Part I.

Self from
Various
Perspectives
 Lesson 4.
From the
Perspective of
Psychology
Prepared by:
Ms. Jenny B. Sequiña
Objectives:
1. Analyze various psychological
constructs by different theorist and
comprehend how these ideas
influenced the self and identity
2. Differentiate various definition of selves
based on what is our understanding of
our individuality.
3. Defend stand on what is more
comprehensive in explaining and
understanding self.
Initial Activity: WHAT REMINDS YOU OF ME?
1. Students will be given 5-minutes time to chat
online or ask personally 20 persons to tell a
word or phrase of object, place or moment that
reminds that person of the student. (Suggested
are your closest friends or immediate family
members around you).
2. The student will consolidate the words said by
the persons he/she asked and place it in a bond
paper. Then, he/she will encircle at least five (5)
word/s that are obviously pertaining to him or
her and box at least five (5) word/s also that he
or she thinks is not connected to him/her or not
him/her at all.
Initial Activity: WHAT REMINDS YOU OF ME?
3. Afterwards, students will write down a
reflection pertaining to words he/she
boxed and encircled. Why does he/she
admitted that encircled words pertain to
him/her and why does that boxed words
are not?
4. Reflection will be written on the back part
of the bond paper composing of three to
five sentences.
keyboard Braid Milktea
ube
Gladiator Math
sandals pagkain
Dictionary JENNY violet
“Gutom “Maganda
ako” eyeglass ako.” Dangling
calligraphy favor earrings
 Lesson 4.
From the
Perspective of
Psychology
What is the
focus of
Psychology?
 1. The “Me” and “I” Self
• William James
• 1842-1910
• American Philosopher and
Psychologist
• “Theory of the Self”
 The Theory of Self
• Two parts of Self:
1. “Me” self- considered as a
separate object or individual that
the person refers when
discussing or describing about
their personal..
 The Theory of Self
• Two parts of Self:
1. “Me” self-
- Also known as EMPIRICAL ME
- Divided into three components:
a. Material self
b. Social self
c. Spiritual Self
 The Theory of Self
A. The Material Self
- consists of the things or objects that
belong to the person or entities that a
person belongs to.
 The Theory of Self
B. The Social Self- refers to who the
person is in a particular social
situation.
 The Theory of Self
C. The Spiritual Self- refers to the self
that is more concrete or
permanent when compared to the
material and social selves.
- Includes aspects like personality,
values and morals.
- Always engages in the process of
introspection
 The Theory of Self
• Two parts of Self:
1. “I” self- self that knows and
recognizes who they are and what
they have done.
- PURE EGO or THINKING SELF
- Similar to the person’s soul or mind
2. OTHER SELVES IN PSYCHOLOGY
A. The Global and Differentiated Self
B. The Real and Ideal Self Concepts
C. The True and False Selves
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
E. Individualistic and Collective self
Global Self
A. Global and Differentiated Self
• The Global Self
- It represents the overall value that
a person places upon himself.
- A product of all experiences that
he had in the society which
accounts for the kind of person he
presently is.
Differentiated Self
A. Global and Differentiated Self
• The Differentiated Self
- Murray Bowen (1913-1990)
- One of the developer of Family
Therapy and Systematic Therapy
A. Global and Differentiated Self
• The Differentiated Self
Two forces affecting the person:
A. Togetherness
B. Individuality
 B. Real and Ideal Self-Concepts
- Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
- American psychologist who
proposed the “Person-Centered
Theory”
 B. Real and Ideal Self-Concepts
Self-concept
• how person thinks about or
perceives himself; it could either
be:
1. Real self-concept
2. Ideal self-concept
 B. Real and Ideal Self-Concepts
1. Real-Self Concept
• Refers to all information and
perception the person has about
himself or herself.
• “Who am I?”
2. Ideal Self-Concept
• Refers to the model version the
person has for himself or herself.
• “Who I want to be?”
 C. True and False Self
- Donald Winnicott (1896-1971)
- English Pediatrician and
Psychoanalyst who studied about
the significance of play in child
development.
- Observed that child/people has
true and false selves.
 C. True and False Self
1. True self
• It is the individual who
recognizes his strengths and
accepts his limitations, enjoys
winning and success and learns
from mistakes and failures and
never afraid to try over again.
 C. True and False Self
2. False self
• maybe manifested as form of
defense
• It is the masks that hides the true
person for fear of the pain of
rejection and failure.
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
- Albert Bandura (1925-present)
- Proponent of Social Cognitive
theory- seen person as proactive
and agentic.
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
- Four Features of Human Agency:
1. Intentionality
2. Forethought
3. Self-reactiveness
4. Self-refectiveness
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
1. Intentionality
• refers actions performed by
the person intentionally or
with full awareness of his
behavior.
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
2. Forethought
• refers to person’s anticipation of
likely outcomes of his behavior.
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
3. Self-reactiveness
• refers to the process by
which the person is
motivated and regulates his
behavior as he observes his
progress in achieving his
goals.
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
3. Self-reflectiveness
• refers to the person looking
inward and evaluating his
motivations, values, life goals and
other people’s effect on him.
D. The Self as Proactive and Agentic
Self- Regulation
- It is minimizing
discrepancies between
what he has already
accomplished and
what he still wants to
achieve.
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
Individualistic Self
• A kind of self that has an
intention of living the life that
he chooses, making decisions,
acting upon these decisions
and taking the responsibility
for consequences.
• Practiced in Western countries
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
Collective Self
• A kind of self where the
identity of an individual is lost
and does not exist except as a
part of the group.
• It observed in the Eastern
countries.
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
Collective Self
• It is the family or society that
control how the group
members should think, act
and conduct themselves in
the society.
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
Collective Self
• It is the family or society that
control how the group
members should think, act
and conduct themselves in
the society.
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
Collective Self
• Confucius
• His philosophical concept is
centered on the REN and
manifested through
1. LI (propriety)
2. XIAO (filiality)
3. YI (rightness)
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
Collective Self
• REN
• human goodness
• No definite meaning but a
reflection of the person’s own
understanding of humanity
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
REN
1. LI (Propriety)
• Conforms to the norms of
humanity.
2. Xiao (Filiality)
• The virtue of respect and
reverence for family.
• The family is the reflection of
the person.
E. Individualistic and Collective Self
REN
3. YI (Rightness)
- The right way of behaving.
- Actions should be performed
because they are right and not
for selfish benefits.