Scribd
Upload
28 views5 pages

7 Processor

The document discusses the main components and functions of a processor. It explains that a processor contains over a billion integrated circuits on a die and is the main component that executes commands and programs. The processor fetches instructions from memory using a program counter and decodes them using an instruction set architecture. It then executes the instructions by connecting different parts of the CPU, such as performing arithmetic operations with the arithmetic logic unit. The document also categorizes processors into desktop and mobile types, noting that desktop processors have higher voltage and clock speeds while mobile processors have lower voltage but better clock to voltage ratios.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views5 pages

7 Processor

The document discusses the main components and functions of a processor. It explains that a processor contains over a billion integrated circuits on a die and is the main component that executes commands and programs. The processor fetches instructions from memory using a program counter and decodes them using an instruction set architecture. It then executes the instructions by connecting different parts of the CPU, such as performing arithmetic operations with the arithmetic logic unit. The document also categorizes processors into desktop and mobile types, noting that desktop processors have higher voltage and clock speeds while mobile processors have lower voltage but better clock to voltage ratios.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Meyla Yan Sari

3.34.13.1.10
IK-3B

Processor
Explaination About Processor
Processor or also known as CPU is an integrated circuit, its contain more than billion
ic in a dies. It is the main component of the computers for executing each command and
program. Processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic
instructions that drive a computer.
Two typical components of a CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which
performs arithmetic and logical operations, and the control unit (CU), which extracts
instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when
necessary.

Porcessor Sequence Operation


Fetch: The first step, fetch, involves retrieving an instruction (which is represented by a
number or sequence of numbers) from program memory. The instruction's location
(address) in program memory is determined by a program counter (PC), which stores a
number that identifies the address of the next instruction to be fetched. After an
instruction is fetched, the PC is incremented by the length of the instruction in terms of
memory units so that it will contain the address of the next instruction in the sequence.[c]
Often, the instruction to be fetched must be retrieved from relatively slow memory,
causing the CPU to stall while waiting for the instruction to be returned. This issue is
largely addressed in modern processors by caches and pipeline architectures (see below).

Decode: The instruction that the CPU fetches from memory is used to determine what the
CPU is to do. In the decode step, the instruction is broken up into parts that have
significance to other portions of the CPU. The way in which the numerical instruction
value is interpreted is defined by the CPU's instruction set architecture (ISA).[d] Often,
one group of numbers in the instruction, called the opcode, indicates which operation to
perform. The remaining parts of the number usually provide information required for that
instruction, such as operands for an addition operation. Such operands may be given as a
constant value (called an immediate value), or as a place to locate a value: a register or a
memory address, as determined by some addressing mode. In older designs the portions
of the CPU responsible for instruction decoding were unchangeable hardware devices.
However, in more abstract and complicated CPUs and ISAs, a microprogram is often
used to assist in translating instructions into various configuration signals for the CPU.
This microprogram is sometimes rewritable so that it can be modified to change the way
the CPU decodes instructions even after it has been manufactured.

Execute: After the fetch and decode steps, the execute step is performed. During this step,
various portions of the CPU are connected so they can perform the desired operation. If,
for instance, an addition operation was requested, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) will be
connected to a set of inputs and a set of outputs. The inputs provide the numbers to be
added, and the outputs will contain the final sum. The ALU contains the circuitry to
perform simple arithmetic and logical operations on the inputs (like addition and bitwise
operations). If the addition operation produces a result too large for the CPU to handle, an
arithmetic overflow flag in a flags register may also be set.

Category of Processor
There are 2 major category for processor, desktop and mobile processor. Both of them
used in different system and have their own minimum specification.
Desktop processor
Desktop processor used in the desktop and notebook, consume high voltage and high
clock speed. There are two popular manufacturer, amd and intel.
Mobile processor
This kind processor used in the mobile device, that have lower voltage than desktop.
Mobile processor have lower clock speed but better ratio at clock/voltage. Qualcomm
with its snapdragon, nvidia tegra, intel mobile, samsung exynos, apple a7, motorola with
X8 chip, etc. But between mobile and desktop processor have different market share.

You might also like