CEL 2103 WRITING ACADEMIC TEXTS

SEMESTER 2, 2020/2021

CLASS MATERIAL WEEK 8

Paraphrase

The inclusion of ideas and information from credible sources is crucial in strengthening your own
arguments. In order to avoid being accused of plagiarising other people's works, it is necessary
for you to rephrase the ideas or information from an original source in your own words. This is
known as paraphrasing.

Activity 1
List down the criteria of an effective paraphrase.

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Paraphrasing Strategy 1: Synonym

Activity 2
Replace the underlined words with their appropriate synonyms.

1. More than half of the women who went to the one-day meeting were in business with their
husbands.

Paraphrase:
The single day _______________ was attended by women whose _______________ of
them were in business with their husbands.

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2. It is the sole responsibility of the parents in teaching their children on how to be a good
member of society.

Paraphrase:
The parents bear the main _______________ in _______________ their children in
becoming a functional member of the community.

3. The money needed to fight climate change will depend on the federal government’s financial
plans.

Paraphrase:
The federal government’s _______________ will determine whether the effort to
_______________ climate change would receive any _______________.

4. With the introduction of flash memory cards, the market for portable music players increased
sharply.

Paraphrased:
The _______________ of portable music player _______________ _______________ with
the _______________ of flash memory card.

5. An engineer judges how much dynamite to use according to the volume of material to be
removed from the tunnel.

Paraphrase:
The _______________ of material to be _______________ from the tunnel help an
engineer to _______________ on the amount of explosive needed.

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6. The ability to measure and monitor the dramatic changes during explosions could help
scientists understand and even control them.

Paraphrase:
Scientists would be able to _______________ and _______________ an explosion if they
are able to _______________ and _______________ spectacular changes that occur in the
explosion.

Paraphrasing Strategy 2: Changing Active to Passive Voice

Activity 3
Change the voice in the sentences below from active to passive and write the answer in the
space provided.

1. Every year, thousands of tourists visit Niagara Falls.

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.

2. Technological advances have replaced people in the workforce.

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.

3. Hydrocarbons cause one type of air pollution.

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.

4. F.L. Olmsted and Calbert Vaux designed New York City's Central Park in 1857.

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5. A janitor who was allergic to dust invented the first commercially successful portable vacuum
cleaner.

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 _________________________________________________________________________
.

6. King Francis I of France purchased the Mona Lisa after Leonardo da Vinci's death.

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.

7. British author George Orwell wrote the allegorical novel Animal Farm during World War II.

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.

Paraphrasing Strategy 3: Changing the Word Form

Activity 4
Change the word class of the underlined words and complete the paraphrases below. Label the
new word class.

1. Although people are experiencing less crime, violent (adjective) offences involving knives
and firearms, are on the rise.
Paraphrase:
Criminal acts carried out _______________ (__________) with the use of weapons are
increasing even though the number of crimes in general is decreasing.

2. A recommended dosage of fibre intake is between 20-38 grams daily, and a cup of brewed
coffee contributes (verb) up to 1.8 grams.
Paraphrase:
A cup of brewed coffee represents a _______________ (__________) of up to 1.8 grams of
fibre of the recommended daily intake of 20-38 grams.
3. A research by Harvard’s Dr. Frank Hu showed that the chance of getting type II diabetes
lowers by 9% for each daily cup of coffee consumed (verb).

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 Paraphrase:
Harvard’s Dr. Frank Hu research has shown that daily _______________ (__________) of
coffee decreases the risk of getting type II diabetes by 9%.

4. The trade and the prosperity of Kwei-chow were most devastated (verb) by the effects of the
civil wars.
Paraphrase:
The _______________ (__________) effects of the civil wars were most disastrous to the
trade and the prosperity of Kwei-chow.

5. Game developers wanted to pay attention to the game environment and have done two
things that innovate (verb) the first-person shooter genre.
Paraphrase:
The _______________ (__________) of the first-person shooter genre entails from the
game developers’ initiative to focus on the game’s setting.

6. Local manufacturers are quite able to compete (verb) in the international markets with
foreign opponents.
Paraphrase:
_______________ (__________) with foreign rivals on the global market is within the
capability of local manufacturers.

Activity 5
Decide if the paraphrases below are acceptable. Justify your answer.

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Original Passage 1
We do not yet understand all the ways in which brain chemicals are related to emotions and
thoughts, but the salient point is that our state of mind has an immediate and direct effect on our
state of body.

(Source: Siegel, B. (1986). Love, Medicine and Miracles (p. 69). New York: Harper and Row.)

Paraphrase 1
Siegel (1986) writes that although the relationship between brain chemistry and thoughts and
feelings is not fully understood, we do know that our psychological state affects our physical
state.
Acceptable / Not Acceptable
Reason:

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Paraphrase 2
Siegel (1986) writes that the relationship between the chemicals in the brain and our thoughts
and feelings remains only partially understood. He goes on to say, however, that one thing is
clear: our mental state affects our bodily state.

Acceptable / Not Acceptable

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Paraphrase 3

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Siegel (1986) writes that we still do not know all the ways in which brain chemistry is related to
emotions and thoughts, but the important point is that our mental state has an immediate and
direct effect on our physical state.

Acceptable / Not Acceptable

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Paraphrase 4
According to Siegel (1986), our mind affects our body quickly and directly, although we do not
yet understand every aspect of how brain chemicals relate to emotions and thoughts.

Acceptable / Not Acceptable

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Activity 6

Paraphrase the following excerpt and include an in-text-citation.

Title Dark Chocolate

Date Nil

URL https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/dark-chocolate/

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 Original Cocoa is rich in plant chemicals called flavanols that may help to protect
excerpt the heart. Dark chocolate contains up to 2-3 times more flavanol-rich cocoa
solids than milk chocolate. Flavanols in chocolate can increase insulin
sensitivity and this could reduce risk of diabetes.

Paraphrase:

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Title
Mental Health Problems and Help-Seeking Behavior Among College
Students

Date 2009

Authors Justin Hunt and Daniel Eisenberg

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 Original Although mental health clearly varies across certain demographic and
excerpt social factors, little is known about how it varies with respect to factors more
specific to the college setting, such as academic workload and competition.
Some studies show that students’ personality traits are important factors
that determine the amount of psychological distress as a result of their
college studies.

Paraphrase:

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Title
Certain new plant breeding techniques and their marketability in the context
of EU GMO legislation – recent developments

Date 2019

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 Authors
Tomasz Zimnya, Sławomir Sowab, Agata Tyczewskac and Tomasz
Twardowskic

Original US law represents policies that focus on the safety of the final food product,
excerpt while the EU considers the genetic engineering process used to make the
GM food to be the standard for regulating a product. Despite the fact that no
significant hazards have been directly connected to GM foods, EU officials
choose to be cautious and require a high burden of proof for product safety.

Paraphrase:

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