Drug Study On EPINEPHRINE

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 6

A Drug Study on

EPINEPHRINE

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

NCM 109 – RLE

Care of Mother, Child at Risk or With Problems

Submitted to:

Mr. Lendell Kelly B. Ytac, RN

Clinical Instructor

Submitted by:

Clint S. Ancog

BSN – 2A
Generic Name: epinephrine

Brand Name: Adrenalin

Drug Class: sympathomimetic agents

What is Epinephrine?

Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic catecholamine. The chemical name of


epinephrine is: 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, or (-)-3,4-
Dihydroxy-α-[2(methylamino)ethyl]benzyl alcohol. Epinephrine solution deteriorates
rapidly on exposure to air or light, turning pink from oxidation to adrenochrome and
brown from the formation of melanin.

Dose

 Anaphylaxis

Adults and Children 30 kg (66 lbs) or more

0.3 to 0.5 mg (0.3 to 0.5 mL) of undiluted Adrenalin administered


intramuscularly or subcutaneously in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, up
to a maximum of 0.5 mg (0.5 mL) per injection, repeated every 5 to 10
minutes as necessary. Monitor clinically for reaction severity and cardiac
effects.

Children less than 30 kg (66 lbs)

0.01 mg/kg (0.01 mL/kg) of undiluted Adrenalin administered intramuscularly


or subcutaneously in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, up to a maximum of
0.3 mg (0.3 mL) per injection, repeated every 5 to 10 minutes as necessary.
Monitor clinically for reaction severity and cardiac effects.
 Hypotension Associated with Septic Shock

Dilute 1 mL (1 mg) of epinephrine from its vial to 1,000 mL of a 5 percent


dextrose or 5 percent dextrose and sodium chloride solution to produce a 1
mcg per mL dilution. Administration in saline solution alone is not
recommended. If indicated, administer whole blood or plasma separately

Indications

 Anaphylaxis
 Acute asthma attack
 Bronchodilation
 Chronic simple glaucoma
 Hypersensitivity reaction
 Prolong local anesthetic effects
 Restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest

Contraindications

 Hypersensitivity to drug its components or sulfites


 Angle-closure glaucoma
 Cardiac dilatation, cardiac insufficiency
 Cerebral arteriosclerosis, organic brain syndrome
 Shock with use of general anesthetics and halogenated hydrocarbons or
cyclosporine
 MAO inhibitor use within past 14 days
 Labor
 Breastfeeding

Side Effects

 Anxiety
 Apprehensiveness
 Restlessness
 Tremor
 Weakness
 Dizziness
 Sweating
 Palpitations
 Pallor
 Nausea and Vomiting
 Headache
 Respiratory Difficulties

Adverse Side Effects

 Cardiovascular: angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, pallor, palpitations,


tachyarrhythmia, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, ventricular ectopy
and stress cardiomyopathy. Rapid rises in blood pressure associated with
epinephrine use have produced cerebral hemorrhage, particularly in elderly
patients with cardiovascular disease

 Neurological: disorientation, impaired memory, panic, psychomotor agitation,


sleepiness, tingling.

 Psychiatric: anxiety, apprehensiveness, restlessness.

 Patients with Parkinson's disease may experience psychomotor agitation or a


temporary worsening of symptoms.

 Diabetic patients may experience transient increases in blood sugar.

Drug Interaction

Antagonizing Pressor Effects of Epinephrine

 Vasodilators, such as nitrates


 Diuretics
 Antihypertensives
 Ergot alkaloids
 Phenothiazine antipsychotics

Potentiating Pressor Effects of Epinephrine

 Sympathomimetics
 β-blockers, such as propranolol
 Tricyclic anti-depressants
 Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
 Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors, such as entacapone
 Clonidine
 Doxapram
 Oxytocin

Nurse Responsibilities

1. Evaluate the drug's impact on the underlying issue (such as anaphylaxis or an


asthma attack), and repeat the dose as required.
2. Keep track of fluid intake and output, looking for signs of urinary retention or
reduced output.
3. Check for hemorrhage or skin necrosis at the injection site.
4. Instruct auto-injector patients how to properly use the syringe, when to
administer the medication, and when to repeat doses.
5. Instruct a patient who utilizes a hand-held nebulizer how to properly use the
device and the medication. Demonstrate the indications for the first and
subsequent doses.
6. Discuss the importance of timely assessment by a health care provider unless
the patient will self-administer the medication outside of the health care
environment to ensure that the underlying condition has been corrected.
7. Review any other serious and life-threatening adverse reactions and
interactions, particularly those related to the drugs and tests listed above, as
needed.
References

RxList. (2019). Adrenalin. Retrieved from: https://www.rxlist.com/adrenalin -drug.

htm#description

You might also like