GB 5009.229-2016 食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定 (1) .zh-CN.en
GB 5009.229-2016 食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定 (1) .zh-CN.en
GB 5009.229-2016 食品安全国家标准 食品中酸价的测定 (1) .zh-CN.en
standards of People's Republic of China
GB 5009. 229—2016
National Food Safety Standard
Determination of acid value in food
before Speak
this 50 G /T509. 0
Mark Quasi. instead B 4.
37—2003《 Analytical method of hygienic standard of edible vegetable oil 》 in " 1", At the same time instead o
middle ".
1", GB/T15689—2008《 Determination of acidity of vegetable oil 》、
4 Analysis method 》 in " GB/T14489. 3‑1993《 Free fat in oil
Fatty acid content determination method 》 with GB/T5530—2005《 Determination of acid value and acidity of animal and vegetable oils ".
This standard and GB/T5009.
37—2003 middle "1
4." In comparison, the main changes are as follows:
— —
— The standard name is changed to "
National Food Safety Standard Determination of acid value in food ";
— —
— Modified the scope of application of the standard;
— —
— Modified the titration method of phenolphthalein indicator as the first
Method, namely cold solvent indicator titration method;
— — law;
— Added cold solvent automatic potentiometric titration as the second
— Added hot ethanol indicator titration method as the third method;
— —
— —
— Added sample preparation specifications for food samples;
— —
— Added the requirement of sample weighing;
— —
— Modified the precision requirements .
Ⅰ
GB 5009. 229—2016
National Food Safety Standard
Determination of acid value in food
1 range
This standard specifies three methods for the determination of acid value in various foods ———
Position titration method (the second method) and hot ethanol indicator titration method (the third method) . Cold solvent indicator titration method (the first method) , Cold solvent au
Scope of application
(Except chili oil) , Edible animal oil , Edible hydrogenated oil , Shortening , Margarine , Non‑dairy cream , Total vegetable oil 7 include
class . Edible plants
Oil (The first method is suitable for samples of edible fats and oils that can be completely dissolved into a clear solution by a cold solvent at room temperature.
Vegetable oil , Fried snacks , Puffed food , Baked food , Nut Food , pastry , bread , Biscuits , Fried instant noodles , Nut and Seed
Animal aquatic dry products , Cured meat products , Total chili sauce with edible oil 19 class .
oil , Three laws apply
Edible animal oil , Not at room temperature
Edible hydrogenated oil , Margarine , Total non‑dairy cream 6 edible
Shortening , The agent is completely dissolved class . Oil samples, the scope of application includes edible plants
The first method cold solvent indicator titration method
2 principle
Use an organic solvent to dissolve the grease sample into a sample solution, and then neutralize the sample solution with potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide standard tit
The free fatty acid in the liquid is determined by the corresponding color change of the indicator to determine the titration end point, and finally the standard titration solution consume
Calculate the acid value of the grease sample .
3 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in this method are of analytical grade, and water is GB/T6682 Prescribed tertiary water .
3. 1 Reagent
3.11. Isopropanol ( C 3 H 8 O).
3.21. Ether ( C 4 H 10 O).
3.31. Methyl tert‑butyl ether ( C 5 H 12 O).
3.41. 95% Ethanol ( C 2 H 6 O).
3.51. Phenolphthalein (C 20 H 14 O 4), Indicator, CAS: 77‑ 09‑ 8.
3.61. Thymolphthalein ( C 28 H 30 O 4), Indicator, CAS: 125‑ 20‑ 2.
3.71. Basic Blue 6B( C 37 H 31 N 3 O 4), Indicator, CAS: 1324‑ 80‑ 7.
3.81. Anhydrous sodium sulfate ( Na 2 SO 4), in 105℃~110℃ Fully dry under conditions, then put it in a closed container to cool and store .
3.91. Anhydrous ether ( C 4 H 10 O).
3.11.0 Petroleum ether, 30℃~60℃ Boiling range .
1
GB 5009. 229—2016
3. 2 Reagent preparation
1mo l /L or 0.
3.12. Potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide standard titration aqueous solution, the concentration is 0. 5mo l /L, according to GB/T601 Standard requirements
For preparation and calibration, commercially available reagents can also be purchased .
3.22. Ethyl ether‑isopropanol mixture: Ethyl ether + isopropanol = 1+1, 500mL Of ether and 500mL The isopropanol is fully miscible and mixed,
Available now .
3.32. Phenolphthalein indicator: Weigh 1g Of phenolphthalein, add 100mL of 95% Ethanol and stir until completely dissolved .
3.42. Thymolphthalein indicator: Weigh 2g Thymolphthalein, add 100mL of 95% Ethanol and stir until completely dissolved .
3.52. Basic Blue 6B Indicator: Weigh 2g Basic blue 6B, Join 100mL of 95% Ethanol and stir until completely dissolved .
4 Instruments and equipment
4. 1 10mL Micro burette: the smallest scale is 0. 05mL.
4. 2 001g.
Balance: Sensitivity 0.
4. 3 Constant temperature water bath .
4. 4 Constant temperature drying oven .
4. 5 /mi.
Centrifuge: the maximum speed is not lower than 8000r n
4. 6 Rotary evaporator .
4. 7 Soxhlet fat extraction device .
4. 8 Vegetable oil grinder or grinder .
5 Analysis steps
5. 1 Sample preparation
5.11. Preparation of edible fat samples
If the edible oil sample is liquid at room temperature and is a clear liquid, take the sample directly after mixing it thoroughly, otherwise follow the appendix A Request to enter
Decontamination and dehydration and drying treatment; if the edible oil sample is solid at room temperature, follow the appendix B Preparation; if the sample is an emulsified food
Use grease, follow the appendix C preparation .
5.21. Preparation of vegetable oil samples
Things 8
The oil is crushed into uniform fine particles, and the vegetable oils with higher brittleness (such as soybeans) , Sunflower seeds
cotton
seed , Use smash first Should be crushed to the particle size 0.mm~3mm
Rapeseed, etc.) machine or grinder to plant Even smaller fine particles, and less brittle vegetable oils (such as copra , Brown
3 Smash .
Palm kernels, etc.) should be crushed to a particle size not greater than 6mm particle . If fever is obvious during this period, follow the appendix D in D.
3.. or 3.
Take the crushed vegetable oil fine particles into the Soxhlet fat extraction device, and then add an appropriate amount of extraction solvent ( 19 1. 10), plus
Heat and reflux extraction 4h. Finally, collect and combine all the extracts in a flask and place them in a water bath at a temperature not higher than 45°C Rotary steaming
0.8MPa~0.
Inside the hair instrument, 0 1MPa Under negative pressure, the solvent in it is completely rotated to evaporate to dryness, and the remaining liquid grease is taken as a sample.
Perform acid value determination .
If the remaining liquid oil is turbid , emulsification , Delamination or precipitation, should be in accordance with the appendix A The requirements for impurity removal and dehy
5. 2 Sample weighing
According to the color of the prepared sample and the estimated acid value, follow the table 1 Specimen for weighing .
2
GB 5009. 229—2016
table 1 Sample scale
mg/g g mol /L g
2mL~10mL Between (after deducting blanks) . If after testing, it is found
The sample weighing amount and the concentration of the titrant should be such that the amount of the titrant is within 0.
The actual sample weight of the sample does not match the expected sample weight corresponding to the acid value of the sample. 1 Request, re‑test after adjusting the weighing amou
5. 3 Sample measurement
Take a clean 250mL Erlenmeyer flask, in accordance with 5. 2 According to the requirements, use a balance to weigh the prepared grease sample, and its quality m th
Gram . Add ether‑isopropanol mixture 50mL~100mL with 3 Drop~ 4 Drop of phenolphthalein indicator, shake well to dissolve the sample . Reusable
3. 2.
There is a standard titration solution (
1) The graduated burette manually titrates the sample solution. When the sample solution initially appears reddish, and 15s Nothing inside
When the color is obviously faded, it is the end point of the titration . Stop the titration immediately and record the number of milliliters of standard titration solution consumed in this ti
for V .
For dark oil samples, thymolphthalein indicator or alkaline blue can be used 6B The indicator replaces the phenolphthalein indicator, when the titration is
When the color changes to blue, it is the end point of the titration of thymolphthalein, alkaline blue 6B The end point of the indicator titration changes from blue to red . Rice bran oil (ric
The cold solvent indicator method of rice oil can only use alkaline blue to determine the acid value. 6B Indicator .
5. 4 Blank test
Take another clean 250mL Erlenmeyer flask, accurately added with 5.
3 Same volume when measuring middle sample , The same kind of organic solvent
3..) And indicator (
Mixture ( twenty two 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 4 or 3.52.), Shake and mix . Then use the standard titration solution ( twenty one
3..) Tick drop
Manual titration with a fixed tube, when the solution initially appears reddish, and 15s When there is no obvious fading inside, it is the end point of the titration . Stop the titration immed
The number of milliliters of the standard titration solution consumed in the next titration, this value is V 0 .
For cold solvent indicator titration method,and also 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 4 or
3..) Add a few drops of indicator (
), Then use the standard titration solution ( 2
3.52. Correct 1 Prepared sample dissolving solution ( twenty two
3..) Titrate the sample solution to the corresponding color change and 15s Stop dripping after there is no obvious fading inside
It is determined that the acidity of the sample solution is just neutralized . Then dissolve the grease sample with this acid‑neutralized sample dissolving solution, and then use the same
The method continues to titrate the sample solution to the corresponding color change and 15s Stop the titration after there is no obvious fading, and record the consumption of this titr
The number of milliliters of the standard titration solution, this value is V, In this way, there is no need to perform a blank test, namely V 0= 0.
6 Expression of analysis results
Acid value (also known as acid value) according to the formula (
1) The requirements are calculated:
(VV 0) × c × 56. 1
X AV= ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(1)
m
Where:
X AV ——— Acid value in milligrams per gram ( mg/g);
mL);
V ——— The volume of the standard titration solution consumed for the measurement of the sample, in milliliter (
3
GB 5009. 229—2016
V 0 ——— The volume of the standard titration solution consumed by the corresponding blank determination, in milliliters ( mL);
c — —
— The molar concentration of the standard titration solution in moles per liter ( lmo/L);
Price> 100mg/g, The calculation result is reserved to integer digits .
7 Precision
; Acid value< 1mg/g When the absolute difference between two independent determination results obtained under repeated conditions should not exceed the arithmetic mean
15% when When the acid value ≥1mg/g When the absolute difference between the two independent measurement results obtained under repeated conditions should not exceed the ari
value 12%.
The second method cold solvent automatic potentiometric titration
8 principle
Extract grease from food samples (pure grease samples can be sampled directly) as samples, and use organic solvents to dissolve the grease samples into samples
Solution, and then use potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide standard titration solution to neutralize the free fatty acid in the titration sample solution, and measure the free fatty a
Sample solution pH Changes and draw the corresponding pH‑ The real‑time change curve of the titration volume and its first‑order differential curve, which are generated as free fatty ac
Caused by the neutralization reaction "
pH Jump " In order to determine the end point of the titration, finally calculate the oil by the volume of the standard solution consumed at the end of th
Acid value of fat sample .
9 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, the reagents used in this method are of analytical grade, and water is GB/T6682 Prescribed tertiary water .
9. 1 Reagent
N 2), Purity> 99.
Liquid nitrogen ( 99%.
9. 2 material
Medium‑speed qualitative filter paper .
10 Instruments and equipment
10. 1 Automatic potentiometric titrator: with automatic pH Electrode correction function , Dynamic titration mode function; controlled by microcomputer,
Can draw automatically in real tim
And record the titration pH‑ The real‑time change curve of the titration volume and the corresponding first‑order differential curve; the titration accuracy should reach 0.
01mL/ Drops, telecommunication
No. measurement accuracy reached 0.
1mV; Equipped 20mL Titration liquid filling tube; the outlet of the burette is equipped with an anti‑diffusion head .
l complex pH Electrode: adopt Ag/AgCl
Shielding function . The internal reference solution is 2mo/L Lithium Chloride Ethanol Solution .
10. 3 Magnetic stirrer, equipped with PTFE magnetic stirrer .
10. 4 Food grinder or masher .
/mi.
10. 5 All stainless steel tissue masher, equipped 1L~2L The all‑stainless steel tissue mashed cup with a rotation speed of at least 10000r n
4
GB 5009. 229—2016
10. 6 Porcelain mortar .
10. 7 Round hole sieve: the aperture is 2. 5mm.
11 Analysis steps
11. 1 Sample preparation
11.11. Preparation of edible fat samples
with 5.
1. 1.
11.21. Preparation of vegetable oil samples
with 5.
1. 2.
11.31. Preparation of oily food samples
11.31
1.. Separation and removal of different parts of the sample
Material and coating food
For foods containing fillings and coatings (such as certain types of bread) , pastry , Biscuits, etc.), the filling should be first
.1.
1 Other
The edible parts are separated and the grease samples are prepared separately . If the filling and coating consist only of edible fats and oils, Then follow 5 versus Take a sample
1.. with 11.331.. The request to carry out the sample
Preparation, other kinds of fillings , Coatings and other oily edible parts of food shall be in accordance with 11.32
Preparation, and the oil‑free part of the sample (such as fruit , Fruit pulp , Sugars, etc.) and inedible parts (such as shells) , Bones etc.) should be removed . If Han
There is a small amount of coating or filling, as long as it does not affect the pulverization of the sample and the extraction of oil by organic solvents, it is not necessary to perform separa
Crushing and oil extraction with food .
11.32
1.. Crushing of the sample
According to the sample
The size of the hardness, select the appendix D Like frying
food , For soft or fluid samples (such as fillings) , peanut butter ,
Puffed food , bread , Pastries, etc.) in accordance with D. The requirements are crushed;
1 Pulverized in an adapted method . Generally for samples with less hardness (
Tahini, etc.) as per D.2 Requirements for crushing; for samples with greater hardness (such as animal aquatic dry products) , Cured meat products, etc.) in accordance with D.
3
4 Request shattered .
The requirements are crushed; for pre‑packaged foods containing seasoning oil packets (such as fried instant noodles, etc.) in accordance with D.
11.33
1.. Extraction of grease samples , Purify and merge
Take the crushed sample (the content of oil can be n and
Enough to satisfy the table 1 Requirements), add sample volume 3 Times~ 5 Times the volume of petroleum ether,
Stir thoroughly with a magnetic stirrer 30mi n~60mi , Make the sample fully dispersed in petroleum ether, and then stand still at room temperature for extraction 12h
on . Then filter with filter paper, collect and combine the filtrate in a flask, and place it in a water bath at a temperature not higher than 45°C In the rotary evaporator,
0. 08MPa~0. 1MPa Under negative pressure, the petroleum ether in it is completely rotated and evaporated to dryness, and the remaining liquid grease is taken as a sample fo
Determination .
If the remaining liquid oil is turbid , emulsification , Delamination or precipitation, should be in accordance with the appendix A The requirements for impurity removal and dehy
For passing 11.31
1.. The oil samples of different parts of the obtained food were extracted separately, and finally according to the original single unit food
The composition ratio of the product or package, the fat samples extracted from different parts of the food are combined into the fat samples for the acid value test of the food sample .
11. 2 Sample weighing
press 5. 1 Weigh the grease sample prepared in .
2 The requirements of 11.
11. 3 Sample measurement
Take a clean 200mL Beaker, in accordance with 11.2 The quality of the prepared grease sample weighed with a balance m the unit is
5
GB 5009. 229—2016
Gram . Accurately add the ether‑isopropanol mixture ( 3. 2. 2) 50mL~100mL, Join again 1 A clean PTFE magnetic stir bar,
Place this beaker on a magnetic stirrer and stir at an appropriate speed for at least 20s, Make the grease sample completely dissolve and form a sample solution, maintain
Stirring state . Then, insert the electrode and burette connected to the automatic potentiometric titrator into the sample solution.
The anti‑diffusion tip of the bubble and burette is completely immersed below the liquid level of the sample solution, but it must not be in contact with the wall of the beaker. , The botto
3. 2.
And open the sealing plug on the top of the electrode at the same time . Start the automatic potentiometric titrator and use the standard titration solution (
1) Perform titration, automatic during measurem
The parameter conditions of the potentiometric titrator are as follows:
— —
— Titration speed: enable dynamic titration mode control;
— —
— Minimum dosing volume: 0
0.1mL/ Drop~ 0. 06mL/ Drops (blank test: 0. 01mL/ Drop~ 0. 03mL/ drop);
— —
— Maximum liquid volume: 1
0.mL~0. 5mL( Blank test: 0. 01mL~0. 03mL);
— —
— Signal drift:20mV~30mV;
— —
— Start the real‑time automatic monitoring function, and the computer will automatically draw the corresponding pH‑ The real‑time change curve of the titration volume a
1 Shown;
Order differential curve, as appendix E Chinese map E.
— —
— End point determination method: when the neutralization reaction occurs with free fatty acid, it produces "
S" type pH‑ On the real‑time change curve of titration volume
of "pH Jump " The point indicated by the peak apex of the resulting first‑order differential curve is the end point of the titration (see appendix E Chinese map E.
1 So
Show) . After the end of the titration, the automatic potentiometric titrator will automatically stop the titration, the titration is over, and automatically display the end po
set H
Standard drops "The number of milliliters of the solution, that is, the titrated volume V; If during the entire automatic potentiometric titration de
Corresponding consumption H
Close to pH7.
5~9. 5 " "
Range‑range p Sudden jump is used as the basis for titration and endpoint determination (as in the appendix E Chinese map E.
2 Shown); if produced
"
Direct jump p " H Real volume E
Time. line
Change song)
( Titration E Chinese map
The basis for end point determination is as appendix 3 " its
; Then directly H corresponding " The vertex of the first‑order differential curve is the titrati
Show if in one p If multiple first‑order differential peaks are generated on a sudden jump, then
4 Shown) .
The highest peak is used as the basis for the determination of the end point of the titration (such as appendix E Chinese map E.
After the titration of each sample is completed, the electrode and burette should be rinsed with solvent, and then rinsed with an appropriate amount of distilled water before pro
Determination of samples; the stir bar is washed with solvent and distilled water and dried with paper towels before being reused .
11. 4 Blank test
Take another clean 200mL Beaker, accurately add to 11.
3 Same volume when measuring middle sample , Mixing of the same kind of organic solven
3. 2. 2), Then follow 11. 3 Measure the relevant automatic potentiometric titrator parameters in . Get blank " Direct jump " type pH‑
liquid(
The real‑time change curve of the titration volume and the corresponding first‑order differential curve, with the point indicated by the apex of the first‑order differential curve as a blank
End point (as appendix E Chinese map E.
3 As shown), the number of milliliters of the consumption standard titration solution obtained for the blank determination is V 0 .
12 Expression of analysis results
The same 6 Chapter requirements .
13 Precision
The same 7 Chapter requirements .
The third method hot ethanol indicator titration method
14 principle
Heat the solid grease sample with ethanol to 70°C Above (but not exceeding the boiling point of ethanol), the solid grease sample melts into liquid
6
GB 5009. 229—2016
At the same time, a hot ethanol suspension of the grease sample is formed by shaking, so that the free fatty acid in the grease sample is dissolved in the hot ethanol, and then used while
Potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide standard titration solution neutralizes the free fatty acid in the hot ethanol suspension to indicate the corresponding color change
To determine the end point of the titration, and then calculate the acid value of the sample oil by the volume of the standard solution consumed at the end of the titration .
15 Reagents and materials
The same 3 Chapter requirements .
16 Instruments and equipment
The same 4 Chapter requirements .
17 Analysis steps
17. 1 Sample preparation
According to the appendix B Or appendix C Request to proceed .
17. 2 Sample weighing
according to 5. 1 Weigh the grease sample prepared in .
2 The requirements of 17.
17. 3 Sample measurement
Take a clean 2 50mL Erlenmeyer flask,according to 1
72. Its quality m Unit is grams .
According to the requirements, use a balance to weigh the prepared grease sample,
Take another clean 250mL Erlenmeyer flask, add 50mL~100mL of 95% Ethanol, then add 0. 5mL~1mL
Phenolphthalein indicator . Then, put this Erlenmeyer flask into 90℃~100℃ Add to the bath
Bottle, while the temperature of the ethanol is still at 70°C When above, immediately use the standard titration solution (. 2.
1) Of the graduated burette to drip ethanol
3 Heat until the ethanol slightly boils . Take out the cone and burn
set . When the ethanol first appeared reddish, and 15s When there is no obvious fading inside, stop the titration immediately, and the acidity of ethanol is neutralized . Dissolve this in eth
Pour the liquid into the Erlenmeyer flask containing the sample while it is hot, and then put it in 90℃~100℃ Heated in a water bath until the ethanol slightly boils, during which time
3..) Tick drop
Vigorously shake the Erlenmeyer flask to form a suspension . Finally take out the Erlenmeyer flask, while it is hot, immediately use the standard titration solution ( twenty one
The tube is used to titrate the hot ethanol suspension of the sample. When the sample solution initially appears reddish, and 15s When there is no obvious fading inside, it is the end of ti
Point, stop the titration immediately, and record the milliliters of the standard titration solution consumed in this titration. This value is V .
For dark oil samples, the amount of ethanol and indicator can be increased appropriately, and thymolphthalein indicator (or alkaline blue 6B
Indicator) instead of phenolphthalein indicator, when titrating, when its color changes to blue, it is the end point of thymolphthalein titration, alkaline blue 6B Indicator
The end point of the titration changes from blue to red .
The hot ethanol indicator titration method does not require a blank test, that is V 0= 0.
18 Expression of analysis results
The same 6 Chapter requirements .
19 Precision
The same 7 Chapter requirements .
7
GB 5009. 229—2016
appendix A
Removal of impurities and drying and dehydration of grease samples
A. 1 Clean up
The sample used as the test specimen should be liquid , clarify , No precipitation and mix well . If the sample is not clear , There is precipitation,Then the grease should be placed
50℃ In the water bath or constant temperature drying oven, the temperature of the grease is heated to 50℃ And shake it enough to melt possible oil crystals . If this time
The grease sample becomes clear , If there is no precipitation, it can be used as a sample, otherwise the grease should be placed in the 50℃ In the constant temperature drying box, filter
For sexual impurities, take the filtered clarified liquid grease as a sample, and the filtration process should be completed as soon as possible .
To Filter clean, you can first centrifuge the grease sample
If the impurity content in the oil sample is high, and the particles are small, it is difficult to n
For freezing point higher than 50℃ Or contain a freezing point higher than 50℃ For samples of grease composition, the grease should be placed higher than its freezing poin
10℃ In the left and right water bath or constant temperature drying box, heat the grease and shake it enough to melt possible grease crystals . If you need to filter, then
Grease is placed higher than its freezing point 10℃ In the constant temperature drying box on the left and right, filter the insoluble impurities with filter paper, and take the filtered clarif
Grease is used as a sample, and the filtration process should be completed as soon as possible .
A. 2 Dry dehydration
If the grease contains moisture, pass A.
1 After the treatment, the clarification still cannot be achieved, and it should be dried and dehydrated. . For no crystallization
Solidification of grease, and after A.1 After the treatment and cooling to room temperature, there is no crystallization or solidification of grease. 10g Grease added
1 g~2 g Add anhydrous sodium sulfate in the proportion of, and fully stir to mix the adsorption dehydration, then filter with filter paper, take the filtered clear liquid oil
Grease as a sample .
/mi~10000r n
If the moisture content in the grease sample is high, the grease sample can be centrifuged first 8000r n /mi 的rpm
heart 10min~20mi n, After stratification, take the upper layer of grease sample and then use anhydrous sodium sulfate for adsorption and dehydration .
For grease that crystallizes or solidifies at room temperature, and after A. 1 After the treatment and cooling to room temperature, there is obvious crystallization o
Like the grease, you can use an appropriate amount of petroleum ether for the grease sample to 40℃~55℃ After dissolving completely in the water bath, add an appropriate amount of a
Under the heating condition, fully stir, mix, adsorb, dehydrate, and let the precipitated sodium sulfate clarify the solution, then collect the supernatant, and place the supernatant in
0.8MPa~0.
The temperature of the water bath is not higher than 45°C In the rotary evaporator, 0 1MPa Under negative pressure, the petroleum ether in it is completely rotated and steamed
Dry, take the remaining liquid grease as a sample . If the residual grease is turbid, the grease sample is A. 1 Relevant requirements for another
After filtering and removing impurities, a clarified oil sample can be obtained .
For grease samples that cannot be dissolved in petroleum ether due to a high freezing point, place the grease higher than its freezing point 10℃ Water around
In the bath or constant temperature drying box, heat the grease and shake it sufficiently to melt possible grease crystals or coagulum, and then add an appropriate amount of anhydrous
Sodium, in the same temperature environment, fully stir, mix, adsorb and dehydrate, and stand to precipitate sodium sulfate, and then filter under the same heating conditions
The upper liquid grease sample to obtain a clear grease sample, the filtration process should be completed as soon as possible .
8
GB 5009. 229—2016
appendix B
Treatment of solid grease samples
By table 1 According to the requirements, weigh a sample of solid grease and place it at a higher melting point than its melting point. 10℃ In the left and right water bath or cons
After melting the solid grease sample, if the melted grease sample is completely clear, it can be sampled directly after mixing. . If the melted grease sample is turbid or has
Precipitation, you should follow the appendix A Relevant requirements for impurity removal and dehydration .
9
GB 5009. 229—2016
appendix C
Treatment of emulsified oil samples
Weighed samples of emulsified oils and fats (the oil content should conform to the table 1 Requirements), add the sample volume 5 Times~ 10 Times the petroleum ether, then s
Until the sample is completely dissolved in petroleum ether (if the freezing point of the oil sample is too high, it can be placed in 40℃~55℃ Stir in a water bath until completely dissolved
Solution), and then fully stand and separate layers, take the upper organic phase extract and place it in a water bath at a temperature not higher than 45°C In the rotary evaporator,
0. 08MPa~0. 1MPa Under negative pressure, the petroleum ether in it is completely rotated and evaporated to dryness, and the remaining liquid grease is taken as a sample . If
Muddy oil , emulsification , If there is stratification or precipitation, it should be in accordance with the appendix A The requirements for impurity removal and dehydration and drying .
versus 750 mL The methyl tert‑butyl ether is fully miscible and mixed .
If the oil sample can be completely dissolved in a solvent such as petroleum ether, it becomes a clear solution or just becomes a suspension without stratification, then it is direc
Add an appropriate amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate, under the same temperature conditions, fully stir and mix the adsorption dehydration and let stand to precipitate the sodium s
0.8MPa~0.
The temperature of the clear liquid in the water bath is not higher than 45°C In the rotary evaporator, 0 1MPa Under negative pressure, the petroleum ether
Rotate and evaporate at the bottom, and take the remaining liquid grease as a sample . If the remaining grease is cloudy , emulsification , If there is stratification or precipitation, it shoul
The requirements for impurity removal and dehydration and drying .
10
GB 5009. 229—2016
appendix D
Crushing of the sample
D. 1 Ordinary crush
The sample is first cut or divided into small pieces or small pieces, and then put into a food grinder to pulverize into powder, and pass through a round hole sieve (if
The sample powder cannot completely pass through the round hole sieve, it can be further ground and finely sieved with a mortar) . Take the sieve for oil extraction . After crushing
D. 2 Ordinary mash
First cut or divide the sample into small pieces or small pieces, then put it in a mortar, and then continue to grind to make the sample fully mashed , Mash and mix
Combine . The sample can also be mashed using a food masher , Mash and mix . For peanut butter , Tahini , Liquid samples such as chili sauce, directly stir
Just mix and mix well .
D. 3 Freeze crushing
Cut the sample into small pieces first , Small pieces or pellets, then put them in a mortar, add an appropriate amount of liquid nitrogen, and mash them while they are frozen
And mix well . Then, while it is not thawed, pour the mashed sample into the stainless steel mashing cup of the tissue masher, and then put it into the mashing cup.
/mi~15000r n
Add a small amount of liquid nitrogen, and then 10000r n /mi Freeze pulverization at a speed of, and pulverize the sample to most of the particle size
no greater than 4mm particle .
D. 4 Crushing of pre‑packaged foods containing seasoning oil packets
1~D.
First follow D. 3 Corresponding crushing technology will reduce the oily content of prepackaged food , The edible part of the non‑seasoning oil packet is crushed,
The proportion of the original smallest packaging unit of the pre‑packaged food, the oil in the seasoning oil package is fully mixed with the crushed oily edible part .
11
GB 5009. 229—2016
appendix E
Schematic diagram of titration end point determination of automatic potentiometric titration
E. 1 typical " 1.
S" type pH‑ Real‑time change curve of titration volume, see figure E.
1 typical "
Figure E. S " type pH‑ Real‑time change curve of titration volume
Figure E.
2 repeatedly " pH Jump " of "S " type pH‑ Real‑time change curve of titration volume
12
GB 5009. 229—2016
Figure E.
3 " Direct jump " type pH‑ Real‑time change curve of titration volume
Figure E. p
4 " H Jump " Multiple first‑order differential peaks in " S " type pH‑ Real‑time change curve of titration volume
13