Early Life On Earth Worksheet-1

Name: Luis Gutierrez Early Life on Earth
Period: 3 Date: 4/14/2021 Take- home topic work
Please reference the Canvas page for this topic to see the PowerPoint and other content
coverage.
Part 1- Virtual Pangaea Lab

http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/ES11/ES11.html
READ all the background material and instructions on the given page. This is a FLASH
ANIMATION based virtual lab, for which you will possibly have to authorize the use of flashonyour
browser. After you complete the steps outlined in the lab- answer the questions below (they are the
ones from the “lab journal” on the website.
Lab Journal Questions- Answer below
1- Describe the process you used to reconstruct Pangaea.
In order to reconstruct Pangea, I looked at the legend and placed the continents together like puzzle pieces
matching similar areas with fossils together.
a. Did you use the legend?

Yes, I used the legend.
b. Which clues were the most useful?

The legend was most useful because it showed rocks, fossils, and evidence of Pangea that helped me place the
pieces correctly.
2- What types of geologic evidence support the existence of Pangaea?
Fossils, rock belts and structures, and glacial deposits support the existence of Pangea.
3- What type of geologic evidence provides the greatest support for the hypothesis that the Eastern
Coast of North America was once joined with the Western coast of Europe?
Rock structure provide the greatest support for the hypothesis that the Eastern Coast of North America was once
joined with the Western coast of Europe because parts of the Appalachian Mountains are similar to mountains in
Western Europe and Greenland.
4- How do you think Wegener’s background as a climatologist contributed to his hypothesis that the
continents were once joined?
Wegener’s background as a climatologist allowed him to make observations on glaciers and similar fossils being
in different continents that led to him hypothesizing about Pangea.
After viewing the PowerPoint or any of the other references on the Canvas page for this topic,
answer the questions below. Write your answer in the provided box for each question.
1. The bacterium shown in Figure 12.1 may have evolved intoa

mitochondrion after going through the process of
a. oxidation. c. colonization.
b. endosymbiosis. d. photosynthesis.
2. Scientists hypothesize that cyanobacteria changed the early

Earth by
a. adding oxygen to the atmosphere.
b. getting energy from organic molecules.
c. developing endosymbiotic relationships.
d. turning into eukaryotic cells.
3. The first organisms on Earth were most like today’s

a. eukaryotes. c. multicellular organisms.
b. bacteria. d. DNA molecules.
4. How long ago do scientists think the Earth was formed?

a. 1.5 billion years c. 4.6 billion years
b. 4.2 billion years d. 2 billion years
5. What do scientists estimate as the age of Earth?

a. 10 billion years old c. 100 million years old
b. 3.8 million years old d. 4.6 billion years old
6. The Miller-Urey experiment showed that, under certain conditions, organic

compounds could form from inorganic molecules. What is one consequence of
this experiment?
a. The experiment used the exact inorganic compounds present on Earth billions
of years ago and left little doubt about the mechanism of early life.
b. Scientists think that life could not have developed through natural chemical and
physical processes.
c. Scientists think it is possible that organic compounds formed from the
inorganic compounds present on Earth billions of years ago.
d. The experiment proved that methane and ammonia will always give rise to
organic molecules in any circumstance.
7. Which of the following organisms formed the oldest fossils?

a. hominids c. cyanobacteria
b. trilobites d. dinosaurs
8. Use the chart to answer the question.
According to most scientists, which

sequence would correctly represent the
order of biological evolution on Earth?
a. B > A > C c. B > C > A
b. C > A > B d. A > B > C
9. Which of these facts about mitochondria and chloroplasts constitute(s) support forthe
endosymbiotic theory?
a. Their ribosomes resemble the ribosomes of bacteria.
b. Like bacteria, they reproduce by mitosis.
c. Their DNA resembles bacterial RNA.
d. all of the above
10. The theory of endosymbiosis states that large prokaryotes took up smaller simple prokaryotes that
became
a. complex amino acids. c. the cellular nucleus.
b. mitochondria and chloroplasts. d. mitochondria and nuclei.
1. What is the approximate age of the oldest known fossils?

a. 1.8 million years c. 3.5 billion years
b. 4.6 billion years d. 3.8 million years
12. What proportion of all species that have ever lived has become extinct?
a. more than 99 percent c. 100 percent
b. less than 1 percent d. approximately one-half
13. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey were the first to demonstrate that
a. the earliest genetic material was RNA, rather than DNA.
b. Earth formed from a nebula approximately 4.6 billion years ago.
c. meteorites contain amino acids, many of which exist on Earth.
d. organic molecules can be formed from inorganic molecules.
14. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells arose from
a. communities formed by prokaryotes. c. multicellular prokaryotes.
b. communities formed by eukaryotes. d. individual prokaryotic cells.
15. American scientists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey usedan
apparatus similar to the one in the diagram below to simulate
how life could have formed on Earth. The apparatus
contained hydrogen gas, water vapor, ammonia, and methane.These
gases were subjected to a spark, to simulate lightning.
They found that organic molecules could form from the

inorganic gases. Their theory of how life began, however, di
not hold up under further testing. What crucial fact did they
not have when they conducted their experiment?
a. The chemicals used in the experiment were
contaminated.
b. Ammonia and methane were not in the early
atmosphere.
c. There was no lightning in Earth’s early
atmosphere.
d. Organic molecules already existed before the
atmosphere formed.
16. The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that

a. liposome membranes containing organic molecules preceded true cells.
b. energy from lightning might have helped create Earth's first organic molecules.
c. organic molecules first could have come to Earth on a meteorite.
d. iron-sulfide bubbles may have acted as the first cell membranes.
17. One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical
evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to
evolve?
a. origin of genetic material c. onset of photosynthesis
b. synthesis of organic molecules d. formation of the plasma membrane
18. The fossil evidence indicates that anaerobic prokaryotes were

a. a source of genetic variation. c. not capable of photosynthesis.
b. the first living organisms. d. always found in colonies.
19. One necessary condition for the evolution of the first life on Earth was
a. abundant oxygen in the atmosphere. c. the presence of liquid water.
b. the presence of DNA. d. the presence of photosynthetic organisms.
20. The Lerman bubble model proposes that

a. organic molecules were released into the air when the bubbles popped.
b. gases reacted within bubbles, producing organic molecules.
c. ammonia and methane gases were trapped in underwater bubbles.
d. All of the above
21. The "RNA world" theory of the origins of life proposes that on early Earth, genetic informationwas
stored and copied by
a. iron-sulfide bubbles. c. liposomes.
b. ribozymes. d. cyanobacteria.
2. After the process of endosymbiosis, shown in Figure 12., a
bacterium inside a single-celled organism may have evolved into a
a. nucleus. c. cell membrane.
b. mitochondrion. d. food vacuole.
23. The bubble model states that the key processes that formed the chemicals needed for life took
place within bubbles beneath the ocean’s surface. What important role did bubbles play according to
the bubble model?
a. They provided protection from the damaging ultraviolet radiation.
b. They kept the chemical products from ever entering Earth’s atmosphere.
c. They gave they activation energy needed for spontaneous chemical reactions.
d. They allowed the reactions to take place in the presence of oxygen.
24. What is Earth thought to have been like four billion years ago?
a. similar to present-day Earth but covered with glaciers
b. very hot, without continents, oceans, or atmosphere
c. tropical, with oceans and an oxygen atmosphere
d. a layered planet, with a well-developed atmosphere
25. Two models of the origin of life on Earth are the primordial soup model and the bubble model.
What do these two models of how life began on Earth have in common?
a. Both involve only chemical reactions that take place within the atmosphere.
b. Both explain how UV radiation produces ammonia and methane.
c. Both involve only chemical reactions that take place within the ocean.
d. Both include chemical reactions that take place when there is lightning.
26. Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Earth before the oceans formed?
a. an atmosphere containing oxygen gas c. volcanic activity
b. bombardment by comets and asteroids d. an atmosphere of poisonous gases
27. Miller and Urey’s experiments attempted to demonstrate

a. whether organic molecules could have formed before life was present.
b. how Earth first formed.
c. how the deepest part of Earth formed.
d. whether DNA or RNA evolved first.

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Name: Luis Gutierrez Early Life on Earth

Period: 3 Date: 4/14/2021 Take- home topic work

Part 1- Virtual Pangaea Lab

a. Did you use the legend?

b. Which clues were the most useful?

2- What types of geologic evidence support the existence of Pangaea?

1. The bacterium shown in Figure 12.1 may have evolved intoa

2. Scientists hypothesize that cyanobacteria changed the early

3. The first organisms on Earth were most like today’s

4. How long ago do scientists think the Earth was formed?

5. What do scientists estimate as the age of Earth?

6. The Miller-Urey experiment showed that, under certain conditions, organic

7. Which of the following organisms formed the oldest fossils?

According to most scientists, which

1. What is the approximate age of the oldest known fossils?

They found that organic molecules could form from the

16. The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that

18. The fossil evidence indicates that anaerobic prokaryotes were

20. The Lerman bubble model proposes that

27. Miller and Urey’s experiments attempted to demonstrate

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