Study On The Diversity..... The Fauna of The Ethiopian Region

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Study on the diversity..... the fauna of the Ethiopian Region
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WOJCIECH NIEDBALA
STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY OF PTYCTIMOUS MITES

(ACARI, ORIBATIDA)
AND QUEST FOR CENTRES OF ITS ORIGIN:
THE FAUNA OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION
Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum, No. 3
WOJCIECH NIEDBALA
STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY OF PTYCTIMOUS MITES

(ACARI,ORIBATIDA)
AND QUEST FOR CENTRES OF ITS ORIGIN:
THE FAUNA OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION
II'
BYTOM 2001
Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum
Editorial board:
Roland Dobosz (Head Editor), Tadeusz B. Hadas, Beata Gabrys
Manuscript submission:
Department ofNatural History, Upper Silesian Museum
pl. Jana III Sobieskiego 2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
tel./fax. 48 (032) 281-34-01
e-mail: [email protected]
Volume editor:
Tadeusz B. Hadas
World List abbreviation: Monogr. up. si/es. Mus.
This paper has been prepared thanks to the financial support

by the Committee of Scientific Research in Warsaw
(grant no 6 P04C 062 17)
Issued 2 July 2001
© Copyright by Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom 2001
ISBN 83-908120-4-5
ISSN 1508-9851
Printed in Poland
CONTENTS
l. lntroduction 5
2. Study area and material 6
Acknowledgements 7
3. Phthiracaroidea ofthe Ethiopian region 8
3.1. Descriptions, redescriptions and diagnoses of species 8
3.1.1. Classification and list of species 8
3.1.2. Review of species 12
3.1.3. Keys for determination of genera, subgenera and species 69
3.2. Specificity and frequency of fauna 76
3.3. The fauna of the continent and the islands 77
304. Subregions and zoogeographical elements 78
3.5. Zoogeographic elements and subregions 78
3.5.1. Endemites 78
3.5.2. Ethiopian species 78
3.5.3. Widespread species 79
3.6. Distribution of generic-level taxa in subregions 79
3.7. Discussion 80
4. The Euphthiracaroidea of the Ethiopian region 81
4.1. Descriptions and redescriptions of species 81
4.1.1. List of species 81
4.1.2. Review of the species found in new localities 82
4.1.3. Keys for determination of genera, subgenera and species 90
4.2. Discussion 92
5. The Mesoplophoroidea of the Ethiopian region 94
5.1. Descriptions, redescriptions and diagnoses of species 94
5.1.1. Classification and list of species 94
5.1.2. Review of species 94
5.1.3. Keys for determination of subgenera and species 96
5.104. Discussion 97
6. The Ptyctima of the eastem Africa islands 98
7. The Ptyctima of Madagascar 101
8. Concluding remarks 102
References 105
Tables 109
Figures 145
lndex of Latin names 243
3
Studyon the diversity of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida)
and quest for centres of its origin: the fauna of the Ethiopian region
by
WOJCIECH NIEDBALA
Department of Animai Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University

Szamarzewskiego 91A, PL 60-569 Poznan
Abstraet. The fauna of pyctimous mites of Ethiopian region has been described and analysed.
The number of known species is 148. Description of 19 new species has been given (Phthiracarus
ochtus sp. nov. [rom lvory Coast; Ph. parapocsi sp. nov., Protophthiracarus araios sp. nov., Noto-
phthiracarus bicarinatus sp. nov., N. parasomalicus sp. nov., N. parasummersi sp. nov.,
N. parilloi sp. nov., N. procerus sp. nov., N. similis sp. nov., N. summersi sp. nov., Oribotritia
virgulata sp. nov. from Madagascar; Plonaphacarus ecphylus sp. nov., Pl. ngongi sp. nov. from
Kenya; Pl. styphelos sp. nov. from Tanzania; Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) spinatus sp. nov.,
S.(R.) succinctus sp. nov., N. puylaerti sp. nov. from Democratic Republic of Congo, Arphthicarus
notatus sp. nov. from Gabon; Pr. mayottei sp. nov. from Comoro Islands), 3 generic names and 13
specific names have been senonimised.
The fauna of Ptyctima (Acari, Oribatida) in the Ethiopian region is characterised by its great
specificity. Almost 85% of species found in the region do not occur outside it. The faunas of ptycti-
mous mites of the mainland and the islands differ significantly, and a greater number of species has
been found on the continent. The fauna of Madagascar is particularly specific. The highest number
of endemites and a large number of widespread species occur in the eastern part of the region.
A large number of Ethiopian species is found in Eastern Africa, reaching the centre of the continent.
Five genera: Austrophthiracarus, Arphthicarus, Notophthiracarus, Bukitritia and Euphthiracarus
(Euphthiracarus) occur also in Eastern Africa. The data suggest that the dispersion to the Ethiopian
region took place from the east (the Oriental region), from the south-east (the Australian region) and
from the south (South Africa). The Ethiopian region is the centre of speciation of the genus Stega-
nacarus, especially subgenus Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus), subspecies Euphthiracarus (Pocsia)
and lndotritia (Afrotritia); whereas the species of the subgenus Atropacarus (Atropacarus) were not
found there.
Key words: ptyctimous mites, Ethiopian region, origin, centre of speciation

l. INTRODUCTION
The ability of folding the aspidosoma under the opisthosoma to protect their append-
ages (= ptychoidy) characterizes the moss mites called Ptyctima (Acari, Oribatida). They
belong to two separate cohorts of primitive moss mites. The superfamilies Protoplophor-
oidea, ptychoid only in the adult stage and Mesoplophoroidea, ptyctimous in all ontoge-
netic stages, belong to Enarthronota, whereas the superfamilies Euphthiracaroidea and
Phthiracaroidea (both known as Euptyctima), ptychoid onI y in the adult stage, belong to
Mixonomata, so, ptychoidy is a convergent feature. The Euptyctima are macrophyto-
phagous and feed on dead organie matter of plant origin; the majority of them are xylo-
phagous. Living in litter and dead leaves, they create irregular galleries and cavities in
decayed wood (immature stages in particular), and take part in mechanical fragmentation
of organie matter, decomposition of organie materials, its humification and nutrient cy-
eling processes in soil (NIEDBALA2000).
Intense systematic studies of the fauna of ptyctimous mites of the world carried out in
the last two decades have proved the poor recognition of its status. Exploration of new
zoogeographic regions leads continuously to the discovery of new species.
The systematic and zoogeographic analysis of the ptyctimous species has shown the
regional character of this fauna. It ineludes many endemites and onI y a few widespread
species, which were usually introduced. Thus, the need to prepare keys for determination
af the faunas of particular zoogeographic regions seems justified. The aim of the paper is
to perform a zoogeographical survey on the ptyctimous mites in the Ethiopian region on
the basis of assessment of the knowledge of the Ptyctima fauna, distribution of species
and determination of their zoogeographical elements.
Recognition of the fauna of the Ethiopian region is a subsequent stage in the extensive
study of the Ptyctima of the world (NIEDBALA 1987, 1992, 1994b, 1998a, 1998b, 2000,
NIEDBALA and CORPuz-RAROS 1998, NIEDBALA and COLLOFF 1997, NIEDBALA and
SCHATZ1996). This paper presents all hitherto described species of the Phthiracaroidea
and Mesoplophoroidea of the Ethiopian region and this is the second work devoted to the
ptyctimous mites of this region after the one presenting the fauna of the Euphthiracaroidea
(NIEDBALA1998b).
The elassification of the Phthiracaroidea, made according to the eladistic mles, pro-
posed several years ago (NIEDBALA1986b, 1992) and later modified (NIEDBALA1994b) is
accepted herein. The systematic division of the Mesoplophoroidea is assumed after my
earlier work (NIEDBALA 1984d), whereas the elassification of the Euphthiracaroidea fol-
lows that of MAHUNKA(1990), as was done earlier (NIEDBALA1998b).
2. STUDY AREA AND MATERIAL
This paper reports the present state of knowledge of the fauna of Ptyctima (Phthiraca-
roidea, Euphthiracaroidea and Mesoplophoroidea) from the Ethiopian region including the
islands near the continent at the same latitude. The monograph excludes the species found
in Northern Africa, belonging to Palearctic and Southern Africa, which will be the subject
of a future work. The fauna of Southern Africa is, according to some sources, more simi-
lar to that of Australia and South America than to that of Central Africa (e.g. SCHNELL
1976).
The results have been inferred from many year studies of MAHUNKA(1978-1999) re-
ported in 25 papers and NIEDBALA(1982-1998) reported in 13 papers, mainly concerning
descriptions of new species. The material on which the analysis presented in this mono-
graph is based, includes the species examined by the author from collections of various
museums and institutions. Descriptions of localities are given in various languages as
originally written on labeis of the material kept in museums. Part of the material studied
belongs to newly described species, while another part to species already known, but
recorded in new localities. Particular specimens seJected from the sampies were subjected
to microscopic morphological analysis, identified or, when new, thoroughly described.
The type material of new species is deposited in the Department of Animai Taxonomy and
Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Sampies were collected at about 250 localities unevenly distributed in the region. The
highest number of the Phthiracaroidea studied came from the localities in the Democratic
Republic of Congo - 37, Angola and Madagascar - 23 from each, Rwanda - 16, Kenya,
Tanzania, Sl. Helena IsJand - 12 from each, Malawi - 10. The greatest number of the
Euphthiracaroidea localities are in the Democratic Republic of Congo - 65, Ivory Coast-
34, Madagascar - 29, Comoro Islands - 19 and Tanzania - 13 localities. Faunas of other
countries are represented by species found at single localities.
The material studied in this work comes from the same localities in continental Cen-
tral Africa and the neighbouring islands as in my earlier work on the Euphthiracaroidea
(NIEDBALA 1998b). However, some of the material comes from new localities at which
some already known and some new species of the Euphthiracaroidea were found. In the
meantime, a paper by MAHUNKA(1999) presenting new species appeared. The new locali-
ties and descriptions of new species are added as an annex to the hitherto published data
on the Euphthiracaroidea of Ethiopian region (NIEDBALA1998b) together with a modified
key for their determination.
Characteristics of the region studied and the origin of the islands are gi ven in the
above-mentioned work.
This work provides descriptions of 19 new species. Moreover, it includes the rede-
scriptions or additional supplementary descriptions of 12 species on the basis of type
material borrowed from museums. The analysis is also based on literature data on species
which were described by other authors, but morphological studies on this material were
not performed. For these species differentiating diagnoses are presented, based on original
descriptions. In many cases these descriptions were insufficient, however, recently
MAHUNKA(1984a, 1990) reported complementary descriptions and redescriptions (l984a,
1990) of some of species described earlier by himself and Balogh. However, a few species
have still incomplete descriptions and pictures, and their generic classification is uncer-
6
tain, so their diagnoses are short and incomplete. This refers in particular to the species
described by Berlese, which I have recently studied thoroughly (NIEDBALA 1993, 1994a)
at the Experimental Institute of Agricuitural Zoology (Cascine dei Riccio near Florence),
and whose further examination is impossible without remounting of the permanent slides.
The same species were also examined by MAHUNKA (1991) and MAHUNKA and
MAHUNKA-PAPP (1995). The other few are the species described by Balogh and Mahunka.
However, the further type material from the Zoological Department of the Hungarian
Naturai History Museum in Budapest was not available.
Diagnoses or pictures of the species not documented by the description have not been
taken into regard in this paper. The only exception is the work by MAHUNKA (1988a), as
the species he mentiones: N. hamatus, A.(H.) minisetosus, A.(H.) andrei, A.(H.) schauen-
hergi, A.(H.) multirugosus are highly probabie to occur on Mauritius, La Reunion and
Seychelles.
Principal zoogeographical elements:
Endemic - the species occuring at a single site or at most at a few sites in the same subregion
(or country)
Ethiopian - the species occuring in Ethiopian region in a subregion s or countries but not found
outside Africa
Pantropical - the species distributed along the tropical and subtropical zones
Semicosmopolitan - the species of wide, worldwide or al most worldwide geographic distribu-
tion
Morphological terminology and abbreviations used in the text of descriptions:
median and lateral prodorsal fields - three dorsal weakly sderotized oval areas. These are
probably the contours of the lines for the attachment of the major chelicerae retractor mus-
des (BERNINIand MAGARI 1993)
Formula of geni tal setae 4+2: 3 - geni tal setae inserted in two rows, one of them form s setae
g6-9 distant from inner (paraxial) margin of genito-aggenital plate, the second row forms
setae g4-5I'.ear the inner (paraxial) one, with setae gl-3 situated in progenital position, on the
margin of tectum kag
in - interlamellar setae
te - lamellar setae
ro - rostral setae
ex - exobothridial setae
Leg chaetotaxy complete or "complete type" - with all setae on legs present; leg chaetotaxy in-
complete or "incomplete type" where one or more setae on legs may be absent
D - domin ance
C - frequency
BMNH - Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London
DATE - Department of Animai Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan
FMHD - the Field Museum, Chicago
MRAC - Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren
All measuremets are given in micrometers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to express my thanks to the researchers who helped me obtain the type species and com-
parative materia!. I am particularly grateful to the Doctors: A. S. Baker, Department of Entomology,
British Museum (Naturai History), London; S. Mahunka, Zoological Department of the Hungarian
Natural Museum in Budapest; Mrs. P. P. Parillo and D. Summers, Field Museum of Naturai History ,
Chicago; Mr. F. Puylaert, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren. I thank Dr. W. Magowski for
constructive criticism of the manuscript. I also thank M. Bartkowiak, I. Klimaszewska and D. Sell-
Piaczynska for their technical assistance in preparing the manuscript.
7
3. PHTHIRACAROIDEA (ACARI, ORIBATIDA) OF THE ETHIOPIAN
REGION
3.1. DESCRIPTIONS, REDESCRIPTIONS AND DIAGNOSES OF SPECIES
3.1.1. Classification and list of species
Phthiraearoidea PERTY, 1841
Phthiraearidae PERTY,1841
Phthiracarus PERTY, 1839

Microphthiracarus MAHUNKA, 1982
Archiphthiracarella MAHUNKA, 1996 syn. nov.
REMARK. The latter genus has been distinguished praetieally on the basis of one feature,
i.e. 5: 3 formula of genital setae (3 setae in pregenital position, 5 setae in proximal posi-
tion) on genitoaggenital plate. The same arrangement of genital setae ean also be found in
other genera, e.g. Notophthiracarus, Atropacarus (see NlEDBALA1994b). In my opinion,
the deeision to ereate a new genu s on the basis of only one eharaeter should be verified
negatively.
Steganaearidae N1EDBALA,1986
Plonaphacarus NIEDBALA, 1986
Hoplophthiracarus JACOT, 1933
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) NIEDBALA, 1986
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) NIEDBALA, 1986
Austrophthiracarus BALOGH et MAHUNKA, 1978
Arphthicarus NIEDBALA, 1994
Protophthiracarus BALOGH, 1972
Notophthiracarus RAMSAY,1966
Steganacarellus MAHUNKA, 1986 syn. nov.
REMARK. BALOGH and BALOGH (1992) wrongly synonymised Steganacarellus (two
setae on paraxial margin of anoadanal plate) with Hoplophorella (three setae in the parax-
ial region of anoadanal plate).
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) NIEDBALA, 1986
Kakophthiracarus MAHUNKA, 1992 syn. nov.
REMARK. None of charaeters mentioned by MAHUNKA(1992) distinguishes the genus
Kakophthiracarus from subgenus Hoplophorella BERLESE,1923.
Phthiracarus anonymus GRANDJEAN,1933 Semieosmopolitan
Archiphthiracarus hauseri MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Phthiracarus baloghi (MAHUNKA, 1982) Endemie
Phthiracarus benoiti BALOGH, 1958 (nomen dubium)
Phthiracarus cavernosus (WALLWORK,1977) Endemie
Phthiracarus clavifer MAHUNKA, 1988 Endemie
Phthiracarusjlagellatus WALLWORK,1978 Endemie
8
Phthiracarus lentulus (C.L. KOCH, 1841) Semieosmopolitan
Phthiracarus angolensis MAHUNKA, 1985 syn. nov.
Phthiracarus machadoi BALOGH, 1962 (nomen dubium)
Phthiracarus minor nov. nom. Endemie
Phthiracarus insularis BALOGH, 1962
Archiphthiracarella bulbifera MAHUNKA, 1996 syn. nov.
Phthiracarus nitens (NICOLET, 1855) Palearetie, probably introdueed
Phthiracarus ochthus sp. nov. Ethiopian
Phthiracarus parabaloghi NIEDBALA, 1983 Ethiopian
Phthiracarus parapocsi sp. llOV. Endemie
Phthiracarus pocsi (MAHUNKA, 1983) Endemie
Phthiracarus pygmaeus BALOGH, 1958 Pantropieal
Archiphthiracarus minutissimus BALOGH et MAHUNKA 1980
Phthiracarus serrula BALOGH et MAHUNKA, 1977
Archiphthiracarusfoveolatus MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Phthiracarus schauenbergi (MAHUNKA, 1988) Pantropieal?
Phthiracarus wallworki NIEDBALA, 1984 Endemie

Plonaphacarus brevisetus (MAHUNKA, 1984) Endemie
Plonaphacarus ecphylus sp. nov. Endemie
Plonaphacarus kugohi (AOK1, 1959) Pantropieal
Hoplophthiracarus africanus MAHUNKA, 1984 syn. nov.
Plonaphacarus machadoi (BALOGH, 1958) Ethiopian

Plonaphacarus ngongi sp. nov. Endemie
Plonaphacarus optivus NIEDBALA, 1994 Endemie
Plonaphacarus persimilis NIEDBALA, 1994 Endemie
Plonaphacarus styphelos sp. nov. Endemie
Plonaphacarus tanzicus (MAHUNKA, 1993) Endemie

Hoplophthiracarus ambiguus NIEDBALA, 1982 Ethiopian
Hoplophthiracarus discrepus NIEDBALA, 1982 Ethiopian
Hoplophthiracarus frater (BALOGH, 1958) Ethiopian
Hoplophthiracarus hamatus (HAMMER, 1973) Pantropieal

Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) amoenus (NIEDBALA, 1983) Endemie
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) inflatus (NIEDBALA, 1984) Ethiopian
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) laetabilis (NIEDBALA, 1988) Endemie
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) laterospinosus (MAHUNKA, 1993) Endemie
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) pervigens (NIEDBALA, 1988) Endemie
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) spinatus sp. nov. Endemie
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) spiniferus (MAHUNKA, 1993) Endemie
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) succinctus sp. nov. Endemie
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) zicsii MAHUNKA, 1988 Endemie
9
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) carlosi NIEDBALA, 1984 Endemie
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) complicatus MAHUNKA, 1993 Endemie
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) guanarteme PEREZ-INIGO et PENA, 1996 Endemie
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) inurbanus NIEDBALA, 1983 Endemie
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) magnus (NICOLET, 1855) European
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) sol BALOGH, 1958 Ethiopian
Hoplophthiracarus peracutus MAHUNKA, 1983 syn. nov.
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) tenerifensis PEREZ-INIGO, 1972 Endemie
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) vestitus NIEDBALA, 1983 Ethiopian
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) wallworki MAHUNKA, 1984 Endemie
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) werneri MAHUNKA, 1993 Endemie
Austrophthiracarus BALOGH, MAHUNKA, 1978
Austrophthiracarus anosculpturatus (MAHUNKA, 1987) Endemie

Austrophthiracarus aokii (MAHUNKA, 1983) Ethiopian
Arphthicarus NIEDBALA, 1994
Arphthicarus hamidi (MAHUNKA, 1987) Endemie

Arphthicarus inaequus (NIEDBALA, 1984) Ethiopian
Arphthicarus indiligens (NIEDBALA, 1984) Endemie
Arphthicarus inelegans (NIEDBALA, 1988) Pantropieal
Hoplophthiracarus atypicus MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Arphthicarus marginatus (MAHUNKA, 1984) Endemie
Arphthicarus notatus sp. nov. Endemie
Arphthicarus sculptilis (NIEDBALA, 1988) Endemie
Hoplophthiracarus magnus MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Arphthicarus trichosus (MAHUNKA, 1988) Endemie
Arphthicarus veteratorius (NIEDBALA, 1988) Endemie

Protophthiracarus araios sp. nov. Endemie
Protophthiracarus dignus (NIEDBALA, 1983) Ethiopian
Protophthiracarus mayottei sp. nov. Ethiopian
Protophthiracarus prominens (BALOGH, 1958) Ethiopian
Protophthiracarus venustus (NIEDBALA, 1983) Endemie
Notophthiracarus RAMSAY, 1966
Notophthiracarus armatus (MAHUNKA, 1986) Endemie

Notophthiracarus bicarinatus sp. nov. Endemie
Notophthiracarus cavernosus (MAHUNKA, 1978) Endemie
Notophthiracarus dactyloscopicus (MAHUNKA, 1978) Endemie
Notophthiracarus echinus (BALOGH, 1962) Endemie
Notophthiracarus lineolatus MAHUNKA, 1993 Endemie
Notophthiracarus parareductus (MAHUNKA, 1992) Endemie
Hoplophorella reducta MAHUNKA, 1988
Notophthiracarus parasomalicus sp. nov. Endemie
10
Notophthiracarus parasummersi sp. nov. Endemie
Notophthiracarus (?) pardinus (BERLESE, 1916) Endemie
Notophthiracarus parilloi sp. nov. Endemie
Notophthiracarus (?) paulianus (BALOGH, 1962) Endemie
Notophthiracarus proce rus sp. nov, Endemie
Notophthiracarus puylaerti sp. nov. Endemie
Notophthiracarus rafalskii NIEDBALA, 1997 Endemie
Notophthiracarus (?) rapax (BERLESE, 1916) Endemie
Notophthiracarus sacyae (MAHUNKA, 1983) Endemie
Notophthiracarus similis sp. nov. Endemie
Notophthiracarus (?) somalicus (BERLESE, 1923) Endemie
Notophthiracarus summersi sp. nov. Endemie
Notophthiracarus zebrus (BALOGH, 1962) Endemie

Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) angolensis (MAHUNKA, 1984) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) balazsi (MAHUNKA, 1983) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) brevipilis (BALOGH, 1958) Ethiopian
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) collaris (BALOGH, 1958) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) cucullatus (EWING, 1909) Semieosmopolitan
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) ensiferus (MAHUNKA, 1984) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella)jloridus (JACOT, 1933) Pan tropie al
Hoplophorella glauca HAMMER, 1972
Hoplophorella schauenbergi MAHUNKA, 1978
Hoplophorella perisi SUBIAS et SAR KAR, 1984
Hoplophorella spatulata PARRY, 1980
Hoplophorella ligulifera MAHUNKA, 1987 syn, nov.
Hoplophorella cuneiseta MAHUNKA, 1988
Phthiracarus (Hoplophthiracarus) cucullatus (Ew.) var. obsoletior BERLESE, 1923 syn. nov.
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) insolens NIEDBALA, 1988 Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) lemurius (MAHUNKA, 1993) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) minisetosus (MAHUNKA, 1978) Ethiopian
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) multirugosus (MAHUNKA, 1978) Ethiopian
Steganacarus cornutus MAHUNKA, 1978 syn. nov.
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) mwali (MAHUNKA, 1994) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) oblongus (NIEDBALA, 1983) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) pallens (NIEDBALA, 1983) Ethiopian
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) pustulatus (MAHUNKA, 1993) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) remigerus (BERLESE, 1923) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) singularis (SELLNICK, 1959) Pantropieal
Hoplophorella regalis MAHUNKA, 1978
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) stilifer (HAMMER, 1961) Pantropieal
Hoplophorella benoiti MAHUNKA, 1984 syn. nov.
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) subciliatus (MAHUNKA, 1983) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) subitus (NIEDBALA, 1983) Endemie
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) tuberculosissimus (MAHUNKA, 1978) Ethiopian
Hoplophorella horrida MAHUNKA, 1984 syn. nov.
Hoplophorella meszarosi MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Hoplophorella tuberosa MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Hoplophorella verrucosa MAHUNKA, 1987 syn. nov.
11
Atropaearus (Hoplophorella) vitrinus (BERLESE, 1913) Pantropical
Hoplophorella andrei BALOGH, 1958
Hoplophorella seapellata AOKI, 1965
Hoplophorella aJrieana WALL WORK, 1967
Hoplophorella rayehaudhurii SUBIAS et SAR KAR, 1984
Hoplophorella lienhardi MAHUNKA, 1987 syn. nov.
3.1.2. Review oC species
Type species: Phthiraearus eontraetilis PERTY,1841 (=Hoplophora laevigata c.L. KOCH, 1841)
DIAGNOSIS. Body surface smooth or punctate (with some exceptions). Dorsal and 1at-
eral fields of prodorsum not fused, lateral carinae of prodorsum either long, extending
beyond or reaching the sinus, or shorter; no furrows in the back of prodorsum (with some
exceptions), sensilli most often smooth, short, fusiform or rounded distally, or long and
filiform, without a distinct head, interlamellar setae always parallei to surface of prodor-
sum, setae of prodorsum and notogaster smooth, fine and long, acuminate. Median carina
of notogaster absent, 15 pairs of gastronotal setae, rather rarely present. Ventral region,
genital setae arranged in two rows, setae g6-g9 remote from paraxial margin, seta g6 usu-
ally near or anteriorly of gs, adanal setae always remote from the paraxial margin of plate,
setae adl and ad2 norma!, minute or vestigial, neotrichy involving adanal setae may occur.
Legs, setae d of tibia IV short, coupled with solenidia, when present, setae v' on femora I
long, setae fi" of tarsi I norma!.
Phthiraearus anonymus GRANDJEAN,1993

(Figs 1-3)
Pthiraearus anonymus: NIEDBALA 1986a, 1992
Arehiphthiraearus hauseri MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Arehiphthiraearus hauseri: NIEDBALA 1992
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with short fields, lateral carinae long, extend beyond sinus;
sensilli short, broadly fusiform, curved. Notogaster with 15 pairs offairly short (el<el-dl)
setae, setae CI and c] of notogaster located on anterior margin; vestigial setae fi anteriorly
of hl setae; lyrifissures ia and im present. Ventral region, setae h of men tum shorter than
distance between them; formula of geni tal setae: 7(4+3): 3; five pairs of well developed
anal and adanal setae, setae ad], an and ad] situated nearly in the same row. Leg chaeto-
taxy reduced, missing setae: v' on femora I, a' on tarsi I, a' on tarsi II, l' on genua IV, a'
and pv' on tarsi IV.
REMARKS. Arehiphthiraearus hauseri is undoubtedly a new synonym of P. anonymus.
This opinion is justifiable by the following conformable characters: shape of sensillus,
insertion of CI setae on collar of notogaster and vestigial setaefl located anteriorly of hl
setae and setae ad] of anoadanal plate located c10se to paraxial margin, nearly with setae
adl and an in the same row.
LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Uganda, Massif du Ruwenzori, 3000 m, pres
de la bourgade Nyabitaba, litiere en foret conifere, 9.11.1974, leg. J.Michejda - (l sp.);
12
Nyabitaba, Habuku river, at 2000 m, in mixed forest, 12.11.1974 leg. J.Miehejda - (1 sp.)
(NIEDBALA1992). sub A. hauseri: La Reunion, Sommet de La Roehe-Eerite, 2277 m.,
8.I.1975 leg. P.Sehauenberg - (1 sp.); Reunion - Plaine des Chieots, 1850 m., 9.I.1975
leg. P.Sehauenberg - (10 sp.) (MAHUNKA1988a); Madagasear; Fianarantsoa; R.S.Ivohibe,
8 km East of Ivohibe, eamp II; 15-21.X.1997; montane rainforest, sifted litter (leaf mold,
rotton wood); B.L.Fisher; F#1747; mini- Winkler (FMHD 97-503) - (2 sp.); Madagasear,
Fianarantsoa; R.S.Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, eamp III; 24-30X.1997; montane rainfo-
rest, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1751; mini- Winkler (FMHD
97-506) - (1 sp.)
DlSTRIBUTION. Semieosmopolitan.
Phthiracarus baloghi (MAHUNKA,1982)

(Figs 4-6)
Microphthiracarus baloghi MAHUNKA, 1982
Microphthiracarus baloghi: NIEDBALA 1986, 1992
DlAGNOSIS. Prodorsum without lateral earinae; sensilli long, large, tapering to distal
end; setae minute, interlamellar and lamellar setae situated near of bothridium, exoboth-
ridial setae vestigial. Notogaster with minute setae, vestigial setae fI anteriorly of h I setae,
lyrifissures ips well visible. Setae on anoadanal plate minute.
REMARKS. I suspeet that this speeies is synonym of Phthiracarus(?) insularis BALOGH,
1962.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Ethiopia, Sodere, 1400 m, sample of deeaying
wood, 5X.1980 leg. A.Demeter) - (1 sp.) (MAHUNKA1982).
DlSTRIBUTION. Ethiopia, probably endemie speeies.
Phthiracarus benoiti BALOGH, 1958 (nomen dubium)

This speeies eould not be identified, beeause of an inadequate deseription and the laek of
figures.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Angola, leg. A.de Barros Maehado (BALOGH,
1958).
Phthiracarus cavernosus (WALLWORK,1977)

(Figs 8-13)
Hoplophthiracarus cavernosus W ALLWORK, 1977
Phthiracarus cavernosus: NIE DBALA 1986a, 1992
DlAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with median field tapering anteriorly, lateral earinae absent;
sensilli fusiform, slightly rough. Notogaster with 15 pairs of short (cI<cl-dl) setae; vestig-
ial setae fI anteriorly of h I setae; one pair of lyrifissures im present. Ventral region, setae h
of men tum longer than distanee between them; formula of genital setae: 9(4+5): O; five
pairs well developed, anal and adanal setae, adl and ad2 longer than other, very eharaeter-
istie strueture of posterior region of ventral plate present (Fig. 12). Leg ehaetotaxy eom-
plete.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Saint Helena Island, High Central Ridge, I.1967,
High Peak, III.- (2 sp.) (WALLWORK1977).
DlSTRIBUTION. Saint Helena Island, perhaps endemie.
13
Phthiracarus clavifer MAHUNKA,1988
(Figs 14-16)
Phthiracarus clavifer: NIEDBALA 1992
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum without lateral earinae; sensilli short with round head; inter-
lamellar setae long, ereet with spatulate distal end, lamellar, rostral and exobothridial setae
short, simple. Notogaster with 15 pairs of eomparatively long (cJ>cJ-dJ), attenuating setae
with spatulate distal end, setae c 1-3 longer than other setae; vestigial setae fJ posteriorly of
hl setae; three pairs of Iyrifissures ia, im, ip presenI. Ventral region, anal setae long and
fili form, ad3 setae resembling notogastral setae, setae adJ and ad2 vestigial. Leg ehaeto-
taxy redueed, setae v' on femora I and setae l' on tibiae IV are missing.
LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Reunion Island, Saint-Philippe, l5.I.l975 leg.
P.Sehauenberg - (l sp.); Reunion - Basse-Vallee foret endemique, 700 m., 13.I.l975 leg.
p. Sehauenberg - (3 sp.) (MAHUNKA1988a).
DISTRIBUTION. La Reunion Island, perhaps endemie.
Phthiracarus flagellatus WALLWORK,1977

(Figs 17-21)
Phthiracarus jlagellatus: NIEDBALA 1986a, 1992
DIAGNOSIS. Median field of prodorsum narrow, lateral fields broad, lateral earinae pre-
sent; sensilli short with very short pedieel and round head. Notogaster with long (cJ>cr
dl) supple setae; vestigial setae fJ anteriorly of hl; lyryfissures absenI. Ventral region, for-
mula of genital setae: 4: 5; five pairs of well developed anal and adanal setae, adanal
longer than anal setae. Leg ehaetotaxy eomplete.
LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Saint Helena Island, MI. Ross, Bates' Braneh,
XI.l965 (WALLWORK1977); SI. Helene Centre: High Peak 2400/2600ft III.1967 leg.
J.Deeelle, N. and J.Leleup R.S.Mus.Afr.Centr. det. J.A.Wallwork 1970 - (l sp.)
(NIEDBALA1992).
DISTRIBUTION. Saint Helena Island, perhaps endemie.
Phthiracarus lentulus (eL. KOCH, 1841)

(Figs 22-32)
Phthiracarus angolensis MAHUNKA, 1985 syn. nov.
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with narrow median region and long lateral earinae; sensilli
long, narrow, slight1y fusiform, ending in the point; setae thin, filiform. Notogaster with
15 pairs of thin, filiform setae (cJ<crdJ); vestigial setaefl anteriorly of hJ setae; two pairs
of lyrifissures ia and im presenI. Ventral region; setae h of mentum shorter than distanee
between them; formula of geni tal setae: 7(4+3): 2; adl and ad2 setae vestigial, anal setae
longer than setae ad3• Leg ehaetotaxy eomplete.
REMARKS. Analysis of morphologieal earaeters of Phthiracarus angolensis MAHUNKA,
1985 indieates that it is undoubtedly a new synonym of P. lentulus.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION sub P. angolensis: Angola, Environ Malange,
forest litter and moss, l2.Y.1980 leg. Z.Szabó - (7 sp.) (MAHUNKA1984a, 1985).
DISTRIBUTION. Semieosmopolitan.
14
Phthiraearus maehadoi BALOGH,1958 (nomen dubium)
This species could not be identified because of an inadequate description and the lack of
figures.
LOCALITY IN ETHlOPIAN REGION: Angola, leg. A.de Barros Machado (BALOGH
1958)
Phthiraearus minor nov. nom.

(Figs 33-39)
Phthiracarus illsularis BALOGH, 1962
Phthiracarus illsularis: NIEDBALA 1986, 1992
Archiphthiracarella illsularis: MAHUNKA 1996
Archiphthiracarella bulbifera MAHUNKA, 1996 syn. nov.
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with dorsal margin concave medially and small foveolae anteri-
orly and basally; median field very narrow, lateral carinae absent; sen silli 10ng, swollen in
proximal end, tapering; setae fine, fili form, interlamellar and lamellar setae situated near
bothridium, in=le>ro. Notogaster with small setae, setae e] arising clearly on the collar
line; vestigial setae fI anteriorly of hl setae. Ventral region with formula of genital setae:
5: 3; 2 pairs of anal and 3 pairs of adanal setae short and equal in length.
Leg chaetotaxy incomplete, setae v' on femora I and setae d on genuae IV absent, setae d
on femora I setiform situated on dis tal end of article.
REMARKS. The name insularis was earlier used by JACOT (1935) for the Phthiraearus
described from Marquises Islands, therefore, the name used by BALOGH (1962) for the
Malagasy species is a younger homonym. Thus, I have changed this name into minor, the
Latin specific epithet meaning younger and alluding to the junior homonym.
The description of this species is very short and incomplete. Because the holotype has
been destroyed, MAHUNKA(1996) designated a neotype. In the same work he stated that
one specimen of the neotype series was to be stored in the collection of DATE. That, how-
ever was never realized, and I had no possibility to study any material of the neotype
series.
I have not studied the type of A. bulbifera, but in my opinion it is a synonym of P. insu-
laris. The fine differentiating features indicated by MAHUNKA(1996) (like much narrower
sensilIi, position of setae e] and ps]), are within individual variation. II has not been estab-
lished whether the interlamellar setae are vestigial or broken. Only the arrangement of
genital setae gl_] is different. However, it should be regarded that A. bulbifera was de-
scribed on the basis of a single specimen collected at the same locality as A. insularis.
LOCALITIES IN ETHlOPIAN REGION: Madagascar, La Mandraka, IX.1958 leg.
R.Paulian - (1 sp.) (BALOGH 1962); Central E Madagascar, degraded montane rainforest
on MI. Ambatokirijy atthe S edge of Andasibe (Perinet) forest reserve, at 950-1000 m,
3.x.1994, leg. T.Pocs.
sub Arehiphthiraearella bulbifera - (3 sp.) (MAHUNKA1996); Fianarantsoa; R.S.Ivohibe,
8 km East of Ivohibe, camp II; 15-21.X.1997; montane rainforest, sifted litter (leaf mold,
rotton wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1747; mini-Winkler (FMHD 97-503) - (I sp); Fianarant-
soa; R.S.Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, camp III; 24-30X.1997; montane rainforest, sifted
litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1751; mini-Winkler (FMHD 97-506) - (I
sp.); Befingotra (11.0km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 16XU994; montane rainforest,
sifted litter, leaf mold and rotten wood; B.L.Fisher; 1232 (I-50); Winkler (FMHD 94-58)
- (2 sp.); Befingotra (9.2 km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 5XU994; rainforesI: litter,
leaf mold, rotten wood, montane; B.L.Fisher; 1158 (6); sifting (FMHD 94-55) - (3 sp.);
Fianarantsoa; 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady; 7.1.1998; disturbed montane rain-
15
forest; B.L.Fisher; BF#1593; pitfall traps (50 eups) (FMHD 98-335) - (1 sp.); Fianarant-
soa; 28 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady; 14.I.1998; disturbed montane rainforest,
sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1625; large Winkler sample (FMHD
994-56) - (4 sp.)
DISTRIBUTION. Madagasear, probably endemie.
Phthiracarus nitens (NICOLET,1855)

(Fig s 27-32)
Hop/ophora nitem' NICOLET, 1855
Phthiracarus nitens: NIEDBALA 1986a, 1992
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with long lateral earinae extending sinus; sen si1Ii short, fusi-
form. Notogaster with 15 pairs of fairly short (cj<cj-dj) setae; vestigial setae fj posteriorly
of hj setae; four pairs of Iyrifissures ia, im, ip, ips presenl. Ventral region, setae h of men-
tum longer or equal than distanee between them, formula of genital setae: 6(4+2): 3, setae
adj and ad2 vestigial, an>ad]. Leg ehaetotaxy eomplete.
LOCALlTlES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Slo Helena Centre: Hte. Fisher's Valley 1700ft.
11-13.xI.1965 leg. P.Basilewsky, P.Benoit, N.Leleup, R.G.Mus.Afr.Centr. det.
J.A.Wallwork 1970 - (2 sp.); St. Helena Centre: Cuvette Ste. Diana's Peak 21.IIl.1967
leg. J.Deeelle, N. and J.Leleup, R.S.Mus.Afr.Centr. det. J.A.Wallwork 1970 - (1 sp.); St.
Helena Centre: Mt. Ross, Bate's Braneh 2100ft 23.xI.1965 leg. P.Basilewsky, P.Benoit,
N.Leleup, R.G.Mus.Afr.Centr. det. J.A.Wallwork 1970 - (6 sp.); St. Helene Centre: High
Central Ridge Cabbage Tree Road 2500ft, 2-4.IIl.1967 leg. J.Deeelle, J. and N.Leleup,
R.G.Mus.Afr.Centr. det. J.A.Wallwork 1970 - (13 sp.); St. Helene Centre: High Peak
2400/2600ft III.1967 leg. J.Deeelle, N. and J.Leleup R.S.Mus.Afr.Centr. det.
J.A.Wallwork 1970 - (17 sp.) (NIEDBALA1992).
DISTRIBUTION. Palearetie speeies, probably introdueed artifieially into St.Helena Is-
land.
Phthiracarus ochthus sp. nov.

(Figs 46, 47)
MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE: prodorsum: length 303, width 227, height 106,

sensillus 37.9, setae: in 65.8, Ze 37.9, ro 15.2; notogaster: length 530, width 379, height
318, Cj 86.1, dj and hj 93.6, pSj 83.5; genitoaggenital plate 106x85.8, anoadanal plate
187x83.3 Measurements of speeimens from Ivory Coast prodorsum: length 303, height
111, sensilIus 43.0, setae: in 83.5, Ze 68.3, ro 10, l; notogaster: length 495, height 369, Cj
63.2, c/cj-dj = 0.55.
DESCRIPTION. Colour yeIlow or light brown, integument finely punetate.
Prodorsum with distinet median hump or carina, lateral earinae in holotype absent. Me-
dian field longer than lateral ones. SensiIli short, fusiform, smooth. Rostral setae very
short, exobothridial setae vestigial, in>Ze>ro.
Notogaster with 15 pairs of smooth, fairly short (cj/cj-dj =0,56) setae. Setae Cj and C2
remote from anterior margin, setae c] close to margin. Vestigial setae fj anteriorly of hj
setae, setaeh situated between Iyrifissures im and ip. Four pairs of lyrifissures ia, im, ip,
ips present.
Ventral region. Setae h of men tum almost equal to distanee between them. Arrangement
of genital setae 5(4+1): 4. Setae g6 isunusual remote from paraxial margin of plate.
Anoadanal plates eaeh with five setae, setae adj and ad2 the longest, setae ad] slightly
longer than anal ones.
16
6. Genital setae arranged in two rows, g6.9always in some distance from paraxial margin .
.................................................................................................. Plonaphacarus NIEDBALA,1986
-. Genital setae situated in one row or only setae gJ-S situated with setae g7-9 in one paraxial row,
setae g6 remote from paraxial margin Hoplophthiracarus JACOT, 1933
7.Genital setae arranged in two rows, setae g6-9 remote from paraxial margin or at least setae g6 and
g7 distinctly remote 8
-. Genital setae displaced towards paraxial margin and arranged in a row (or nearly), or setae g7-9
displaced towards the margin, setae g6 remote from the margin 9
8. Setae on notogaster smooth and thin, tapering Phthiracarus PERTY, 1839
-. Setae on notogaster covered with spines, if smooth then short and spiniform or long and flagellate
........................................................................ Austrophthiracarus BALOGHet MAHUNKA,1978
9. Genital setae arranged in a row near paraxial margin of plates .
................................................................................................ Notophthiracarus RAMSAY, 1966
-. Genital setae g7-9 displaced towards paraxial margin and forming a row with setae gJ-S ....•.....•.....•.
...................................................................................................... Arphthicarus NIEDBALA,1994
1. Surface of body foveolate P. pygmaeus
(Figs 64-68)
-. Surface of body punctate 2
2. Setae adJ and ad2 vestigial 3
-. Setae adJ and ad2 well developed 5
3. Notogastral setae with spatulate distal end P. clavifer
(Figs 14-16)
-. Notogastral setae without spatulate end 4
4. Four pairs of lyrifissures present P. nitens
(Figs 27-32)
-. Two pairs of lyrifissures present P. lentulus
(Figs 22-32)
5. Sensilli smali, with head as long as wide, rounded distally 6
-. Sensilli several times longer than wide, pointed distally 10
6. Adanal setae adJ and ad2 al most in one row with anal setae P. anonymus
(Figs 1-3)
-. Adanal setae adl and ad2 remote from anal setae 7
7. Formula of genital setae: 4: 5 8
-. Formula of genital setae 4+3: 2 or 4+2: 3 9
8. Lyrifissures absent, vestigial setae fl anteriorly of hJ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• P. jlagellatus
(Figs 17-21)
-. 4 pairs of lyrifissures present, vestigial setae fJ posteriorly of hJ •.•.•....•...•......•......•.... P. parapocsi
(Figs 52-56)
9. Prodorsum with lateral carinae, formula of genital setae 4+3: 2, anal setae longer than adanal
setae, leg chaetotaxy reduced P. pocsi
(Figs 57-60)
-. Prodorsum without lateral carinae, formula of genital setae 4+2: 3, anal setae shorter than adanal
setae, leg chaetotaxy complete P. wallworki
(Figs 73-78)
10. Characteristic posteroventral structure present P. cavernosus
(Figs 8-13)
-. Characteristic posteroventral structure absent 11
11. Setae CJ and C2 considerably longer than other gastronotic setae P. parabaloghi
(Figs 48-51)
-. Length of all notogastral setae more or less similar 12
12. Ali setae smali, not longer than half of distance between them P. baloghi
(Figs 4-6)
-. Setae longer, at least as half of distance between them 13
13. Sensilli swollen at proximal end P. minor
(Figs 33-39)
70
-. SensilIi setiform or fusiform 14
14. SensilIi setiform, two pairs of lyrifissures are present, setae g6 c10se to paraxial margin of plate
........................................................................................................................... P. schauenbergi
(Figs 61-63)
-. SensilIi fusiform, four pairs of Iyrifissures present, setae g6 remote from paraxial margin of plate ..
.............................................................................................................................. P. ochthus
(Figs 46, 47)
l. Lateral carinae of prodorsum long, extending beyond the sinus P. kugohi

(Figs 97-1(0)
-. Lateral carinae shorter or absent 2
2. lnterlamellar and gastronotic setae strong, thick, sword-shaped, rostral setae bent inwards
.................................................................................................................................... P. tanzicus
(Figs 85-88)
-. lnterlamellar and gastronotic setae not so thick and not sword-shaped, rostral setae bent forwards
.................................................................................................................................................... 3
3. Lateral carinae of prodorsum absent 4
-. Lateral carinae of prodorsum present 5
4. SensilIi with rounded head P. ecphylus
(Figs 89-96)
-. SensilIi with fusiform head P. ngongi
(Figs 113-120)
5. SensilIi setiform, without head P. styphelos
(Figs 128-135)
-. SensilIi with fusiform or rounded head 6
6. SensilIi c1ub-like, with rounded head, setae ad2 long, more than twice as long as anal setae .
................................................................................................................................ .. P. persimilis
(Fig s 126. 127)
-. SensilIi fusiform with pointed head, setae ad2 shorter, less than twice as long as than anal setae ....
..................................................................................................................................................... 7
7. Body punctate, vestigial setaefllocated posteriorly of hl setae P.optivus
(Figs 121-123)
-. Body foveolate, vestigial setae!J located anteriorly of hl setae 8
8. Rostral setae extending to the end of rostrum, exobothridial setae well developed P. machadoi
(Figs 107-112)
-. Rostral setae not reaching the end of rostrum, exobothridial setae vestigial P. brevisetus
(Figs 79-84)
l. Notogastral setae hooked distally H. hamatus

(Figs 152-156)
-. Notogastral setae not hooked distally 2
2. Dorsal field of prodorsum without incision between rostral setae, sensilli wihout distinct head .
. H. frater
(Figs 146-151)
-. Dorsal field with incision between rostral setae, sensilIi with pronouced head 3
3. Rostral setae not reaching the end ofrostrum, vestigial setae!J located posteriorly of hl setae .
... H. ambiguus
(Figs 136-140)
-. Rostral setae extending beyond the end of rostrum, vestigial setaefl anteriorly of hl setae .
................................................................................................................................. H. discrepus
(Figs 141-145)
71
l. Ali notogastral setae very short, length of dorsal setae not extending beyond one-third of thc
distance between them 2
-. Notogastral setae long, length of dorsal setae larger than half of the distance between them .
.................................................................................................................................................... 4
2. Sensilli club-like, very short, with rounded, pronouced head S. (R.) zicsii
(Figs 179-184)
-. SensilIi setiform, considerably longer, without head 3
3. Notogastral setae spiniform, rough, vestigial setaefJ located posteriorly of hl setae .
. S. (R.) spiniferus
(Figs 199-205)
-. Notogastral setae fine, smooth, vestigial setaefJ located anteriorly of hl setae .
......................................................................................................................... S. (R.) succinctus
(Figs 206-214)
4. lnterlamellar setae short, shorter than sensilli S. (R.) laetabilis
(Fig s 162-167)
-. lnterlamellar setae longer than sensiIIi 5
5. Heterotrichy of notogastral setae present, setae Cj, hj, pSJ the longest, setae C3, h3. PS4 the
shortest S. (R.) laterospinosus
(Figs 174-178)
-. Ali setae of notogaster more or less similar in shape and length 6
6. Dorsal and lateral fields ofprodorsumjoined distally 7
-. Dorsal and lateral fields of prodorsum not joined distally 8
7. Setae of notogaster covered with robust spines, vestigial setae fJ located posteriorly of hJ •••••••••••••
............................................................................................................................. S. (R.) inflatus

(Figs 168-173)
-. Setae of notogaster covered with minute spines, vestigial setaefJ anteriorly of hJ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
........................................................................................................................... S. (R.) amoenus

(Figs 157-161)
8. Lamellar setae longer than half of length of interlamellar setae, vestigial setae fi located anteriorly
of hJ setae S. (R.) pervigens
(Figs 185-190)
-. Lamellar setae shorter than one third of length of interlamellar setae, vestigial setae fJ located
posteriorly of hJ setae S. (R.) spinatus
(Figs 191-198)

1. Notogastral setae short, at least dorsal setae shorter than distance between them 2
-. Notogastral setae long, at least dorsal setae longer than distance between them 7
2. Dorsal and lateral fields of prodorsum joined at distal end 3
-. Dorsal and lateral fields notjoined at distal end 5
3. Rostral setae directed inwards, setae c], C3 and cp different in shape from other notogastral
setae S. (S.) tenerifensis
(Figs 244-249)
-. Rostral setae directed forward, all notogastral setae similar in shape 4
4. SensilIi pointed distally S. (S.) guanarteme
(Fig. 223)
-. SensiIIi rounded distally S. (S.) carlosi
(Figs 215-218)
5. Sensilli baciIliform, slightly inflated in proximal and distal end, vestigial setae fI located anteri-
orl y of h J S. (S.) inurbanus
(Figs 224-228)
-. Sen sil li setiform, pointed distally, vestigial setaefJ located posteriorly of hJ setae 6
6. lnterlamellar setae several times longer than lamellar ones S. (S.) wal/worki
(Figs 255-260)
72
-. Lamellar setae longer than half of interlamellar ones S. (S.) magnus
(Figs 229-234)
7. Some notogastral setae flagelliform S. (S.) vestitus
(Figs 250--254)
-. No notogastral setae flagelliform 8
8. lnterlamellar setae filiform, with flagelliform distal end S. (S.) complicatus
(Figs 219-222)
-. lnterlamellar setae rigid, bacilIiform 9
9. Rostral setae erect, bent, as long as lamellar one s S. (S.) werneri
(Figs 240--243)
-. Rostral setae procumbent, smaller than lamellar ones S.(S.) sol
(Figs 235-239)
Arphthicarus NIEDBALA. 1994

l. SensilIi without distinct head 2
-. Sensilli with fusiform or rounded head 3
2. Lamellar setae almost the same length as interlamellar ones A. notatus
(Figs 307-312)
-. Lamellar setae considerably shorter (over 3 times) than interlamet!ar ones A. indiligens
(Figs 288-293)
3. Notogastral setae long, dorsal setae considerably longer than distance between them .
.............................................................................................................................. . A. marginatus
(Figs 301-306)
-. Notogastral setae shorter, dorsal setae as long or shorter than distance between them 4
4. Setae CJ and cp considerably shorter than other ones A. inelegans
(Figs 294--300)
-. Setae CJ and cp not shorter than other setae 5
5. Setae adJ thick, covered with smali spines A. veteratorius
(Fig s 332-337)
-. Setae adJ narrow, smooth 6
6. Distance between rostral setae considerably shorter than that between interlamellar one s .
... ., A. hamidi
(Figs 274--281)
-. Distance between rostral setae not shorter than that between interlamellar one s 7
7. Lamet!ar setae wet! developed A. inaequus
(Figs 282-287)
-. Lamellar setae vestigial 8
8. Sensilli with narrow, fusiform head, vestigial setaefj not visible A. trichosus
(Figs 325-331)
-. Sensilli with rounded head, vestigial setaefjlocated posteriorly of hj setae A. sculptilis
(Figs 313-318)
Austrophthiracarus BALOGH et MAHUNKA, 1978

l. Heterotrichy of notogastral setae present, dorsal setae considerably longer than other one s .
.............................................................................................................................. A. aokii
(Figs 267-273)
-. Notogastral setae simil ar in length A. anosculpturatus
(Fig s 261-266)
I. Notogastral setae lanceolate P. prominens

(Figs 356--361)
-. Notogastral setae rigid, ensiform or spiniform 2
2. Ali notogastral setae spiniform, rough, dorsal setae longer than lateral one s P. mayottei
(Figs 349-355)
73
-. Notogastral setae ensiform, covered with small spines, all setae more or less similar in length, or
only setae hl and PSl longer than other one s 3
3. Notogastral setae hl and PSl longer than other ones, rostral setae directed inwards, exobothridial
setae well developed P. araois
(Figs 338-342)
-. All notogastral setae similar in length, rostral setae directed forwards, exobothridial setae vestig-
ial 4
4. Interlamellar and lamellar setae similar in shape and length P. dignus
(Figs 343-348)
Interlamellar setae thick, covered with spines, over 3 times as long as spiniform and smooth
lamellar setae P. venustus
(Figs 362-366)
Notophthiracarus RAMSA Y, 1966

I. Notogaster with two dorsal carinae N. bicarinatus
(Figs 381-387)
-. Notogaster without dorsal carinae 2
2. Prodorsum with strong median carina 3
-. Prodorsum without strong median carina 6
3. Setae ad] the longest of all on anoadanal plate N. rapax
(Figs 451-453)
-. Setae of anoadanal plate small and equal in length 4
4. Notogastral setae flagelliform N. cavernosus
(Figs 388-393)
-. Notgastral setae not flagelliform 5
5. Surface of body covered with strong concavities N. rafalskU
(Figs 454-458)
-. Body concavities absent N. pardinus
(Fig. 431)
6. Surface of body ornamented with longitudinal parallei ribs or lines 7
-. Surface of body without ornamentation of ribs or lines 8
7. Sensilli long, setiform N. zebrus
(Fig s 477-484)
-. SensilIi short, club-like N. dactyloscopicus
(Figs 394-400)
8. Rostral setae long, exceed the end of rostrum; the distance between ro-TO setae longer than dis-
tance between in-in N. procerus
(Figs 438-443)
-. Rostral setae not so long, not reaching the end of rostrum, the distance between ro-TO shorter than
in-in 9
9. Sensilli with distinct head 10
-. Sensilli without head 17
10. Sensilli swollen at paraxial end N. armatus
(Figs 373-380)
-. Sensilli not swollen at paraxial end 11
II. Adanal setae adl and ad] vestigial N. parareductus
(Figs 412-415)
-. All adanal setae well developed 12
12. Lamellar setae longer than half of length of interlamellar setae l3
-. Lamellar setae many times shorter than interlamellar setae 14
13. Notogastral setae similar in length, rough N. puylaerti
(Figs 444-450)
-. Dorsal notogastral setae considerably longer than lateral ones, all barbed N. lineolatus
(Figs 407-411)
14. Adanal setae obtuse N. similis
(Figs 465-470)
74
-. Adanal setae pointed distally 15
15. Distal end of adanal setae ad) barbed and blunt N. somalicus
(Figs 416-418)
-. Setae ad] spiniform 16
16. Notogastral setae long, reaching or exceeding the base of neighbouring seta N. parasummersi
(Figs 425-430)
-. Notogastral setae short, not reaching the base of neighbouring seta N. parasomalicus
(Figs 419-424)
17. Sensilli pointed distally N. parilloi
(Figs 432-437)
-. Sensilli not pointed distally 18
18. Interlamellar setae more than 4 times as long as lamellar setae 19
-. Interlamellar setae less than 4 times as long as lamellar setae 20
19. Setae of notogaster long, dorsal setae longer than half of distance between them N. summersi
(Figs 471-475)
-. Setae of notogaster short, dorsal setae shorter than half of distance between them .... N. paulianus
(Figs 405. 406)
20. Setae thick, rigid, obtuse distally N. echinus
(Figs 401-404)
-. Setae fine, flexible, pointed distally N. sacyae
(Figs 459-464)

l. Notogastral setae phylIiform 2
-. Notogastral setae not phylIiform 5
2. Notogaster with anterior coli ar A. (H.) cucullatus
(Figs 511-516)
-. Notogaster without anterior coli ar 3
3. Rostral setae directed inwards A. (H.) vitrinum
(Figs 636-639)
-. Rostral setae directed forward 4
4. Interlamellar setae spiniform, notogastral setae covered with distinct setae A. (H.) pallens
(Figs 567-572)
-. Interlamellar setae lanceolate, notogastral setae covered with thin spines A. (H.)floridus
(Figs 521-527)
5. Notogastral setae simple, spiniform, smooth or rough 6
-. Notogastral setae thick, rigid, barbed or lanceolate 16
6. Notogaster with deep concavity anteriorly A.(H.) balazsi
(Figs 492-495)
-. Notogaster without anterior concavity 7
7. Notogaster with tubercules A. (H.) tuberculosissimus
(Figs 615-635)
-. Notogaster without tubercules 8
8. Notogaster with strong anterior cowl A. (H.) multirugosus
(Figs 545-550)
-. Notogaster without strong anterior cowl 9
9. Notogaster with anterior collar A. (H.) mwali
(Fig s 557-559)
-. Notogaster without anterior coli ar 10
10. Setae ad210nger than other setae of anoadanal plate 11
-. Setae of anoadanal plate more or less similar in length 12
II. Notogastral setae longer than half of distance between them, setae ad2 rounded distally .
........................................................................................................................ A. (H.) angolensis
(Figs 485--491)
-. Notogastral setae considerably shorter than half of distance between them, setae ad2 pointed
distally A. (H.) brevipilis
(Figs 496-501)
75
12. Sensilli short, c1ub-like A. (H.) minisetosus
(Figs 539-544)
-. Sensilli longer, fusiform 13
13. Distance between rostral setae shorter than between interlamellar and lamcllar ones .
.. A. (H.) lemurius
(Figs 536--538)
-. Distancc bctween rostral setae longer than between interlamellar and lamellar ones 14
14. Median carina of prodorsum absent A. (H.) subciliatus
(Figs 602-609)
-. Median carina of prodorsum present 15
15. Ali setae relatively long, f. e. interlamellar and lamellar setae longer than distance between them
.............................................................................................................................. A. (H.) subitus
(Figs 610--614)
-. Ali setae relatively short, interlamellar and lamellar setae shorter than distance betwecn them
......................................................................................................................... A. (H.) pustulatus
(Figs 573-579)
16. Setae ad2 barbed A. (H.) singularis
(Figs 580--587)
-. Setae ad2 not barbed 17
17. Median field of prodorsum with deep incision A. (H.) insolens
(Figs 531-535)
-. Median field of prodorsum without incision 18
18. Sensilli with stalk shorter than 1ength of head A. (H.) oblongus
(Figs 560--566)
-. Sensilli with stalk longer than length of head 19
19. Notogastral setae lanceolate, rough A .(H.) stilifer
(Figs 588-óOl)
-. Notogastral setae rigid, not lanceolate, barbed 20
20. Rostral setae bent inwards A. (H.) ensiferus
(Figs 517-520)
-. Rostral setae ben t forwards 21
21. Sensilli long, longer than height of prodorsum, setae ad2 simi1ar in shape to other setae of ano-
adanal plate A. (H.) remigerus
(Figs 507-510)
-. Sensilli shorter than height of prodorsum, setae ad2 thick and different in shape than other setae of
anoadanal plate A. (H.) collaris
(Figs 502-506)
3.2. SPECIFICITY AND FREQUENCY OF THE FAUNA
Presently 108 Phthiraearoidea speeies have been deseribed from the Ethiopian region
(Tab. l). Two of them are nomina dubia. This work provides deseriptions of 18 new spe-
cies.
The speeifieity and distinet eharaeter of the Phthiearaeoidea fauna of the Ethiopian
region is best illustrated by the high number of endemie speeies (73 - 67.6 %) and a rela-
tively high number of the speeies whieh do not oeeur outside Afriea, (Ethiopian (19 - 17.6
%), in total 92 speeies 85.2 % of the speeies found) (Tab. 3). Surprisingly speeific is the
ptyetima fauna of neighbouring geographieal regions: 90 % of the speeies oeeur exc1u-
sively in the Palearetie, 84.9 % in the Oriental region and 84.6 % in the Australian region
(NIEDBALA 2000).
The widespread speeies are represented only by 9 pantropieal ones (8.3 %) and 3
semieosmopolitan ones (2.7 %). Two speeies were introdueed: S.(S.) magnus from Europe
76
and P. nitens from the Palaearetie, both onto S1. Helena Island, where eaeh of them was
found at 5 loealities.
The largest number of speeies was found in Tanzania and on Madagasear, lesser in
Uganda, Congo and Angola (Tab. 2).
Two pantropieal species are the most abundant in the region: A(H.) stilifer and A(H.)
vitrinus as well as three Ethiopian speeies: H. ambiguus, H. frater and P. machadoi. Two
of them A(H.) vitrinus and P. machadoi are also the most frequent as far as the number of
loealities and subregion s is eoneerned. Two endemie speeies: A. sculptilis and S.(S.) car-
losi, are also abundant, although they oeeurs only on Comoro Islands and Tenerife,
respeetively. The former speeies oeeurs exclusively or mainlyon the eontinent (Table 4).
D Pl.
A. machadoi
H.frater
H. vitrinus16.4
sculptilis
stilifer
ambiguus
(H.) 17.0
7.5
2.8
5.2
8.1 C
3.3. THE FAUNA OF THE CONTINENT AND THE ISLANDS
The number of speeies oeeurring on Afriea mainland is 73 (67.6 % of all speeies

found), on the islands near Afriea 45, and 36 speeies, so one third of all speeies found,
oeeur exclusively on the islands (Tab. 4). There are only 9 eommon speeies (8.3 %): P.
anonymus, P. ochthus, P. pygmaeus, P. kugohi, A. (H.) jloridus, A (H.) minisetosus, A (H.)
multirugosus, A(H.) tuberculosissimus, A(H.) vitrinus. Apart from two Ethiopian speeies
(A. (H.) minisetosus and A(H.) multirugosus) they are widespread or pantropieal and one
of them is semieosmopolitan. This means that the eontinent and the islands have rather
speeifie faunas, represented by speeies of narrow geographieal distribution.
The number of endemie speeies established for the eontinent is 44 (60.3 %), and for
the islands 29 (64 %). The fauna of the islands has more pantropieal elements (8 speeies -
17.8 %) than the fauna of the eontinent. These speeies were probably passively trans-
ported to the islands and often remained there did not penetrat into the eontinent. An in-
teresting feature is a low number of Ethiopian speeies (5 so 11.1 %). Exeept Cape Verde
Islands and Seyehelles, eaeh of the islands - irrespeetive of geographieal position - has its
own speeifie (Tab. 6, 7) Phthiraearoidea fauna, whose speeifieity ean be estimated by the
number of endemie speeies. The strongest endemism is expressed in the fauna of Mada-
gasear, (17 endemie speeies) (Tab. 10). La Reunion and Mauritius lying close to eaeh
other in south-east have speeifie distinet and highly endemie fauna, similarly as the Ca-
nary Islands lying near the north-western eoast of Afriea, or the St. Helena Island lying in
the south. Aeeording to MAHUNKA(l987a) the Oribatida fauna of Cape Verde Islands is
closer to that of Palearetie than that of Afriea. However, the Ptyetima fauna whieh in-
cludes only widespread speeies, does not seem to eonfirm this eonclusion.
77
3.4. SUBREGIONS AND ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENT S
As far as the presence of different zoogeographical elements is concerned, particular

subregions of the Ethiopian region reveal certain specificity. Five groups of subregion s
can be distinguished.
The first group is nonspecific and includes only the Cape Verde Islands with the pan-
tropical species.
The second group is Angola, Cameroon, Togo and Uganda (subregions of the western
part of central Africa); their fauna is a mixture of different zoogeographical elements (Tab.
2,5).
La Reunion, Mauritius, Comoro Islands, Seychelles, St. Helena Island belong to the
third group (the islands near the south-eastern coast of Africa, except for St. Helena Is-
land). Their fauna is dominated by widespread pantropical species (Seychelles) but on
many of them the presence of endemic species has been established, a few on Comoro
Islands, Mauritius, La Reunion (Tab. 7) and St. Helena Island.
The fourth group of subregion s includes the countries of central and eastern Africa
(except Ivory Coast): Kenya, Malawi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Ethiopia,
and Somalia (Tab. 2, 5). Their fauna is composed mainly of Ethiopian and endemic spe-
cies, without widespread species or with one or two such species: in Congo -l, Rwanda-
2, Somalia -l.
The fifth group comprises specific regions represented by the majority of endemic
species, covering the area of Tanzania and Madagascar.
Perhaps because of restricted amount of the material studied, the thesis put forward by
MAHUNKA (l987b) that the area of Ethiopia seems to be a transition zone between the
faunas of the Palaearctic and Ethiopian regions is doubtfull.
3.5. ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS AND SUBREGIONS

3.5.1. Endemites
The greatest number of endemites (here the species occurring at a single locality or at
the most at a few localities in the same subregion), has been found in the eastern part of
Africa: Tanzania, Kenya, Madgascar, and Somalia, the lesser in central Africa: Malawi,
Uganda, Rwanda. A relatively large number of endemites has been reported from the
Democratic Republic of Congo, but it should be remembered that the largest number of
samples was collected in this region.
The highest number of endernites in the east Africa testifies to the strong speciation
taking place there. Probably the fauna inflowing into the area underwent strong adaptive
radiation caused by specific conditions in high mountains.
3.5.2. Ethiopian elements
The 19 species of the Ethiopian element having its presence limited to two or three
countries (on1y Plonaphacarus machadoi is widespread as occurs in 8 countries of central
Africa) can be divided into three groups:
The first one includes 7 species (P. ochthus, P. parabaloghi, P. machadoi, H. frater,
78
A. inaequus" P. dignus, A.(H.) pallens), of disjunctive range in central Africa. The second
group is composed of 4 species (S. (R.) injlatus, S.(S.) vestitus, A. aokii, P. prominens) also
occurring in central Africa but of compact range. Perhaps these species are endemic.
The third group comprises the Ethiopian elements characterised by the distribution
suggesting the origin from eastem regions: Oriental or Australian. This group comprises
three species (H. ambiguus, H. discrepus, S.(S.) sol) ranging from the eastem to central
Africa, two species (A.(H.) multirugosus, A.(H.) tubercullosissimus) occurring on the
eastem islands and the central countries of central Africa, and three species (P. mayottei,
A.(H.) brevipilis, A. (H.) minisetosus) of decidedly eastem origin.
3.5.3. Widespread species
As can be concluded from analysis of the distribution of the widespread species (in-
cluding 3 semicosmopolitan and 9 pantropical ones), five of them may have dispersed
from the east, probably from the Oriental region. This group includes 3 species (P.
schauenbergi, A. inelegans, A.(H.) singularis) occurring on the south-eastem islands but
not reaching the deep continent and 2 species (P. anonymus and P. kugohi) occurring on
the same islands as well as in the eastern part of the continent.
The second group includes 4 species of the occurrence limited to two countries in
central Africa: P. pygmaeus, A.(H.)stilifer, A. (H.) cucullatus and P. lentulus, although the
latter might have been introduced to Africa artificially.
The third group includes pantropical species widespread in Africa from Cape Verde
Island in the west to Comoro Islands in the east (A.H.jloridus, A.(H.) vitrinus).
3.6. DISTRIBUTION OF GENERIC-LEVEL TAXA IN SUBREGIONS
The fauna of the Ethiopian region includes representatives of three groups of genera.
The first one is composed of widespread genera: Phthiracarus, Plonaphacarus and At-
ropacarus (Hoplophorella), so the two most primitive ones and one the most evolutionar-
ily distant. The widespread distribution of the species belonging to the most phylogeneti-
cally distant genera is one of the arguments for colonisation of Africa by the species from
the whole group of the Phthiracaroidea before the final formation of the continent i.e.
before the continental drift.
The second group of genera (Hoplophthiracarus, Steganacarus and Protophthira-
carus) occurs mainly in central Africa.
The third group (Arphthicarus, Austrophthiracarus and Notophthiracarus) are the
genera of decidedly eastem distribution in Africa. The path of migration for the species of
the genus Notophthiracarus in particular, but for those belonging to the Arphthircarus as
well, can be clearly depicted from the Australian region through the eastem Africa is-
lands, Tanzania, up to Zaire, where oni y one species of Notophthiracarus occurs.
Species of Notophthiracarus abundant1y present in the Ethiopian region (tab. 1,3) are
probably of southem Australian or southern African origin. In both these regions this
genus belongs to the genera of most abundant in species. Over 45% of the Phthiracaroidea
species found in the Australian region (NIEDBALA 2000) and aboud 35% of those found in
South Africa (unpublished data) belong to Notophthiracarus. Africa is the centre of speci-
ation of the genus Steganacarus (mainly in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda,
Uganda and Tanzania), and first of all Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus), mainlyon the Ca-
79
nary Islands. Strong speeiation has also been evident for the subgenus Atropacarus (Hop-
lophorella) (partieularly in Angola), whieh is unusually abundantly represented by en-
demie speeies. St. Helena Island has been identified as the area of radiation of the Phthi-
racarus. The other subregion s sueh as Co moro Islands, Madagasear, Mauritius, Kenya
and Somalia are non-speeifie in this aspeet.
3.7. DISCUSSION
The core of Phthiraearoidea fauna of Afriea was developed before the division of
Pangea, whieh is evideneed by the presenee of the phylogenetically oldest and youngest
speeies. On the other hand, Afriea seems to be a young eontinent, relatively reeently eolo-
nised by some Phthiraearoidea speeies, as implied by a large number of speeies represent-
ing the most derived genera in two phylogenetie lines. These are the genera Steganacarus
in one line and Notophthiracarus and Hoplophorella in another. The total number of spe-
cies belonging to these genera makes 57 %, so more than half of all speeies found in the
region (Tab. 3).
For the two subgenera, taking extreme positions in the cladogram, Afriea is the eentre
of speeiation. This eoneerns the genus Steganacarus, and first of all Steganacarus (Rha-
caplacarus). The range of Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) typical for the Ethiopian region
reaehes to Australia, northern part of Queensland, and has one disjunet loeality in Japan
(NIEDBALA 2000). AIso the subgenus Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) particularly abun-
dantly represented by endemie species undergoes strong speeiation; St. Helena Island is
the eenter of radiation of Phthiracarus.
The morphologieal features of some speeies e.g. S.(S.) complicatus, S.(S.) werneri,
S.(S.) vestitus are insignifieant, whieh means that they are at the stage of speeies differen-
tiation. Another example of speeies at the stage of differentiation are: A.(H.) pustulatus
and A. (H.) subciliatus.
The abundant Notophthiracarus is clearly of the southern, Australian or South Afri-
ean origin. The other subgenus of Atropacarus (Atropacarus) does not oeeur in Afriea.
Contemporary distribution of Phthiraearoidea of the Ethiopian region seems a result
of a eomplex mixture: the origin before the break-up of Pangea (NIEDBALA 1991) and
dispersion of eertain speeies or even gen era from the east, probably from Oriental region
or from south i.e. the Australian region or southern Afriea. This seeond suggestion is
based on following data:
1. Strong speeiation of endemie speeies in the eastern part of the Ethiopian region,
2. The oeeurrenee of a signifieant group of Ethiopian speeies usually found in the east of
Afriea,
3. The presenee of 5 semicosmopolitan species of distinctly eastern distribution,
4. The presence of representatives of 3 genera of definitely east-African distribution, in
particular Notophthiracarus - the genu s abundant in the Australian region and in
South Africa.
No ecological correlations were found on the basis of descriptions of the localities
studied.
80
4. THE EUPHTHIRACAROIDEA OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION
4.1. DESCRIPTIONS AND REDESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
A detailed analysis of Euphthiraearoidea was presented in an earlier work (NIEDBALA

1998b). Below I give some taxonomie remarks, supplement deseriptions and redeserip-
tions of a few speeies and speeify new loeaIities.
4.1.1. List oCspecies
Oribotritia africana STARY, 1993 Ethiopian

Oribotritia paraspinosa MAHUNKA,1999 Endemie
Oribotritia solitaria NIEDBALA,1993 Endemie
Oribotritia spinosa (MAHUNKA,1988) Endemie
Oribotritia succincta NIEDBALA,1998 Endemie
Oribotritia tiwi MAHUNKA, 1987 Ethiopian
Oribotritia virgulata sp. nov. Endemie
Mesotritia australis MAHUNKA,1984 Ethiopian

Mesotritia ruwenzorii NIEDBALA,1998 EthlOpian
lndotritia (Afrotritia) compacta MAHUNKA,1988 Ethiopian
lndotritia (Indotritia) breviseta (BERLESE, 1923) Endemie
lndotritia (Indotritia) clavata WALLWORK,1978 Endemie
lndotritia (Indotritia) krakatauensis (SELLNICK,1923) Pantropieal
lndotritia (Indotritia) nuda MAHUNKA,1988 Endemie
lndotritia (Indotritia) paulyi NIEDBALA,1998 Endemie
lndotritia (Indotritia) tripartita NIEDBALA,1998 Endemie
Austrotritia herenessica (PEREZ-INIGO, 1986) Endemie
Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) incredibilis (MAHUNKA,1999) Endemie
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) africanus MAHUNKA,1983 Endemie
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) bicarinatus STARY,1991 Endemie
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) disparilis NIEDBALA,1998 Ethiopian
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) heterotrichus MAHUNKA,1988 Ethiopian
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) inopinatus (NIEDBALA,l 993) Endemie
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) kunsti STARY1988 Endemie
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) secundus (MAHUNKA,1983) Endemie
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) trentus (MAHUNKA,1983) Endemie
Rhysotritia ardua (C.L.KOCH, 1841) SemieosmopoIitan
Rhysotritia comteae MAHUNKA,1983 Pantropieal
Rhysotritia granulata MAHUNKA,1999 Endemie
Rhysotritia reticulata MAHUNKA, 1988 Endemie
Rhysotritia rustica NIEDBALA,1991 Ethiopian
Rhysotritia spiculifera MAHUNKA,1991 Oriental
Microtritia hauseri MAHUNKA, 1993 Endemie
Microtritia striatissima MAHUNKA,1999 Endemie
Microtritia tropica MARKEL, 1964 Pantropieal
Bukitritia timah (MAHUNKA, 1990) Oriental
81
4.1.2. Review of the species found in new localities
Oribotritiidae GRANDJEAN,1954
Oribotritia JACOT, 1924

Oribotritia africana STARY,1993
NEW LOCALITIES IN ETIOPIAN REGION: Ivory Coast - Appouesso, FC Bossematie,
forest, Fno1C, Tervuren 178.098, 4.VI.1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso,
FC Bossematie, forest, Fno4E, Tervuren 178.112, 16.VII.1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l
sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno2A, Tervuren 178.111, 7.Y.1995, leg. Jaeque
et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, FnolB, Tervuren 178.101,
19.x1.1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno3F,
Tervuren 178.110, 20.V1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie,
forest, Fno4C, Tervuren 178.107, 20.Y.1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso,
FC Bossematie, forest, Fno2A, Tervuren 178.117, 14.x1.1994, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l
sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno1C, Tervuren 178.095, 2.VII.1995, leg. Jaeque
et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno2A, Tervuren 178.102,
9.1V1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, FnolB, Ter-
vuren 178.109, 4.VI.1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie,
forest, Fno2E, Tervuren 178.103, 30.VII. 1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso,
FC Bossematie, forest, Fno1C, Tervuren 178.114, 14.XI.1994, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l
sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno2D, Tervuren 178.106, 20.V1995, leg. Jaeque
et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno1C, Tervuren 178.113,
l.XII.1994, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno4E,
Tervuren 178.115, 14.xU994, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie,
forest, Fno2E, Tervuren 178.100, 7.V1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC
Bossematie, forest, Fno2A, Tervuren 178.108, 23.1V1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.);
Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno2D, Tervuren 178.091, 4.VI.1995, leg. Jaeque et
Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno3D, Tervuren 178.092, 9.1V1995,
leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest, Fno3F, Tervuren
178.094, 18.VI.1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC Bossematie, forest,
Fno2A, Tervuren 178.097, 20.V1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.); Appouesso, FC
Bossematie, forest, Fno2B, Tervuren 178.104, 20.V1995, leg. Jaeque et Tanoh - (l sp.)
Togo, the remains of tropical forest near Kralimpe, 4.II.1989, leg. W.Niedbala
sub O. bicarinata: Togo, 30 km E of Kara, the remains of tropie al forest near Sara,
2.11.1989, leg. W.Niedbala (NIEDBALA1993b).
DISTRIBUTION. Ethiopia~.
Oribotritia paraspinosa MAHUNKA,1999
(Figs 646-650)
MATERIAL EXAMINED. Paratype in a1cohollabelled: "Oribotritia paraspinosa sp. n.

Paratype Madagasear Antananarivo, 1989 No. 9891 leg. T.Poes det. S.Mahunka" (eour-
tesy of Dr. S.Mahunka, Zoologie al Department of the Hungarian Natural Museum in Bu-
dapest).
MEASUREMENTS OF SPECIMEN from locality FMHD 94-55: prodorsum: length 530,
width 414, height 202, sensillus 60.6, setae: in 141, Ze 151, ro 126; notogaster: length
82
Comoro Islands, Mayotte, Mt. Benara, Winkler extraction, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren
178.196,23-27.11.1999, Rec. RJaque and G. De Smet - (13 sp.); Mayotte, Chembeny-
oumba, Winkler extraction, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.214,2-4.111.1999, Rec. RJaque
and G. De Smet - (13 sp.); Mayotte, Mt. Combani, Hab. Winkler extraction, of forest
litter, Fn RG.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.201,22 - 23.11.1999, Rec. RJaque and G. De Smet-
(1 sp.); Mayotte, Coconi SDA, HAB., Pitfalls in wet area, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren
178.219, 18.11.- 4.111.1999, Rec. R.Jaque and G. De Smet - (11 sp.); Mayotte, Tsingoni,
HAB. Winkler extraction, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.195, 27.11.- 4.111.1999, Rec.
RJaque and G. De Smet - ( ca. 40 sp.); Mayotte, Mt. Combani, Hab. Winkler extraction,
Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.216,22 - 23.11.1999, Rec. RJaque and G. De Smet - (4
sp.); Mayotte, Tsingoni, Hab. Winkler extraction, Fn RG.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.220,
27.11.- 4.111.1999, Rec. RJaque and G. De Smet - (5 sp.); Mayotte, Mt. Combani, Hab.
Winkler extraction, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.217,22-24.11.1999, Rec. RJaque and
G. De Smet - (4 sp.); Mayotte, Mt. Choungui, Hab. Winkler extraction, Fn RG.Mus. B-
Tervuren 178.200, 15-17.11.1999, Rec. R.Jaque and G. De Smet- (4 sp.);
NEW LOCALITY IN ETHlOPIAN REGION: Madagascar - Foulpointe, forest, laguna,
Fn°, Tervuren 178.119, X1.1995, leg. Pauly - (4 sp.)
DISTRIBUTION. Endemie, distributed only on eastern islands of Africa.
Oribotritia tiwi MAHUNKA,1997

NEW LOCALITIES IN ETHlOPIAN REGION: Madagascar, Befingotra (11.0 km WSW),
Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 16.x1.1994; montane rainforest, sifted litter, leaf mold and rotten
wood; B.L.Fisher; 1232 (l-50); Winkler (FMHD 94-58) - (9 sp.); Fianarantsoa;
RS.lvohibe, 7.5 km. ENE Ivohibe, camp I; 7-12.x.1997; rainforest, sifted litter (Ieaf
mold, rotton wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1745; mini-Winkler (FMHD 97-502) - (1 sp.)
DISTRIBUTION. Ethiopian.
Oribotritia virguZata sp. llOV.

(Figs 651-655)
MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE: prodorsum: length 596, width 454, height 454,

sensillus 114, setae: in 126, Ze 58.2, ro 53.1, ex 83.5; notogaster: length 1090, width and
height 707, setae: Cj 83.5, hj andpsj 68.3; genital and aggenital plates 283x14l, anal and
adanal plates 505x95.9.
DESCRIPTION. Colour yellow. Surface of body punctated.
Prodorsum with two pairs of long lateral carinae. Irregular fields in posterior part present.
Sensilli rigid, rough, pointed distally. Setae procumbent, rather short, exobothridial setae
very long, in>ex>Ze>ro.
Notogaster with distinct striation but only in anterior and dorsal part. Setae feeble, very
short, setae of row c remote from anterior border.
Ventral region. Setae h of mentum considerably longer than distance between them. Eight
pairs of genital and 2 pairs of aggenital setae present, 3 pairs of geni tal setae in kag posi-
tion, aggenital setae similar in length. Anal plates each with 3 minute setae, adanal plate
each with 3 longer setae, lyrifissures iad located laterally of ad] setae.
Leg chaetotaxy and solenidiotaxy (without tarsi): I: 1-4-5(2)-5(1), II: 1-4-4(1)-5(1), III:
3-2-3(1)-3(1), IV: 3-2-2(1)-3(1). AU tarsi triheterodactylous.
Holotype and 7 paratypes: Madagascar - Befingotra (9.2 km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-
Sud; 5.x1.1994; rainforest: litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, montane; B.L.Fisher; 1158 (6);
sifting, (FMHD 94-55).
84
COMPARISON. The new speeies is distinguishable by the striation of anterior and dorsal
part of notogaster, feeble setae and presenee of 3 pairs of anal and 3 pairs of adanal setae.
ETYMOLOG Y: The speeifie name virguZata is Latin for "striped" and refers to striation
of notogaster.
ANOTHER LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Madagasear, Befingotra (9.2 km
WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 9.XI.l994; montane rainforest: litter, leaf mold,rotten
wood; B.L.Fisher; 1192; sifting, (FMHD 94-56) - (4 sp.).
DISTRIBUTION. Endemie.
lndotritia JACOT, 1929
lndotritia (lndotritia) krakatauensis (SELLNICK,1923)

NEW LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Comoro Islands, Mayotte, Dziani Kari-
hani, Winkler extraetion, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.202, 17 - 22.II.1999, Ree. RJaque
and G. De Smet - (8 sp.); Mayotte, Chembenyoumba, Winkler extraetion, Fn R.G.Mus.
B- Tervuren 178.214, 2-4.III.l999, Ree. R.Jaque and G. De Smet - (I sp.); Mayotte, Dzia-
ni Karihani, HAB., Pitfalls in forest, Fn RG.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.199, 14.II.- l. III. 1999,
Ree. RJaque and G. De Smet - (I sp.).
DISTRIBUTION. Pantropical.
lndotritia (lndotritia) pauZyi NIEDBALA,1998

NEW LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Malagasy Republie, Antananarivo Prov.
Angavo Esearpment, old Euealyptus plantation replaeing montane rainforest at the S side
of main road between Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from the eapital, at 1350-
1400 m alt., 27. VIII. 1998, leg. T.Poes, No. 9891 (2 speeimen) (MAHUNKA 1999). Mada-
gasear, Befingotra (11.0km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 16.xI.1994; montane rainfor-
est, sifted litter, leaf mold and rotten wood; B.L.Fisher; 1232 (I-50); Winkler (FMHD 94-
58) - (9 sp.); Befingotra (9.2 km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 5.x1.1994; rainforest:
litter, leaf mold, rotten wood, montane; B.L.Fisher; 1158 (6); sifting (FMHD 94-55) - (4
sp.); Fianarantsoa; 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, eamp IV; 3-9.XI.l997; afromontane forest, sifted
litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1753; mini-Winkler (FMHD 97-597) - (2
sp.); Fianarantsoa; 9.0 km NE Ivohibe, eamp V; 12-17.1.1997; rainforest, sifted litter (leaf
mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1757; mini-Winkler (FMHD 97-510) - (22 sp.);
Befingotra (9.2 km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 9.XI.1994; montane rainforest: litter,
leaf mold,rotten wood; B.L.Fisher; 1192; sifting (FMHD 94-56) - (27 sp.); Fianarantsoa;
RS.lvohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, eamp III; 24-30.X.1997; montane rainforest, sifted
litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1751; mini-Winkler (FMHD 97-506) -
(10 sp.); Fianarantsoa; R.S.lvohibe, 8 km East of Ivohibe, eamp II; 15-2l.X.1997; mon-
tane rainforest, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotton wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1747; mini-Winkler
(FMHD 97-503) - (24 sp.); Befingotra (6.5 km SSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud;
19.X.1994; rainforest: litter, leafmold, rotten wood; B.L.Fisher; 1070; sifting (FMHD 94-
54) - (2 sp.).
lndotritia (lndotritia) tripartita NIEDBALA,1998

NEW LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Comoro Islands, Mayotte, Mt. Combani,
Hab. Winkler extraetion, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.218,22-24.11.1999, Ree. R.Jaque
and G. De Smet - (4 sp.); Mayotte, Coconi, HAB. Winkler extraetion of bamboo litter, Fn
85
R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.197, 18-22.11.1999, Rec. RJaque and G. De Smet - (2 sp.);
Mayotte, Dziani Karihani, Hab. Pitfalls in forest, Fn R.G.Mus. B-Tervuren 178.203,
14.11.1999, Rec. R.Jaque and G. De Smet - (l sp.).
lndotritia (AJrotritia) compacta MAHUNKA,1988

NEW LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Dem. Rep. Congo, Mulenge, hab. foret
de montagne, Fn. R.G. Mus. B-Tervuren 113.138, XII.1958, Rec. Leleup N. - (2 sp.);
Dem. Rep. Congo, Route Lubero - Butembo, Lukanga Region, foret de Vukengete, ca.
2IlO m , dans terrean, R.G.Mus. Afr. Centr. 168.369, XII. 1974 - 1.1975, Rec. M. Lejenne
- (6 sp.); Dem. Rep. Congo, Luvungi, with humus, Fn R.G. Mus. B-Tervuren 111.218,
Y.1958, Rec. Leleup N. - (2 sp.).
Euphthiracarus EWING, 1917

Niedbalaia MAHUNKA, 1999 syn. nov.
Careful analysis of the holotype of Niedbalaia incredibilis MAHUNKA,1999 - type species

of genu s Niedbalaia, has shown that two features: three dorsal carinae and heterotrichy of
genital setae, distinguish this "genu s" from the Euphthiracarus. These two features are
also found in other species of ptyctimous mites, e.g. longer geni tal setae in Euphthira-
carus tanythrix WALKER, 1965 and cannot be treated as criteria differentiating genera.
Truly regretting I have to propose synonymisation of this genus.
REMARKS. Saying in 1999 that "species should rather be grouped into clearly demar-
cated units" Mahunka declared himself as advocate of the taxonomic evolutionary school,
but on the other hand saying "that all supraspecific taxa are the concoction of the human
mind" he lets himself be known as nominalist and advocate of fenetic school.
In my opinion, in many groups of mites an assesment of phylogenetic hierarchy of mor-
phological features is possible. As far as formulation of a classification system is con-
cerned, I am aU for the phylogenetic approach, a taxonomic school close to cladism. There
have been observations of phylogenetical tendencies expressed morphologicaUy as fusion
of geni tal and aggenital plates or anal and adanal plates, trace of fusion visible as chang-
ing positions of setae, e. g. on genital plates, setae d on femora, or fusion of bases of the
setae with solenidia on legs. I believe that defining the genera among ptyctimous mites
and other oribatids is possible on the basis of phylogenetic arguments, instead of using
unordered sets of differentiating features, without their polarisation, order of historical
procedure and searching for gaps in morphological characters.
Euphthiracarus incredibilis (MAHUNKA,1999)

(Figs 656-658)
Niedbalaia incredibilis MAHUNKA, 1999
MATERIAL EXAMINED: holotype in alcohollabeUed: "Niedbalaia incredibilis gen. n.,

sp. n. holotype Madagascar, Antananarivo, 1989. No. 9891 leg. T.Pocs det. S.Mahunka"
(courtesy of Dr. S.Mahunka, Zoological Department of the Hungarian Naturai Museum in
Budapest).
MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE: prodorsum: length 288, height 126, sensillus 124,
setae: in 136, le 104, ro 109, ex 37.9; notogaster: length 545, height 364, setae: CI 106, Cl
88.5, CJ 50.6, hl and PSl 109; length of genitoaggenital plate 202, length of anoadanal
86
plate 253; setae agj 17.7, ag2 68.3, gj 20.2, g7 68.3.
DIAGNOSIS AND ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION. Colour light brown; surfaee eovered
with dense striation. Prodorsum with three dorsal earinae and two pairs of lateral earinae,
sensilli long, straight, thiek, rather obtuse distally sparsely eovered with small spines;
interlamellar and lamellar setae ereet, rigid, eovered with small spines, rostral setae the
thiekest, proeumbent, rough. Notogaster with 14 pairs of rigid setae, pointed distaly and
eovered with small spines, setae of row c remote from anterior border, setae Cj more than
setae Cb setae Cj less than setae Cb Cj>C2>Cj. Ventral region, setae h of mentum longer
than distanee between them; 9 pairs of geni tal setae, setae g6.9 longer than setae g j.5, ratio
3.4; aggenital setae unequal in length, ratio ag2/agj = 3.8; 3 pairs of anal and 3 pairs of
adanal setae present, lyrifissures iad posteriorly of anj setae. Legs ehaetotaxy and so-
lenidiotaxy (without tarsi): I: 1-3-5(2)-5(1), II: 1-3-3(1)-4(1), III: 2-2-2(1)-2(1), IV: 2-
1-1(1)-2(1). All tarsi monodaetylous.
LOCALlTY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Malagasy Republie, Antananarivo Prov. Angavo
Esearpment, old Eucalyptus plantation replaeing montane rainforest at the S side of main
road between Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from the eapital, at 1350-1400 m alt.,
27. VIII. 1998, leg. T.Poes, No. 9891 (one speeimen) (MAHUNKA1999).
Rhysotritia MARKEL et MEYER, 1959

Rhysotritia ardua (C.L. KOCH, 1841)
NEW LOCALlTIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Angola, Lune de Carvalho, foret-galeria
ehutes, 24.VI.1964, leg. R. Chieapa (FMHD 64-242) Luna de Carvalho, foret-galeria,
pres de piseine de Dundo, 18.XII.1964, leg. R.Mussungue, (FMHD 64-238) - (5 sp.);
Comoro Islands, Mayotte, Mt. Choungui, Hab. Winkler extraetion, Fn R.G.Mus. B-
Tervuren 178.200, 15-17.11.1999, Ree. R.Jaque and G. De Smet - (1 sp.); Kenia, RS1320,
Kilimanjaro - (1 sp.); Madagasear, Befingotra (9.2 km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud;
9.x1.1994; montane rainforest: litter, leaf mold,rotten wood; B.L.Fisher; 1192; sifting
(FMHD 94-60) - (4 sp.); Rwanda, P.N. Akagera, Berlese, Fn R.G. Mus. B. Tervuren 178.
213, 30.xL- 7.x1l.1985, Ree. RJaeque, Nsengimana, Miehiels - (5 sp.); Togo, 30 km E
of Kara, the remains of tropieal forest near Sara, 2.11.1989, leg. W.Niedbala - (7 sp.).
DISTRIBUTION. Semieosmopolitan.
Rhysotritia comteae MAHUNKA,1983

Rhysotritia anchistea NIEDBALA, 1998 (NJEDBALA 2000)
LOCALlTY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION sub Rhysotritia d. anchistea: Malagasy Republie,

Antananarivo Prov. Angavo Esearpment, old Euealyptus plantation replaeing montane
rainforest at the S side of main road between Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from
the eapital, at 1350-1400 m alt., 27.VIII.1998, leg. T.Poes, No. 9891 (MAHUNKA1999).
NEW LOCALlTIES: Dem. Rep. Congo, Tanganyika, Hab. humus, Ree. Miss. ZooI.
LR.S.A. C. Fn. R.G. Mus. B-Tervuren 111.002, 1-6.V.1957, - (1 sp.); Madagasear, Fiana-
rantsoa; 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, eamp IV; 3-9.XI.1997; afromontane forest, sifted litter (leaf
mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1753; mini- Winkler (FMHD 97-507) - (5 sp.); Fi-
anarantsoa; 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady; 7.1.1998; disturbed montane rainfor-
est; B.L.Fisher; BF#1593; pitfall traps (50 eups) (FMHD 98-335) - (11 sp.); RS451 sam-
ple from R. Sehuster eolleetion - (1 sp.); Togo, 30 km E of Kara, the remains of tropieal
87
forest near Sara, 2.II.1989, leg. W.Niedbala - 2 sp.); Togo, the remains of tropieal forest
near Kralimpe, 4.11.1989, leg. W.Niedbala - (5 sp.)
DISTRIBUTION. Pantropieal.
Rhysotritia granulata MAHUNKA,1999

(Fig. 659)
MATERIAL EXAMINED: paratype in alcohol labelled: "Rhysotritia granulata sp. n.

Paratype Madagasear, Antananarivo, 1989 No. 9891 leg. T.Poes det. S.Mahunka" (eour-
tesy of Dr. S.Mahunka, Zoologieal Department of the Hungarian Natural Museum in Bu-
dapest).
MEASUREMENTS OF PARATYPE: prodorsum: length 252, height 106, sensillus 83.5,
setae: in 114, le 65.8, ro 60.7, ex 10.1; notogaster: length 505, height 384, setae: CI 75.9,
hl and PSl 93.6; length of genitoaggenital plate 182, length of anoadanal plate 228.
DIAGNOSIS. Colour light brown. Surfaee, espeeially of notogaster eovered by seeretion
of granules, partly as polygonal pattern. Prodorsum with one pair of lateral earinae bifur-
eated distally, sensilli with elongated, narrow, slightly fusiform he ad eovered with small
spines, dorsal setae ereet eovered with small spines, in>le>ro, exobothridial setae minute.
Notogaster with 14 pairs of relatively short setae eovered with small spines in distal half,
setae of row C remote from anterior border, setae C2 more than other. Ventral region, 9
pairs of minute genital setae with formula 7: 2, 2 pairs of minute aggenital setae present; 3
pairs of anal and 3 pairs of adanal setae present. Leg ehaetotaxy and solenidiotaxy (with-
out tarsi): I: 1-3-4(2)5(1), II: 1-3-3(1)-4(1), III: 2-2-2(1)-3(1), IV: 2-1-2(0)-2(1), tarsi
I bi-, tarsi II-IV triheterodaetylous.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Malagasy Republie, Antananarivo Prov. Angavo
Escarpment, old Euealyptus plantation replacing montane rainforest at the S side of main
road between Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from the capital, at 1350-1400 m alt.,
27.VIII.1998, leg. T.Poes, No. 9891 (3 specimens) (MAHUNKA1999).
Rhysotritia rustica NIEDBALA,1991

NEW LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Angola, Luna de Carvalho, fon~t-galeria,
pres de piseine de Dundo, 18.XII.1964, leg. R.Mussungue, (FMHD 64-238) - (1 sp.);
Madagasear, Fianarantsoa; 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, camp IV; 3-9.x1.1997; afromontane for-
est, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF# 1753; mini- Winkler (FMHD 97-
507) - (l sp.); Befingotra (11.0km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud; 16.x1.1994; montane
rainforest, sifted litter, leaf mold and rotten wood; B.L.Fisher; 1232 (l-50); Winkler
(FMHD 94-60) - (2 sp.).
Rhysotritia spiculifera MAHUNKA,1991
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Malagasy Republic, Antananarivo Prov. Angavo

Escarpment, old Eucalyptus plantation replaeing montane rainforest at the S side of main
road betWeen Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from the capital, at 1350-1400 m alt.,
27.VIII.1998, leg. T.Pocs, No. 9891 (MAHUNKA1999).
DISTRIBUTION. Oriental.
88
Bukitritia MAHUNKA, 1990
Bukitritia timah MAHUNKA,1990
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Malagasy Republic, Antananarivo Prov. Angavo
Escarpment, old EucaZyptus plantation replacing montane rainforest at the S side of main
road between Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from the capital, at 1350-1400 m alt.,
27.VIII.1998, leg. TPoes, No. 9891 (MAHUNKA1999).
DISTRIBUTION.Oriental.
Microtritia MARKEL, 1964

Microtritia hauseri MAHUNKA,1993
LOCALITIES IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Malagasy Republic, Antananarivo Prov. An-
gavo Esearpment, old Euealyptus plantation replaeing montane rainforest at the S side of
main road between Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from the eapital, at 1350-1400
m alt., 27.VIII. 1998, leg. TPoes, No. 9891; Toamasina Prov. Maromizaha forest, mossy
montane rainforest with bamboo (Nastus sp.) undergrowth on the summit ridge of Mt.
Maromizaha, south of the Andasibe Nat. Park and the Antananariv ? Toamasina road, 2
km W of Anevoka vilage, at 1080-1214 m alt., 26.VIII.1998, leg. TPoes, No. 9890
(MAHUNKA1999).
NEW LOCALITIES: Madagasear, Fianarantsoa; 9.0 km NE Ivohibe, eamp V; 12-
17.I.1997; rainforest, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood); B.L.Fisher; BF#1757; mini-
Winkler (FMHD 97-510) - (3 sp.); Befingotra (9.2 km WSW), Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud;
9.xI.1994; montane rainforest: litter, leaf mold, rotten wood; B.L.Fisher; 1192; sifting
(FMHD 94-56) - (2 sp.).
Microtritia striatissima MAHUNKA,1999

(Figs 660, 661)
MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype in a1cohol labelled: "Microtritia striatissima sp. n.

holotype Madagasear Antananarivo, 1989 No. 9891 leg. TPoes det. S.Mahunka" (eour-
tesy of Dr. S. Mahunka, Zoologieal Department of the Hungarian Naturai Museum in
Budapest).
MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE: prodorsum: length 318, height 111, sensillus 70.8,
setae: in and TO 17.7, Ze 12.6; notogaster: length 586, height 404, setae: CJ 37.9, hJ 30.4,
pSJ 22.8.
DIAGNOSIS AND ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION. Body size large compared to other
congeners. Colour brown, surface of notogaster and ventral plates striated. Prodorsum
with two pairs of lateral earinae, sensilli long, narrowly fusiform, smooth, setae minute,
ro-ro > in-in. Notogaster with 14 pairs of minute setae, setae of row c remote from ante-
rior margin, setae C2 less than setae CJ and CJ. Ventral region, 4 pairs of genital setae, g l in
kag position, g2 remote from paraxial margin; 3 pairs of anal and 3 pairs of adanal setae
present, Iyrifissures iad anteriorly of anJ setae. Legs monodactylous.
COMPARISON. This speeies is simi1ar to another Malagasy Microtritia - M. hauseri but
is easy distinguishable by the larger size of body, striation of body, presenee of two pairs
of prodorsallateral earinae, ag2 remote from paraxial border.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION: Malagasy Republie, Antananarivo Prov. Angavo
Esearpment, old Euealyptus plantation replaeing montane rainforest at the S side of main
89
road between Ambatolaona and Mandraka 40 km E from the eapital, at 1350-1400 m alt.,
27.VIII. 1998, leg. T.Poes, No. 9891 (one speeimen) (MAHUNKA1999).
DISTRIBUTlON. Endemie.
4.1.3. Keys for determination of genera, subgenera and species

l. Ventral plates not completely fused, at \east anal plate separated by a suture, longitudinal suture
of anogenital region without a triangular pattem Oribotritiidae GRANDJEAN,1954
-. Ventral plates completely fused, at least one triangular pattem in longitudinal suture of anogenital
region present Euphthiracaridae JACOT, 1930
Oribotritiidae GRANDJEAN,1954
l. Genitoaggenital suture absent, two plates comp\etely fused .
................................................................................ Austrotritia SELLNICK,1959 A. herenessica
-. Genitoaggenital suture at least partly present, two plates at least basally well separated each from
the other 2
2. Genitoaggenital suture incomplete lndotritia JACOT, 1929
a. anoadanal suture complete subgenus lndotritia n. subgenus
b. anoadanal suture incomplete subgenus Afrotritia MAHUNKA,1988
-. Genitoaggenital suture complete 3
3. Bothridial scale situated above bothridium. Suture between anal and genital plates present .
................................................................................................................ Oribotritia JACOT, 1924
-. Bothridial sca\e situated below bothridium. Suture between anal and genital plates absent .
........................................................................................................ Mesotritia FORSSLUND,1963
Euphthiracaridae JACOT, 1930

l. Two triangles, one medial and one posterior situated in longitudinal suture separating ventral
plates Euphthiracarus EWING, 1917
a. rostral setae originating anteriorly of lamellar setae .
.............................................................................. subgenus Euphthiracarus EWING, 1917
b. rostral setae originating posteriorily or on the level of lamellar setae, always between them ...
....................................................................................... subgenus Pocsia MAHUNKA,1983
-. Only one medial triangle in longitudinal suture 2
2. Genitoaggenital plate with 9 genital setae, trochanter of leg s III and IV with two setae each .
........................................................................................... Rhysotritia MARKELet MEYER, 1959
-. Genitoaggenital plate with 4-5 genital setae, trochanter of leg s III and IV with one seta each .
........................................................................................................... Microtritia MARKEL, 1964
Oribotritia JACOT, 1924

l. Prodorsum with two pairs of lateral carinae 2
-. Prodorsum with one pair of lateral carinae 5
2. Three pairs of anal setae present O. virgulata
-. Less than 3 pairs of anal setae present 3
3. One pair of anal setae O. paraspinosa
- Two pairs of anal setae 4
4. Lateral carinae of prodorsum equal in length, interlamellar and rostral setae robust, barbed .
....... O. africana
-. Upper lateral carinae of prodorsum shorter than lower carinae, interlamellar and rostral setae fine,
smooth O. solitaria
5. Majority of notogastral setae minute, 3 pairs of anal setae O. succincta
90
-. Notogastral setae developed normally, anal plate each without ar at least with one pair of anal
setae 6
6.3 pairs of aggenital setae, one pair of anal setae O. tiwi
-.2 pairs of aggenital setae, anal setae absent O. spinosa
Mesotritia FORSSLUND, 1963

I. 7 pairs of genital setae, 2 pairs of aggenital setae, 2 pairs of anal setae present M. ruwenzorii
-.6 pairs of genital setae, 3 pairs of aggenital setae, 3 pairs of anal setae present M. australis
lndotritia JACOT, 1929

I. Anoventral suture incomplete I. (A.) compacta
-. Anoventral suture complete 2
2.3 pairs of adanal setae 3
-.2 pairs of adanal setae 6
3.2 pairs of anal setae I. (I.) breviseta
-. I pair of anal setae 4
4.3 branches of lateral carinae on prodorsum I. (l.) tripartita
-.2 branches of lateral carinae on prodorsum 5
5. Head of sensiIIi cIavate I. (I.) clavata
-. SensiIIi fi Iiform, sparcely barbed I. (I.) paulyi
6. Setae of body minute, rostral setae not reaching the end of rostrum I. (l.) nuda
-. Setae of body longer, rostral setae exceeding the end of rostrum I. (I.) krakatauensis
Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) stal. nov.

I. Lateral carinae of prodorsum absent E. (P.) trentus
-. At least one lateral carina on each side present 2
2. Prodorsum with twa pairs of lateral carinae E. (P.) bicarinatus
-. Prodorsum with one lateral carina on each side 3
3. Sensilli not fusiform 4
-. SensiIIi fusiform 5
4. Rastral and lameIIar setae of prodorsum erect, setae dJ, d2, h] of notogaster the shortest, adanal
setae ad] longer than anal setae an] E. (P.) disparilis
-. Rostral and lameIIar setae procumbent, notogaster setae rather subequal in length, ad]=an] .
........................................................................................................................... E. (P.) inopinatus
5. Both the longest notogastral setae c] and cp equal in length E. (P.) aJricanus
-. Setae cp three times longer than setae c] 6
6. Rostral setae sIightly longer than lamellar one s E.(P.) secundus
-. Rastral setae distinctly shorter than lameIIar ones 7
7. Tarsi of legs monodactylous E. (P.) heterotrichus
-. Tarsi of legs heterotridactylous E. (P.) kunsti
Rhysotritia MARKEL et MEYER, 1959
l. Tarsi of legs tridactylous 2

-. Tarsi oflegs monodactylous 4
2. Surface of notogaster covered with polygonal reticulation R. reticulata
-. Surface of notogaster without reticulation 3
3. Lateral carinae on prodorsum bifurcate R. comteae
-. Lateral carinae on prodorsum simple R. ardua
4. SensiIIi with narrow head covered with smalI barbs R. rustica
-. SensiIIi with fusiform head, almost smooth R. spiculifera
91
Microtritia MA.RKEL, 1964
1. Notogaster and genitoaggenital surface striated M. striatissima
-. Ali surface of body porose 2
2. 5 pairs of genital setae, genua I with 3 setae, genua IV with one seta M. tropica
-. 4 pairs of genital setae, genua I with 2 setae, genua IV without setae M. hauseri
4.2. DISCUSSION
The Euphthiracaroidea of the Ethiopian region are represented by 36 species found in

over 200 sampIes. Larger number of localities was analysed in the Democratic Republic
of Congo (65), Ivory Coast (34), Madagascar (29), Comoro Islands (19), Tanzania (13).
Single localities were analysed in other countries.
As many as 9 species from different genera and different elements occur abundantly
(Tab. 11), but only one of them (O. africana) very frequently in many localities. An inter-
esting species is the semicosmopolitan R. ardua, not much abundant, found at mean fre-
quency but in as many as ten subregions. Among the most abundant species 7 (O. su c-
cincta, 1.(/.) krakatauensis, 1.(/.) clavata, O. spinosa, 1.(/.) paulyi, O. paraspinosa. O. tiwi)
occur exclusively, or almost exclusively on the islands, and only O. africana exclusively
on the continent and R. comteae mostly on the continent.
D R.
O.
l.
I.
O.I.O.ardua
comteae
tiwi
succincta
(l.)
(l.)
(I.) clavata 6.9
15.0
9.3
6.2
10.6
38.7
5.6
8.1
8.7
krakatauensis
aJricana
spinosa
paraspinosa
paulyi C
Among the Euphthiraearoidea the most abundant (Tab. 13) are endemie species (22 -
61 %), and less the Ethiopian species (8- 22 %). In general, the number of speeies which
do not occur ouside Afriea is 30 (83 %), so it is close to that established for the Phthiraea-
roidea of the Ethiopian region. Widespread speeies are represented by only 3 pantropieal
(8 %) and one semieosmopolitan one. Two speeies Rhysotritia spiculifera and Bukitritia
timah have been artifieially introduced from the Orient.
The highest number of speeies on the eontinent was found in Tanzania and Democ-
ratie Republie of Congo, other eountries were represented by single speeies (Tab. 12). As
far as the islands are eoneerned, the greatest number of speeies was eolleeted on Mada-
gasear, fewer on the Comoro Islands, and single species were found on the other islands
(Tab. 18).
The number of speeies found in the eontinental Africa was 23 (64 %) and on the is-
lands 20 (56 %). Common species are: O. tiwi, 1.(1.) krakatauensis, R. ardua, R. comteae,
R. rustica, R. spiculifera, M. tropica, of whieh almost all are widespread. About 70% of
the Euphthiraearoidea are typieally eontinental, while about 55 % are typieally insular.
92
The faunas of the continent and the islands include a similar number of species related to
the Ethiopian region: 77 % and 70 %, respectively, although on the continent the number
of endemie species is smaller than that on islands (43 % and 60 %), while the number of
the Ethiopian species is higher than on islands (34 % and 10 %, respectively). The number
of endemie species is moderate, both in different regions of the continent and on the is-
lands (Tab. 14-17). The most specific is the Euphthiracaroidea fauna of Tanzania, where
over a half of the species are endemites, and Madagascar, where almost half of the species
are endemites (Tab. 12). In the majority of countries, different zoogeographic elements of
the Euphthiracaroidea are present, only in Cameroon and Cape Verde Islands, Ethiopia
and Seychelles oni y exclusively widespread species can be found.
Among the ethiopian species only one (O. africana) is widespread, and the OCCUf-
rence of the majority is limited to Central Africa over a rather compact range (M. ruwen-
zorii, E.(P.) disparilis, E.(P.) heterotrichus, R. rustica). It is supposed, that two of them
originate from the east: M. australis found in the eastem part of the continent and O. tiwi
occurring on the eastem islands and in the eastem part of the continent.
The pantropical species and the semicosmopolitan one are widespread in the region
and are not suspected of the eastem dispersion, which was indicated for the Phthiraca-
roidea.
The widespread genera in the region include: the most primitive Oribotritia and ln-
dotritia (lndotritia), but also the highly derived Microtritia. The genera Mesotritia, ln-
dotritia (Afrotritia) and Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) are distributed in the eastem and central
Africa. The species of the genus Bukitritia and subgenus Euphthiracarus (Euphthira-
carus) oCCUfexclusively on Madagascar.
The Ethiopian region is the centre of speciation for the subgenera Euphthiracarus
(Pocsia) and lndotritia (Afrotritia) (Euphthiracaroidea) (NIEDBALA 1998b).
93
5. THE MESOPLOPHOROIDEA OF THE ETHIOPIAN REGION
5.1. DESCRIPTIONS, REDESCRIPTIONS AND DIAGNOSES OF SPECIES
5.1.1. Classification and list of species
Mesop1ophoroidea EWING, 1917

Mesop1ophoridae EWING, 1917
Mesoplophora (Parplophora) NIEDBALA, 1985

Mesoplophora (Parplophora) leviseta HAMMER, 1979 Oriental, artificially introdueed to
Seyehelles
Mesop/ophora gibba MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
Mesoplophora (Parplophora) rostrata MAHUNKA,1988 Endemie
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) BERLESE, 1904

Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) aJricana BALOGH, 1958 Ethiopian
Mesop/ophora insu/aris PEREZ-INIGO, 1983 syn. nov.
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) invisitata NlEDBALA,1983 Probably pantropieal
5.1.2. Review of species
Mesoplophora BERLESE, 1904

Type speeies: Mesoplophora michaeliana BERLESE, 1904
DIAGNOSIS. Distanee between anal and adanal plates equal to half of the length of anal
plates, adanal plates absent, 9-10 pairs of "ventral" setae, 2-4 pairs of anal setae, 7 pairs
of geni tal setae, formula 6+1 or 5+2; ehaetotaxy ofpalps: 0-2-0-3-12+1.

Type speeies: Mesoplophora pulchra SELLNICK,1928
DIAGNOSIS. Three or four pairs of anal setae present.
Mesoplophora (Parplophora) leviseta HAMMER, 1979

(Figs 662, 663)
Mesop/ophora /eviseta HAMMER, 1979
Mesop/ophora (Pa/p/ophora) /eviseta: NIEOBALA 1985
Mesop/ophora gibba MAHUNKA, 1988 syn. nov.
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with pointed rostrum; sensilli thiek, tapering towards distal end,
eovered with 23 smalI spines; lamellar setae longer and thieker than interlamellar, rostral
and exobothridial setae; rostral setae longer and thieker than inter1amellar ones, exoboth-
ridial setae long, longer than diameter of bothridia, alI those smooth. Notogaster with 8
pairs of smooth and thick setae, setae C3 near anterior border, setae CJ and C2 remote from
border. Ventral region with 8 pairs of ventral setae, one pair of lateral setae extremely
10ng; 7 pairs of genital setae with formula: 5+ 2; anal plate with 3 pairs of smooth anal
setae.
94
REMARKS. I have not studied the type of M. gibba, however in my opinion such a min-
ute difference as length of setae CJ (shorter than cz) could not justify the distinction of a
new species. The lack of the aggenital setae in M. gibba may originate from insufficiently
thorough observation. There are no differences in the structure of sensillus (see the draw-
ings ofthe relevant species in HAMMER1979, NIEOBALA1985 and MAHUNKA1988a).
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION sub M. gibba: Seychelles, ile Praslin, vallee de
Mai (peuplement de Cocos de mer), 28.1.1975, leg. P. Schauenberg - (7 sp.); Mahe, Jardin
Botanique de Victoria, 27.1.1975, leg. P. Schauenberg - (1 sp.) (MAHUNKA1988a).
DISTRIBUTION. Oriental, introduced to Seychelles.
Mesoplophora (Parplophora) rostrata MAHUNKA,1988

(Fig s 664, 665)
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with pointed rostrum; lateral carinae present; sensilli long with
8-9 long cilia; setae (except exobothridial), covered with smali setae, in>le>ro, exoboth-
ridial setae short, equal in the length to diameter of bothridia. Notogaster with 8 pairs of
setae covered with small cilia, setae CJ-3 remote from anterior margin. Ventral region with
9 pairs of ventral setae; 7 pairs of geni tal setae with formula: 6+ l; one pair of vestigial
aggenital, and 3 pairs of anal setae present.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION. Tanzania, Kisiwani, Tanga region, 350 m, from
dry litter and soil in a teakwood (Tectone sp.) plantage, 10.11.1987, leg. S.Mahunka,
T.Pocs, A.zicsi - (16 sp.) (MAHUNKA1988b).
DISTRIBUTION. Tanzania, perhaps endemie.

Type species: Mesoplophora michaeliana BERLESE,1904
DIAGNOSIS. Two pairs of anal setae present.
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) africana BALOGH, 1958

(Figs 666, 667)
Mesoplophora africana BALOGH, 1958
Mesoplophora africana: MAHUNKA 1985
non Mesoplophora africana: ELS 1965
non Mesoplophora (Palplophora) africana: NIEDBALA 1985
Mesoplophora insularis PEREZ-INIGO, 1983 syn. nov.
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) insularis: NIE DBALA 1985
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with lateral carinae distinct; sensilli setiform covered with 13-
15 thin spines; interlamellar, lameliar and rostral setae covered with smali spines,
in>le>ro, exobothridial setae minute, shorter than diameter of bothridia. Notogaster with
8 pairs of short setae covered with thin spines, setae Cz remote from anterior border more
than setae CJ and CJ. Ventral region with 9 pairs of setae covered with thin spines of un-
equal length; 7 pairs of genital setae with formula: 6+ l; one pair of minute aggenital
setae; 2 pairs of anal setae covered with smali spines.
REMARKS. After redescription of this species by MAHUNKA(1985), the earlier described
M. insularis PEREZ-INIGO,1983, proved to be a syn onym ofthis species.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION. Angola, ruisseau Tcha-Muchito, sous-affi. de
Cavuemba, Alto Cuilo, Cacolo, galerie forestiere des sources du ruisseau, 1.VI.1954, leg.
A.de Barros Machado - (27 sp.) (BALOGH 1958, MAHUNKA 1985); Dundo: Galerie for-
estiere R.Luachimo, 7.1V.1960, leg. A.de Barros Machado - (10 sp.) (MAHUNKA 1985);
95
Comoro Islands Moheli, Miringoni, plantations d'Ilang Ilang, 4-6.x1.1983 leg. RJocque
- (13 sp.); Ivory Coast, Bettie, FC de Mabi, N 06°05' W 03°30', foret dense, 26.XI.1993,
leg. R.Jocque - (l sp.).
sub M. insularis: Annobon Island, 1959 leg. J.Alvarez, S.Y. Peris - (2 sp.) (PEREZ-INIGO
1983); Congo Rep., Haut-Shaba, Luiswishi, litiere dans une foret dense seche, S-E de
Dem. Rep. Congo 11.1983, leg. Noti - (70 sp.) (NIEDBALA1985); Angola, Luna de Car-
valho, Parque Carrisso, foret-galeria, 26.1Y.1963, leg. R. Lauchimo (FMHD 64-232) - (2
sp.); Angola, Luna de Carvalho, foret-galeria, pres de piscine de Dundo, l8.XII.1964, leg.
R.Mussungue, (FMHD 64-238) - (7 sp.); Angola, Luna de Carvalho, foret-galeria, route
turismo, embouchure, 6.x1.1963, leg. R.Mussungue, (FMHD 64-236) - (5 sp.); Gabon,
Makokou, rain forest litter, XII. 1972, leg. I.Lieberberg, (FMHD 72-1107) (3 sp.).
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) invisitata NIEDBALA,1983

(Figs 670--675)
Mesoplophora invisitata NIEDBALA, 1983
DIAGNOSIS. Prodorsum with pointed rostrum; sensilli long, setiform covered with 8 thin
spines; setae smooth, interlamellar setae longer than lamellar and rostral setae, exoboth-
ridial setae equal to diameter of bothridia. Notogaster with 8 pairs of strong setae, rough,
setae CJ-3 remote from anterior border, setae eJ and ez thicker than other setae. Ventral
region with 9 pairs of ventral setae, unequal in length; 7 pairs of genital setae with for-
mula: 5+ 2; anal plates with 2 pairs of setae.
LOCALITY IN ETHIOPIAN REGION. Uganda, Ruwenzori, 3000 m, near Nyabitaba,
litter of coniferous forest, 9.11.1974, leg. J. Michejda - (2lsp.) (NIEDBALA 1983c);
Uganda - Mahoma Lake, Nyabitaba, 3030 m, litter in coniferous forest (Podocarpus),
9.11.1974 leg. J. Michejda - (25 adults, 18 tritonymphs); Dem. Rep. Congo - Kivu, 1-
tombwe, Terr. d'Uvira, Poste Mulenge, Nyalongwe 2300 m, humus, XI.1959 leg.
N.Leleup - (l sp.); Dem. Rep. Congo - Ruwenzori, 00020'N 29°50'E, 2950 m, field no
4.174, 7.VII1.1974 leg. M.Lejeune - (3 sp.); Dem. Rep. Congo - Ruwenzori, 00020'N
29°50'E, 2950 m, field no 4.149, 7.VIII.1974 leg. M.Lejeune - (2 sp.).
DISTRIBUTION. Probably pantropical, known also from Oriental and Ethiopian regions.
5.1.3. Keys for determination of subgenera and species
Mesoplophoroidea EWING, 1917

1. 3 pairs of anal setae present 2
-. 2 pairs of anal setae present 3
2. Exobothridial setae minute, rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae equal in thickness, formula of
genital setae 6: l M. (P.) rostrata
-. Exobothridial setae not minute, rostral and lamellar setae thicker than interlamellar and exoboth-
ridial setae, formula of genital setae 5+ 2 M. (P.) leviseta
3. Sensilli covered with 8 thin ciliae, setae eJ and ez of notogaster thicker than remaining ones .
....................................................................... M. (M.) invisitata
-. Sensilli covered with 10-15 thin ciliae, all setae ofnotogaster same in thickness .
..........................................................................................................................
M. (M.) aJricana
96
5.1.4. Discussion
The fauna of the Mesoplophoroidea in the Ethiopian region is very poor relatively to
e.g. that from the Oriental region (NIEDBALA 2000).
Of the four speeies found only one is endemie, one Ethiopian, one of probably Orien-
tal origin and one is a widespread pantropieal speeies.
97
6. THE PTYCTIMA FAUNA OF THE EASTERN AFRICA ISLANDS
(Tab. 8-10, 18-20)
On Madagascar and adjacent islands: Aldabra, Comoro Islands, Mauritius, La Reun-

ion and Seychelles, the number of the Ptyctima species found so far is 57, including: 37
Phthiracaroidea (10 species new to science), 18 Euphthiracaroidea (1 species new to sci-
ence) and 2 Mesoplophoroidea. Among them 30 are endemites (52.6 %), 3 of Oriental
origin (5.2 %), 10 Ethiopian species (17.5 %), 12 pantropical ones (21,0 %) and 2 semi-
cosmopolitan (3.5 %) ones. The endemism of the Phthiracaroidea (62 %) is similar to that
of the Euphthiracaroidea (59 %).
The most abundant and most frequent among the Phthiracaroidea is the endemic
A. sculptilis reported from Madagascar, Comoro Islands and La Reunion, another abun-
dant is the pantropical A. (H.) jloridus, (found mainlyon Mauritius), and relatively fre-
quent are endemic P. minor and N. similis (found on Madagascar) and the Ethiopian spe-
cies P. mayottei (found on Comoro Islands).
The most abundant speeies of the Euphthiracaroidea are the endemie O. succincta and
O. spinosa (also the most frequently found), I. (l.) paulyi and the pantropical l. (l.) kra-
katauensis.
P. minor
P.ochthus
Phthiraearoidea
O. tiwi
1.(l.)
A.
O.
P.
O.
A.
A.
1. (H.)
kugohi 17.8
7.8
4.4
3.9
15.7
5.9
multirugosus 24.0
succincta 53.0
22.0
21.6
tuberculosissimus
spinosa
(I.) krakatauensis
paraspinosa
(H.)floridus
paulyi
sculptilis C
D
The highest number of the Phthiracaroidea species was found on Madagascar (20). In
spite of unequal number of the sampies collected on Comoro Islands, Mauritius and La
Reunion, the number of species found on these islands is similar (8-9). The endemism of
the speeies found on these islands is much weaker (22.2 - 37.5 %) than that on Madagas-
car (85 %), but there are some relatively many widespread species (37.5 - 50 %). How-
ever, nearly half of them, (P. schauenbergi, H. hamatus, A inelegans, (A.(H.) singularis)
oceur only on the east African islands and do not penetrate into the continent. On the
Aldabra and Seychelles islands there are only single pantropical species.
98
The greatest number of speeies (15) among the Euphthiraearoidea was found on
Madagasear (of whieh 60 % were endemites), on Comoro Islands 7 (3 endemites), and on
the other islands single pantropieal species.
The Ptyetima fauna of Madagasear and neighbouring islands was developed before
the separation of the former from the eontinent, about 75 million years ago. This eonc1u-
sion results from the presenee of the phylogenetieally oldest and youngest speeies from
both Phthiraearoidea and Euphthiraearoidea. On the other hand, a large number of rei a-
tively reeent genera Notophthiracarus and Hoplophorella suggests a late eolonisation of
these islands by the Phthiracaroidea.
The Phthiracaroidea fauna of Madagasear (and near-by islands) is represented by 7
genera. Over half of the speeies found belong to the phylogenetieally derived genera
Notophthiracarus (35.1 %) and Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) (24.3 %). An interesting faet
is that the genu s Notophthiracarus is represented exc1usively by endemie speeies, whieh
indicates relatively reeent origin of this genus, probably Australian. Over 45% of the
Phthiraearoidea speeies found in the Australian region belon g to Notophthiracarus
(NIEDBALA2000).
The fauna of Madagascar and the majority of neighbouring islands is relatively har-
monie. IL is represented by 6 genera on Madagascar, by 5 on Mauritius, and by 4 on La
Reunion and Comoro Islands. Only the poor fauna of Aldabra and Seyehelles ean be
treated as dysharmonie.
The Euphthiraearoidea are proportionally represented by the primitive genera:
Oribotritia and lndotritia and by evolutionarily young genera: Rhysotritia and Microtritia.
Speeies of the genera Steganacarus, Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) and lndotritia (Afro-
tritia), for whieh the eontinent of Afriea is the eentre of speeiation, are not represented
among those found on the islands (NIEDBALA1998b).
The Ptyetima fauna of Madagasear and neighbouring islands is represented by 36 ex-
c1usive speeies, and this number makes slightly over 25 % of the fauna of the Ethiopian
region, and over 11 % of the Ptyetima speeies oecuring both on the islands and in the
continenL. These proportions are similar for both the Phthiraearoidea and Euphthiraca-
roidea.
The similarity between the Ptyetima fauna of Madagasear and that of the neighbour-
ing islands is insignifieanL. Only the pantropieal P. kugohi oecurs on Comoro Islands and
Seyehelles, the endemie A. sculptilis on Comoro Islands and La Reunion and the semi-
cosmopolitan P. anonymus on La Reunion. The faunas of Mauritius and Madagasear have
no speeies in eommon. The faunas of Comoro Islands, Mauritius and La Reunion have
only two eommon species. These findings eonfirm the thesis of MAHUNKA(1978) eon-
eerning all Oribatida, that the faunas of Mauritius, La Reunion, Seyehelles, Madagasear
and eontinental Afriea have few eommon zoogeographie elements. They also support the
observations of DORST (1972) who c1aimed that there are no elements really typical of the
Malagasy avifauna on these islands. The isolation of the islands, their impoverished fauna
and the extremely high number of endemie forms separate faunas. IL should be empha-
sised that for eertain groups of vertebrates, e.g. for Reptilia (BLANC 1972), Comoro Is-
lands play the role of an intermediate site between Afriea and Madagasear. On the other
hand, our results do not eonfirm another observation by MAHUNKA(1978a, 1988a, 1994b)
regarding all Oribatida, that more elements on the islands c10se to Madagasear originate
from the south-eastern Asia. Aeeording to the results of this work only three Ptyetima
speeies: M. (P.) leviseta, B. timah and R. spiculifera are of the Oriental origin. Among the
Phthiraearoidea speeies none was indicated as of Oriental origin.
99
Following observations suggest that the dispersion of the Ptyctima on Madagascar
and near-by islands occurred from the east, i.e. the Orient and the south - Australian re-
gion:
1. The presence of three Oriental species M.(P.) leviseta, B. timah i R. spiculifera.
2. The highest number of the Phthiracaroidea species belonging to the southem, probably
Australian genu s Notophthiracarus. All species of this genus are endemic.
3. Almost half of the pantropical species found on the islands (except Madagascar) do not
reach the continent of Africa.
4. The species of the subgenera: Steganacarus (Steganacarus), Steganacarus (Rha-
caplacarus), Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) and lndotritia (Afrotritia), for which the conti-
nent of Africa is the centre of speciation, did not reach the islands (from the west).
100
7. THE PTYCTIMA OF MADAGASCAR
(Tab. 10, 20)
Madagasear has been isolated for a very long time and even eommunieation with
Afriea aeross the Mozambique Channel must have been diffieuIt. With an area of about
600 000 km2, Madagasear is one of the largest islands in the world, with very diverse
enviroments and its flora and fauna varying greatly in different parts of the island
(GRIVEAUDand ALBIGNAC 1972). Heterogeneity is one of the most obvious and most
signifieant features of the fauna of Madagasear. Insular isolation plays important protee-
tive role.
Thirty five Ptyetima speeies, 20 Phthiraearoidea and 15 Euphthiraearoidea one s have
been reported from Madagasear. No speeies of the Mesoplophoroidea have been found.
Phthiraearoidea shows partieularly strong endemism, there 17 speeies are endemites,
making 85 %, the other speeies incIuding individual Ethiopian, pantropieal and semieos-
mopolitan speeies. Less pronouneed is the endemism of Euphthiraearoidea - 9 speeies
making 60 %, apart from them twa Ethiopian, twa widespread and twa Oriental speeies.
High endemism of the Madagasear fauna has been reported many times, e.g. the en-
demism of the entomofauna of Madagasear at the speeies level reaehes nearly 85 % and
sometimes 100 % (PAULIAN1972). Endemism of different terrestrial Mollusea groups is
50 do 83 % (FISCHER-PIErrE and BLANC 1972). A very high proportion of birds found in
Madagasear are endemie (DORST 1972). Almost total endemieity of the amphibian has
been established. Sueh strong endemism seems to be related to a long isolation of the
large island of highly diverse environment. However, among the Ptyetima on Madagasear
there are no endemie genera, whieh has been observed for other groups of invertebrates
e.g. in Pseudoseorpionoidea (12) (HEURTANDT1986).
The abundanee and frequeney of the Phthiraearoidea are not very high, but almost
half of the Euphthiraearoidea speeies are abundant and frequent.
The fauna of the Phthiraearoidea eomprises 6 genera and subgenera, the most abun-
dant is the genus Notophthiracarus represented excIusively by endemie speeies. The gen-
era and subgenera of the Euphthiraearoidea oeeur at almost the same abundanee (6). Both
superfamilies are represented proportionaIly by the primitive and phylogenetieally
younger gen era, sa their eontribution is harmonie.
The Ptyetima fauna of Madagasear is represented by 25 excIusive speeies (76 %),
only 8 oeeur both on the island and on the eontinent. Among the Euphthiraearoidea, these
proportions are similar to those of the Phthiraearoidea, though eharaeterised by signifi-
eantly stronger endemism. The similarity to the Afriean fauna is insignifieant as is that to
the Oriental fauna, and the similarity to the Indo-Paeifie region is weak, in eontrast to that
of other groups of animals showing dominant similarity to the eorresponding Afriean
fauna (PAULIAN1964).
101
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS
Up to now, 108 Phthiracaroidea and 4 Mesoplophoroidea species, found at over 200

localities, have been known in Ethiopian region. In the present paper descriptions are
provided for 18 species new to science, 12 species are redescribed, or their descriptions
are supplemented on the basis of type materia!. Other species are given with discriminat-
ing diagnoses based on original descriptions. Ali species are included in the key for de-
termination of species preceded by the key for determination of genera.
The Euphthiracaroidea of the Ethiopian region have been reviewed and discussed in
detail by NIEDBALA (1998b), and now they are represented by 36 species collected at over
200 localities. In this paper, one new species is described, one genus is synonymised,
diagnoses and additional descriptions are given for 4 species, and new localities have been
listed for 17 species. The keys for species determination are updated.
The Ptyctima of the Ethiopian region are charact~rised by high specificity of species.
The separatedness of the fauna is estimated by a high proportion of endemic and ethiopian
species, in this case al most 85 % Phthiracaroidea species and 86 % Euphthiracaroidea
species do not occur outside this region.
Among the Phthiracaroidea, widespread species are represented by 9 pantropical and
3 semicosmopolitan (11 %). Two species have been introduced from Palearctic:
S. (S.) magnus and P. nitens. The number of species occurring on the continent is much
larger than on the neighbouring islands, and common species are usually also the wide-
spread ones. The faunas of the continent and the islands are relatively specialised as indi-
cated by the high number of endemites (over 60 % both on the continent and islands).
Over 80 % of the species of the continental fauna occur exclusively on the continent and
similarly, over 80 % of the species of the insular fauna occur exclusively there.
The largest number of endemites and a large number of widespread species occur in
the eastem part of the region. A considerable proportion of the Ethiopian species occurs in
the eastem Africa reaching the central part of the continenL. Even the analysis of wide-
spread species distribution indicates the invasion from the easL.
Three genera are also characterised by east African distribution, namely: Austro-
phthiracarus, Arphthicarus and Notophthiracarus.
The Ethiopian region is the centre of speciation of the species of Steganacarus, and in
particular the subgenus Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus), whereas the species of the subge-
nus Atropacarus (Atropacarus) have not been found there.
Among the Euphthiracaroidea, the widespread species are represented onI y by 3 pan-
tropical (8 %) and one semicosmopolitan. Three species: Bukitritia timah, Rhysotritia
sp icu life ra, M.(P.) leviseta have been introduced from the Orient.
On the continent, the euphthiracaroids are represented by 23 species (64 %), while on
the islands by 20 species (56 %). Common species are: O. tiwi, 1. (I.) krakatauensis,
R. ardua, R. comteae, R. rustica, R. spiculifera, M. tropica, of which almost all are wide-
spread ones. Almost 70 % of the Euphthiracaroidea species are typically continental,
while 55 % are typically insular.
The most specific fauna of Euphthiracaroidea has been found in Tanzania, where over
half of the species are endemites, and on Madagascar, where almost half of the species are
endemites.
102
The widespread genera in the region are: the most primitive Oribotritia, then
lndotritia (lndotritia) and highly derived Microtritia. The gen era and subgenera
Mesotritia, lndotritia (AJrotritia) and Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) show eastern and central
African distribution. The Ethiopian region is the centre of speciation of the following
euphthiracaroid subgenera: Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) and lndotritia (AJrotritia).
The species of the genus Bukitritia and subgenus Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus)
occur exclusively on Madagascar.
On Madagascar and neighbouring islands: Aldabra, Comoro Islands, Mauritius, La
Reunion and Seychelles the num ber of Ptyctima species found hitherto is 57 and it com-
prises: 37 Phthiracaroidea (including 10 new to science), 18 Euphthiracaroidea (1 new to
science) and 2 Mesoplophoroidea. Among them, 30 are endemites (52.6 %), 3 of Oriental
origin (5.2 %), 10 Ethiopian (17.5 %), 12 pantropical (21 %) and 2 semicosmopolitan
species (3.5 %). The endemism of the Phthiracaroidea (62 %) is similar to that of the
Euphthiracaroidea (59 %).
The greatest number of Phthiracaroidea species has been found on Madagascar (20)
and, in spite of the differences in the number of the sampIes collected, a similar number of
species has been found on Comoro Islands, Mauritius and La Reunion (8-9). The endem-
ism of the species on these islands is much weaker (22.2 - 37.5 %) than on Madagascar
(85 %), but the number of widespread species is relatively high (37.5 - 50 %). However,
almost half of them (P. schauenbergi, H. hamatus, A inelegans, (A. (H.) singularis) occur
only on the islands near the east coast of Africa and do not penetrate into the continent.
The phthiracaroid fauna of Madagascar as well as the majority of that on other islands
is moderately harmonie, and on Madagascar is represented by 6 genera, on Mauritius by
5, on La Reunion and Comoro Islands by 4. Only the impoverished fauna of Aldabra and
Seychelles can be treated as dysharmonie.
The Euphthiracaroidea are represented propotionally by the primitive genera:
Oribotritia and lndotritia and evolutionally derived: Rhysotritia and Microtritia.
The similarity between the Ptyctima fauna of Madagascar and the faunas of the
neighbouring islands is insignificant. Only the pantropical P. kugohi occurs on Co moro
Islands and Seychelles, the endemie A. sculptilis is found on Co moro Islands and La
Reunion, and the semicosmopolitan P. anonymus on La Reunion. There is no species
common to the fauna of Mauritius and that of Madagascar. The faunas of Comoro Islands,
Mauritius and La Reunion have only two species in common.
The species of the genera Steganacarus, Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) and lndotritia
(AJrotritia), for which the continent of Africa is the centre of speciation, do not occur on
the islands.
The Ptyctima fauna of Madagascar and neighbouring islands is represented by 36 ex-
clusive species, which makes alittle over 25 % of the fauna of the Ethiopian region, and
over II % of the species are common for the continent and the islands. These proportions
are similar for the Phthiracaroidea and the Euphthiracaroidea.
On Madagascar alone, 35 Ptyctima, 20 Phthiracaroidea and 15 Euphthiracaroidea
species have been found, however, no Mesoplophoroidea species have been reported
there.
Phthiracaroidea are characterised by profound endemism (as many as 17 species, i.e.
85 %), the others are single Ethiopian, pantropical or semicosmopolitan species. The en-
demism of the Euphthiracaroidea is lower (9 species - 60 %), apart from them there are
two Ethiopian, two widespread and two Oriental species.
103
The Phthiraearoidea fauna is represented by 6 genera and subgenera, the most abun-
dant is the genus Notophthiracarus, represented by onI y endemie speeies. The same is the
number of genera and subgenera of the Euphthiraearoidea (6). The two superfamilies are
represented proportionally by primitive and derived gen era, so their eontribution is har-
monie.
The ptyetimous fauna of Madagasear is represented by 25 exelusive speeies (76 %),
and only 8 speeies eommon for the island and the eontinent. However, among the
Euphthiraearoidea these proportions are more even than among the Phthiraearoidea,
eharaeterised by mueh stronger endemism.
Contemporary distribution of ptyetimous mites of the Ethiopian region seems a result
of a eomplex mixture: the origin before the break-up of Pangea (NIEDBALA 1991) and
dispersion of eertain speeies or even genera from the east, probably from Oriental region
or from south i.e. the Australian region or southem Afriea. The seeond eonelusion is sup-
ported by following evidenee:
l. The presenee of three Oriental speeies: M.(P.) leviseta, B. timah and R. spiculifera in
the region.
2. Strong speeiation of endemie speeies in the eastem part of the Ethiopian region.
3. The oeeurrenee of a significant gro up of Ethiopian speeies usually found in the east of
Afriea.
4. The presenee of 5 semieosmopolitan speeies of distinetly eastem distribution.
5. Almost half of the pantropieal speeies found on the islands (exeept Madagasear) does
not reaeh the eontinent of Afriea.
6. The presenee of representatives of 3 genera of definitely east-Afriean distribution, in
partieular Notophthiracarus - the genus abundant in the Australian region and in
South Afriea. All speeies of genus are endemie in Ethiopian region.
7. The speeies of the subgenera: Steganacarus (Steganacarus), Steganacarus (Rha-
caplacarus), Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) and lndotritia (AJrotritia), for whieh the eonti-
nent of Afriea is the eentre of speeiation, have not reaehed the islands from the west.
A eomparison of Ptyetima from the Oriental and the Ethiopian regions was performed
in my earlier work (NIEDBALA 2000) and proved a elear faunistie distinetiveness of these
two regions. Apart from a few widespread speeies, there are no speeies eharaeterising
these two regions together.
Similarly, a eomparison of faunas of the Palaearetie and Ethiopian regions proves that
they praetically do not have eommon species, exeept for the two introdueed from the
Palaearetie on to St. Helena Island ( P. nitens and S.(S.) magnus) and a few widespread
ones. Therefore, the Ptyetima faunas of these two neighbouring zoogeographie regions are
specifie and definitely separate.
104
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108
Tab. 1. Phthiracaroidea of Etiopian Region
.• ::I ..,
endemie
nomen<lO -.
43'"~lI~g.
or>5§
...•
O'Z
Phthiracarus
Phthiracarus
pantropieal
Phthiracarus
Phthiracarusl
Plonaphacarus
palearetie
semieosmopolitan
Plonaphacarus
ethiopian
P~thiracarus
odubium
3..,'"'"Z 6 machadoi
2r>4685694Geographical
No. Phthiracarus Name 2oC
benoiti
nitens
lentulus
ochthus
cavernosus
wallworki
minor
anonymus
jlagellatus
'" elements schauenbergi
baloghi
pygmaeus
parabaloghi
parapocsi
ig" ecphylus 3 species Z
brevisetus
kugohi
pocsi
clavifer
<lO 13
16
46
38
10l
4762
39
33
16.
12.
10.
19.
17.
15.
2.
4.
6.
3.
8.
20.
13.
14.
9.
l.
18.
11.
5.
7. UGANDA
TOGO
REUNION
TANZANIA
SEYCHELLES
MADAGASCAR
UGANDA
RWANDA
Plonaphacarus
109
l I
4245I42335
endemie
ethiopian 82515
Plonaphacarus
Steganacarus 3816
Hoplophthiracarus
pantropieal
Staganacarus 6 6 23
(Steganacarus)
ngongi
tanzicus
discrepus
ambiguus
persimilis
optivus
machadoi
(Rhacaplacarus)
styphelos
frater
hamatus
(Rhacaplacarus) carlosi
complicatus
pervigens
succinctus
spiniferus
laterospinosus
spinatus
zicsii
inflatus
amoenus
laetabilis III
4327
41
214
120
15
108
152
31
62
23
23.
28.
22.
41.
26.
29.
25.
34.
35.
39.
24.
30.
32.
36.
37.
38.
33.
27.
40.
31. GABON
UGANDA
KENYA
ETHIOPIA
TANZANIA
RWANDA
CAMEROON
MALAWI
IVORYCOAST
DEM. REP. CONGO
Steganacarus(Steganacarus)
SteKanacarus
Hoolophthiracarus (Rhacavlacarus)
110
1 lll
4245347234511
endemie
endemie
european
Steganacarus
Austrophthiracarus
SteganaCQrus
ethiopian
Arphthicarus
Protophthiracarus
pantropiea1 6
marginatus
hamidi
inelegans 23
(Steganacarus)
notatus
sculptilis
inaequus
indiligens
prominens
aokii
trichosus
veteratorius
mayottei
dignus
araios inurbanus
wal/worki
werneri
tenerifensis
magnus
vestitus
sol
guanarteme
anosculpturatus 15
17
13
10 l
7623458
105
78
28
20
49.
53.
48.
44.
47.
46.
51.
52.
60.
55.
56.
62.
64.
43.
58.
63.
61.
59.
50.
45.
57. UGANDA
RWANDA
REUNION
TANZANIA
DEM.
MADAGASCAR
REP. CONGO
Austrol1hthiracarus
Protol1hthiracarus
Arphthicarus
54,
111
1 endemie
endemielll
2314551427
Protophthiracarus
Atropacarus
Notophthiracarus
ethiopian
semieosmopolitan
Nmophthiracarus
6
(?) 23
armatus
dactyloscopicus
summersi
rapax
procerus
parasummersi
echinus
bicarinatus
raJalskii
venustus
parasomalicus
parilloi
cavernosus
lineolatus
pardinus
paulianus
soma/icus
(Hoplophorella)
sacyae
zebrus
similis
puylaerti
parareductus cucullatus
angolensis
balazsi
collaris
brevipilis 11 l
24386721
10
12
15
68.
70.
71.
73.
74.
76.
67.
77.
78.
89.
72.
79.
81.
69.
75.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
88.
90.
91.
80. UGANDA
TANZANIA
RWANDA
MALAWI
66. Notophthiracarus
87. Atropacarus (HoploTJhorella)
112
1 endemie l
43524 39
S
pantropieal36749213
Atropacarus
ethiopian
Atropacarus 6
24 6 23
(Hoplophorella) subitus
lemurius
stilifer
remigerus
multirugosus
mwali
ensiferus
singularis
oblongus
minisetosus
pallens
pustulatus
insolens
tuberculosissimus
(Hoplophorella)floridus
(Hoplophorella) subciliatus
vitrinus 33
17
87
138
2001 l
457
21
122
106.
107.
100.
104.
101.
102.
94.
95.
96.
99.
103
105.
108.
93.
97.
98. ~
TANZANIA
SOMALIA
MALI
RWANDA
TOGO
CAMEROON
CHA
COMORO
REUNION
MAURITIUS
KENYA
UGANDA
CAPE
DEM.D REP.
VERDE ISLANDS
CONGO
IsI
113
Tab. 2. Phthiracaroidea fauna in selected countries investigeted of the Ethiopian Region
" "":";
1247c.
10
't:l
16 II
'"
89'"9oAi'
;;.
••
2323
;;. 637 Z
~.
l9C" n
o'"48
,." "
63.....•
't:l
513 52c.
3363•.
...
8Z !."
oloS' = 23o'
••'"
a
..• endemie
endemie
A. 3ethiopian
22endemie
l(H.) 2 712
8tenerifensis
endemie 48
2carlosi
veteratorius
endemie3
endemie
Z
l4ethiopian
411
277
rlName 88 95284ll
22
13
23
32
39
10
11
12
't:l 28
10
14
§: 50
20
o-
m
..•
'"
8
C"
bium
~
C"
t"l"Cl
't:l
Ai'
Country
:3
"Cl
t"l
t"l
~ ••
a-
:;" ethiopian
;:;0 elhiopian
A.
S.(S.)
semieosmopolilan
A.
S. (H.)
ethiopian
H. pantropical
ethiopian
pantropieal
frate
sculptilis
(S.)
Number oC species
vitrinus
insolens
t10ridus
multirugosus
sinf?ularis
vitrinus
stilifer oC vantrovical
endemie
endemie
pantropieal
pantropieal
endemie
pantropieal
species 16
pantropieal
alie S"
l ethiopian 174
114
l10
62l3598II
11
10l
20 7 514523l9
76l17 8l6l283l 2l endemie
A.
endemie
ethiopian
A
P.
A
31l 25
notatus
endemie
endemie
ethiopian
(H.) 2 l12
15endemie
vallens
sculptilis
H. inelegans
A. frater
ochthus
anosculpturatus
aokii ethiopian
endemie
ethiopian
ethiopian
ethiopian 49
13
11
10
12
15
24
16
65
10
endemie
pantropieal 238567432ll
lan
hiopian
eeal
eitan
opian
ian
ian
115
I2914
22
12l
10
149 386774II
862 l
445216
10
312 2endemie
endemie
4735 palearetie
endemie
endemie
endemieP.
N I l I Il I l
endemie
32endemie
endemie
(?)
A(H.)
N(?)
N.(?)
ethiopian
A 73remigerus
2endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie 62
3rapax
endemie
endemie
cavernosus
(H) 3cucul/atus
5brevipilis
pardinus
ethiopian
ethiopian
ethiopian
ethiopian
pantropieal
pantropieal
A. inaequus
elhiopian
pantropieal
panlropieal
kugohi
(H.)jloridus
aokii 29
10
somalicus 11
33246 2
4447endemie
22ethiopian
6ethiopian
210 39 lI
725934l
345 endemie28
11
12
17
10
15
neal
ie
nolitan
l
Uganda
116
Tab. 3. Number of zoogeographic elements of Phthiracaroidea within the genera
'?
Genus
12 c'
43728108 Z .,
12I7t••o~
9 .,
o;:;.
••317
IoIS,7 ~
% 2=Vl
;.
er
l::
19
IS
"CI
"CI tol::
8El
t"l
to
":l
":l
5'
Er
CI.
S- 4,6
1,829,3
19,4
3,7
17,6
8,3
20,4 ~10222
921
S19 33IS 24I to
CI. I I I I 3I 21
117
Tab. 4. Phthiracaroidea of continental part of Ethiopian Region
'" c~
endermc I..,~cZc
§..,
oZ
...,
No. pantropical
l...,
45"1.
-.n>
endemic
endemlc
nomen 22
ethioplan
ethlOplan jlj5
l'2.
42
pantropICal
Plonaphacarusecphylus
semlcosmopolitan
endemlc n>
ethlOplan
Phthiracarus
Phthiracarus ..,
Hoplophthiracarus
Plonaphacaruslb 6 ::;0"
l Geographical
Phthiracarus
_.n>
Phthiracarus
33
semlcosmopolttan dubIOm
..,
3
Hoplophthiracaruselements
Plonaphacaruss~phetos machadoi
benoiti
pocsi
baloghi
ochthus
Name
anonymus
lentu
kugohi
lu
pygmaeus discrepus
persimilis
parabaloghi
ngongi
tanzicus
ambiguus
brevisetus
optivus
machadoi '" Z
3 species
s 2oC 41
214
102I
9744bjl
1::>'2.
Ll.
3.
13.
18.
l!.
9.
7.
4.
5.
14.
15.
17.
~.
10.
Ib.
20.
b.
1'2..
lY. PlonaDhacarus
TANZANIA
KENYA
GABON
UGANDA
RWANDA
MALAWI
IVORYCOAST
CAMEROON
TOGO
DEM. REP. g:§.
HODlophthiracarus CONGO
118
29.
34.
1 endemieIl I
4253423515
endemie
ethiopian 432 6
Austrophthiracarus
Steganacarus
Staganacarus
ethiopian
Protophthiracarus
Arphthicarus
Hoplophthiracarusnotatus
(Steganacarus)
hamidi 23
dignus
venustus
anosculpturatus
mayottei
marginatus
inaequus
(Rhacaplacarus)
prominens
aokii
indiligens
frater vestitus
succinctus
wal/worki
laetabilis
inurbanus
sol
spinatus
zicsii
laterospinosus
amoenus
werneri
spiniferus
inflatus
complicatus
pervigens 23
20
120
31
78
15
10
62
LOII
4623658
23.
25.
27.
28.
30.
33.
40.
43.
32.
36.
38.
46.
24.
26.
35.
47.
39.
41.
45.
31.
22.
44.
37.
42. TANZANIA
RWANDA
UGANDA
DEM.
UGANDA REP. CONGO
ETHIOPIA
Protophthiracarus
Austrophthiracarus
Arphthicarus
Steganacarus(Rhacaplacarus)
Steganacarus(Steganacarus)
119
71.
I
MALI
endemieljl
I 1314UlS
I453ethlOplan
endemlc
ethlOplan 115
2151-
pantropical
pantropical
ethloplan 766
sermcosmopohtan
pantropical
ethioptan
endemlc 154
ethioplan
Atropacarus
Atropaearus
Atropacarus
36
Notophthiraearus
Atropaearus
Notophthiraearus
1-'2
Atropaearus I pardinus
2
armatus
lineolatus
(Hoplophorella)
eavernosus
(Hoplophorella)
(Hoplophorella)
(?) somalieus
rapax
puylaerti
saeyae
(Hoplophorella) angolensis
tubereulosissimus
pallens
eueullatus
multirugosus
remigerus
insolens
eollaris
subciliatus
brevipilis
vitrinus
oblongus
pustulatus
minisetosus
subitus
ensijerus
stilijer
[:lY:l
114
Jl
17
12~
122 lJ11Il
432b71-
7'2
M.
y).
54.
bb.
73.
72.
65.
51.
53.
4Y.
57.
61.
63.
6Y.
70.
55.
5~.
67.
51..
Jb.
bU.
b1..
JU.
41'l. TOGO
CAMEROON
KENYA
DEM.
UGANDA
TANZANIA
RWANDA
MALAWI
CHAD REP. CONGO
AtroDacarus
2.; llioDloohorella J
120
Tab. S. Phthiracaroidea fauna in investigated countries of continental part of the Ethiopian Region
"
3"opian
<:I'
"O
.,
er
Country
.l'
"O l"-
"o1016
11 ;.
~!!:
75
491;:;'
rIJ
;:;
t"lt"lo'
l896o';;
3l"Q.
2":l
., o3"
';;
523
;:;.'"
3<:I'
21i;'
4...
~Z
...•
'..• ".;;Sj"".,.,Z37o2l ='"nomen
l6"1l613
o23c5..,
'" C
Q.
'"6 a
2o2c; '",.,
3Number
r;" A.nomen
A
H.
P. .l'"endemie
!.2dubium
lafrater
endemie
endemie endemie
endemie
notatus
(H.)
ochthus 2vitrinus
223
dubiuml
6Name
insolens
anosculpturatus
semieosmopolitan oCspecies
ethiopian42l ~
multirugosus
"O
" 104
Zpantropieal
3 endemie 7 l O;
endemie
oCspecies
ethiopian
ethiopian
stilifer
angolensis pantropieal
ethiopian 28
77
50
102
15
12
20
39
11
48
25
10
14 l
425835l
13
121
Illll l
22
10
10I32611
7
6214
149 44
486710
98 52
16
3412
7 endemie
2 endemie
endemie
N. ll lIIl I I
(?)
ethiopian
(?)
N.(?)
A.(H.)
(H.)
pantropieal
A.
ethiopian
endemie 3 43229
endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie 15
endemie endemie
somalicus
rapax
remigerus
pardinus
vallens
inaequus
aokii
ethiopian
ethiopian
pantropieal sp. 2endemie
10
1031234pantropieal
10
ethiopian
nov.
semieosmopolitan
ethiopian ethiopian
brevipilis
cucullatus
(H.)floridus 7
endemie
ethiopian IIlI
2semieosmopolitan
28
2743956321
62
175
10
pian
pian
122
Tab. 6. Phthiracaroidea fauna on the coastal islands of the Ethiopian Region
'" 4
No. endemie
endemie ~
pantropieal
european l~.",
§O'ZI
"3S"3845411
2o'" ..••
..••
Phthiracarus
Phthiracarus
~g.
Steganacarus
Hoplophthiracarus
Phthiracarus
Arphthicarus
Phthiracarus
palearetie
ethiopian
pantropieal
semieosmopolitan
Phthiracarus
Phthiracarus
Arphthicarus
Plonaphacarus
= .., SEYCHELLES
o Z
6c::
.., 6 jlagellatus
3c::elements gkugohi
ochthus
minor
wallworki
cavernosus
nitens
8Geographical
claviJer
parapocsi
pygmaeus
anonymus 23
schauenbergi
sculptilis
inelegans
S'.(Steganacarus)
hamatus
Name
veteratorius
trichosus '" Z
guanarteme
magnus
carlosi
oCspecies
teneriJensis 108 l
2478
14
105
24
17
37
28
16
39
46
l. Arohthicarus
5.
21.
16.
2.
8.
9.
11.
15.
18.
12.
13.
14.
19.
7.
20.
17.
4.
3.
5.
10. REUNION
REUN10N
MADAGASCAR
MADAGASCAR
Hoplophthiracarus
SteJ!anacarus
Plonaphacarus (SteJ!anacarus)
123
I endemie l
I543Atropacarus
3642427359756
pantropieal
Protophthiracarus
ethiopian
ethiopian
Notophthiracarus (?) 2rus
I paulianus
parareductus
echinus
parasummersi
parilloi
proce
dactyloscopicus
similis
summersi
zebrus
rafalskii.
mayottei
araios
parasomalicus
(Hoplophorella)
bicarinatus minisetosus
lemurius
tuberculosissimus
multirugosus
mwali
balazsi
singularis
vitrinus 10
16
97283475
12
19
709
85
15 l
26.
27.
40.
44.
23.
25.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
38.
39.
43.
45.
22.
37.
24.
42.
41.
28. I:
COMORO
MAURITIUS
REUNION
Notoohthiracarus
Atrooacarus ISLANDS
(Hooloohorella)
124
Tab. 7. Phthiracaroidea fauna on investigated islands of the Ethiopian Region
"O
.,
::I'"
10 l;.l";'
c=Q.
427;l'
er
.o'
;l'
;;.
'"
3Z
Country
"O
"O
=
t"l ~
9'Jll ;'
.,
58c
S'
."
.,
.,
;11 l
,:;20 c9'"845"C2.,
'"
o3
3'";;.
t"lZ
::I
3612 a-
El 5"Number
t"l
S:
323.,
...• la
"O
=
3;;.. '"2 e:. ::Iof
;; 7 0;-A.
A
.,
species
S. 2Z ::I
3inelegans
sculptilis
(S.)
(H.)Name of
singularisl 88
32
65
24
12
17
108
10
16
15
species
endemie
tenerifensis
vitrinus 7942385
panlropieal
pantropieal
pantropieal
endemie
16
125
2II
10 5285I
8976 45
31312 2 p. 3cavernosus
2 A.
P. kugohi 2
inelegans 46
39
28
11
endemie
15
pantropieal 24
13731
pantropieal
126
Tab. 8. Phthiracaroidea af the Madagascar and neighbauring islands
., 3 o-21.
No. Endemie
endemie
endemie
Endemie l
15.Ij;·Z
Phthiracarus
Phthiracarus ~
o1..•
4263...•
O'Z
4~.
N%phthiracarus 38411
I4
Protophthiracarus
Ph/hiracarus
Arph/hicarus
Notoph/hiracarus
ethiopian
fi>
Pantropieal
Arphthicarus
Hop/ophthiracarus
Notophthiracarus
Notophthiracarus
Pantropieal
P/onaphacarus
Phthiracarus
semieosmopolitan
§gbl g.
.,o 6 Q.
lO
minor
clavifer
anonymus
Geographical
celements mayottei
schauenbergi
ine/egans 3 species Z
o- parareductus
och/hus araios 2or
parapocsi
dacty/oscopicus
echinus
parasummersi
Name
scu/ptilis
bicarinatus
hamatus
trichosus
parasoma/icus
kugohi
pygmaeus
veteratorius fi> 16
24
14
37
12 l
47924311
105
lO
I.
II.
13.
4.
6.
2.
17.
18.
19.
15.
5.
8.
16.
9.
7.
14.
10.
20.
12.
3. REUNION
MADAGASCAR
SEYCHELLES
Hooloohthiracarus
Notoohthiracarus
Arphthicarus
Protophthiracarus
Plonaphacarus
s:
127
endemie lI
l pantropieal
23452476
51
3
Notophthiracarus
ethiopian
elhiopian
ethiopian
Atropacarus
pantropieal
panlropieal (?)
similis
summersi23
6 (Hoplophorella)floridus
rafalskii
procerus
parilloi
paulianus
(Hoplophorella)
zebrus balazsi
singularis
vitrinus
lemurius
minisetosus
tuberculosissimus
mwali
multirugosus 435
15
16
19
12
10
69 l
3458
72
24.
27.
37.
23.
28.
31.
32.
36.
35.
25.
26.
29.
34.
33. REUNION
MAURITIUS
COMORO
30. Atropacarus
1: ISLANDS
(Hoplophorella)
128
Tab. 9. Fauna of Phthiracaroidea in investigated eastem islands
ct"l'"
c20
~
0;'
"
Z
4..,
'C
123
Country '"
.,
~
o' n
3l3
O"
8t"l
52S"
0;'
i;;'
t'll
CI> .='".•
oQ.
'C
il::
:3
..,•..,
9(;'
..••
(;'
l17
;;' l.,
3n38oZ
Q.
CI> .,
=C'r;'
a
=endemie
a:3 endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie
endemie
(;' A
A.
Number S'
e:.
endemie I
l212l Name
endemie
endemie
endemie
P.endemie 4lsinRularis
veteratorius
(H)
inelegans
kugohi
sculptilis 2215
oC l4810
l3 3Z
l12 7endemie
~ 32
pantropieal
pantropieal
species species
endemie
oC
=
I
49
65
24
16
15
112735l
'Cpantropieal
••
88
opian
~i
S:
129
Tab. 10. The Phthiracaroidea af the Madagascar
No. endemie ~
134...•
11\47284231
Phthiracarus
endemie 211 elements
minor
ochthus '" Z 24
16
15
12
1313241
10 811 41
g~
Notophthiracarus
Notophthiracarus
~g. I..,endemie (?)
procerus
summersi
similis
zebrus
bicarinatus
echinus
parilloi
parasummersi
parasomalicus 24
~. fi>
...• ethiopian
Arphthicarus
semieosmopolitan
41
o:>
parapocsi
sculpti/is
Geographical
pantropieal rafalskii
anonymus
Name pau/ianus
of species 71
3 'g
O"
= ::I ..,
'" o:>
8.
7.
5.
19. 0.3
fi> fi>
1. I Plonaphacarus
6. Protophthiracarus
Atropacarus araios
(Hoplophorella)
kugohi balazsi
130
Tab. 11. The Euphthiracaroidea of the Ethiopian Region
No. endemie O'Z

endemie II
...•-.",
Mesotritia
Oribotritia
Oribotritia
lndotritia
Oribotritia
..,ethiopian
pantropical
ethiopian 1'"
424'"5§
1'"'
12
Austrotritia24
84 14
6247610
13
12
<::>
93l:
el:elements
Z
..,
g 6tiwi
australis
herenessiea
sueeineta
solitaria
ruwenzorii
(Indotritia)
afrieana
paraspinosa
spinosa
virgulata
(Afrotritia)
Geographical 23
clavata
nuda
breviseta '" Z
krakatauensis
paulyi
tripartita
5". Name compacta
oCspecies 101
200
218
192
27
606
163
103
22
37
12I
792
347
II.
I.
'" <::>
<::>
14.
4.
2.
6.
12.
15.
16.
7.
3.
17.
10.
8.
13.
5.
1Jl
COMORO
ndotritia ISLANDS
MALAWI
MAURITIUS
9. Austrotritia
Mesotritia
KENYA
lMADAGASCAR
TANZANIA
RWANDA
IVORYCOAST
UGANDA
REUNION
TOGO
lndotritia
SEYCHELLES
S:§. (Atrotritia)
(lndotritia)
131
I I24341
oriental
endemie
1
endemie IlIII
I4Euphthiracarus
3Microtritia
32519
2214
oriental 635718
15
Bukitritia
Microtritia
Rhysotritia
ethiopian 6 6 1timah
semieosmopolitan
Euphthiracarus
pantropieal tropica
comteae
rustica
ardua I2
striatissima
hauseri
(Pocsia)
spiculifera
(Poc.~ia)
(Pocsia)
reticulata kunsti
bicarinatus
africanus
heterotrichus
secundus
trentus
(Euphthiracarus)
granulata I
inopinatusincredibilis
disparilis 14
10
166
25
24
45
43 I
4239
17
24.
21.
29.
25.
26.
22.
28.
32.
34.
20.
23.
31.
30.
35.
27.
18.
19.
36.
33. 1:
IVORYCOAST
SOMALIA
RWANDA
COMORO
CAMEROON
TOGO
DEM.
UGANDA
ETHIOPIA REP. ISLANDS
MADAGASCAR
SEYCHELLES
KENYA
TANZANIA
Microtritia
Bukitritia
Rhvsotritia
EUlJhthiracarus CONGO(Pocsia)
132
Tab. 12. The Euphthiracaroidea in investigated countries of the Ethiopian Region
3.,'"
lO
10
"tl
3
2 91
2
6
CI>
8o'
=
;t'l r;'
6736
r;''"
l;;.
Country2
CI>
"1
"1
co.
= o-
;.l33Zc3;.
'"
45:o
....
l3
't:l
62
7
t'l76
23
3
9
Number2l10
O"
9
5
O' 7
3'"= =
CI>
15 2"tl
loriental
l l l2 ofendemie
14g.
31 2e!.
r;'(l.)
Austrotritia
218
ethiopian
ethiopian
species
=3
I
oriental
endemie
endemie
endemie
Oribotritia
endemie
ethiovian l7l12
endemie
l606 li19
l30
endemie
endemie
endemie 75
91
7
95
17 tiwi
3
2 5=23
6 22
solitaria7Z
l29l of species
lendemie
endemie
herenessica
l4ethiopian
23
62 l
13
2
83
103
41
36
150
5
'"
3
O"
;!..
a-;ol' S'semieosmopolitan
I.
Rhysotritia
ethiopian krakatauensis
breviseta
pantropieal
Oribotritia
semieosmopolitan
pantropieal Name
ardua
spinosa
paraspinosa
aJricana pantropieal
ethiopian
ethiopian 2
demie
thiopian
133
lO II
4l89l6714
6l10 21ll3
413l44582l 723 l 17
2 endemie
I.endemie
(l.) 3 912
endemie
elhiopian
ethiopian 12
10 l9 2200
9582 spinosa
25 endemie
krakatauensis
clavata
Oribotritia
Rhysotriria
semieosmopolitan
pantropieal
semieosmopolitan africana
ardua 3452937l
10
15
13
ethiopian150
18
St. Helene 1994)
NJEDBALA
134
Tab. 13. Number of zoogeographical elements of Euphthiracaroidea within genera
'CI ~ 22la l
3O
23
'CI
'"
2 8"le22,2
65:=
S'
te:..
~
t"l
r;'
Er 19,4
5,6
2,S[
Genus
:I:%
36736
S,3
16,7 S := l
::l.
Có' 2 52co.
rJJ l 1l l l 2l l
:=
S'
135
Tab.14. The Euphthiracaroidea of the continental part of the Ethiopian Region
... ~ .,12. '"o

No. endemie 4~
21...
o
Oribotritia
Mesotritia
Indotritia
lndotritia
ethiopian
Oribotritia
Rhysotritia
ethiopian
...
,.,
§oZ
117
S 6384
15
12
,.,
Euphthiracarus
semieosmopolitan
pantropiea1 lO o
Z
=
29761Geographical
ag.
., 6africana
::;0"
solitaria
australis
tiwi
ruwenzorii
=elernents Narne
(lndotritia)
(Indotritia)
(Afrotritia)
ardua '" Z
3 africanus
2ofspecies
krakatauensis
breviseta
nuda
(Pocsia) trentus
bicarinatus
disparilis
inopinatus
secundus
heterotrichus
kunsti
compacta 79
43
37
14
27
17
40
1632431
'"o
o. a II.
g ~ L TANZANIA
9.
14.
2.
13.
15.
16.
17.
8.
3.
5.
7.
4.
6.
18.
10. ETHlOPIA
RWANDA
UGANDA
MALAWI
KENYA
SOMALIA
CAMEROON
DEM.
TOGO REP.
IMesotritia
IVORYCOAST
Rhysotritia
Euphthiracarus
ndotritia S: CONGO
(AJrotritia)
(Pocsia)
136
l oriental
endemie
131
Microtritia
Rhysotritia
Rhysotritia
ethiopian
pantropieal
pantropieal rustica 2 3
1351514 I 6 comteae
42 tropica
spiculifera
reticulata 2292
149
581\
20.
21.
22.
23. LDEM.
KENYA
TOGO
RWANDA
UGANDAREP.
Microtritia CONGO
137
Tab. 15. The Euphthiracaroidea in investigated countries of the Ethiopian Region
I oZ a"
e".,e"n.. 5 5" Z
In
'O 46t"lo'
3fJl
Ol
CountryZn
.,S 53
l;:;'
O
-=
tO
1i3
l 36
c;'
g;
;c'
1l"C
tO =
10
i3
;:;'
Number
t"l
'"
In
C"
O" 733ll 3l In
...•
41l837249;:O.
276
6co.
11 l10
;:O' 2endemie
S' 13
oC14
!:..
l.
species 3pantropieal
lOribotritia
21Rhysotritia
endemie
Oribotritia
17
31
10 3(l.) 4breviseta
endemie
endemie
2semieosmopolitan
ethiooian
'O
ethiopian
ethiopian
ethiopianethiopian
ethiopian
ethiopian 41
g.36l991
ethiopian
semieosmopolitan
pantropieal 8tiwi
endemie
219
7africana
30
12
endemie
83Name
ardua 4endemie
l ethiopian
endemie
endemie
3l29l23
9solitaria 9 ethiopian
6ethiopian
9endemie
oCspecies 5722l
18
opian Tanzania
NIEDBALA S: 1994)
138
Tab. 16. The Euphthiracaroidea on the investigated coastal islands of the Ethiopian Region
°
..• :: .., 20.
'"°
No. endemie
endemie
oriental
oriental II
9~..,
-.",
1"'..,
2...•
Oc
"'Z
42524
36"Z
S=
Oribotritia
Bukitritia
Austrotritia
Microtritia
18531
Indotritia
,.,c
semieosmopolitan
Rhysotritia
Oribotritia
pantropieal
Microtritia
pantropieal
ethiopian
Euphthiracarus
°3 elements
12
46810
14 Itimah
tiwi
hauseri
succincta
herenessica
striatissima
rustica
Name
virgulata
spiculifera
ardua
(Indotritia)
spinosa
granulata
comteae
Geographical
paraspinosa
tropica
g- "'Z
krakatauensis
clavata
oCspecies
paulyi
tripartita
(Euphthiracarus) I 12
345
192
22
17
24
103
200I
358
218
606
92
=" S;ISLANDS (lg.ndotritia)
5':
13.
14.
15.
8.
16.
18.
19.
4.
5.
1.
11.
10.
6.
12.
17.
7.
3. l ndotritia
2. Bukitritia
9. A ustrotritia
1;
REUNION
Rhvsotritia
Microtritia
COMORO
MAURITIUS
MADAGASCAR
Euphthiracarus
SEYCHELLES (EuDhthiracarus)
139
Tab. 17. The Euphthiracaroidea on investigated islands of the Ethiopian Region
.•
oa
12l.,
;.
o'
;;.
~ ., :I-
.•o"
... "
'" 11 12'"endemie :I
a.,33:IZ
=
lO
'"
i3
<:r
o en
t"l
...
2G' O
114
;;.
23
Country
2.
"<:I Q. 62
l39t"l 'C
4tS'
1<:r
lO
6"
Number
i3
S: !.
l127215
3tS· :Iendemie
218
endemie
... 1endemie
ethiopian
oCspecies
ethiopian endemie
(l.)
606 12
15012
25
endemie
10
lpantropieal
1endemie
117endemie
7endemie
Austrotritia
Oribotritia
oriental 75 62
oriental
13
l.Oribotritia 22
3endemie
200
oriental
11
endemie ;-Z oC species
71 103
23
41Name tiwi
herenessica
krakatauensis
clavata
pantropieal
ethiopian
semieosmopolitan
pantropieal
§: paraspinosa
spinosa 51
95
150
15
pantropieal
endemie
is endemie
140
Tab. 18. Euphthiracaroidea of the Madagascar and neighbouring islands
Q
No. endemie
oriental
endemie l_.~
23~§l
.-Z
/;i'Z
...•
'"
Q..•
~424
Oribotritia
oriental
Microtritia
Bukitritia
Rhysotritia
-=
Oribotritia
pantropieal
Oribotritia
Microtritia24\O
semieosmopolitan
ethiopian
pantropieal
Euphthiracarus
lndotritia
ethiopiana:§.
3~
6812
11e=elements
.., Q. C'
hauseri
succincta
timah
tiwi
striatissima
spinosa Name6paulyi
comteae
ardua
rustica
virgulata
paraspinosa
granulata
tropica
Geographical
(lndotritia)
spiculifera "'Zincredibilis
krakatauensis
oCspecies
(Euphthiracarus)
tripartita I 16471
192
92
22
24
17
606
12
\03
218
340 l
583
II.
12.
14.
16.
17.
7.
2.
4.
8.
13.
5.
9.
15.
6.
10.
18.
3. MAURITIUS
I. MADAGASCAR
REUNION
COMORO
1:
Bukitritia
Microtritia
SEYCHELLES
Rhysotritia
Euphthiracarus
lndotritia ISLANDS (Euphthiracarus)
(lndotritia)
141
Tab. 19. The Euphthiracaroidea on investigated eastern islands
" =
I "I
o~
'"2 '"
=
l2
0;'
Country
t"l
S'
;F
.•
Q..,
glo323
;;'
.,
la
O i3
=
9362
t"l
Number
c'";;;'
l4.•
'"
3o
Z
'" 2
5:2.7
C"
~
g,
iS"
i3 15.•= ;;'2
.,
l;;;' ...•
I II
!!. 218
i3 I.
§: endemie
oC endemie
endemie
oriental
species7endemie
606
(1.)
ethiopian 17
25'"
75 34 22
lendemie
endemie
oriental
endemie
endemie
l12
oriental
Oribotritia
endemie
12
10
semieosmopolitan
Oribotritia 7 103Z
tiwi
krakatauensis
pantropieal
pantropieal
ethiopian paraspinosa
Namespinosa l
23
62
13
150
15
95
11
endemie
ot oC species
endemie
142
Tab. 20. The Euphthiracaroidea of the Madagascar
II ~.
...
~
I 2!oS
No. loriental
IOribotritia
Bukitritia
Microtritia
oantrooieal 3'"
I42512
;::r::r
endemie
5endemie
13
oriental o elements
.., succincta
tiwi
timah
hauseri
striatissima '" Z I 218
1116 III
17
I 43
12
606
75
62 I
"'.. ..,
semieosmooolitan
Rhvsotritia
Iendemie
IOribotritia
ethiopian
endemie
Rhysotritia
lndotritia
Rhysotritia 10 ardua
I endemie
virRulata
spinosa
paraspinosa
f?ranulata
rustica
(lndotritia)
comteae Name vaulyi
oC species 103
~~ spiculifera
Geographical
I.
'"
o13. o. S
7. I Euvhthiracarus (Euvhthiravcarus)
8.
6.
15. incredibilis
143
4
1-3. Archiphthicarus hauseri MAHUNKA, 1988 synonym of Phthiracarus anonymus GRANDJEAN, 1933:
1 - lateral view of body (after MAHUNKA 1988a), 2 - sensillus, 3 - ventral side of body; 4-6. Phthiracarus
baloghi (after MAHUNKA 1982): 4 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 5 - sensillus, 6 -lateral view of body, 7 - ventral
viewofbody
145
8
11
13
8-13. Phthiracarus cavernosus (WALLWORK, 1977) (paratype): 8 - prodorsum, lateral view, 9 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 10 - notogaster, 11 - genitoaggenital plate, 12 - anoadanal plate, 13 - trochanter and femur of leg I
146
14
16
17
14-16. Phthiracarus claviJer MAHUNKA, 1988 (after MAHUNKA 1988a): 14 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
15 - lateral view of body, 16 - ventral side of body; 17-21. Phthiracarus jlagellatus WALLWORK, 1977
(holotype): 17 - prodorsum, lateral view, 18 - notogaster, 19 - fragment of genitoaggenital plate, 20 - anoadanal
plate, 21 - trochanter and femur of leg I
147
(~
I .- 29
30
22, 23. Phthiracarus lentulus (C.L.KOCH, 1841) (neotype): 22 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 23 - notogaster;
24-26. Phthiracarus lentulus (C.L.KOCH, 1841) (specimen from Poland): 24 - genitoaggenital plate,
25 - anoadanal plate, 26 - femur of leg I; 27-32. Phthiracarus nitens (NICOLET, 1855) (specimen from Poland):
27 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 28 - prodorsum, lateral view, 29 - notogaster, 30 - genitoaggenital plate,
31 - anoadanal plate, 32 - trochanter and femur of leg I
148
33
35
,,•.•..... "
~
~.
• ,<
;~~.,
36 38
33-39. Phthiracarus minor nov. nom.: 33-35. Archiphthiracarella insularis (BALOGH, 1962) = Phthiracarus
minor nov. nom (after MAHUNKA 1996): 33 - prodorsum, lateral view, 34 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
35 - genitoaggenitaI and anoadanal plates; 36-39. Archiphthiracarella bulbifera MAHUNKA 1996 - synonym of
Phthiracarus minor nov. nom. (after MAHUNKA 1996): 36 - prodorsum, lateral view, 37 -lateral view of body,
38 - genitoaggenital plate, 39 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates
149
/~-,._-
. .. ' -'
cJ8 "
\
----_._-=--::~-y~,/' - ------
--
d- ------
-'"
-----
-.....-,
"- ~' . "'.-.---."" .. -"""
41
40
43
44
45
40-45. Phthiracarus ochthus sp. nov. (holotype): 40 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 41 - prodorsum. lateral view,
42 _ notogaster, 43 _ genitoaggenital plate, 44 - anoadanal plate. 45 - trochanter and femur of leg I
150
47
49
yd/
/
'\ "
\ "
,,),,
-=------------------------\-'-;--
--'-. 1. '. - U
~{~-'
~----
.---',);7-
~'i.
-"\ 50
46, 47, Phthiracarus ochthus sp. nov. (specimen from Ivory Coast): 46 - prodorsum, lateral view,
47 - notogaster; 48-51. Phthiracarus parabaloghi NIEDBALA 1983 (holotype): 48 - prodorsum, lateral view,
49 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 50 - notogaster, 51 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates
151
~ ...
r:~.~
.
,y
-~-~
--
: -----..,
~.
("!.
52
\) , /
53
52-56. Phthiracarus parapoc.~i sp. nov. (holotype): 52 - prodorsum, lateral view, 53 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
54 - notogaster, 55 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates, 56 - trochanter and femur of leg l
152
61 63
57-60. Phthiracarus pocsi (MAHUNKA 1983) (after MAHUNKA 1983a): 57 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
58 - sensillus, 59 - lateral view of body, 60 - genitoaggenital and anoadana1 plates; 61-63. Phthiracarus
schauenbergi (MAHUNKA, 1988) (after MAHUNKA 1988a): 61 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 62 - lateral view of
body, 63 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates
153
67
64-68. Phthiracarus pygmaeus BALOGH, 1958 (paratype): 64 - prodorsum, lateral view, 65 - prodorsum, dorsal
view, 66 - notogaster, 67 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates, 68 - femur of leg I; 69-72. Archiphthiracarus
foveolatus MAHUNKA, 1988 - synonym of Pthiracarus pygmaeus BALOGH, 1958 (after MAHUNKA 1988a):
69 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 70 - lateral view of body, 71 - seta cp, 72 - ventral side of body
154
73
.-f2{
~
~
,-L
ej
76
}y- )
77
73-78. Phthiracarus wallworki NIEDBALA, 1984 (holotype): 73 - prodorsum, lateral view, 74 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 75 - notogaster, 76 - genitoaggenital plate, 77 - anoadanal plate, 78 - trochanter and femur of leg I
155
~~ '..:.,>:;~,
~' -------=----
c _
81 \
\11)
'r
83
87
79-84. Plonaphacarus brevisetus (MAHUNKA, 1984) (after MAHUNKA 1984b): 79 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
80 - sensillus, 81 - lamellar and interlamellar setae, 82 - lateral view of body, 83 - notogastral seta,
84 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates; 85-88. Plonaphacarus tanzicus (MAHUNKA, 1993) (after MAHUNKA
1993b): 85 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 86 - lateral view of body, 87 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates,
88 - femur of leg 1
156
/
I J
90
l
)
93
92
96
95
89-96. Plonaphacarus ecphylus sp. nov. (holotype): 89 - prodorsum, lateral view, 90 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
91 - notogaster, 92 - seta hl, 93 - genitoaggenital plate, 94 - anoadanal plate, 95 - trochanter and femur of leg I,
96 - tibia of leg IV
157
104
97-100. Plonaphacaru.l' kugohi (AOKI, 1959) (specimen from Australia): 97 - prodorsum, lateral view,
98 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 99 - notogaster, 100 - genitoaggenital plate, 101 - anoadanal plate;
102-106. Hoplophthiracaru.l' afrlcanu.l' MAHUNKA, 1984 - synonym of Plonaphacaru.l' kugohi (AOKI, 1959)
(after MAHUNKA 1984c): 102 - lateral view of body, 103 - sensillus, 104 - lamellar and interlamelar setae,
105 - seta of notogaster, 106 - anoadanal plate
158
107
::)"-
, \
'=;-- •.•.
111
107-112. Plonaphacarus machadoi (BALOGH, 1958) (specimen from type serie): 107 - prodorsum, lateral view,
108 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 109 - notogaster. 110 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates, 111 - trochanter
and femur of leg I, 112 - tibia of leg IV
159
113
114
j116
115
118
117
119
120
113-120. Plonaphacarus ngongi sp. nov. (holotype): 113 - prodorsum, lateral view, 114 - prodorsum, dorsal
view, 115 - notogaster, 116 - seta CJ, 117 - genitoaggenital plate, 118 - anoadanal plate, 119 - trochanter and
femur of leg I, 120 - tibia of leg IV
160
~
-l
-L
124
{ (
~{'I
125 ~
127
121-123. Plonaphacarus optivus NIEDBALA, 1984 (holotype): 121 - prodorsum, lateral view, 122 - notogaster;
123 - seta PS2; 124, 125. Plonaphacarus optivus NIEDBALA, 1984 (paratypes): 124 - fragment of genitoaggenital
plate, 125 - femur of leg I; 126, 127. Plonaphacarus persimilis NIEDBALA, 1994 (holotype): 126 -lateral view
of body, 127 - seta C2
161
128
132
131
134
128-135. Plonaphacarus styphelos sp. noy. (holotype): 128 - prodorsum, lateral yiew, 129 - prodorsum, dorsal
yiew, 130 - notogaster, 131 - setae Cj, 132 - genitoaggenital plate, 133 - anoadanal plate, 134 - trochanter and
femur of leg I, 135 - tibia of leg IV
162
136
139
144
136-140. Hoplophthiracarus ambiguus NIEDBALA, 1982 (hololype): 136 - prodorsum, lalerai view,
137 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 138 -nologasler, 139 - geniloaggenilal plale, 140 - anoadanal plale;
141-145. Hoplophthiracarus discrepus NIEDBALA, 1982 (hololype): 141 - prodorsum, lalerai view,
142 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 143 - nOlogasler, 144 - geniloaggenilal plale, 145 - anoadanal plale
163
L
I
~.
I
)
Y
149 f{
156
146-151. Hoplophthiracarus frater (BALOGH, 1958) (specimen from lype serie): 146. prodorsum, lalerai view,
147 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 148 - nologasler, 149 - geniloaggenilal plale, 150 - anoadanal plale,
151 - lrochanler and femur I; 152-156. Hoplophthiracarus hamatus (HAMMER, 1973) (hololype):
152 - prodorsum, lalerai view, 153 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 154 - nOlogasler, 155 - geniloaggenilal plale,
156 - anoadanal plale
164
~
rl
160
165
157-161. Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) amoenus (NIEDBALA, 1983) (holotype): 157 - prodorsum, lateral view,
158 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 159 - notogaster, 160 - genitoaggenital plate, 161 - anoadanal plate;
162-167. Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) laetabilis (NIEDBALA, 1988) (holotype): 162 - prodorsum, lateral view,
163 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 164 - notogaster, 165 - genitoaggenital plate, 166 - anoadanal plate,
167 - trochanter and femur of leg l
165
173
168-173. Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) inflatus (NIEDBALA, 1984) (hololype): 168 - prodorsum, lalerai view,
169 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 170 - nologasler, 171 - geniloaggenilal plale, 172 - anoadanal plale,
I
173 - lrochanter and femur of leg
166
--:d:~
177
176
y 181
p \
1\
-'.
_'o r '''-..--."
I
71 "') .,,---
~ 180 183 182
'O~
174-178. Steganaearus (Rhaeaplaearus) laterospinosus (MAHUNKA, 1993) (after MAHUNKA 1993a);

174 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 175 - lateral view of body, 176 - sensillus, 177 _ seta eZ, 178 _ genitoaggenital
and anoadanal plates; 179-184. Steganaearus (Rhaeaplaearus) ziesii MAHUNKA, 1988 (after MAHUNKA 1988b);
179 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 180 - rostral seta, 181 - lateral view of body, 182 _ seta ej, 183 _ seta PSI,
184 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates
167
185
:/
,
.
''''''''
190
185-190. Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) pervigens (NIEOBALA, 1988) (holotype): 185 - prodorsum, lateral
view, 186 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 187 - notogaster, 188 - genitoaggenital plate, 189 - anoadana1 plate,
I
190 - trochanter and femur of leg
168
191
(.
194
-~
198
195 196
191-198. Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) spinatus sp. nov. (holotype): 191 - prodorsum, lateral view,
192 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 193 - notogaster, 194 - seta CJ, 195 - genitoaggenital plate, 196 _ anoadanal
plate, 197 - trochanter and femur of leg I, 198 - tibia of leg IV
169
~
\ ~.t
::~. , .) .J ,,:"::
" '
t'}
'-'
200
203\
205
199-205. Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) spiniferus (MAHUNKA, 1993) (after MAHUNKA 1993b):

199 _ prodorsum, dorsal view, 200 - sensillus, 201 - lateral view of body, 202 - seta CI, 203 - seta ad2,
204 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates, 205 - femur of leg I
170
207
210
211
206-214. Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) succinctus sp. nov. (hololype): 206 - prodorsum, laleraI view,
207 - sensillus, 208 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 209 - nOlogasler, 210 - sela CJ. 211 - fragmenl of geniloaggenital
plale, 212 - anoadanal plale, 213 - lrochanler and femur I, 214 - libia of leg IV
I7l
~
--7218
~
220 221
215-218. Steganacarus (Steganacarus) car/osi NIEDBALA, 1984 (holotype): 215 - prodorsum, lateral view,
216 - notogaster, 217 - trochanter and femur of leg I, 218 - tibia of leg IV; 219-222. Steganacarus
(Steganacarus) complicatus MAHUNKA, 1993 (after MAHUNKA 1993a): 219 - lateral view of body,
220 - sensillus and exobothridial seta, 221 - seta h), 222 - anal and adanal setae
172
Th
\
I
I
224
228
223. Steganacarus (Steganacarus) guanarteme PEREZ-INIGO et PENA, 1996 (after PEREZ-INIGO and PENA 1996)
- lateral view of body; 224-228. Steganacarus (Steganacarus) inurbanus NIE DBALA, 1993 (holotype):
224 - prodorsum, lateral view, 225 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 226 - notogaster, 227 - genitoaggenital pIate,
228 - anoadanal plate
173
231
234
229-234. Steganacarus (Steganacarus) magnus (specimen from France): 229 - prodorsum, lateral view,
234 - trochanter and femur of leg I
174
237
238
239
235-239. Hoplophthiracarus peracutus MAHUNKA, 1983 - syn onym of Steganacarus (Steganacarus) sol
BALOGH, 1958 (after MAHUNKA 1983b): 235 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 236 - lateral view of body,
237 - sensiJlus and lamellar seta, 238 - notogastral setae, 239 - anoadanal plate; 240-243. Steganacarus
(Steganacarus) werneri MAHUNKA 1993, (after MAHUNKA 1993a): 240 - lateral view of body, 241 - sensillus,
242 - seta h3, 243 - anoadanal plate
175
244
--f--\_\
247
244-249. Steganacarus (Steganacarus) tenerifensis PEREZ-INIGO, 1972 (specimen from Canary Islands):
244 _ prodorsum, lateral view, 245 - notogaster, 246 - seta hl. 247 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plate,
248 - trochanter and femur of leg I, 249 - tibia of leg IV
176
253
250--254. Steganacarus (Steganacarus) vestitus NIEDBALA, 1983 (holotype): 250 - prodorsum, lateral view,
251- prodorsum, dorsal view, 252 - notogaster, 253 - genitoaggenital plate, 254 - anoadanal plate
177
\
!
259
1
" C J <~ -. ~--~-==--=====f-
258
255-260. Steganacarus (Steganacarus) wallworki MAHUNKA, 1984 (ho1otype): 255 - prodorsum, lateral view,
256 _ prodorsum, dorsal view, 257 - notogaster, 258 - seta hl, 259 - genitoaggenital p1ate, 260 - anoadanal plate
178
261
JIj).J ) ...) -' .)

.j) )
J 264)J
-.JJ
\! ('o(
,) )
J j--.J
261-266. Austrophthiracarus anosculpturatus (MAHUNKA, 1987) (paratype): 261 - prodorsum, lateral view,
179
267
,,
(
~"
,
.. .•.\
/,#ft ••• ".-,,'" \,
272
271 273
267-273. Austrophthiracarus aokii (MAHUNKA, 1983) (paratype): 267 - prodorsum, lateral view,
268 _ prodorsum, dorsal view, 269 - notogaster, 270 - genitoaggenital plate, 271 - anoadanal plate,
272 - trochanter and femur of leg I, 273 - tibia of leg IV
180
274
275
(,
:,
~:l~
__~ -,
/
/
I
/
/
I
f
I
I
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
276
r 278
274-281. Arphthicarus hamidi (MAHUNKA, 1987) (paratype): 274 - prodorsum, lateral view, 275 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 276 - anterior part of notogaster, 277 - lower part of notogaster, 278 - mentum of infracapitulum,
279 - genitoaggenital plate, 280 - anoadanal plate, 281 - trochanter and femur of leg I
181
286
285
282-287. Arphthicarus inaequus (NIEDBALA, 1984) (holotype): 282 - prodorsum, lateral view, 283 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 284 - notogaster, 285 - genitoaggenital plate, 286 - anoadanal plate, 287 - trochanter and femur af
leg l
182
288
~
t: I (
P
I
'-'\
/fe
292
288-293. Arphthicarus indiligens (NIEDBALA, 1984) (holotype): 288 - prodorsum, lateral view,
289 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 290 - notogaster, 291 - genitoaggenital plate. 292 - anoadanal plate,
I
183
J r
300
294-300. Hoplophthiracarus atypicus MAHUNKA, 1988 (paratype) - synonym of Arphthicarus inelegans

(NIEDBALA, 1988): 294 - prodorsum, lateral view, 295 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 296 - notogaster,
297 - sculpture of notogaster, 298 - genitoaggenital plate, 299 - anoadanal plate, 300 - trochanter and femur of
leg I
184
301
301-306. Arphthicarus marginatus (MAHUNKA, 1984) (holotype): 301 - prodorsum, lateral view,
302 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 303 - notogaster, 304 - paraxial margin of genitoaggenital plale, 305 - anoadanal
plale, 306 - lrochanler and femur of leg I
185
-,
\'7'
307-312. Arphthicarus notatus sp. noY. (holotype): 307 - prodorsum,1ateral Yiew, 308 - prodorsum, dorsal Yiew,
309 _ notogaster, 310 - genitoaggenital plate, 311- anoadanal plate, 312 - trochanter and femur of leg I
186
~
/ /
~-_./~,,----~
.. / /
314
~' A
~
~
l \. /\
__
\ r~
o
T--"h"----~':i;::-~
0°00
0°0°00°:;
0000000 //
/
/
/ /-'\
E
r
316
313-318. Arphthicarus sculptilis (NlEDBALA, 1988) (holotype): 313 - prodorsum, lateral view, 314 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 315 - notogaster, 316 - genitoaggenital plate, 317 - anoadanal plate, 318 - trochanter and femur of
leg I
187
,
,,
.,,,,~~
,-,' •.... -
324
319
322
319-324. Hoplophthiracarus magnus MAHUNKA, 1988 (paratype) - synonym of Arphthicarus sculptilis

(NIEDBALA, 1988): 319 - prodorsum, lateral view, 320 - notogaster, 321 - seta CJ, 322 - paraxial margin of
I
genitoaggenital plate, 323 - anoadanal plate, 324 - trochanter and femur of leg
188
/
325
328
325-331. Archiphthiracarus trichosus (MAHUNKA, 1988) (paratype): 325 - prodorsum, lateral view,
326 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 327 - notogaster, 328 - seta hl, 329 - genitoaggenital plate, 330 - anoadanal
189
335
332-337. Arphthicarus veteratorius (NIEDBALA, 1988) (holotype): 332 - prodorsum, lateral view,
190
338
>-I)-----J~_)-J
o O
O O
O O O
342
338-342. Protophthiracarus araios sp. nov. (holotype): 338 - prodorsum, lateral view, 339 - prodorsum, dorsal
view, 340 - notogaster, 341 - trochanter and femur of leg l, 342 - anterior part of notogaster of specimen from
Foulpointe
191
343
-' "
,"'", "
-----.)'----
348 ..
343-348_ Protophthiracarus dignus (NIEDBALA, 1983) (hololype): 343 - prodorsum, lalerai view,
344 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 345 - nOlogasler, 346 - geniloaggenilal plale, 347 - anoadanal plale, 348 - femur
of leg l
192
"rl
d 350
349
353
349-355. Protophthiracarus mayottei sp. nov. (holotype): 349 - prodorsum, lateral view, 350 - sensillus,
351 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 352 - notogaster with seta CI, 353 - paraJdal margin of genitoaggenital plate,
354 - paraxial margin of anoadanal plate, 355 - trochanter and femur of leg I
193
G~~~
7361
360
356-361. Protophthiracarus prominens (BALOGH, 1958) (specimen from Angola): 356 - prodorsum, lateral
view, 357 _ prodorsum, dorsal view, 358 - notogaster, 359 - genitoaggenital plate, 360 - anoadanal plate,
194
"' ,
IJ!-4--LI-r-J-r1.1'
364
'I
365
362-366. Protophthiracarus venustus (NIEDBALA, 1983) (holotype): 362 - prodorsum, latera1 view,
363 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 364 - notogaster, 365 - genitoaggenital plate, 366 - anoadana1 plate
195
369
r
370
367-372. Notophthiracarus armatus (MAHUNKA, 1986) (holotype): 367 - prodorsum, lateral view,
372 - trochanter and femur of leg l
196
,'
, '
" ,
373
377
376
373-380. Notophthiracarus armatus (MAHUNKA, 1986) (specimen from Tanzania recolted by K. PURRINI):
373 - prodorsum, lateral view, 374 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 375 - notogaster, 376 - seta Cj, 377 - surface of
notogaster with seta hl, 378 - genitoaggenital plate, 379 - anoadanal plate, 380 - trochanter and femur of leg l
197
("
/
kYL
(
385 386
381-387. Notophthiracarus bicarinatus sp. nov. (holotype): 381 - prodorsum, lateral view, 382 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 383 - notogaster, 384 - dorsal fragment of notogaster, 385 - genitoaggenital plate, 386 - anoadanal
198
388
390
"
..."---
J
391
388-393. Notophthiracarus cavemosus (MAHUNKA, 1978) (paratype): 388 - prodorsum, lateral view,
199
397
394--400. Notophthiracarus dacryloscopicus (MAHUNKA, 1978) (paralype): 394 - prodorsum, lalerai view,
395 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 396 - nOlogasler, 397 - menlum of infracapilulum, 398 - geniloaggenilal plale,
399 - anoadanal plale, 400 - lrochanler and femur of leg I
200
~/I/
..'-:.
.; V,',' ,.,
-:'-~'~c
__
;:?;~/"
, .
';):>'
,
\
\
I
):~,:_-.-.~
403
401-404. Notophthiracarus echinus (BALOGH, 1962): 401 - prodorsum, lateral view, 402 _ notogaster,
403 - paraxial margin of genitoaggenital plate, 404 - paraxial margin of anoadanal plate (401, 403 and 404 after
MAHUNKA 1990; 402 after BALOGH 1962); 405, 406. Notophthiracarus paulianus (BALOGH, 1962) (after
BALOGH1962): 405 - prodorsum, posterior view, 406 - lateral view of body
201
411
407-411. Nataphthiracarus linealatus MAHUNKA, 1993 (after MAHUNKA 1993b): 407 - prodorsum, lateral view,
408 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 409 - lateral view of body, 410 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates,
202
414
~
417
416 418
412-415. Notophthiracarus parareductus (MAHUNKA, 1992) (after MAHUNKA 1988a): 412 - prodorsum, dorsal
view, 413 - notogaster, 414 - seta cz, 415 - genitoaggenital and anoadana1 plate; 416-418. Notophthiracarus (?)
soma/icus (BERLESE, 1923) (lectotype): 416 -lateral view ofbody, 417 - seta CJ, 418 - trochanter and femur of
leg I
203
H
\
,
\' ~
..
'" ..
'.
424
419-424. Notophthiracarus parasomalicus sp. nov. (holotype): 419 - prodorsum, lateral view, 420 - prodorsum,
leg l
204
428
425-430. Notophthiracarus parasummersi sp. nov. (hololype); 425 - prodorsum, laleraI view, 426 _ prodorsum,
dorsal
leg I view, 427 - nOlogasler, 428 - geniloaggenitaI plale, 429 - anoadanal plate, 430 _ lrochanter and femur of
205
~-!-
rl
/ \H j
{'\).) )
431
ff
7r
rr
("f.
t
435
431. Notophthiracarus pardinus (BERLESE, 1916) (type from Berlese collection) - lateral view of body;
432-437. Notophthiracarus parilloi sp. nov. (holotype): 432 - prodorsum, lateral view, 433 - prodorsum, dorsal
view, 434 - notogaster, 435 - genitoaggenital plate, 436 - anoadanal plate, 437 - trochanter and femur of leg l
206
K
I
/'
r
--- r
443 ~ "'--- II
441 442
438-443. Notophthiracarus procerus sp. nov. (holotype): 438 - prodorsum, lateral view, 439 - prodorsum,
leg l
207
----- ...•.
/I
!
447
446
448
/
452
453~
444--450. Notophthiracarus puylaerti sp. nov. (holotype): 444 - prodorsum, lateral view, 445 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 446 - notogaster, 447 - seta CJ, 448 - genitoaggenital plate, 449 - anoadanal plate, 450 - trochanter
and femur of leg I; 451-453. Notophthiracarus rapax (BERLESE, 1916) (type from Berlese collection):
451 - lateral view of body, 452 - sensillus, 453 - seta e/
208
o
V r \000°
- O o o
\ ,J!
t ) --
() O
-----Q--?-
---- -
O O
~-=~---------:--/
---
\
----',
456
454--458. Notophthiracarus raJalskii NIEDBALA, 1997 (holotype): 454 - prodorsum, lateral view,
455 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 456 - notogaster, 457 - genitoaggenital plate, 458 - anoadanal plate
209
"
['-->l')
r- (.
~I""') ------b [,
L'··.:
[O
463
\ \ j J
',J)\\\\- __ , __ i/Me,,'
- ,\,l
--
r:
459 :;/'..
459-464. Notophthiracarus sacyae (MAHUNKA, 1983) (after MAHUNKA 1983a): 459 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
460 - lateral view of body, 461 - surface of notogaster, 462 - sensillus with lamellar seta, 463 - seta hl.
464 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates
210
465-470. Notophthiracarus similis sp. nov. (holotype): 465 - prodorsum, lateral view, 466 - prodorsum, dorsal
view, 467 - notogaster, 468 - genitoaggenital plate, 469 - anoadanal plate, 470 - trochanter and femur of leg I
211
~o
_I
I , ,:"
rr
"
"
1 476
474
471-475. Notophthiracarus summersi sp. nov. (holotype): 471 - prodorsum, lateral view, 472 - prodorsum,
leg I
212
477-484. Notophthiracarus zebrus (BALOGH, 1962) (specimen from eucalyptus foret): 477 - prodorsum, lateral
view, 478 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 479 - notogaster, 480 - surface of notogaster, 481 - seta hl,
213
491
489
485-491. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) angolensis (MAHUNKA, 1984) (holotype): 485 - prodorsum, lateral view,
486 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 487 - notogaster, 488 - seta d2, 489 - genitoaggenital plate, 490 - anoadanal
plate, 491 - trochanter and femur ofleg I
214
OJ
J 'J~/ ." •...
'
,3 '., i
\ !
"rllO~t
,, ,,
492
492-495, Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) balazsi (MAHUNKA, 1983) (after MAHUNKA 1983c): 492 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 493 - lateral view of body, 494 - anterodorsal part of notogaster, 495 - ventral side of body
215
498
499
496-501. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) brevipilis (BALOGH, 1958) (specimen from Kenya): 496 - prodorsum,
lateral view, 497 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 498 - notogaster, 499 - genitoaggenital plate, 500 - anoadanal plate,
50 l - trochanter and femur of leg I
216
,
: ,,
"
: -,
'
~ f
....
_#_ - ....
"'.i."-. .•- _ - .~- ')
.f:.~-'--~---
~>-. 505
i\
510
509
J!j.-7' 508
502-506. Atropaearus (Hoplophorella) eollaris (BALOGH, 1958) (after MAHUNKA 1984a): 502 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 503 - lateral view of body, 504 - seta C}, 505 - seta hl. 506 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates;
507-510. Atropaearus (Hoplophorella) remigerus (BERLESE, 1923) (type from Berlese collection):
507 - prodorsum, lateral view, 508 - notogaster, 509 - setaps3, SIO - setaps4
217
'J
511-516. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) cucullatus (EWJNG, 1909) (specimen from Canada): 511 - prodorsum,
lateral view, 512 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 513 - notogaster, 514 - genitoaggenital plate, 515 - anoadanal plate,
516 - trochanter and femur of leg I; 517-520. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) ensiferus (MAHUNKA, 1984) (after
MAHUNKA 1984a): 517 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 518 - sensillus, 519 -lateral view ofbody, 520 - seta CJ
218
523
L~'
[
\
525 526
521. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) cucullatus obsoletior (BERLESE, 1923) (specimen from Berlese collection) _
syn onym of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) jloridus (JACOT, 1933) - lateral view of body;
522-527. Hoplophorella schauenbergi MAHUNKA, 1978 (paratype) - synonym of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella)
jloridus (JACOT, 1933): 522 - prodorsum, lateral view, 523 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 524 - notogaster,
219
JI1
G fr ..:
i..1 r"~_;Y
~ .._--i/
l"C"""l'
528
528-530. Hoplophorella ligulifera MAHUNKA, 1987 (after MAHUNKA 1987a): 528 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
529 - lateral view of body, 530 - anoadanal plate; 531-535. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) insolens NIEDBALA,
1988 (holotype): 531 - prodorsum, lateral view, 532 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 533 _ notogaster,
534 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates, 535 - trochanter and femur of leg I
220
I~
'f~
I
542~544 1(5 ~
I
53~538. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) lemurius (MAHUNKA, 1993) (after MAHUNKA 1993c): 536 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 537 - lalerai view of body, 538 - geniloaggenilal and anoadanal plales; 539-544. Atropacarus
(Hoplophorella) minisetosus (MAHUNKA, 1978) (specimen from Reunion): 539 - prodorsum, lalerai view,
540 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 541- nOlogasler, 542 - geniloaggenital plale, 543 - anoadanal plale,
544 - lrochanler and femur of leg I
221
549
545-550. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) multirugosus (MAHUNKA, 1978) (paratype): 545 - prodorsum, lateral
view, 546 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 547 - notogaster, 548 - genitoaggenital plate, 549 - anoadanal plate,
222
552
\
\
\
\ \
553 , '/\
~" \ \
\ \ ('
\ \ \
~~ \
'-\
\
\\
;'1.'
\
II - 1) J)
,,0·';1 /'f ;.j
\
~~ \ ~555 ;~
J')1')1 ~ ~
551-556. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) cornutus (MAHUNKA, 1978) (paratype) - synonym of Atropacarus

(Hoplophorella) multirugosus (MAHUNKA, 1978): 551 - prodorsum, lateral view, 552 - prodorsum and anterior
part of notogaster, dorsal view, 553 - notogaster, 554 - genitoaggenital plate, 555 - anoadanal plate,
223
;)
i:I
I",: ,I
i\,l
, "
(( "
I '!"!!.l:,:,,;~,
!
~ -
o
/--~-7-
__-"-;:--:-~_~_~
-L---- ----------
-------~// /
_-------1
'-(-l-)~
564
565
557-559. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) mwali (MAHUNKA, 1994) (after MAHUNKA 1994): 557 - prodorsum,
dorsal view, 558 _ lateral view af body, 559 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates; 560-566. Atropacarus
(Hoplophorella) oblongus (NIEDBALA, 1983) (holotype): 560 - prodorsum, lateral view, 561 - prodorsum, dorsal
view, 562 _ notogaster, 563 - seta CJ, 564 - genitoaggenital and anoadanal plates, lateral view,
565 _ genitoaggenital plate, 566 - anoadanal plate
224
;/
567-572. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) pallens (NIEDBALA, 1983) (holotype): 567 - prodorsum, lateral view,
I
225
574
573
l---r_/_,
575
578
573-579. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) pustulatus (MAHUNKA, 1993) (specimen from Rwanda):

573 - prodorsum, lateral view, 574 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 575 - notogaster, 576 - mentum of infracapitulum,
226
r
580-587. Hoplophthiracarus regalis MAHUNKA, 1978 - synonym of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) singularis

(SELLNICK, 1959) (paratype): 580 - prodorsum, lateral view, 581 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 582 - fragment of
nOlogasler, 583 - sela PSI, 584 - geniloaggenilal plate, 585 - paraxial margin of left geniloaggenilal pl ale,
586 - anoadanal plale, 587 - trochanter and femur of leg I
227
593
588, 589. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) stilifer (HAMMER, 1961) (syntype): 588 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
589 - notogaster; 590-596. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) stilifer (HAMMER, 1961) (specimen from Cameroon):
590 - prodorsum, lateral view, 591 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 592 - notogaster, 593 - seta CJ, 594 - seta hl,
595 - anoadanal plate, 596 - trochanter and femur of leg I
228
599
597-601. Hoplophorella benoiti MAHUNKA, 1984 (paratype): synonym of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) stilifer
(HAMMER, 1961): 597 - prodorsum, lateral view, 598 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 599 - notogaster,
600 - anoadanal plate, 60 l - trochanter and femur of leg I
229
\.,-
t: ~
r;-
(I \ ~ I ~
~ '606 ~ }O7
0'1\
~ \
602-609. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) subciliatus (MAHUNKA, 1983) (specimen from Tanzania):

602 - prodorsum, laterai view, 603 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 604 - notogaster, 605 - mentum of infracapitulum,
606 - genitoaggenital pIate, 607 - right anoadanaI pIate, 608 - anoadanal plate, left, 609 - trochanter and femur
of leg I
230
610
610-614. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) subitus (NIEDBALA, 1983) (holotype): 610 - prodorsum, lateral view,
611 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 612 - notogaster, 613 - genitoaggenital plate, 614 - anoadanal plate
231
616
R~--yS"-- """ '-'--
CJ/
/
0);
:/
_--·;;·4'
.~
/.
619
615. Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) tuberculosissimus (MAHUNKA, 1978) (paralype) - nologasler;
616-621. Hoplophorella horrida MAHUNKA, 1984 (hololype) - synonym of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella)
tuberculosissimus (MAHUNKA, 1978): 616 - prodorsum, lalerai view, 617 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
618 - nologasler, 619 - paraxial margin of geniloaggenilal plale, 620 - anoadanal plale, 621 - trochanler and
femur of leg I
232
,
,
,
,
,
,
,,
,
, ,
,,
,
,,
" ~_'
...)~ ~
o
" ,»>'>.::,
J 'o -' J.>'>'> '
c/\" :\\' \,
,J:l) .:l ,J ~ )'"
,,
,
,
,
\,t
625
622-626. Hop/ophorella meszarosi MAHUNKA, 1988 (holotype) - synonym of Atropacarus (Hop/ophorella)

tubercu/osissimus (MAHUNKA, 1978): 622 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 623 - anterodorsal part of notogaster,
624 - notogaster, lateral view, 625 - notogaster, dorsal view, 626 - anoadanal plate
233
627
~.-
630
627-631. Hoplophorella tuberosa MAHUNKA, 1988 (holotype) - synonym oj Atropacarus (Hoplophorella)

tuberculosissimus (MAHUNKA, 1978): 627 - prodorsum, lateral view, 628 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
629 - notogaster, 630 - anoadanal plate, 631 - trochanter and femur of leg I
234
632
~---
634
632-635. Hoplophorella verrucosa MAHUNKA, 1987 (holotype) - synonym of Atropacarus (Hoplophorella)

tuberculosissimus (MAHUNKA, 1978): 632 - prodorsum, lateral view, 633 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
634 - notogaster, 635 - trochanter and femur of leg I
235
638
636-639. Hoplophorella lienhardi MAHUNKA, 1987 (after MAHUNKA 1987a) - synonym of Atropacarus
(Hoplophorella) vitrinus (BERLESE, 1913): 636 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 637 - lateral view of body,
638 - notogastral seta, 639 - anoadanal plate; 640. Tritonymphe of Hoplophthiracarus ambiguus NIED8ALA,
1982 -lateral view ofbody
236
641-645. Tritonymphe of Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) amoenus (NIEDBALA, 1983): 641 - prodorsum, lateral
view, 642 - notogaster, lateral view, 643 - ventral region, 644 - legs I and II, 645 - legs III and IV
237
!/H~~
!
( J \
.....~ J
646-650. Oribotritia paraspinosa MAHUNKA, 1999 (specimen from Madagascar): 646 - prodorsum, lateral
view, 647 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 648 - notogaster, 649 - ventral plates, 650 - distal part of femur l
238
/
654
I
~
~{. 653
651-655. Oribotritia virgulata sp. nov. (holotype): 651 - prodorsum, lateral view, 652 - prodorsum, dorsal view,
653 - notogaster, lateral view, 654 - anterior part of notogaster, dorsal view, 655 - ventral region
239
656
J
.
I~
f(j~
- ," ,
660
~I
656--658. Euphthiracarus incredibilis (MAHUNKA, 1999) (holotype): 656 - prodorsum, lateral view,
657 - prodorsum, dorsal view, 658 - notogaster; 659. Rhysotritia granulata MAHUNKA, 1999 (paratype)
prodorsum with anterior part of notogaster, lateral view; 660, 661. Microtritia striatissima MAHUNKA, 1999
(holotype): 660 - prodorsum, lateral view, 661 - anterior part of notogaster, lateral view
240
662, 663. Mesoplophora gibba MAHUNKA, 1988 (after MAHUNKA 1988a) - synonym of Mesoplophora
(Parplophora) leviseta HAMMER, 1979: 662 - lateral view of body, 663 - ventral side; 664, 665. Mesoplophora
(Parplophora) rostrata MAHUNKA, 1988 (after MAHUNKA 1988b): 664 - IateraI view of body, 665 - ventraI side
241
670
669
672
675
I 674
666,667. Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) africana BALOGH, 1958 (after MAHUNKA 1985): 666 -Iateral view of
body, 667 - ventral side; 668, 669. Mesoplophora insularis PEREZ-INIGO, 1984 (paratype) - synonym of
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) africana BALOGH, 1958: 668 - sensillus, 669 - ventral, right side;
670-675. Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) invisitata NIEDBALA, 1983 (holotype): 670 - prodorsum, lateral view,
671 _ prodorsum. dorsaI view, 672 - sensillus, 673 - notogaster, 674 - seta e], 675 - posterior part of ventral side
242
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES
valid names in normal, synonyms in italics, pages with description in bold, pages with placement in an identifi-
cation key in bold italie, pages with figures in underline
africanaH. 12,68 compacta 81,86,91

africana M. 94, 95, 96, 242 contractilis 12
africana O. 81,82,90,92,93 comutus 11, 62, 223
africanus E.(P.) 81,91 crispus 19
africanus H. 9,21, 158 cucullata floridae 60
Afrotritia 90 cucullatum 59
ambiguus 9,25,26,71,76,77,79, 163, 236 cucullatus 11,59,75,79, 218
amoena 28 cucullatus obsoletior 11, 219
amoenus 9,26,28,29,72, 165,237 cuneiseta 11, 60
anchistea 87 dactyloscopicus 10,49,74, 200
andrei 12,68 digna 45
angolensis A.(H.) 11,57,75, 214 dignus 10,45,74,79, 192
angolensis P. 9, 14 discrepus 9,26,71,79, 163
anomala 33 disparilis 81, 91, 93
anonymus 8,12,70,77,79,99,103, 145 echidninus 55
anosculpturatus 10,37,73, 179 echinus 10,43,49,52,53,76,201
aokii 10,38,73,79, 180 ecphylus 4,9,20,71, 157
araios 4, 10, 44, 74, ID ensifera 59
Archiphthiraearella 8 ensiferus 11,59,76, 218
ardua 81,87,91, 102 Eupthiracaridae 90
armata 47 Euphthiracaroidea 81,98,99, 101, 102, 103, 104
armatus 10,47,74,196,197 Euphthiracarus 86, 90
Arphthiracarus 4, 8, 39, 70, 79, 102 Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) 4,93, 103
Atropacarus 57 Euphthiracarus (Pocsia) 4,93,99, 100, 103, 104
Atropacarus (Atropacarus) 4, 80, 102 Euptyctima 5
Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) 8, 57, 69, 79, 80, 99 flagellatus 8, 14, 70, 147
atypicus 10,40,41, 184 floridus 11,60,75,77,79,98,219
australis 81,91,93 foveolatus 9, 18, 19, 154
Austrophthiracarus 48,37,70,79, 102 frater 9,27,71,76,78, 164
Austrotritia 90 gibba 94,95, 241
balazsi 11,58, 75, 215 glauca 11,60
baloghi M. 13 granulata 81,88, 240
baloghi P. 8, 13, 70, 145 guanarteme 10,33,72, 173
benoiti H. 11,64,65, 229 hamatus 9,28,71,98,103, 164
benoiti P. 8, 13
bicarinatus E.(P.) 81,91
hamidi 10,39,73, li
hauseri A. 8, 12, 145
bicarinatus N. 4,10,48,74, 198 hauseri M. 81,89,91
brevipilis 11,58,75,79, 216 herenessica 81, 90
breviseta 81,91 heterotrichus 81, 91, 93
brevisetus 9,20,71, 156 histricinum 25
Bukitritia 4, 89, 93, 103 Hoplophorella 8, 80, 99
bulbifera 9, 15, 149 Hoplophthiracarus 8, 25, 70, 79
carlosi 10,33,72,77, 172 horrida 11,66,67,232
cavernosa 48 inaequus 10,39,73,79, 182
cavernosus N. 10,48,74, 146 incredibilis 81, 86, 240
cavernosus P. 8,13,70, 199 indiligens 10,40, 73, 183
chilensis 44 Indotritia 90, 99, 103
clavata 81,91,92 Indotritia (Afrotritia) 4,93,99, 100, 103, 104
clavifer 8,14,70, 147 Indotritia (Indotritia) 93, 103
collaris 11,59, 76, 217 inelegans 10,40,73,79,98,103, 184
complicatus 10,33,73,80, 172 inflatus 9,29,72,79, 166
comteae 81,87,91,92, 102 inopinatus 81, 91
243
insolens 11,60,76, 220 parareductus 10,50,74, 203
insularis M. 95, 242 parasomalicus 4, 10, 50, 55, 75, 204
insularis P. 9, 13, 15, 149 paraspinosa 81,82,90,92,98, 238
inurbanus 10,34,72, 173 parasummersi 4, 11,51,56, 75, 205
invisitata 94, 96, 96, 242 pardinum 51
Kakophthiracarus 8 pardinus 11,51, 74, 206
krakatauensis 81,85,91,92,98,102 parilloi 4, li, 51, 75, 206
kugohi 9,21,23,71,77,79,98,99,103, 158 pauIiani 52
kunsti 81,91 paulianus 11, 52, 53, 75, 20 l
laetabilis 9,30, 72, 165 paulyi 81,85,91,92,98
laevigata 12 peracutus 10, 35, 175
laterospinosus 9,30,72, 167 perisi 11,60
lemuria 61 persimilis 9,24,71, W
lemurius 11, 61, 76, 221 pervigens 9,30,72, 168
lentulus 9, 14, 70, 79, 148 Phthiracaridae 8
leviseta 94,96,99, 100, 102, 104, 241 Phthiracaroidea 8,98,99, 101, 102, 103, 104
lienhardi 12, 68, 236 Phthiracarus 8,12,70,79, 80
ligulifera li, 60, 220 Plonaphacarus 8, 20, 70, 79
lineolatus 10,49, 74, 202 pocsi 9, 18, 70, 153
machadoi Ph. 9, 15 Pocsia 90
machadoi PL 9,21,71,77,78, 159 procerus 4, 11, 52, 74, 207
magna 33,34 prominens 10,46,73,79, 194
magnus H. 10,42,43, 188 Protophthiracarus 8,44,69,79
magnus S.(S.) 10,34,73,76, 102, 104, 174 Protoplophoroidea 5
marginatus 10,41,73, 185 Ptyctima 5
mayottei 4, 10,45,73,79,98, 193 pulchra 94
Mesoplophora 94 pustulata 63
Mesoplophora (Mesoplophora) 94, 95, 96 pustulatus 11,63, 76, 80, 226
Mesoplophora (Parplophora) 94,96 puylaerti 4,11,53,74, 208
Mesoplophoridae 94 pygmaeus 9,18,70,77,79, 154
Mesoplophoroidea 94,98, 101, 102, 103 rafalskii 11,53,74, 209
Mesotritia 90 rapax 11,54,74, 208
meszarosi 11,66,67, 233 raychaudhurii 12,68
michaeliana 94, 95 reducta 10, 50
Microphthiracarus 8 regalis li, 64, 227
Microtritia 89, 90, 93, 99, 103 remigera 64
minisetosa 61 remigerus 11,64,76, 217
minisetosus 11,61,76,77,79, 221 reticulata 81,91
minor 9,15,70,98, 149 Rhysotritia 87,90,99, 103
minutissimus 9, 18,19 rostrata 94,95,96, 241
Mixonomata 5 rustica 81,88,91,92,93,102
multirugosus 11,62,67,75,77,79,98, 222, 223 ruwenzorii 81, 91, 93
mwali 11,62,75, 224 sacyae 11,54, 75, 210
ngongi 4,9,23,71, 160 scapellata 12, 68
Niedbalaia 86 scapellatus 68
nitens 9, 16, 70, 77, 102, 104, 148 schauenbergi H. 11,60, 219
notatus 4, 10,42,73, 186 schauenbergi P. 9, 19, 71,79,98, 103, 153
Notophthiracarus 4, 8,47, 70, 79, 80, 99, 100, sculptilis 10,39,42,43,73,77,98,99, 103, 187,
101,102,104 188
nuda 81,91 secundus 81,91
oblonga 62 serrula 9, 18
oblongus 11,62,76, 224
obsoletior 60
similis 4, 11,54,74,98, lli
singularis li, 64, 76, 79, 98, 103, 227
ochthus 4,9,16,71,77,78,98, 150 sol 10,35,73,79, 175
optivus 9,23, 71,W solitaria 81,90
Oribotritia 82, 90, 93, 99, 103 somalicus 11,24,50,55,75, 203
Oribotritiidae 82,90 spatulata 11, 60
pallens 11,63,75,79, 225 spiculifera 81,88,91,92,99, 100, 102, 104
parabaloghi 9,17,70, 78,m spinatus 4,9,31, 72, 169
parapocsi 4,9,17,70, 152 spiniferus 9, 31, 72, 170
244
spinosa 81,91,92,98 trichosus 10,43,73, 189
Steganacarellus 8 tripartita 81,85,91
Steganacaridae 8 tropica 81,91,92,102
Steganacarus 4,28,79,80,99, 102, 103 tuberculosissima 66
Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) 4, 8, 28, 69, 79, 80, tuberculosissimus 11,66,67,75,77,79,98, 232,
100, 102, 104 233,234,235
Steganacarus (Steganacarus) 8,33,69, 100, 104 tuberosa 11,66,67, 234
stilifer 11,64,76,77,79, 228, 229 tuberosus 66
striatissima 81,89,91, 240 venusta 47
striculus 33 venustus 10,47,74, 195
styphelos 4,9,24,71, 162 verrucosa 11, 66, 235
subciliata 65 verrucosus 66,67
subciliatus 11,65,76,80, 230 vestitus 10,35,36,73,79,80, 177
subita 66 veteratorius lO, 44, 73, 190
subitus 11,66, 76, 231 virgulata 4,81,84,90, 239
succincta 81,90, 92, 98 vitrinum 68
succinctus 4, 9, 32, 72,
summersi 4, 11,51,56,75, 212
ill vitrinus 12,68,75,76,77,79,
wallworki P. 9, 19, 70, 155
236
tanythrix 86 wallworki S.(S.) 10,36, 72, 178

tanzicus 9,25,71, 156 wemeri 10,37,73,80, 175
tenerifensis 10,35, 72, 176 zebra 56
timah 81,89,92,99,100, 102, 104 zebrus 11,56,74,213
tiwi 81,84,91,92,93,98, 102 zicsii 9,32,72, 167
trentus 81,91
245
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Study on the diversity..... the fauna of the Ethiopian Region

Article · January 2001

Taxonomy and biodiversity of soil mites (Acari) of Cameroon View project

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STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY OF PTYCTIMOUS MITES

STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY OF PTYCTIMOUS MITES

World List abbreviation: Monogr. up. si/es. Mus.

This paper has been prepared thanks to the financial support

Issued 2 July 2001

© Copyright by Upper Silesian Museum, Bytom 2001

Department of Animai Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University

Key words: ptyctimous mites, Ethiopian region, origin, centre of speciation

Phthiracarus PERTY, 1839

Plonaphacarus NIEDBALA, 1986

Plonaphacarus machadoi (BALOGH, 1958) Ethiopian

Hoplophthiracarus JACOT, 1933

Steganacarus (Rhacaplacarus) NIEDBALA, 1986

Austrophthiracarus BALOGH, MAHUNKA, 1978

Austrophthiracarus anosculpturatus (MAHUNKA, 1987) Endemie

Arphthicarus NIEDBALA, 1994

Arphthicarus hamidi (MAHUNKA, 1987) Endemie

Protophthiracarus BALOGH, 1972

Notophthiracarus RAMSAY, 1966

Notophthiracarus armatus (MAHUNKA, 1986) Endemie

Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) NIEDBALA, 1986

3.1.2. Review oC species

Phthiracarus PERTY, 1839

Phthiraearus anonymus GRANDJEAN,1993

Phthiracarus baloghi (MAHUNKA,1982)

Phthiracarus benoiti BALOGH, 1958 (nomen dubium)

Phthiracarus cavernosus (WALLWORK,1977)

Phthiracarus flagellatus WALLWORK,1977

Phthiracarus lentulus (eL. KOCH, 1841)

Phthiraearus minor nov. nom.

Phthiracarus nitens (NICOLET,1855)

Phthiracarus ochthus sp. nov.

MEASUREMENTS OF HOLOTYPE: prodorsum: length 303, width 227, height 106,

Plonaphacarus NIEDBALA, 1986

l. Lateral carinae of prodorsum long, extending beyond the sinus P. kugohi

Hoplophthiracarus JACOT, 1933

l. Notogastral setae hooked distally H. hamatus

............................................................................................................................. S. (R.) inflatus

........................................................................................................................... S. (R.) amoenus

Steganacarus (Steganacarus) NIEDBALA, 1986

Arphthicarus NIEDBALA. 1994

Austrophthiracarus BALOGH et MAHUNKA, 1978

Protophthiracarus BALOGH, 1972

I. Notogastral setae lanceolate P. prominens

Notophthiracarus RAMSA Y, 1966

Atropacarus (Hoplophorella) NIEDBALA, 1986

3.2. SPECIFICITY AND FREQUENCY OF THE FAUNA

3.3. THE FAUNA OF THE CONTINENT AND THE ISLANDS

The number of speeies oeeurring on Afriea mainland is 73 (67.6 % of all speeies

As far as the presence of different zoogeographical elements is concerned, particular

3.5. ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS AND SUBREGIONS

3.5.2. Ethiopian elements