light, fan, and so on without having to AUTHORS PROFILE
depend on others.
Ritvik Iyer received his B.Tech degree in Computer
REFERENCES Science from VIT University, Vellore, India. He is
1. Ana Marie. D Celebre, Ian Benedict A. Medina, Alec Zandrae D. currently working as a Consulting Engineer at Cisco,
Dubouzet, Adrian Neil M. Surposa, and Engr. Reggie C. Gustilo, India. His area of interest includes Machine Learning
“Home automation using RaspberryPi through Siri enabled mobile and Computer Networks.
devices,” in Proc. 8th IEEE International Conference Humanoid,
Nanotechnology, Information Technology Communication and
Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM) The Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (IEEE) – Philippine Section
9-12 December 2015, Waterfront Hotel, Cebu City, Philippines

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B2060078219/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
3928 & Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B2060.078219
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-2, July 2019

Antara Sharma received her B.Tech degree from VIT

University, Vellore, India. She is currently working as a
Consulting Engineer at Cisco, B India. Her area of interest
includes Automation, Computer Networks and Database
Management.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: B2060078219/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B2060.078219 3929 & Sciences Publication