Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Rivalry Among Existing Competitors

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 Raising input prices and hence squeeze the profitability

of an industry
Affected by :
 Concentration  Relative concentration
 Diversity of competitors  Switching costs
 Product level of differentiation  Product differentiation
 Perishable product  Few or no substitutes
Bargaining
 Excess capacity and exit barriers  Suppliers
power of serve many industries (low dependence on the
 High fixed costs and low marginal costs actual industrie)
suppliers
 Low industry growth  Potential for forward integration

Rivalry
Threat of  Threat
Relativeofprice and performance
among
New existing close
of substitutes
Entrants competitors substitutes
Industry characteristics of
substitutes
 Buyer propensity to substitute
Affected by barriers to entry :
 Capital & technological
requirements Bargaining
 Economies of Scale power of
buyers
 Network effects
 Customer switching costs  Lowering output prices and hence squeeze the
 Unequal access to profitability of an industry
suppliers & distributors Affected by :
 Legal restrictions  Relative concentration
 Brand loyalty  Switching costs
 Threat of retaliation  Product differentiation
 Buyers’ information
 Threat of backwards integration
 Degree of price sensitivity
(income level, need for quality)

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