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GD & T Question

GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) is a universal language used to define the size, shape, and relationships of a part's features. There are five main tolerance types in GD&T: form, profile, orientation, location, and runout. Datums are theoretical reference features used to establish relationships between toleranced features. Modifiers like MMC and LMC provide additional tolerance by controlling features at their maximum or minimum material conditions.

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430 views5 pages

GD & T Question

GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) is a universal language used to define the size, shape, and relationships of a part's features. There are five main tolerance types in GD&T: form, profile, orientation, location, and runout. Datums are theoretical reference features used to establish relationships between toleranced features. Modifiers like MMC and LMC provide additional tolerance by controlling features at their maximum or minimum material conditions.

Uploaded by

Ravisatya Dasam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.What is GD&T?

Universal language to define the size, shape, relationship between the surface and total
allowable variation of a part.
2.What is datum?

it is a theoretical one it would be line face of plane, used to create a relationship between intrinsic
feature and existing accurate future.

3.what is implied datum?

An implied datum is an unspecified datum in the detail of drawing

NO DATUM

As per ASME Y14.5M 1982 standard we were not supposed to give


implied datum.

4.What are diff erent types of GD&T Tolerances?

Here are the Five types of Geometric Tolerance and 14 symbols used to define a part design intent
accurately.

1. Form Control
 Straightness
 Flatness
 Circularity
 Cylindricity
2. Profile Control
 Profile of a Line Control
 Profile of a Surface Control
3. Orientation Control
 Parallelism
 Angularity
 Perpendicularity
4. Location
 Position
 Concentricity
 Symmetry
5. Runout
 Circular Runout
 Total Runout
5.What is the diff erence between straightness and Flatness?

Both Straightness and flatness are types of form control tolerances. Straightness controls a condition
where all elements of a surface or an axis of a feature lies in a straight line. Whereas Flatness
controls the variations in flat surface, regardless of any datum feature.

6.What is the diff erence between Circularity and Cylindricity in GD & T?

Both Circularity and Cylindricity are a type of form control tolerance. Circularity is used to control
roundness of a circular feature in two-dimensional tolerance zone. Whereas Cylindricity is used to
control the roundness of a circular feature in a 3-dimensional.

7.Why Profi le control tolerances are used in GD & T?

Profile of Line and Profile of Surface control tolerance is used to control the complex profile of a
feature. For example, as shown above part profile cannot be controlled using linear dimensions.

8.Does perpendicularity and angularity control in GD & T controls the angle of


a feature?

Axis Perpendicularity Tolerance Zone

No, Perpendicularity and angularity controls the deviation of a feature from required values. As
shown above hole axis can deviate by 0.1 mm from the original position.
9.What are diff erent Modifi ers are used in GD & T?

10.Why LMC and MMC modifi ers are used in GD & T?

LMC and MMC are used to provide bonus tolerance to the feature of a part.

11.What is feature control frame in GD & T?

Feature control frame in GD&T is used to define GD&T tolerance conditions applied to a feature.
Generally, it includes GD&T tolerance control symbol, reference datum plane, tolerance value and
GD&T modifiers.

12.What is the tolerance zone for GD&T perpendicularity tolerance?

When GD&T perpendicularity tolerance is applied over surface, tolerance zone will be two parallel
surfaces, planes or lines perpendicular to datum plane. All points on the controlled surfaces should
lie within these limits.

Whereas when applied to an axis. Tolerance zone will be a cylinder boundary around a true axis. All
points of the axis of controlled feature must lie within this cylindrical boundary.
13.How to measure perpendicularity tolerance?

When applied to surface, perpendicularity tolerance can be measured in following ways:

1. Square Ruler Block and Surface Gauge.


2. Dial Gauge
3. CMM or VMM machine.
Whereas when applied to and axis Go-No go gauges are the best and easiest way to measure
perpendicularity of a hole or Pin.

14.What are the applicati ons of circularity tolerance in GD&T?

Circularity tolerance can be applied to cylindrical, conical or spherical surfaces. Circularity tolerance
in gd&t is used where a section of the part is critical only. For example, circularity is used to control
bearing inner diameter and shaft outer diameter. It helps in providing more flexibility to the
manufacturer while solving the purpose.

15.Why Runout tolerance is used?

Runout tolerance is used to control the total variation in a circular or cylindrical feature when the
part is rotated about the true datum axis. Circular runout and total runout are applied to rotating
shafts such as drill bits, shafts, vehicle axles, engine transmission parts etc.

16.What are virtual conditi ons in GD&T?

Virtual conditions in GD&T are used to define the condition of a feature when MMC or LMC is
applied.

Virtual Condition = MMC – Geometric Tolerance

17.What do you understand by MMC and LMC modifi ers?

MMC stands for Maximum material condition whereas LMC stands for Least Material Condition. For
a hole, Smaller size of the hole means hole is at MMC whereas larger size of hole means, hole is at
LMC.

For a shaft, larger size of the shaft means the shaft is at MMC whereas smaller size of shaft means
the shaft is at LMC. 

18.Why MMC is preferred while applying gd&t tolerance?

MMC is used in GD&T to provide additional tolerance.

19.What is a typical applicati on of LMC?

LMC is used to control the size and position of a hole and the thickness of a material. For example,
LMC is used to control part thickness to ensure a part is having a sufficient strength in least material
conditions.

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