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Mathematics
00 11

Quarter 1 - Module 4

 Illustrate geometric sequence.

 Differentiate geometric sequence from
an arithmetic sequence.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Sub-topic: Arithmetic Sequence and Geometric Sequence

PROCEDURE
A. Preliminaries
Do you remember the sitting arrangement done last year when you took the NCAE? There
were 30 students in each room. The table 1 shows that the number of students varies directly as
the number of rooms or as the number of rooms increases, the number of students also
increases. Can you guess the number of students when there are 12 rooms used? Table 1 is an
example of Arithmetic Sequence.
Table 1
No. of Rooms 1 2 3 4 5 6
No. of Students 30 60 90 120 150 180

Suppose that the number of a certain bacteria grows as shown in table 2 below. At the start,
there are only 1, 000 bacteria and after 1 hour the number of bacteria is doubled. It is consistent that
based from the observation, the number of bacteria is always doubled every hour. Can you tell the
number of bacteria after 7 hours? 10 hours? Table 2 is an example of Geometric Sequence.
Table 2
No. of Hours 0 1 2 3 4
No. of Bacteria 1000 2000 4000 8000 16000

B. Lesson Proper
a) Teaching / Modeling
Facts observed in Table 1:
1. The sequence of the number of students is 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180.
2. This is an arithmetic sequence.
3. The first term is increased by 30 to get the second term, and the second term is
increased by 30 to get the third term, and so forth and so on.
Facts observed in Table 2:
1. The sequence of the number of bacteria is 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000.
2. This is a geometric sequence.
3. The first term is multiplied by 2 to get the second term, and the second term is
multiplied by 2 to get the third term, and so on.

C. Guide Questions
1. What have you observed about the differences of the arithmetic and geometric sequence?
2. Can you tell the number of students who took the NCAE if there were 12 rooms used during
the examination?
3. How many bacteria would there be after 7 hours if we consider the data in table 2?
4. Can you define arithmetic sequence? geometric sequence?

ACTIVITY 1
A. State whether each of the following sequences is arithmetic or geometric.
1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, …
2. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, …
3. 7, 14, 28, 56, 112, …
4. 5, 20, 80, 320, …
5. 7 √2 , 5 √2 , 3 √2 , √2 , …
Example 1: Examine the sequence 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, …
Step 1: Subtract the second term by the first term.
d = 17 – 12 = 5 (d = right term – left term)
Step 2: Check if the difference between the third term and the second term is the
same with step 1.
d = 22 – 17 = 5 (d = right term – left term)
Step 3: Therefore, the sequence 12, 17, 22, 27, 32, … has a common difference, d.
2

Example 2: Examine the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 …

Step 1: Divide the second term by the first term.
6
r = = 3 (r = right term divided by the left term)
2
Step 2: Check the result if the same operation is applicable to get the third term.
18
r = = 3 (r = right term divided by the left term)
6
Step 3: Therefore, the sequence 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 …has a common ratio, r.

ACTIVITY 2
A. State whether each of the following sequences is arithmetic or geometric:
1. 3, 9, 27, 81, 243 …
2. 7, 21, 63, 189, 567 …
3. 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 …
4. 5, 25, 45, 65, 85 …
5. 2, 8, 32, 128, 512…

 Arithmetic Sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is obtained by adding the
same constant, called the common difference.
 Common Difference is a constant added to each term of an arithmetic sequence to obtain the
next term of the sequence.
 Geometric Sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is obtained by multiplying
the preceding term by a nonzero constant called the common ratio.
 Common Ratio is a constant multiplied to each term of a geometric sequence to obtain the
next term of the sequence.
ACTIVITY 3
A. State whether each of the following sequences is arithmetic or geometric:
1. 4, 12, 36, 108, 324, …
2. -4, 13, 30, 47, 64, …
3. 3, -6, 12, -24, -72, …
4. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, …
5. -3, 3, -3, 3, -3, …

ACTIVITY 4
A. Answer the following:
1. Define arithmetic sequence and geometric sequence.
2. What is the common difference? Common ratio?

B. State whether the given sequence is an arithmetic or geometric:

3. 77, 70, 63, 56, 49, …
4. 6400, -1600, 400, -100, 25, …
5. 6, 30, 150, 750, 3750, …

Sub-topic: nth Term of a Geometric Sequence

PROCEDURE
A. Preliminaries
All of us, young and old, boys and girls are delighted with the amazing help brought by
cellphones in our lives. We text our friends many times every day. Have you ever counted the
number of texts you send every day? Do you receive text that tells you to send it also to two of
you friends? How many persons will receive that message after the 7 rounds or chained
messages? This situation is an example of Geometric Sequence.
This lesson will help you find solution to problems which involve geometric sequence.

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY 1 (Paper Folding)

(Let the students perform the activity and tell them to record the results in the provided table below.)

Number of Folds 0 1 2 3
Area

1. Count the squares in a ½ sheet of graphing paper.

2. Fold the graph paper into two equal parts. How many squares does one side have?
3. Fold again the graph paper into equal parts and again, count the number of squares.
4. Repeat the process three times and record the results in the table below.
Guide Questions:
1. How many squares does a ½ sheet of graphing paper have at the start of the activity?
2. How many squares after the first fold (one side only)? After the second fold (one side only)?
After the third fold (one side only)?
3. Is there a pattern in the number of squares obtained after three folds?
4. Can you guess the number of squares of a side after the fourth fold?
5. Can you make an equation or formula based from that activity?
To solve problem about geometric sequence, you must understand first the concept of common
ratio. The exercises below will help you conceptualize the meaning of a ratio (r).

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY 2
(Find the ratio of the second number to the first.)
1. 3 27
2. -3 -81
3. 4 16
4. 5 40
5. 7 112

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY 3
(Terminologies in the geometric sequence.)
Other Ways to Write the Term
Term
In Factored Form In Exponential Form
a1 = 2 2 2 x 50
a2 = 10 2 x 5 2 x 51
a3 = 50 2 x 5 x 5 2 x 52
a4 = 250 2 x 5 x 5 x 5 2 x 53

an = ?

Geometric Sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the
preceding term by a nonzero constant called the common ratio.

an = a1rn – 1
Where:
an - last term
a1 - first term
r - common ratio
n - number of terms (or position of the term)

Example 1: Find the missing terms in the geometric sequence 6, 12, 24, __, __.
Step 1: Divide the second term by the first term to find the common ratio, 12 ÷ 6 = 2,
therefore the common ratio, r = 2.
Step 2: Multiply the third term by the common ratio to find the fourth term, 24 x 2 = 48.
Step 3: Multiply the fourth term by the common ratio to find the fifth term, 48 x 2 = 96.
Answer: The missing terms are 48 and 96.
2

Example 2: Find the 7th term in the geometric sequence 7, 28, __, 448, __, __, 7 th.
 Step 1: Find the common ratio, r
r = term at the right divided by the term at the left
r = 28 ÷ 7 = 4
Step 2: Use the formula an = a1rn – 1 to find the last term or the 7th term.
an = a1rn – 1
a7 = 7(4)7 – 1
a7 = 7(4)6
a7 = 7(4096)
2
a7 = 28,672 (last term or the 7th term)

ACTIVITY 1
A. Supply the missing terms in the given geometric sequence:
1. 3, ___, 48, ___, 192, 768, ___
2. 8, 24, ___, ___, ___, ___
3. ___, ___, 4, 1, ___, ___
4. 2, -6, 18, ___, ___, ___
1 3
5. , ,___, ___, ___
2 4
B. Find the nth term of the given geometric sequence below:
1. 2, 6, 18, … 8th term
2. 5, 20, 80, … 11th term
3. 9, 54, … 7th term
4. ___, ___, 12, 48, … 12th term
5. ___, 18, ___, 72, … 13th term
6.

ACTIVITY 2
1. What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence 7, 21, 63, 189?
8 8
2. What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence 24, 8, , ?
3 9
3. What are the last number in this geometric sequence 7, 21, … 5 th?
4. What are the missing terms in the sequence 4, __, __, 108, __ ?
5. What is the last term in the geometrc sequence 16, 8, 4 … 8 th ?

ACTIVITY 3
1. Find the missing terms in the geometric sequence -2, __, __, -16, -32, -64.
2. What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence 3, -12, 48, -192, 768?
3. What is the last term in this geometric sequence 2, 14, …7 th?
4. What is the 10th term of the geometric sequence -3, 15, -75… ?
5. What is the 13th term in the sequence __, 4, __, 16, __, __, -128, …?

Name and Signature of Student: _______________________________ Section: ______________