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Chapter 9 Lab More Classes and Objects Lab Objectives

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62 views6 pages

Chapter 9 Lab More Classes and Objects Lab Objectives

Uploaded by

Akash Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 9 Lab

More Classes and Objects

Lab Objectives
 Use methods of the Character class and String class to process text
 Be able to use the String.split method and the StringBuilder class

Introduction
In this lab we ask the user to enter a time in military time (24 hours). The program will
convert and display the equivalent conventional time (12 hour with AM or PM) for each
entry if it is a valid military time. An error message will be printed to the console if the
entry is not a valid military time.

Think about how you would convert any military time 00:00 to 23:59 into conventional
time. Also think about what would be valid military times. To be a valid time, the data
must have a specific form. First, it should have exactly 5 characters. Next, only digits are
allowed in the first two and last two positions, and that a colon is always used in the
middle position. Next, we need to ensure that we never have over 23 hours or 59 minutes.
This will require us to separate the substrings containing the hours and minutes. When
converting from military time to conventional time, we only have to worry about times
that have hours greater than 12, and we do not need to do anything with the minutes at
all. To convert, we will need to subtract 12, and put it back together with the colon and
the minutes, and indicate that it is PM. Keep in mind that 00:00 in military time is 12:00
AM (midnight) and 12:00 in military time is 12:00 PM (noon).

We will need to use a variety of Character class and String class methods to
validate the data and separate it in order to process it. We will also use a Character
class method to allow the user to continue the program if desired.

The String class’s split method will allow us to process the tokens in a text file in
order to decode a secret message. We will use the first letter of every 5th token read in
from a file to reveal the secret message.

Task #1 Character and String Class Methods


1. Copy the files Time.java (Code Listing 9.1) and TimeDemo.java (Code Listing
9.2) from the StudentCD or as directed by your instructor.
2. In the Time.java file, add conditions to the decision structure which validates
the data. Conditions are needed that will:
a. Check the length of the String
b. Check the position of the colon
c. Check that all other characters are digits

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3. Add lines that will separate the String into two substrings containing hours and
minutes. Convert these substrings to integers and save them into the instance
variables.
4. In the TimeDemo class, add a condition to the loop that converts the user’s
answer to a capital letter prior to checking it.
5. Compile, debug, and run. Test out your program using the following valid input:
a. 00:00
b. 12:00
c. 04:05
d. 10:15
e. 23:59
f. 00:35
And the following invalid input:
a. 7:56
b. 15:78
c. 08:60
d. 24:00
e. 3e:33
f. 1:111

Task #2 String.split and the StringBuilder Class


1. Copy the file secret.txt (Code Listing 9.3) from the Student CD or as directed by
your instructor. This file is only one line long. It contains 2 sentences.
2. Write a main method that will read the file secret.txt, separate it into word
tokens.
3. You should process the tokens by taking the first letter of every fifth word,
starting with the first word in the file. Convert these letters to uppercase and
append them to a StringBuilder object to form a word which will be printed
to the console to display the secret message.

Code Listing 9.1 (Time.java)


/**
Represents time in hours and minutes using
the customary conventions.
*/

public class Time


{
private int hours; // Conventional hours
private int minutes; // Conventional minutes
private boolean afternoon; // Flag for afternoon

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/**
Constructs a cutomary time (12 hours, am or pm)
from a military time ##:##
@param militaryTime Time in the military
format ##:##
*/

public Time(String militaryTime)


{
// Check to make sure something was entered
if (militaryTime == null)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
// Check to make sure there are 5 characters
else if (// CONDITION TO CHECK LENGTH OF STRING)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
else
{
// Check to make sure the colon is in
// the correct spot
if (//CONDITION TO CHECK COLON POSITION)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
// Check to make sure all other characters
// are digits
else if (// CONDITION TO CHECK FOR DIGIT)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}

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else if (// CONDITION TO CHECK FOR DIGIT)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
else if (//CONDITION TO CHECK FOR DIGIT)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
else if (//CONDITION TO CHECK FOR DIGIT)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
else
{
// SEPARATE THE STRING INTO THE HOURS
// AND THE MINUTES, CONVERTING THEM TO
// INTEGERS AND STORING INTO THE
// INSTANCE VARIABLES

// Validate hours and minutes are valid values


if(hours > 23)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
else if(minutes > 59)
{
System.out.println(militaryTime +
" is not a " +
"valid miliary time." );
}
// Convert military time to conventional time
// for afternoon times
else if (hours > 12)
{
hours = hours - 12;
afternoon = true;
System.out.println(this.toString());
}

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// Account for midnight
else if (hours == 0)
{
hours = 12;
System.out.println(this.toString());
}
// Account for noon
else if (hours == 12)
{
afternoon = true;
System.out.println(this.toString());
}
// Morning times do not need converting
else
{
System.out.println(this.toString());
}
}
}
}

/**
The toString method returns a conventional time.
@return A conventional time with am or pm.
*/

public String toString()


{
String am_pm;
String zero = "";

if (afternoon)
am_pm = "PM";
else
am_pm = "AM";
if (minutes < 10)
zero = "0";

return hours + ":" + zero + minutes + " " + am_pm;


}
}

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ


Code Listing 9.2 (TimeDemo.java)
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
This program demonstrates the Time class.
*/

public class TimeDemo


{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
char answer = 'Y';
String enteredTime;
String response;

while (//CHECK ANSWER AFTER CONVERTING TO CAPITAL)


{
System.out.print("Enter a military time " +
"using the ##:## format: ");
enteredTime = keyboard.nextLine();
Time now = new Time (enteredTime);
System.out.println("Do you want to enter " +
"another (Y/N)? ");
response = keyboard.nextLine();
answer = response.charAt(0);
}
}
}

Code Listing 9.3 (secret.txt)


January is the first month and December is the last.
Violet is a purple color as are lilac and plum.

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

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