HABOC, MARIA BELINDA

IGARTA, ROSELYN T.
BSA 2A

AE 117 – Governance, Business Ethics, Risk Management, and Internal Control

SCOTT JASON P. LLANES, DBA
INSTRUCTOR

TOPIC: FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & THE 2030

AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Four fundamental Principle of Sustainable Development agreed by the world community

are:
1. Principle of Intergenerational equity: need to preserve natural resources for the
future generations.
 The principle of inter-generational equity pre-supposes the right of each
generation of human beings to benefit from cultural and natural resources of the
past generation as well as the ‘obligation’ to preserve such heritage for future
generations. The principle emphasizes on conservation of biodiversity resources
and of the renewable sources like forests, water, soil etc.
2. Principle of sustainable use: use of natural resources in a prudent manner without
or with minimum tolerable impact on nature.
 This principle requires that earth's natural resources should be carefully used in
such a way that they may be conserved and enhanced for the future generation. It
must be borne in mind that natural resources are already depleting due to poverty,
over- population, urbanization, industrialization etc. and there is likely to be
acute shortage of these resources in future. Therefore, there is dire need to
develop techniques and technologies which may need minimal utilization of
natural resources.
3. Principle of equitable use or intra-generational equity: Use of natural resources by
any state country must take into account its impact on other states.
 The principle of sustainable development seeks to harmonies the conflict
between development which may be industrial, economic or social, and right to
healthy environment. In other words, the balance between environmental
protection and developmental activities could only be maintained by strictly
adhering to the principle of sustainable development.
4. Principle of integration: Environmental aspects and impacts of socio-economic
activities should be integrated so that prudent use of natural resources is ensured.
 The principle of integration in the Delhi Declaration functions as “a conceptual
framework for “integrated thinking” in international law relating to sustainable
development, which can guide consideration of other principles” [27] (p. 4). This
is to view sustainable development as an objective to be met. This justifies the
principle of integration from the Delhi Declaration being subsumed within the
confines of sustainable development. This is the view put forth by Sands [28]
(pp. 336–347) who stressed that international law in the field of sustainable
development “point to a body of principles and rules drawn from traditional
approaches, evolutionary rather than revolutionary, contributing incrementally to
the law and legal process.
 THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
As we rapidly approach the 8.5 billion
people on Earth expected by 2030, sustainable
development challenges, such as inequality and
extreme poverty, climate change, and trust in
business and government, pose challenges for
societies, economies, organizations, and financial
markets. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) represent the means to sustain people,
planet, and prosperity to 2030, and include a clear
call for partnerships between the public, private,
and voluntary sectors to address these challenges.

Before the Agenda 2030 was introduced,

Agenda 21 was one of several agenda items for the 1992 United Nations Conference on
Environment & Development in Rio de Janeiro.

The agenda included 31 items addressing global social and economic dimensions;
conservation and resource management; role strengthening for women, children and workers, as
well as proposed methods of implementation.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a resolution adopted by the U.N.
General Assembly in 2015 that is focused around achieving 17 goals within 15 years:

1. Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and
reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and
other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters

 Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of

sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order
to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in
particular least developed countries, to implement programs and policies
to end poverty in all its dimensions

 Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and

international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive
development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty
eradication actions
2. Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture
 End hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in
vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all
year around. Double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale
food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers,
pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other
productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and
opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment.

3. Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from

hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
  Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as
appropriate

 Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines

for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily
affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential
medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the
TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of
developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement
on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding
flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to
medicines for all

 Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment,

development, training and retention of the health workforce in
developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small
island developing States
 Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing
countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national
and global health risks

4. Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong
learning opportunities for all

 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to
promote sustainable development, including, among others, through
education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human
rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence,
global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture
contribution to sustainable development

 Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and
gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective
learning environments for all

 By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships

available to developing countries, in particular least developed
countries, small island developing States and African countries, for
enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and
information and communications technology, technical, engineering
and scientific programs, in developed countries and other developing
countries

 By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers,

including through international cooperation for teacher training in
developing countries, especially least developed countries and small
island developing States

5. Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive

rights as agreed in accordance with the Program of Action of the International
Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for
Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences
  Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic
resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and
other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural
resources, in accordance with national laws

 Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information

and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of
women
 Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation
for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all
women and girls at all levels

6. Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation

for all

 By 2030, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains,

forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes

 By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building

support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related
activities and programs, including water harvesting, desalination, water
efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
 Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in
improving water and sanitation management

7. Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for
all

 By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy

research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and
advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy
infrastructure and clean energy technology
 By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for
supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing
countries, in particular least developed countries, small island
developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance
with their respective programs of support\

8. Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for all

 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and

expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all

 Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in

particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced
Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least
Developed Countries

 By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth

employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International
Labor Organization
9. Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization and foster innovation

 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial

sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030,
encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and
development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and
development spending

 Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in

developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and
technical support to African countries, least developed countries,
landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

 Support domestic technology development, research and

innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive
policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value
addition to commodities
 Significantly increase access to information and communications
technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the
Internet in least developed countries by 2020

10. Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of

people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed
migration policies

 Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for

developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in
accordance with World Trade Organization agreements

 Encourage official development assistance and financial flows,

including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest,
in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island
developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance
with their national plans and programs
 By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of
migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher
than 5 per cent

11. Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable

 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and
public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons
with disabilities

 Support positive economic, social and environmental links

between urban, per-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and
regional development planning

 By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human

settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans
towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to
climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in
 line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030,
holistic disaster risk management at all levels
 Support least developed countries, including through financial and
technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings
utilizing local materials

12. Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and
awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature

 Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and

technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of
consumption and production

 Develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development

impacts for sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local
culture and products
 Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage
wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance
with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and
phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their
environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and
conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse
impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the
affected communities

13. Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on
climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
 Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal
of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to
address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful
mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully
operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as
possible
 Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate
change-related planning and management in least developed countries and
small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and
local and marginalized communities
 * Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change is the primary international, intergovernmental forum for
negotiating the global response to climate change.

14. Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources
for sustainable development

 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and
least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources,
including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
  Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and
transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of
Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance
the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of
developing countries, in particular small island developing States and
least developed countries

 Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources

and markets

 Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their

resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS,
which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable
use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The
Future We Want

15. Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss

 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local
planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts

 `Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all

sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems

 Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to

finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives
to developing countries to advance such management, including for
conservation and reforestation
 Enhance global support for efforts to combat poaching and
trafficking of protected species, including by increasing the capacity of
local communities to pursue sustainable livelihood opportunities

16. Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,
provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels

 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in

accordance with national legislation and international agreements

 Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through

international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular
in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and
crime
 Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for
sustainable development

17. Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development
 Finance
 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through
international support to developing countries, to improve domestic
capacity for tax and other revenue collection
 Technology
 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and
international cooperation on and access to science, technology and
innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms,
including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in
particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology
facilitation mechanism
 Capacity-building
 Enhance international support for implementing effective and
targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national
plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including
through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation
 Trade
 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, non-discriminatory and
equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization,
including through the conclusion of negotiations under its Doha
Development Agenda
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Edited, compiled, prepared and researched by:

Igarta, Roselyn T.
Haboc, Maria Belinda
BSA 2A