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Lab 1

This document provides instructions for a laboratory assignment involving sampling and signal processing. Students are asked to sample various analog sinusoidal signals, analyze the resulting discrete-time sequences, investigate aliasing effects, and consider implications of sampling rate. Key tasks include plotting sampled sequences from given frequencies, analyzing changes in apparent frequency and potential polarity reversals, distinguishing distinguishable sequences, and determining periodicity and frequencies of new sequences formed from the given ones. Proper labeling of plots and inclusion of legends is required.

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sunshine heaven
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52 views3 pages

Lab 1

This document provides instructions for a laboratory assignment involving sampling and signal processing. Students are asked to sample various analog sinusoidal signals, analyze the resulting discrete-time sequences, investigate aliasing effects, and consider implications of sampling rate. Key tasks include plotting sampled sequences from given frequencies, analyzing changes in apparent frequency and potential polarity reversals, distinguishing distinguishable sequences, and determining periodicity and frequencies of new sequences formed from the given ones. Proper labeling of plots and inclusion of legends is required.

Uploaded by

sunshine heaven
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laboratory 1 (Due by noon on April 19, 2021 for

Monday lab section and by noon on April 22, 2021 for


Thursday lab section. Deadlines are strictly imposed.
Late submissions will not be accepted.)
Worth 200 points
Answer all questions and include all figures in your lab
report

April 7, 2021

1. [worth 110 points total] Consider the following analog sinusoidal signal:
xa (t) = sin(2πF0 t + φ)
The above signal, when sampled at a rate of Fs Hz. (samples/sec.), or alternately, with
a sampling period of Ts = F1s sec., will generate the following discrete sequence:
 
 F0 
x[n] = xa (t) = sin(2πF0 nTs + φ) = sin  2π n + φ = sin(2πf0 n + φ),

t=nTs  Fs 
|{z}
:=f0

where f0 = FF0s is the frequency of x[n] and ω0 = 2πf0 = 2πF


Fs
0
= Ω0
Fs
is its angular
frequency. For the problems below, use Fs = 8 KHz. and φ = 0.
(a) Suppose F0 = 300 Hz. Sample x1 (t) over 0 ≤ t ≤ 10 msec., with the first sample
(n = 0) picked when t = 0. The preceding statement should tell you the range of n to
consider, n = 0 to n = what? After you have determined a proper range for n, stem
plot x[n] over that range of n. (10 points)
(b) Repeat part (a), except set F0 = 100 : 125 : 475 Hz., in MATLAB notation. This
should generate 4 plots. Use MATLAB’s subplot function to generate a 4-panel figure
of the generated discrete signals. Note that the apparent frequency of the sampled
sequences seems to be increasing, as is expected. (20 points)

1
(c) Repeat part (b), except set F0 = 7525 : 125 : 7900 Hz., in MATLAB notation. This
should generate 4 plots. Use MATLAB’s subplot function to generate a 4-panel figure
of the generated discrete signals. Note that the apparent frequency of the sampled
sequences seems to be decreasing as F0 is increasing, which is not expected. Also,
do you observe a polarity reversal effect in the sampled sequences (you should if your
code is correct)? Explain in detail what is going on here, including the polarity reversal
effect. (40 points)
Hint: You will need to make use of the trigonometric identity sin(θ) = −sin(2kπ − θ),
where k is some integer.
(d) Repeat part (c), except set F0 = 32100 : 125 : 32475 Hz., in MATLAB notation.
This should generate 4 plots. Use MATLAB’s subplot function to generate a 4-panel
figure of the generated discrete signals. Note that the apparent frequency of the sampled
sequences seems to be again increasing as F0 is increasing. How do these plots compare
with the ones you produced in part(b)? Explain in detail what is going on here. (40
points)

2. [worth 60 points total] Consider the following sinusoidal signals:

x1 (t) = cos(20πt) and x2 (t) = cos(60πt)

The above signals are sampled at Fs = 40 Hz. Let the corresponding sampled signals
be denoted by x1 [n] and x2 [n] respectively. Only the last part needs to be finished in
the lab.
(a) What is the folding frequency? (5 points)
(b) Write down expressions for x1 [n] and x2 [n]. (10 points)
(c) Write down the frequencies F1 and F2 (in Hz) for x1 (t) and x2 (t) and the frequencies
f1 and f2 (in samples/sec.) for x1 [n] and x2 [n]. How are the discrete time frequencies
related to the continuous time frequencies? (10 points)
(d) Are the sequences x1 [n] and x2 [n] periodic? Explain why or why not. (5 points)
(e) Do you expect aliasing to occur when sampling x1 (t)? How about x2 (t)? Explain
your answers clearly. If you expect aliasing to occur, what frequencies would f1 and f2
be aliased to? (20 points)
(e) ‘Stem’ plot x1 [n] and x2 [n] on one figure for 0 ≤ n ≤ 29, but use different colors.
Make sure the axes are labeled and add a legend. Are the two sequences distinguish-
able? Explain your observation. (10 points)
 
3. [worth 10 points] Generate and plot the sequence x[n] = cos √nπ23 for 0 ≤ n ≤ 49.
Is the sequence periodic? Explain why or why not.

4. [worth 20 points total] Consider the sinusoidal signal xa (t) = sin(2πF0 t).

2
(a) Suppose that F0 = 2 kHz and Fs = 50 kHz. Plot the signal x[n] for 0 ≤ n ≤ 100.
What is the frequency f0 of x[n]? (5 points)
(b) Plot the signal y[n] created by taking the even numbered (i.e., n = 0, 2, 4, . . . )
samples of x[n] and plotting it for n = 0, 1, 2, · · · , 50. Is y[n] a sinusoidal signal? If so,
what is its frequency? (15 points)

Note: Irrespective of whether explicit instructions have been provided or not,


all plots must be properly labeled, and a legend included if necessary.

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