Python Data Types

Variables can hold values, and every value has a data-type. Python is a
dynamically typed language; hence we do not need to define the type of
the variable while declaring it. The interpreter implicitly binds the value
with its type.
a=5
The variable a holds integer value five and we did not define its type. Python
interpreter will automatically interpret variables a as an integer type.
Python enables us to check the type of the variable used in the program.
Python provides us the type() function, which returns the type of the variable
passed.
Consider the following example to define the values of different data types
and checking its type.
a=10
b="Hi Python"
c = 10.5
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
Output:
<type 'int'>
<type 'str'>
<type 'float'>
Standard data types
A variable can hold different types of values. For example, a person's name
must be stored as a string whereas its id must be stored as an integer.
Python provides various standard data types that define the storage method
on each of them. The data types defined in Python are given below.
• Numbers
• Sequence Type
• Boolean
• Set
• Dictionary
Numbers
Number stores numeric values. The integer, float, and complex values
belong to a Python Numbers data-type. Python provides the type() function
to know the data-type of the variable. Similarly, the isinstance() function is
used to check an object belongs to a particular class.
Python creates Number objects when a number is assigned to a variable.
For example;
a=5
print("The type of a", type(a))

b = 40.5
print("The type of b", type(b))

c = 1+3j
print("The type of c", type(c))
print(" c is a complex number", isinstance(1+3j,complex))
Output:
The type of a <class 'int'>
The type of b <class 'float'>
The type of c <class 'complex'>
c is complex number: True
Python supports three types of numeric data.
Int - Integer value can be any length such as integers 10, 2, 29, -20, -150
etc. Python has no restriction on the length of an integer. Its value belongs
to int
Float - Float is used to store floating-point numbers like 1.9, 9.902, 15.2,
etc. It is accurate upto 15 decimal points.
complex - A complex number contains an ordered pair, i.e., x + iy where x
and y denote the real and imaginary parts, respectively. The complex
numbers like 2.14j, 2.0 + 2.3j, etc.
Sequence Type
String
The string can be defined as the sequence of characters represented in the
quotation marks. In Python, we can use single, double, or triple quotes to
define a string.
String handling in Python is a straightforward task since Python provides
built-in functions and operators to perform operations in the string.
In the case of string handling, the operator + is used to concatenate two
strings as the operation "hello"+" python" returns "hello python".
The operator * is known as a repetition operator as the operation "Python"
*2 returns 'Python Python'.
The following example illustrates the string in Python.
Example - 1
str = "string using double quotes"
print(str)
s = '''''A multiline
string'''
print(s)
Output:
string using double quotes
A multiline
string
Consider the following example of string handling.
Example - 2
str1 = 'hello javatpoint' #string str1
str2 = ' how are you' #string str2
print (str1[0:2]) #printing first two character using slice operator
print (str1[4]) #printing 4th character of the string
print (str1*2) #printing the string twice
print (str1 + str2) #printing the concatenation of str1 and str2
Output:
he
o
hello javatpointhello javatpoint
hello javatpoint how are you
List
Python Lists are similar to arrays in C. However, the list can contain data of
different types. The items stored in the list are separated with a comma (,)
and enclosed within square brackets [].
We can use slice [:] operators to access the data of the list. The
concatenation operator (+) and repetition operator (*) works with the list in
the same way as they were working with the strings.
Consider the following example.
list1 = [1, "hi", "Python", 2]
#Checking type of given list
print(type(list1))
#Printing the list1
print (list1)
# List slicing
print (list1[3:])
# List slicing
print (list1[0:2])
# List Concatenation using + operator
print (list1 + list1)
# List repetation using * operator
print (list1 * 3)
Output:
[1, 'hi', 'Python', 2]
[2]
[1, 'hi']
[1, 'hi', 'Python', 2, 1, 'hi', 'Python', 2]
[1, 'hi', 'Python', 2, 1, 'hi', 'Python', 2, 1, 'hi', 'Python', 2]
Tuple
A tuple is similar to the list in many ways. Like lists, tuples also contain the
collection of the items of different data types. The items of the tuple are
separated with a comma (,) and enclosed in parentheses ().
A tuple is a read-only data structure as we can't modify the size and value of
the items of a tuple.
Let's see a simple example of the tuple.
tup = ("hi", "Python", 2)
# Checking type of tup
print (type(tup))
#Printing the tuple
print (tup)
# Tuple slicing
print (tup[1:])
print (tup[0:1])
# Tuple concatenation using + operator
print (tup + tup)
# Tuple repatation using * operator
print (tup * 3)
# Adding value to tup. It will throw an error.
t[2] = "hi"
Output:
<class 'tuple'>
('hi', 'Python', 2)
('Python', 2)
('hi',)
('hi', 'Python', 2, 'hi', 'Python', 2)
('hi', 'Python', 2, 'hi', 'Python', 2, 'hi', 'Python', 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "main.py", line 14, in <module>
t[2] = "hi";
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
Dictionary
Dictionary is an unordered set of a key-value pair of items. It is like an
associative array or a hash table where each key stores a specific value.
Key can hold any primitive data type, whereas value is an arbitrary Python
object.
The items in the dictionary are separated with the comma (,) and enclosed
in the curly braces {}.
Consider the following example.
d = {1:'Jimmy', 2:'Alex', 3:'john', 4:'mike'}
# Printing dictionary
print (d)
# Accesing value using keys
print("1st name is "+d[1])
print("2nd name is "+ d[4])
print (d.keys())
print (d.values())
Output:
1st name is Jimmy
2nd name is mike
{1: 'Jimmy', 2: 'Alex', 3: 'john', 4: 'mike'}
dict_keys([1, 2, 3, 4])
dict_values(['Jimmy', 'Alex', 'john', 'mike'])
Boolean
Boolean type provides two built-in values, True and False. These values are
used to determine the given statement true or false. It denotes by the class
bool. True can be represented by any non-zero value or 'T' whereas false
can be represented by the 0 or 'F'. Consider the following example.
# Python program to check the boolean type
print(type(True))
print(type(False))
print(false)
Output:
<class 'bool'>
<class 'bool'>
NameError: name 'false' is not defined
Set
Python Set is the unordered collection of the data type. It is iterable,
mutable(can modify after creation), and has unique elements. In set, the
order of the elements is undefined; it may return the changed sequence of
the element. The set is created by using a built-in function set(), or a
sequence of elements is passed in the curly braces and separated by the
comma. It can contain various types of values. Consider the following
example.
# Creating Empty set
set1 = set()
set2 = {'James', 2, 3,'Python'}
#Printing Set value
print(set2)
# Adding element to the set
set2.add(10)
print(set2)
#Removing element from the set
set2.remove(2)
print(set2)
Output:
{3, 'Python', 'James', 2}
{'Python', 'James', 3, 2, 10}
{'Python', 'James', 3, 10}