Week 2.

3 – The Internet & Web

Zeeshan Rasool
▪ The Internet
▪ World Wide Web
▪ Web Pages, Web Sites and its types
▪ Web Browser
▪ How Internet works?
▪ What can you do online?
▪ Types of internet services
▪ What is Cloud and why use it?
▪ The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic
devices.
▪ With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with
anyone else in the world, and do much more.
▪ You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the Internet, which is also
called going online. When someone says a computer is online, it's just another way
of saying it's connected to the Internet.
▪ The World Wide Web—usually called the Web for short—is a collection of
different websites you can access through the Internet.
▪ The web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the
internet, to transmit data.
▪ The web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access Web
documents called webpages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks.
▪ It is a system of internet servers that support specially formatted documents.
▪ Documents are formatted in a markup language that supports links to other
documents.
▪ You can jump from one document to another simply by clicking on hot spots
(hyperlinks).
▪ Applications called web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web.
▪ There are more than a 1.7 billion websites i.e. 1,785,000,000 websites online.
▪ The web is just one of the ways that information can be disseminated over the
internet.
▪ The internet, not the web, is also used for:
▪ Email, which relies on SMTP,
▪ Usenet news groups,
▪ Instant messaging
▪ FTP
▪ P2P.

▪ So the web is just a portion of the Internet, albeit a large portion, but the two
terms are not synonymous and should not be confused.
▪ A Web page is made up of related text, images, and other resources.
▪ A website is made up of a web page or a collection of web pages.
▪ Websites can resemble other forms of media—like newspaper articles or television
programs—or they can be interactive in a way that's unique to computers.
▪ The purpose of a website can be almost anything:
▪ a news platform,
▪ an advertisement,
▪ an online library,
▪ a forum for sharing images,
▪ or an educational site like us!
▪ 1. eCommerce Website ▪ Nonprofit Website
▪ 2. Business Website ▪ 8. Educational Website
▪ 3. Entertainment Website ▪ 9. Infopreneur Website
▪ 4. Portfolio Website ▪ 10. Personal Website
▪ 5. Media Website ▪ 11. Web Portal
▪ 6. Brochure Website ▪ 12. Wiki or Community Forum Website
▪ Once you are connected to the Internet, you can access and view websites using a
type of software application called a web browser.
▪ For example:
▪ Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Microsoft Edge, Brave etc

▪ Just keep in mind that the web browser itself is not the Internet; it only displays
websites that are stored on the Internet.
▪ It renders complex markup code into viewable content.
▪ It's important to realize that the Internet is a global network of physical cables,
which can include copper telephone wires, TV cables, and fiber optic cables.
▪ Even wireless connections like Wi-Fi and 3G/4G rely on these physical cables to
access the Internet.
▪ When you visit a website, your computer sends a request over these wires to
a server.
▪ A server is a computer machine which is all time powered on and connected to internet
and that is where websites are stored, and it works a lot like your computer's hard drive.
▪ We call this computer machine a Server since it serves to the request of users (clients).

▪ Once the request arrives, the server retrieves the website and sends the correct
data back to your computer. What's amazing is that this all happens in just a few
seconds!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKA5hz3dV-g
• ...
▪ One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost
instantly with anyone in the world.
▪ Email is one of the oldest and most universal ways to communicate and share
information on the Internet, and billions of people use it.
▪ Social media allows people to connect in a variety of ways and build communities
online.
▪ There are many other things you can do on the Internet. There are thousands of
ways to keep up with news or shop for anything online.
▪ You can pay your bills,
▪ manage your bank accounts,
▪ meet new people,
▪ watch TV, or learn new skills.

▪ You can learn or do almost anything online.

▪ With billions of websites online today, there is a lot of information on the Internet.
▪ One particular type of website known as Search engines make this information
easier to find. All you have to do is type one or more keywords, and the search
engine will look for relevant websites.
▪ There are many different search engines you can use, but some of the most popular
include Google, Yahoo!, and Bing.
▪ For example, let's say you're looking for a new pair of shoes. You could use a search
engine to learn about different types of shoes, get directions to a nearby shoe store,
or even find out where to buy them online!
▪ Short for electronic mail, email is a way to send and receive messages across the
Internet.
▪ Almost everyone who uses the Internet has their own email account, usually called
an email address.
▪ This is because you'll need an email address to do just about anything online, from
online banking to creating a Facebook account.
▪ Most common email services are:
▪ Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo etc.
▪ Social networking websites are another way to connect and share with your family
and friends online.
▪ Rather than sharing with just a few people over email, social networks make it
easier to connect and share with many people at the same time.
▪ Facebook is the world's largest social networking site, with more than 1 billion users
worldwide.
▪ Other well known social networking websites are:
▪ Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, WhatsApp, Telegram, LinkedIn etc.

▪ Most of social networking websites serves different purposes and help us in various
domains of everyday life such as:
▪ Connectivity, Entertainment, Professional networking, Education, Business
▪ Chat and instant messaging (IM) are short messages sent and read in real time,
allowing you to converse more quickly and easily than email.
▪ These are generally used when both (or all) people are online, so your message can
be read immediately. By comparison, emails won't be seen until recipients check
their inboxes.
▪ Examples of instant messaging applications include
▪ Yahoo Messenger
▪ and Google Hangouts.

▪ Some sites, like Gmail and Facebook, even allow you to chat within your web
browser.
▪ There are many sites that allow you to watch videos and listen to music.
▪ For example, you can watch millions of videos on YouTube or listen to Internet radio
on Pandora.
▪ Other services, like Netflix and Hulu, allow you to watch movies and TV shows.
▪ You can also use the Internet to complete many everyday tasks and errands.
▪ For example, you can manage your bank account, pay your bills, and shop for just
about anything.
▪ The main advantage here is convenience. Rather than going from place to place,
you can do all of these tasks at home!
• …
▪ Once you've set up your computer, you may want to purchase home Internet
access so you can send and receive email, browse the Web, stream videos, and
more.
▪ You may even want to set up a home wireless network, commonly known as Wi-Fi,
so you can connect multiple devices to the Internet at the same time.
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Dial-up:
▪ This is generally the slowest type of Internet connection, and you should probably
avoid it unless it is the only service available in your area.
▪ Dial-up Internet uses your phone line, so unless you have multiple phone lines you
will not be able to use your landline and the Internet at the same time.
DSL:
▪ DSL service uses a broadband connection, which makes it much faster than dial-up.
▪ DSL connects to the Internet via a phone line but does not require you to have a
landline at home.
▪ And unlike dial-up, you'll be able to use the Internet and your phone line at the
same time.
Cable:
▪ Cable service connects to the Internet via cable TV, although you do not necessarily
need to have cable TV in order to get it.
▪ It uses a broadband connection and can be faster than both dial-up and DSL
service; however, it is only available where cable TV is available.
Satellite:
▪ A satellite connection uses broadband but does not require cable or phone lines; it
connects to the Internet through satellites orbiting the Earth.
▪ As a result, it can be used almost anywhere in the world, but the connection may be
affected by weather patterns.
▪ Satellite connections are also usually slower than DSL or cable.
3G and 4G:
▪ 3G and 4G service is most commonly used with mobile phones, and it connects
wirelessly through your ISP's network.
▪ However, these types of connections aren't always as fast as DSL or cable.
▪ They will also limit the amount of data you can use each month, which isn't the case
with most broadband plans.
▪ Once you have your computer, you really don't need much additional hardware to
connect to the Internet.
▪ The primary piece of hardware you need is a modem.
▪ The type of Internet access you choose will determine the type of modem you
need.
▪ Dial-up access uses a telephone modem, DSL service uses a DSL modem, cable
access uses a cable modem, and satellite service uses a satellite adapter.
▪ Your ISP may give you a modem—often for a fee—when you sign a contract, which
helps ensure that you have the right type of modem.
▪ However, if you would prefer to shop for a better or less expensive modem, you can
choose to buy one separately.
▪ A router is a hardware device that allows you to connect several computers and
other devices to a single Internet connection, which is known as a home network.
▪ Many routers are wireless, which allows you to create a home wireless network,
commonly known as a Wi-Fi network.

▪ You don't necessarily need to buy a router to connect to the Internet.

▪ It's possible to connect your computer directly to your modem using an Ethernet
cable.
▪ Also, many modems include a built-in router, so you have the option of creating a
Wi-Fi network without buying extra hardware.
▪ You may have heard people using terms like the cloud, cloud computing, or cloud
storage. But what exactly is the cloud?
▪ Simply put, the cloud is the Internet—more specifically, it's all of the things you can
access remotely over the Internet.
▪ When something is in the cloud, it means it's stored on Internet servers instead of
your computer's hard drive.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu4FYSFeWqg
▪ Some of the main reasons to use the cloud are convenience and reliability.
▪ For example, if you've ever used a web-based email service, such as Gmail or
Yahoo! Mail, you've already used the cloud.
▪ All of the emails in a web-based service are stored on servers rather than on your
computer's hard drive.
▪ This means you can access your email from any computer with an Internet
connection.
▪ It also means you'll be able to recover your emails if something happens to your
computer.
File storage:
▪ You can store all types of information in the cloud, including files and email. This
means you can access these things from any computer or mobile device with an
Internet connection, not just your home computer.
▪ Dropbox and Google Drive are some of the most popular cloud-based storage
services.
File sharing:
The cloud makes it easy to share files with several people at the same time.
▪ For example, you could upload several photos to a cloud-based photo service like
Flickr or iCloud Photos, then quickly share them with friends and family.
▪ Backing up data: You can also use the cloud to protect your files. Apps like Mozy
and Carbonite automatically back up your data to the cloud.
▪ This way, if your computer ever is lost, stolen, or damaged, you'll still be able to
recover these files from the cloud.