Grade 10 UNIT 10: MATRICES I WORKSHEET

Name: ___________________________________ Date: ____________________

Objectives:

1. Define a matrix.
2. Add, subtract and multiply matrices.
3. Solve problems involving equivalent matrices.
4. Identify a singular matrix as a matrix with a determinant of zero.
5. Calculate the inverse of 2×2 matrix.

Order of a Matrix

 A matrix is an array of numbers or letters arranged in rows and columns.

 The SIZE of a matrix is determined by detailing the number of rows followed by the number of
columns.

Activity 1: (Matrix sizes)

1. Write down the sizes of the following:

9 -2
5 -1 2 -7
2 0 A= B= C =3 8 D=
-6 3 4 12
3 6

…………….. ……………… ..…..………… ……………….

2 4 -3 -4 5 1 -2
E= F= G= H= 2 6 I=
3 9 1 -2 -3 -3 -3

…………… ………….. …………... …………. ……………

Addition and subtraction of matrices

 This is only possible when the matrices are of the same size.

Activity 2: (Add and Subtract Matrices)

1. Where possible, work out:

a) E + G b) G + E c) F + E d) F + H

................................... ................................. ............................ ..........................

e) A + B f) D + H g) C + F h) G + I

………………………… …………………….. ……………………… ………………..

i) (E + G) + I j) E + (G + I)

……………………………………………… …………………………………………………
 k) Is matrix addition commutative? Give reason for your answer: ……………………

l) Is matrix addition associative? ………………………………………………………...

2. a) Explain the rule for subtracting matrices: ……………………………………………

b) Where possible, find:
i) G – I ii) I – G iii) E – A iv) F – D

……………… ………………… ………………………. …………………..

v) E - I vi) E + I – G

…………………………………………… …………………………………………………..

Scalar multiplication

 Use the scalar to multiply each term in the matrix.

Activity3: (Scalar multiplication)

12 8 -3 2 1 2 4
W = X= Y= Z=

4 0 1 -1 0 1 6

1 3
1. Find: (a) 2W = b) 3Y + Z d) 4Z – W
2 4

……………………………… ……………………………… …………………………………

Equivalent Matrices

 Corresponding elements of equivalent matrices are equal.

Eg: Given that, w 7 2 3 2y+1 2 find x, y & z.

2 3 5 = 2 3 z-4

2x 1 4 8 1 4

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Activity4: (Equivalent matrices)

1. Find the value of each letter in the following matrices:

e 2 3 -2 10 -2
a) 2 7 8 = a 16 b) + 2 =
f -3 f g -12 6

4 -3 8 b

…………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………

0 h 1 2 k 14 2x 5 4 1
c) h - = d) = 5
i -3 3 j 5 -12 z-3 y2 -1 20

……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………..

Matrix Multiplication

 A pair of matrices can be multiplied only if they are compatible.

 To check compatibility, write down the sizes of the matrices involved. If the two ‘inside
numbers’ are the same, then multiplication is possible (ie matrices are compatible).
 If the two matrices can be multiplied, then the two ‘outside numbers’ gives the size of the answer
matrix.

NB**: To multiply matrices, you have to multiply the rows of the first matrix by the columns of the
second matrix (ie. Row by Column).
1 3
Examples: 1. 3 2 5 2. 3 2 -3 -1 3. 3 2 4
2 -2
4 1 -2
4 5 5 6 5 -3 0
4 5

........................................................ ……………………………… …………………..…………..

Activity5: (Matrix multiplication)

2 3 1 5 -3 -1 -3
A= B= C= D= E= 4 5
4 0 7 -2 5 6 2

1. Indicate whether the following matrix products are compatible or incompatible:

a) AC: ………………………………….. b) EB: ……………………..…………..

b) BC: ………………………………….. d) DC: ………………………………….

c) EA: ………………………………….. f) BD: …………………………………..

 2. Calculate:
a) CD b) AD c) C2

…………………………………… ……………………………… ………………………

d) AB e) ED f) DE

……………………………………. ………………………………. ……………………………….

3. Calculate:
a) BC b) CB

..................................................................... .................................................................

c) (AB)C d) A(BC)

.................................... ............................................. ........................................................................

4. Use answers from question3 to determine if matrix multiplication is:

a) Commutative? ………………….

Reason?........................................................................................................................................

b) Associative? …………………….

Reason? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Determinant of a 2×2 matrix

 In general, the determinant of a matrix [ ac bd ] is given by : ad - bc.

Activity6: (Matrix determinant)

1. Find the determinant of the following matrices:

2 4 -9 2 -4 5 5 -4

2 10 3 1 -5 3
-2 -3
 ...……………… .....…………….. ………………….. …………………
2 3
2. The value of the determinant of M = is 9. Find the value of x
-1 x

……………………….…………………………………………………………………………..

Activity7: (Singular matrix)

 The determinant of a singular matrix equals zero.

 Singular matrices, therefore, have no inverse.

Example: Find the values of x, given that the matrices below are singular.

1) x 9 2) 10 2x 3) 3 2 4) x 9

2 6 3 3 x+2 4 4 x

……………………... ……………..……… ….…………………….. …………………….

5 4
5) If is a singular matrix, calculate the value of m:
m-1 6

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3 5p
6) Z is the matrix a) Write down, in terms of p, the determinant of Z: …...……………………
3
15 p

b) Calculate the values of p which make the matrix singular:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Finding the Adjoint of 2x2 Matrices

 Interchange the elements of the main diagonal and

 change the sign (ie. negate) of the other two elements.

Main diagonal
4 7 -2 4
Example: Find the Adjoint for: (a) (b)
2 3 -1 6
……………………………………………… ……………………………………………

Finding the Inverse of a 2×2 Matrix

1
 INVERSE = [ Adjoint ]
Det .

4 2
Example: Find the inverse, A-1, of the matrix: A=
-5 3

Step 1: Calculate the determinant …………………………………………………………

Step 2: Find the Adjoint ………………………………………………………………..

Step 3: Multiply the Adjoint by one over the determinant

………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..

Activity8: (Inverse matrix)

1
 Inverse = [ Adjoint ]
Det .

4 2
Example: Find the inverse, A-1, of the matrix: A=
-5 3

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Find the Inverse of the following matrices:

2 3 -4 6 2 5
a) A = b) B = c) C =
2 1 -2 3 4 7

……………..................................... ..……………………………. ……………..…….……….

d) Show by calculation that the product of A-1A = (10 01)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 e) Write down the meaning of the matrix statement AA-1 = I

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1 4
2. Find the inverse of the matrix
2 1

…………………………………………….………………………………………………………

ii) Hence, determine the value for a, b, c, and d in the matrix equation:
1 4 a b = 4 13

2 1 c d 8 5

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

NB1* Singular matrix has a determinant of zero and therefore has no inverse.

1 0
NB2* A matrix multiplied by its inverse equals the Unit Matrix/Identity Matrix
0 1
 The Unit Matrix has the effect of 1 in multiplication.

Work out (proof): 4 3 1 0

-1 5 0 1

…………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Grade 10 MATRICES II WORKSHEET

Name: ___________________________________ Date:_____________________

Objectives:

1. Use matrices to solve simultaneous equations.

2. Solve problems involving matrix applications.

Using Matrices to solve Simultaneous Equations

Example: Use a matrix method to solve the pair of simultaneous equations:

2x + 3y = 21 and 5x - y = 10

Step 1: Convert the equations to matrix form; (AX=B)

………….……………………………………..

Step 2: Calculate the inverse and multiply both sides of the equations by it; (A -1 AX= A-1 B)
1 0
Since AA-1= I, and I= therefore X= A-1B
0 1

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(check your answer in equations above)………………………………………………………………….

Activity9: (Simultaneous equations)

1. Use matrix method to solve:

(a) 5x + 3y =51 (b) 5x - 3y =18
3x - 5y = 51 -5x - y = 14
 2. i) Write the equations: 4x + 2y = 10
-6x - 2y = 18,

in matrix form CX = D: ……………………………………………………

ii) Pre-multiply both sides of the matrix equation above by C -1, and hence solve for x and y

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2 5
3. Given that M =
7 15

i) Show that M is a non-singular matrix: ……………………………………………….

ii) Write down the inverse of M:

….…………………………………………………………………………………………….

iii) Show that MM-1 = I:

................................................................................................................................................

Application of Matrices

 Matrices can be used to solve real-life problems.

Activity10: (Matrix application)

1. In a competition, 3 points are awarded for winning a match, 0 points if the match was lost, and 1
point for a draw.
The results of seven matches played by 3 teams, J, K and L are:
Team J won 3, lost 1, and drew 3; Team K won 2, lost 4 and drew 1; Team L won 3, lost 2, and
drew 2.
 i) Write a column matrix to represent the points awarded for win, lose and draw. Name the
matrix P:

…………………………………………………………………..........…………………….

ii) Write a 3x3 matrix, R, to represent the results of the matches played by the three teams
(arranged in rows for each team)

…………………………………………….………………………………………………
iii) Write down a matrix product which can be used to find the number of points each team
was awarded at the end of the competition.

………………………………………………………………………………………

iv) Using your matrix product, calculate the total points awarded to each team.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The table shows the types and number of drinks which Mary and Jane buy each week.

Malt Soda Sorrel

Mary 5 3 6
Jane 2 2 4

i) Show this information as a 2 x 3 matrix. Name the matrix P: …………………………

ii) Given that the cost of Malt is $2.00, Soda is $1.50 and Sorrel $3.00, write a column
matrix Q to represent the cost of the drinks:

……………………………………………………………………………………….…

iii) Calculate the matrix product PQ:

 ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
iv) What information is given by EACH number in the resulting matrix?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

CSEC Practice Questions