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Now, If Controller Power Is Doubled, The Service Time Is Halved Consequently, RS 3 Ms

The document discusses I/O performance for different storage configurations. It provides examples calculating utilization, response time, queue size, and IOPS for a single disk and SCSI controller. It then calculates the number of disks needed to meet a workload requirement for RAID1 and RAID5 configurations.

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Hjk Lpp
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41 views4 pages

Now, If Controller Power Is Doubled, The Service Time Is Halved Consequently, RS 3 Ms

The document discusses I/O performance for different storage configurations. It provides examples calculating utilization, response time, queue size, and IOPS for a single disk and SCSI controller. It then calculates the number of disks needed to meet a workload requirement for RAID1 and RAID5 configurations.

Uploaded by

Hjk Lpp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PG 37

1. Consider a disk I/O system in which an I/O request arrives at a rate of 90


I/Os per second. The service time, RS, is 6 ms. Evaluate the utilization of I/O
controller (U), total response time (R), average queue size and total time
spent by a request in a queue.

SOLUTION

• Arrival rate (a) = 90 I/O/s; consequently, the arrival time

• Ra = 1/a = 1/90= 11ms

• RS = 6 ms (given)

• 1. Utilization (U) = RS / Ra = 6/ 11 = 0.545 or 54.50%

• 2. Response time (R) = RS /(1 – U) = 6/ (1 – 0.545) = 13.18681 ms

• 3. Average queue size = U2 / (1 – U) = (0.545)2 / (1 – 0.545) = 2.3956

• 4. Time spent by a request in a queue = U × R = 0.545 × 13.186 = 7.18637 ms

Now, if controller power is doubled, the service time is halved; consequently,

RS = 3 ms

• 1. Utilization (U) = RS / Ra = 3/ 11 = 0.2727 or 27.27%

• 2. Response time (R) = RS /(1 – U) = 3/ (1 – 0.2727) = 4.1248 ms

• 3. Average queue size = U2 / (1 – U) = (0.2727)2 / (1 – 0.2727) = 0.74989

• 4. Time spent by a request in a queue = U × R = 0.545 × 13.186 = 1.1248 ms


PG 46

2.Consider an example of a SCSI controller (SCSI interface) with a throughput of


256 MB/s and disk service time RS = 0.6 ms. Enumerate the IOPS for the block sizes
4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, and 64 KB .

SOLUTION

Maximum IOPS Performed by SCSI Controller

Block Size Transfer Time (ms) IOPS= 1/(Rs + Transfer time)

4 KB 4 KB / 256 MB = 0.0156 1 / (0.6 + 0.0156) = 1624

8 KB 8 KB / 256 MB = 0.03125 1 / (0.6 + 0.03125) = 1584

16 KB 16 KB / 256 MB = 0.0625 1 / (0.6 + 0.0625) = 1509

32 KB 32 KB / 256 MB = 0.125 1 / (0.6 + 0.125) = 1379

64 KB 64 KB / 256 MB = 0.250 1 / (0.6 + 0.250) =1176

As a result, the number of IOPS per controller depends on the I/O block size

and ranges from 1100 (for 64 KB) to 1,700 (for 4 KB).


PG 47

3. Consider an example with the following specifications provided for a disk:


Average seek time in a random I/O environment is 7.5 ms. The Disk rotation
speed is calculated as 25000rpm and 65 MB/s is the internal data transfer rate.
Evaluate the IOPS for block sizes 4 KB, 8 KB, 16 KB, 32 KB, and 64 KB.

SOLUTION

E = 7.5 ms

L= 0.5 / 25,000 rpm = 0.5 / 416.6 rps = 1.2 ms

X= Block size/Internal data transfer Rate

Maximum IOPS Performed by Disk Drive

Block Size Rs = E+L+X IOPS = 1/Rs

4 KB 7.5 ms + (0.5 / 25,000 rpm) + 114

4K / 65MB = 7.5 + 1.2 + 0.06= 8.76

8 KB 7.5 ms + (0.5 / 25,000 rpm) + 113

8K / 65MB = 7.5 + 1.2 + 0.12= 8.82

16 KB 7.5 ms + (0.5 / 25,000 rpm) + 111

16K / 65MB = 7.5 + 1.2 +0.24= 8.94

32 KB 7.5 ms + (0.5 / 25,000 rpm) + 108

32K / 65MB = 7.5 + 1.2 + 0.49= 9.19

64 KB 7.5 ms + (0.5 / 25,000 rpm) + 103

64K / 65MB = 7.5 + 1.2 + 0.98= 9.68


PG 67

4. Consider an application that generates 8400 IOPS, with 75 percent of them


being reads. If the application is run in HDD with a specification of a maximum
250 IOPS, the number of disks required to meet the workload for the RAID1 and
RAID5 configuration.

SOLUTION

The disk load in RAID 5 is calculated as follows:

RAID 5 disk load = 0.75× 8400 + {4 × (0.4 × 8400)}

[Note: the write penalty for RAID 5 is 4]

= 6300 + (4 × 3360)

= 6300+13440

= 19740 IOPS

The disk load in RAID 1 is calculated as follows:

RAID 1 disk load = 0.75× 8400+ 2 × (0.4 × 8400) [because every write manifests as two writes to the
disks]

= 0.75× 8400+ 2 × (0.4 × 8400)

= 6300 + 6720

= 13020 IOPS

Now, if the application is run in the HDD with a specification of a maximum 250 IOPS,

In RAID 5: 19740/ 250 = 80 disks

In RAID 1: 13020/ 250 = 52 disks

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