Designation: A234/A234M − 15 Used in USDOE-NE Standards

Standard Specification for

Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
Moderate and High Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A234/A234M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

2
1.1 This specification covers wrought carbon steel and 2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered Specification A960/A960M, the following list of standards
by the latest revision of ASME B16.9, B16.11, MSS-SP-79, apply to this specification.
MSS-SP-83, MSS-SP-95, and MSS-SP-97. These fittings are 2.2 ASTM Standards:3
for use in pressure piping and in pressure vessel fabrication for A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-
service at moderate and elevated temperatures. Fittings differ- able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
ing from these ASME and MSS standards shall be furnished in A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic
accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specifi- Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
cation A960/A960M. able for High-Temperature Service
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for A960/A960M Specification for Common Requirements for
fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. When Wrought Steel Piping Fittings
desired, one or more of these supplementary requirements may 2.3 ASME Standards:4
be specified in the order. B16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings
1.3 This specification does not cover cast welding fittings or B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded
fittings machined from castings. Cast steel welding fittings are 2.4 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:4
governed by Specifications A216/A216M and A217/A217M. Section V
Section VIII, Division 1
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units Section IX
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the 2.5 MSS Standards:5
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- MSS-SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. Flanges, and Unions
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units MSS-SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the MSS-SP-83 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each Threaded
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system MSS-SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values MSS-SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the Fittings—Socket Welding, Threaded and Buttwelding
standard. Ends

3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting the ASTM website.
4
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originally International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A234/A234M–14. www.asme.org.
5
DOI: 10.1520/A0234_A0234M-15. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
cation SA-234 in Section II of that Code. hq.com.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A234/A234M − 15
2.6 ASNT Standard:6 or magnetic particle in accordance with S52 or S53 in
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Specification A960/A960M.
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification 6.3 All welds including welds in tubular products from
2.7 AWS Specifications7 which fittings are made shall be (1) made by welders, welding
A5.5/A5.5M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes operators, and welding procedures qualified under the provi-
for Shielded Metal Arc Welding sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with
A5.23/A5.23M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec- Section 7 of this specification, and (3) radiographically exam-
trodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding ined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance
A5.28/A5.28M Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Elec- with Article 2, ASME Section V with acceptance limits in
trodes for Gas Shielded Arc Welding accordance with Paragraph UW-51 of ASME Section VIII,
A5.29/A5.29M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Division 1 of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. In
Arc Welding place of radiographic examination, welds may be ultrasonically
3. Ordering Information examined in accordance with Appendix 12 of Section VIII. The
NDE of welds in Grades WPB, WPC, WP1, WP11 Class 1,
3.1 See Specification A960/A960M. WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class 2,
and WPR may be performed either prior to or after forming.
4. General Requirements
NDE of welds in Grades WP5, WP9, WP91, WP911, WP92,
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to WP22 Class 1, WP22 Class 3, and WP24 shall be done after
the requirements of Specification A960/A960M, including any forming.
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase 6.3.1 All welds in WP91 shall be made with one of the
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification following welding processes and consumables: SMAW, A5.5/
A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi- A5.5M E90XX-B9; SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + flux; GTAW,
cation. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; and FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91T1-
specification and Specification A960/A960M, this specification B9. In addition, the Ni+Mn content of all welding consumables
shall prevail. used to fabricate WP91 fittings shall not exceed 1.0 %.
6.3.2 All welds in WP92 and WP911 shall be made using
5. Materials welding consumables meeting the chemical requirements for
5.1 The starting material for fittings shall be fully killed the grade in Table 1.
steel, consisting of forgings, bars, plates, sheet, and seamless or 6.4 Personnel performing NDE examinations shall be quali-
fusion-welded tubular products with filler metal added and fied in accordance with SNT-TC-1A.
shall conform to the chemical requirements of Table 1. Unless
otherwise specified for carbon steel plates and sheet, the steel 6.5 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in
may be made to either coarse grain or fine grain practice. Grade accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of
WP9 shall be made to fine grain practice. ASME Section VIII, Division 1.
5.2 A starting material specification that specifically re- 6.6 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth-
quires the addition of any element beyond those listed for the od(s) shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined
materials in Table 1 for the applicable grade of material is not by one of the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement
permitted. This does not preclude the use of deoxidizers or the S52 or S53 in Specification A960/A960M. This examination
judicious use of elements for grain size control. shall be performed after final heat treat. Only the side wall area
of the tees need be examined. This area is defined by a circle
6. Manufacture that covers the area from the weld bevel of the branch outlet to
6.1 Forging or shaping operations may be performed by the center line of the body or run. Internal and external surfaces
hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, rolling, shall be examined when size permits accessibility. No cracks
bending, fusion welding, machining, or by a combination of shall be permitted. Other imperfections shall be treated in
two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall accordance with Section 14 on Surface Quality. After the
be so applied that it will not produce injurious imperfections in removal of any crack, the tee(s) shall be re-examined by the
the fittings. original method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with the
symbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance.
6.2 Fittings NPS-4 and under may be machined from
hot-forged or rolled, cold-sized, and straightened bar stock 6.7 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added by
having the chemical composition of the Grade in Table 1 and the welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloy
the mechanical properties of the Grade in Table 2. Heat grade and composition, to the outside of a straight section of
treatment shall be in accordance with Section 7. All caps pipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetration
machined from bar stock shall be examined by liquid penetrant joint, satisfies the requirements of 6.3 for qualifications and
7.3.4 for post weld heat treatment.
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6
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 7. Heat Treatment
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
7
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., 7.1 Heat Treatment Procedures—Fittings, after forming at
Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org. an elevated temperature, shall be cooled to a temperature

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 A234/A234M − 15
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE 1—All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
NOTE 2—Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
Grade and Composition, %
Marking Phospho-
SymbolA Carbon Manganese Sulfur Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Nickel Copper Others
rus
WPBB,C,D,E, 0.30 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08
WPCC,D,E, 0.35 0.29–1.06 0.050 0.058 0.10 min 0.40 0.15 max 0.40 0.40 Vanadium 0.08
WP1 0.28 0.30–0.90 0.045 0.045 0.10–0.50 ... 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP12 CL1, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.045 0.045 0.60 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP12 CL2 ...
WP11 CL1 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP11 CL2, 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.040 0.50–1.00 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...
WP11 CL3 ...
WP22 CL1, 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 1.90–2.60 0.87–1.13 ... ... ...
WP22 CL3 ...
WP24 0.05–0.10 0.30–0.70 0.020 0.010 0.15–0.45 2.20–2.60 0.90–1.10 ... 0.75–1.25 Aluminum 0.020
Boron 0.0015–0.0070
Nitrogen 0.12
Titanium 0.06–0.10
Vanadium 0.20–0.30
WP5 CL1, 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.030 0.50 4.0–6.0 0.44–0.65 ... ... ...

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WP5 CL3 ...
WP9 CL1, 0.15 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 1.00 8.0–10.0 0.90–1.10 ... ... ...
WP9 CL3
WPR 0.20 0.40–1.06 0.045 0.050 ... ... ... 1.60–2.24 0.75–1.25 ...
WP91 0.08–0.12 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.50 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05 0.40 ... Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Columbium 0.06–0.10
Nitrogen 0.03–0.07
Aluminum 0.02F
Titanium 0.01F
Zirconium 0.01F
WP911 0.09–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.10–0.50 8.5–9.5 0.90–1.10 0.40 ... Vanadium 0.18–0.25
Columbium 0.060–0.10
Nitrogen 0.04–0.09
Aluminum 0.02 maxF
Boron 0.0003–0.006
Tungsten 0.90–1.10
Titanium 0.01 maxF
Zirconium 0.01 maxF
WP92 0.07–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.50 8.50–9.50 0.30–0.60 0.40 ... Aluminum 0.02F
Boron 0.001–0.006
Columbium 0.04–0.09
Nitrogen 0.030–0.070
Titanium 0.01F
Tungsten 1.50–2.00
Vanadium 0.15–0.25
Zirconium 0.01F
A
When fittings are of welded construction, the grade and marking symbol shown above shall be supplemented by letter “W”.
B
Fittings made from bar or plate may have 0.35 max carbon.
C
Fittings made from forgings may have 0.35 max carbon and 0.35 max silicon with no minimum.
D
For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum
of 1.65 %.
E
The sum of Copper, Nickel, Chromium, and Molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %.
F
Applies both to heat and product analyses.

below the critical range under suitable conditions to prevent 7.2.2 Hot-formed or forged WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings
injurious defects caused by too rapid cooling, but in no case finished at temperature in excess of 1800 °F [980 °C] shall
more rapidly than the cooling rate in still air. Heat treatment subsequently be annealed, normalized, or normalized and
temperatures specified are metal (part) temperatures. Heat- tempered. Hot-forged fittings NPS 4 or smaller need not be
treated fittings shall be treated according to paragraph 7 in heat treated.
Specification A960/A960M. 7.2.3 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings over NPS 12, produced
7.2 WPB, WPC, and WPR Fittings: by locally heating a portion of the fitting stock to any
7.2.1 Hot-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings upon temperature for forming, shall be subsequently annealed,
which the final forming operation is completed at a temperature normalized, or normalized and tempered. Fittings such as
above 1150 °F [620 °C] and below 1800 °F [980 °C] need not elbows, tees, header tees, reducers and lap joint stub ends with
be heat treated provided they are cooled in still air.

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 TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
NOTE 1—Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
WPC, WP11 CL1, WP11 CL3,
WP11 CL2, WP22 CL1, WP22 CL3 WP92

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Grade and Marking Symbol WPB WP1 WPR WP24 WP91 WP12 CL1
WP12 CL2 WP5 CL1 WP5 CL3 WP911
WP9 CL1 WP9 CL3
Tensile strength, minimum unless 60 [415] 70 [485] 55–80 60 [415] 63–88 75 [520] 85 [585] 90 [620] 90–120 60 [415]
a range is given ksi [MPa] [380–550] [435–605] [620–840]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 35 [240] 40 [275] 30 [205] 30 [205] 46 [315] 45 [310] 60 [415] 60 [415] 64 [440] 32 [220]

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Elongation Requirements
Grades
WP91
All Grades except WPR,
WPR and WP24 WP92
WP91, and WP911
WP911
Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans-
tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse
Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or small proportional specimen, min % in 4 D 22 14 20 ... 20 13
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm] and over, 30 20A 28 ... ... ...
and for all small sizes tested in full section; min % in 2 in. [50 mm]
B B B
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness less than 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm]; ... ... ...
min % in 2 in. [50 mm] (1⁄2-in. [12.7-mm] wide specimen)
A
WPB and WPC fittings manufactured from plate shall have a minimum elongation of 17 %.
B
For each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.94 mm], a deduction of 1.5 % for longitudinal and 1.0 % for transverse from the values shown above is permitted. The following table gives the
minimum value for various wall thicknesses.

Grades
Wall Thickness WP91, WP92, and
All Grades except WPR, WP91 and WP911 WPR
WP911
in. [mm] Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Longitudinal
A234/A234M − 15

5 16
⁄ (0.312) 7.94 30.0 20.0 28.0 20
9 32
⁄ (0.281) 7.14 28.5 19.0 26.5 19
14⁄ (0.250) 6.35 27.0 18.0 25.0 18
7 32
⁄ (0.219) 5.56 25.5 ... 23.5 17

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3⁄16 (0.188) 4.76 24.0 ... 22.0 16
5⁄32 (0.156) 3.97 22.5 ... 20.5 15
1⁄ 8 (0.125) 3.17 21.0 ... 19.0 14
3⁄32 (0.094) 2.38 19.5 ... 17.5 13
1⁄16 (0.062) 1.59 18.0 ... 16.0 12

Note—This table gives the computed minimum % elongation value for each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two values above, the minimum elongation value is

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determined by the following equations:

Direction of Test Equation

Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00

Transverse E = 32t + 10.00

where:
E = elongation in 2 in. or [50 mm], %, and
t = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].

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 A234/A234M − 15
a carbon content less than 0.26 %, NPS 12 and under, shall not drawing or cold rolling are not acceptable for use in the
require heat treatment after forming a locally heated portion of manufacture of these fittings unless the bars have been either
the fitting. stress relieved in the temperature range of 1100 to 1250 °F
7.2.4 Cold-formed WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings, upon [595 to 675 °C], normalized, normalized and tempered, or fully
which the final forming operation is completed at a temperature annealed. Mechanical testing must be performed subsequent to
below 1150 °F [620 °C], shall be normalized, or shall be stress the final heat-treating operation.
relieved at 1100 to 1275 °F [595 to 690 °C]. 7.5 Liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be per-
7.2.5 WPB, WPC, and WPR fittings produced by fusion mitted for all grades when approved by the purchaser. Mini-
welding and having a nominal wall thickness at the welded mum tempering temperature shall be 1100 °F [595 °C] for
joint of 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] or greater shall be post-weld heat treated WPB, WPC, and WPR, 1150 °F [620 °C] for Grades WP1,
at 1100 to 1250 °F [595 to 675 °C], or in accordance with 7.2.6. WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP 12 Class 1, and WP12 Class
7.2.6 At the option of the manufacturer, WPB and WPC 2 and 1250 °F [675 °C] for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22 Class 1,
fittings produced by any of the methods in Section 6 may be and 1350 °F [730 °C] for Grade WP91 and WP911. The
annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. tempering temperature range for WP24 shall be as in 7.3.3.
7.3 Fittings Other than WPB, WPC, and WPR: 7.5.1 Liquid quenching followed by tempering for grades
7.3.1 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3 and WP22 Class 3 shall be permitted at the
WP11 Class 3, WP12 Class 1, WP12 Class 2, WP22 Class 1, manufacturer’s option unless otherwise provided in the pur-
WP22 Class 3, WP5, and WP9 shall be furnished in the chase order. The minimum tempering temperature for WP11
full-annealed, isothermal-annealed, or normalized and tem- Class 3 shall be 1150 °F [620 °C] and for WP22 Class 3 shall
pered condition. If normalized and tempered, the tempering be 1250 °F [675 °C].
temperature for WP11 Class 1, WP11 Class 2, WP11 Class 3,
WP12 Class 1, and WP12 Class 2 shall not be less than 1150 8. Chemical Composition
°F [620 °C]; for Grades WP5, WP9, WP22 Class 1, and WP22 8.1 The chemical composition of each cast or heat used
Class 3 the tempering temperature shall not be less than 1250 shall be determined and shall conform to the requirements of
°F [675 °C]. the chemical composition for the respective materials listed in
7.3.2 Fittings of Grades WP1, WP12 Class 1, or WP12 Table 1. The ranges as shown have been expanded to include
Class 2 either hot formed or cold formed may be given a final variations of the chemical analysis requirements that are listed
heat treatment at 1200 °F [650 °C] instead of the heat treatment in the various specifications for the starting materials (pipe,
specified in 7.3.1. tube, plate, bar, and forgings) normally used in the manufac-
7.3.3 Fittings of WP24 either hot formed or cold formed turing of fittings to this specification.
shall be furnished in the normalized and tempered condition.
The normalizing temperature range shall be 1800 to 1975 °F 8.2 The steel shall not contain any unspecified elements for
[980 to 1080 °C]. The tempering temperature range shall be the ordered grade to the extent that it conforms to the
1350 to 1470 °F [730 to 800 °C]. requirements of another grade for which that element is a
7.3.4 Fittings in all thicknesses produced by fusion welding specified element having a required minimum content.
after the heat treatment specified in 7.3.1 shall be post-weld 8.3 Weld metal used in the construction of carbon-steel
heat treated at a temperature not less than prescribed above for fittings shall be mild steel analysis No. A1 of Table QW-442,
tempering except that Grade WP1 is required to be post-weld Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, No.
heat treated only when the nominal wall thickness at the A2 may be used for Grade WPCW.
welded joint is 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] or greater, and except that 8.4 The molybdenum and chromium content of the depos-
preheat and post weld heat treatment are not required for WP24 ited weld metal of alloy steel fittings shall be within the same
fittings whose section thickness does not exceed 0.500 in. percentage range as permitted for the base metal.
[12.7 mm].
7.3.5 Except when Supplementary Requirement S1 is speci- 8.5 Weld metal used in the construction of WP24 fittings
fied by the purchaser, Grade WP91 shall be normalized at 1900 shall be of the composition: 2.25 % Cr, 1 % Mo, 0.25 % V.
°F [1040 °C] minimum, and 1975 °F [1080 °C] maximum, and
tempered in the temperature range of 1350 °F [730 °C] to 1470 9. Tensile Requirements
°F [800 °C] as a final heat treatment. 9.1 The tensile properties of the fitting material shall con-
7.3.6 Grade WP911 shall be normalized in the temperature form to the requirements listed in Table 2.
range of 1900 to 1975 °F [1040 to 1080 °C], and tempered in 9.1.1 Specimens cut either longitudinally or transversely
the temperature range of 1365 to 1435 °F [740 to 780 °C] as a shall be acceptable for the tension test.
final heat treatment. 9.1.2 While Table 2 specifies elongation requirements for
7.3.7 Grade WP92 shall be normalized at 1900 °F [1040 °C] both longitudinal and transverse specimens, it is not the intent
minimum, and 1975 °F [1080 °C] maximum, and tempered in that both requirements apply simultaneously. Instead, it is
the temperature range of 1350 °F [730 °C] to 1470 °F [800 °C] intended that only the elongation requirement that is appropri-
as a final heat treatment. ate for the specimen used be applicable.
7.4 WPB and WPC Fittings Made from Bar—Cold-finished 9.2 One tension test shall be made on each heat of material
bars reduced in cross-sectional area more than 10 % by cold and in the same condition of heat treatment as the finished
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 A234/A234M − 15
fittings it represents. The sample thickness shall not vary more the sizes, shapes, dimensions, and tolerances specified in the
than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] from the fitting wall thickness it represents. latest revision of MSS-SP-95 or MSS-SP-97.
9.3 When cold-formed fittings are furnished, samples of the 13.2 Fittings of size or shape differing from these standards,
raw material shall be normalized or stress relieved as required but meeting all other requirements of this specification may be
in 7.2.4. Tension tests conducted on these heat-treated samples furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58
shall be considered to be the tensile properties of the cold- in Specification A960/A960M.
formed fittings.
14. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion
9.4 Records of the tension tests shall be certification that the Protection
material of the fitting meets the tensile requirements of this
specification provided the heat treatments are the same. If the 14.1 The requirements of Specification A960/A960M apply.
raw material was not tested, or the fitting is not in the same 15. Repair by Welding
condition of heat treatment, the fitting manufacturer shall
perform the required test on material representative of the 15.1 See Specification A960/A960M.
finished fitting from each heat of starting material. 15.2 In addition to the requirements for weld repair of
Specification A960/A960M, weld repairs to WP91 fittings
10. Hardness shall meet the requirements of 6.3.1.
10.1 Except when only one fitting is produced, and except 15.3 In addition to the requirements for weld repair of
for Grade WP91, a minimum of two pieces per batch or Specification A960/A960M, weld repairs to WP24 fittings
continuous run shall be hardness tested to ensure the fittings are shall meet the requirements of 8.5. The recommended preheat
within the following limits for each grade in Table 2. The and interpass temperature ranges are 200 to 400 °F [95 to 205
purchaser may verify that the requirement has been met by °C]. Weld repairs to WP24 fittings shall be post weld heat
testing at any location on the fitting provided such testing does treated at 1350 to 1470 °F [730 to 800 °C], except that preheat
not render the fitting useless. and post weld heat treatment are not required for WP24 fittings
10.1.1 Fittings of Grades WP5, WP9, and WPR—217 HBW whose section thickness does not exceed 0.500 in. [12.7 mm].
maximum.
10.1.2 Fittings of Grade WP24 and WP911—248 HBW 16. Inspection
maximum. 16.1 See Specification A960/A960M.
10.1.3 Fittings of Grade WP92—269 HBW maximum.
10.1.4 Fittings of all other grades—197 HBW maximum. 16.2 Other tests, when required by agreement, shall be made
from material of the lots covered in the order.
10.2 All fittings of Grade WP91 shall be hardness tested and
shall have a hardness of 190 HBW-250 HBW. 17. Rejection and Rehearing
10.3 When additional hardness testing of the fittings is 17.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
required, see Supplementary Requirement S57 in Specification this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported
A960/A960M. to the producer or supplier promptly in writing. In case of
dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the producer or
11. Hydrostatic Tests supplier may make claim for a rehearing.
11.1 See Specification A960/A960M. 17.2 Fittings that develop defects in shopworking or appli-
cation operations may be rejected. Upon rejection, the manu-
12. Nondestructive Examination
facturer shall be notified promptly in writing.
12.1 For WP91 and WP92 fittings, one of the following
examinations, as found in the Supplementary Requirements of 18. Certification
Specification A960/A960M, shall be performed: S52 Liquid 18.1 Test reports are required for all fittings covered by this
Penetrant Examination, S53 Magnetic Particle Examination, specification. Each test report shall meet the requirements for
S62 Ultrasonic Test, or S72 Nondestructive Electromagnetic certification in A960/A960M as well as include the following
(Eddy-Current) Test. information specific to this specification:
18.1.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 8 (Table 1), re-
13. Dimensions ported results shall be to the same number of significant figures
13.1 Butt-welding fittings and butt-welding short radius as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element.
elbows and returns purchased in accordance with this specifi- 18.1.2 Tensile property results, Section 9 (Table 2), report
cation shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances given in the yield strength and tensile strength in ksi [MPa] and
the latest revision of ASME B16.9. Steel socket-welding and elongation in percent,
threaded fittings purchased in accordance with this specifica- 18.1.3 Hardness results, Section 10,
tion shall conform to the sizes, shapes, dimensions, and 18.1.4 Type heat treatment, if any, Section 7,
tolerances specified in the latest revision of ASME B16.11, 18.1.5 Seamless or welded,
MSS-SP-79, or MSS-SP-83. Swage(d) Nipples, Bull Plugs, 18.1.6 Starting material, specifically pipe, plate, etc.,
and Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings pur- 18.1.7 Statement regarding radiographic or ultrasonic
chased in accordance with this specification shall conform to examination, Section 6.3, and
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 A234/A234M − 15
18.1.8 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase painted or stenciled on the fitting or stamped on a metal or
order. plastic tag which shall be securely attached to the fitting.
19. Product Marking 19.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 19.1,
19.1 In addition to marking requirements of A960/A960M, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification
the following marking requirements shall apply: method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar
19.1.1 Butt-welding fittings shall be marked with the fitting coding system to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at
designation for marking in accordance with Annex A1. the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with one of
19.1.2 Butt-welding fittings containing welds that have been the published industry standards for bar coding. If used on
ultrasonically examined instead of radiography shall be marked small fittings, the bar code may be applied to the box or a
U after heat identity. substantially applied tag.
19.1.3 Threaded or socket-welding fittings shall be marked
with the pressure class and fitting designation for marking in 20. Keywords
accordance with Annex A1. Plugs and bushings furnished to 20.1 pipe fittings—steel; piping applications; pressure con-
ASME B16.11 requirements are not required to be marked. taining parts; pressure vessel service; temperature service
19.1.4 When agreed upon between the purchaser and applications—elevated
manufacturer, and specified in the order, the markings shall be

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not be considered unless specified in the order, in which event, the
supplementary requirements specified shall be made at the place of manufacture, unless otherwise
agreed upon, at the purchaser’s expense. The test specified shall be witnessed by the purchaser’s
inspector before shipment of material, if so specified in the order.

S1. Alternative Heat Treatment—Grade WP91 S3. Carbon Equivalent

S1.1 Grade WP91 shall be normalized in accordance with S3.1 For grades WPB and WPC, the maximum carbon
7.3.5 and tempered at a temperature, to be specified by the equivalent (C.E.), based on heat analysis and the following
purchaser, less than 1350 °F [730 °C]. It shall be the purchas- formula, shall be 0.50.
er’s responsibility to subsequently temper the entire fitting in
the temperature range of 1350 °F [730 °C] to 1470 °F [800 °C] Mn Cr1Mo1V Ni1Cu
C.E. 5 C1 1 1
as a final heat treatment. All mechanical tests shall be made on 6 5 15
material heat treated in accordance with 7.3.5. The certification S3.2 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
shall reference this supplementary requirement indicating the upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
actual tempering temperature applied. The notation “S1’’ shall
be included with the required marking of the fitting. S3.3 The C.E. shall be reported on the test report.

S2. Restricted Vanadium Content

S2.1 The vanadium content of the fittings shall not exceed
0.03 %.

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 A234/A234M − 15

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. FITTING DESIGNATION FOR MARKING PURPOSES

TABLE A1.1 Fitting Designation for Marking Purposes

Grade Class Construction Mandatory Marking
WPB W (Welded construction) WPBWA
S (Seamless construction) WPB
WPC W (Welded construction) WPCWA
S (Seamless construction) WPC
WP1 W (Welded construction) WP1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP1
WP12 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP12 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP12 CL1
CL2 W (Welded construction) WP12 CL2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP12 CL2
WP11 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL1
CL2 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL2WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL2
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP11 CL3WA
S (Seamless construction) WP11 CL3
WP22 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP22 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP22 CL1
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP22 CL3WA
S (Seamless construction) WP22 CL3
WP5 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP5 CL1WA
S (Seamless construction) WP5 CL1
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP5 CL3 WA
S (Seamless construction) WP5 CL3
WP9 CL1 W (Welded construction) WP9 CL1 WA
S (Seamless construction) WP9 CL1
CL3 W (Welded construction) WP9 CL3 WA
S (Seamless construction) WP9 CL3
WPR W (Welded construction) WPR WA
S (Seamless construction) WPR
WP91 W (Welded construction) WP91WA
S (Seamless construction) WP91
WP92 W (Welded construction) WP92WA
S (Seamless construction) WP92
WP911 W (Welded construction) WP911WA
S (Seamless construction) WP911
A
Add “U” to marking if welds are ultrasonic inspected in lieu of radiography.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A234/A234M–14, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved September 1, 2015)

(1) Revised 7.5 to eliminate the reference to WP11 Class 3 and having to obtain prior customer approval in the absence of any
WP22 Class 3. specific heat treat procedure provided by the customer at the
(2) Added 7.5.1 to allow for, as needed, the liquid quench and time of order placement.
tempering of WP11 Class 3 and WP22 Class 3 fittings without

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A234/A234M–13ε1, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved October 1, 2014)

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 A234/A234M − 15
(1) Revised 5.1 to clarify steel must be fully killed. (2) Revised title of Section 14.

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