Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial - Dumaguete Science High School: Prepared By: Miss Kassandra Venzuelo

Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial – Dumaguete Science High School
Prepared By: Miss Kassandra Venzuelo

1.7
Polyhedrons
Objectives:
a) define and classify polyhedrons;

b) identify the different polyhedrons;
c) solver for the surface area of given
polyhedrons.
.
Mathematical Ideas
Space Figures
Space figures are geometric figures which are three-dimensional. These are called solids. Models of solids are
boxes, cans, balls, and pyramids.
Polyhedron
A polyhedron is a solid bounded by flat surfaces that form polygons. The flat surfaces formed by polygons and
their interior are called faces. Faces intersect at line segments called edges. Two or more edges intersect at a
point called vertex.
The polyhedron at the left has 4 faces, 6 edges and 4

vertices. It is called a tetrahedron.
Types of polyhedron
Regular Polyhedron
A regular polyhedron is made up of regular polygons. Such solids are also known as ‘platonic solids’
Irregular polyhedron
An irregular polyhedron is formed by polygons of different shapes where all the components are not the same.
This means that all the sides of an irregular polyhedron are not equal.
Prism
A prism is a polyhedron whose bases are congruent and
parallel and whose lateral faces are parallelograms. The
prism at the left has 2 bases and 4 lateral faces.
Cube
A cube is a regular prism because it is bounded

by a regular polygon (square) and all its angles
are right angles.
Rectangular Solid
A rectangular solid is the most common type

of right prism. It is bounded by rectangles
whose corners are right angles.
Pyramid
A pyramid is a polyhedron with a polygon as base and triangles as lateral faces. The most common pyramids
are those with triangles, squares, and rectangles as bases.
Cylinder
A cylinder is a solid whose bases are congruent circles. A right
circular cylinder is a cylinder whose altitude is a segment that is
perpendicular to the base and has an endpoint in each base.
The radius of the base is also the radius of the cylinder. The length
of an altitude is the height of the cylinder. If the body of the cylinder
is spread out, it becomes a rectangle.
A base is a side of a polygon or a face of a polyhedron, particularly
one oriented perpendicular to the direction in which height is
measured, or on what is considered to be the "bottom" of the figure.
Cone
A cone is a solid with a circle as base and all line

segments from the circle meet at a point called the
vertex. A right circular cone is a cone whose
altitude(height) is a segment that is perpendicular to
the base.
Any segment that joins the vertex to a point on the
circle is a slant height of the cone.
Sphere
A radius of a sphere is a segment whose endpoints are the

center and a point on the sphere.
A chord of a sphere is a segment whose endpoints are points
on the sphere.
A diameter of a sphere is a segment that contains the center,
and whose endpoints are points on the sphere.
A tangent to a sphere is a line that intersects the sphere in
exactly one point.
Surface Area
Surface area is defined as the sum of the areas of the outer surfaces of a solid. These outer surfaces is known as
faces.
Surface Area of a Cube
In words, the surface area of a cube is the area of the six squares that cover it. The area
of one of them is s*s, or s² . Since these are all the same, you can multiply one of them by six, so the surface
area of a cube is 6 times one of the sides squared.
Example:
Find the surface area of a cube, the lateral faces of which are bounded by a length of 5 cm.
SA = 6s²
= 6(5)²
= 150 cm²
Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism
All the surfaces of a prism are rectangular. This

makes calculating the areas of these surfaces very
easy to do.
As the diagram indicates, there are six surfaces to
a rectangular prism. There is a front, back, top,
bottom, left, and right to every rectangular prism. The
surface are of a prism is nothing more than the sum
of all the areas of these rectangles.
The surface area of a rectangular prism is the Area of 2 bases + Sum of the areas of the lateral faces.
Example:
Find the surface area of a rectangular prism whose length is 7 cm, width is 4 cm and thickness is 5 cm.
Solution:
2 bases 2(7 × 4) = 56 cm²
2 side faces 2(4 × 5) = 40 cm²

110 cm²
2 front and back faces 2(7 × 5) = 70 cm²
166 cm²
Surface Area of a Square Pyramid
To find the surface area of a square pyramid, add the area of

the square base and the areas of the four face triangles.
𝑏 𝑠
𝑆𝐴 𝐵 ( )
It is the Area of the square base + Area of 4 triangles.
Example:
Find the surface area of square pyramid with a side of the base as 3 cm and the height of a triangle as 5 cm.
Solution:
( )
( )
= 9 + 2(15)
= 39 cm²
Surface Area of a Cylinder
The term cylinder refers to a right cylinder. Like a right

prism, its altitude is perpendicular to the bases and has an
endpoint in each base.
To find the surface area of a right circular cylinder, add the
areas of the circular bases and the area of the rectangular
region which is the body of the cylinder.
SA = Arae of 2 Circular Bases + Area of a Rectangle
𝑺𝑨 𝟐𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝟐𝝅𝒓𝒉 𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝑨 𝟐𝝅𝒓(𝒓 𝒉)
Example:
Find the surface area of a cylinder which has a radius of 5 cm and a body length of 20 cm. (Use 3.14 for .)
Solution:
= 2(3.14)(5)² + 2(3.14)(5)(20)
= 2(3.14)(25) +2(3.14)(100)
= (6.28)(25) + (6.28)(100)
= 157 + 628
= 785 cm²
Surface Area of a Cone

To find the surface area of the right circular cone, add the
areas of the base which is a circle, and the curved surface
which resembles a rectangular region.
𝑆𝐴 𝜋𝑟 𝜋𝑟𝑠
Example:
Find the surface area of a cone if the radius of its base is 3.5 cm and its slant height is 7.25. (Use =3.14.)
Solution:
= (3.14)(3.5)² + (3.14)(3.5)(7.25)
= (3.14)(12.25) + (10.99)(7.25)
= 38.465 + 79.6775
= 118.1425 cm²
Surface Area of a Sphere
A sphere is a solid where every point of its surface is equally distant

from its center. This distance is the length of the radius of the sphere.
The surface area of a sphere:
𝑺𝑨 𝟒𝝅𝒓
Example:
What is the surface area of a ball with radius equal to 6 cm? (Use =3.14.)
Solution:
= 4(3.14)(6)²
= (12.56)(36)
= 452.16 cm²

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Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial – Dumaguete Science High School

Prepared By: Miss Kassandra Venzuelo

a) define and classify polyhedrons;

The polyhedron at the left has 4 faces, 6 edges and 4

A cube is a regular prism because it is bounded

A rectangular solid is the most common type

A cone is a solid with a circle as base and all line

A radius of a sphere is a segment whose endpoints are the

Surface Area of a Cube

Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism

All the surfaces of a prism are rectangular. This

2 bases 2(7 × 4) = 56 cm²

2 side faces 2(4 × 5) = 40 cm²

Surface Area of a Square Pyramid

To find the surface area of a square pyramid, add the area of

The term cylinder refers to a right cylinder. Like a right

Surface Area of a Cone

Surface Area of a Sphere

A sphere is a solid where every point of its surface is equally distant

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