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1.1.3 Evolution of Computer Arhitecture

The document discusses the evolution of computer architecture from early techniques like lookahead and pipelining to improve parallelism. It covers Flynn's classifications of computer architectures like SISD, SIMD, MIMD, and MISD. Parallel computers can be shared memory or message passing architectures. Vector processors use multiple vector pipelines concurrently. Computer architecture has developed in layers from hardware to applications.

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Vikram Shirol
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59 views12 pages

1.1.3 Evolution of Computer Arhitecture

The document discusses the evolution of computer architecture from early techniques like lookahead and pipelining to improve parallelism. It covers Flynn's classifications of computer architectures like SISD, SIMD, MIMD, and MISD. Parallel computers can be shared memory or message passing architectures. Vector processors use multiple vector pipelines concurrently. Computer architecture has developed in layers from hardware to applications.

Uploaded by

Vikram Shirol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Smt. Kamala & Sri. Venkappa M.

Agadi
College of Engineering & Technology Lakshmeshwar – 582116
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Subject: Advanced Computer Architecture - Sub Code: 17CS62


Topic: 1.1.3 Evolution of Computer Architecture

Mr. Vikram Shirol


Associate Professor
Dept of CSE
[email protected]

Website: http://www.agadiengcollege.com : http://facebook.com/sksvlxr


: https://twitter.com/SKSVMACET_LXR
Architectural
Evolution
Lookahead, Parallelism & Pipelining:

• Lookahead techniques were introduced to prefetch instructions in


order to overlap instruction fetch/decode and execution operations
and to enable functional parallelism.

• Pipelined instruction execution includes, pipelined arithmetic


computations, and memory-access operations.
Pipelining Example
Flynn’s Classification
1. Single Instruction Stream over a Single Data Stream (SISD)
2. Single Instruction Stream over a Multiple Data Stream (SIMD)
3. Multiple Instruction Stream over a Multiple Data Stream (MIMD)
4. Multiple Instruction Stream over a Single Data Stream (MISD)
Parallel / Vector Computer
Intrinsic parallel computers are those that execute programs in MIMD
mode.
There ate two major classes of parallel computers, namely, Shared
Memory Multi Processors & Message Passing Multi Processors.
The processors in a multiprocessor system communicate with each
other through shared variables in a common memory.
Each computer node in a multicomputer system has a local memory,
unshared with other nodes. lnterprocessor communication is done
through message passing among the nodes.
A vector processor is equipped with multiple vector pipelines that
can be concurrently used under hardware control.
There are two families of pipelined vector processors:
• Memory-to-Memory architecture supports the pipelined flow of
vector operands directly from the memory to pipelines and then back
to the memory.

• Register-to-Register architecture uses vector registers to interface


between the memory and functional pipelines.
Development Layer
• A layered development of parallel computers is illustrated in the
following Figure.
Hardware configurations differ from machine to machine, even those
of the same model.

The address space of a processor in a computer system varies among


different architectures, which depends on Memory organization.

Application programs and Programming environments are machine-


independent means the user programs can be ported to many
computers with minimum conversion costs.

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