Article Iii

ARTICLE III Section 6.
The liberty of abode and of changing the

same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be
BILL OF RIGHTS
impaired except upon lawful order of the court.
Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in
the interest of national security, public safety, or
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, public health, as may be provided by law.
or property without due process of law, nor shall any
person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on
matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their to official records, and to documents and papers
persons, houses, papers, and effects against pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever well as to government research data used as basis for
nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no policy development, shall be afforded the citizen,
search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
upon probable cause to be determined personally by
the judge after examination under oath or affirmation
of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce,
Section 8. The right of the people, including those
and particularly describing the place to be searched
employed in the public and private sectors, to form
and the persons or things to be seized.
unions, associations, or societies for purposes not
contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and

correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for
order of the court, or when public safety or order
public use without just compensation.
requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of

(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the
contracts shall be passed.
preceding section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.
Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial

bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the
denied to any person by reason of poverty.
freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or
the right of the people peaceably to assemble and
petition the government for redress of grievances.
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the
commission of an offense shall have the right to be
informed of his right to remain silent and to have
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an
competent and independent counsel preferably of his
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of
exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of
counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights
religious profession and worship, without
cannot be waived except in writing and in the
discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed.
presence of counsel.
No religious test shall be required for the exercise of
civil or political rights.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
any other means which vitiate the free will shall be shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or
used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, rebellion when the public safety requires it.
incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention
are prohibited.
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy
disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-
(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation judicial, or administrative bodies.
of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in
evidence against him.
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a
witness against himself.
(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions
for violations of this section as well as compensation
to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by
practices, and their families. reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
Section 13. All persons, except those charged with (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist
offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be shall have been duly convicted.
bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to
bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed,
the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted.
shall not be required. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for
compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the
Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion
criminal offense without due process of law. perpetua.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be (2) The employment of physical, psychological, or
presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and degrading punishment against any prisoner or
shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate
counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be
accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, dealt with by law.
and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face,
and to have compulsory process to secure the
attendance of witnesses and the production of Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or
evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, non-payment of a poll tax.
trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the
accused provided that he has been duly notified and
his failure to appear is unjustifiable. Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of
punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished
by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal
under either shall constitute a bar to another
prosecution for the same act.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder

shall be enacted.

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ARTICLE III Section 6.

The liberty of abode and of changing the

Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and

Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of

Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder

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