‫ى‬‫م‬‫ول ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫رات و‬

‫ت‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬
archaeologist ‫ر‬‫ آ‬ workhouse  pros and cons ‫ب‬‫ و‬‫ا‬ lungs ‫ن‬‫ا‬
astronaut ‫ء‬ ‫را‬ tell lies ‫ب‬ take to  ‫د‬ pollute ‫ث‬
expert on  tell the truth ‫ل ا‬ solve  pollution ‫ث‬
famous for ‫ر‬ cell  members ‫ء‬‫أ‬ route  / ‫ط‬
geologist   memory ‫ة‬‫ذا‬ population ‫ن‬‫اد ا‬ take over  
headmistress ‫ة‬‫ظ‬‫م‬ pain ‫ و‬/ ‫أ‬ improve  traffic jam ‫ور‬‫ ا‬‫ازد‬
jewellery ‫ات‬ painful  candle  vegetable oil ‫د م‬‫و‬
medicine ‫ دواء‬/ ‫ط‬ password ‫ور‬‫ ا‬ bare ‫ء‬  / ‫ري‬ recharge  
photography ‫ا‬ senses ‫اس‬ benefit  /  vehicles ‫ت‬
professional ‫ف‬ power ‫ة‬ dig  electricity ‫ء‬‫ا‬
soil ‫را‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬ powerful ‫ي‬ hay  /  lead to ‫دى إ‬
satellite   repeat ‫ر‬ hop ‫ة‬‫ وا‬‫ ر‬  advertisement ‫ن‬‫إ‬
space ‫ء‬‫ا‬ complex  lock  / /  cleanliness ‫م‬
surgeon ‫اح‬ temperature ‫ارة‬‫ ا‬‫در‬ pleasant ‫ر‬ disease ‫ض‬
underground  / ‫رض‬‫ ا‬ analyse  plot ‫ أرض‬ bath 
high school  ‫ر‬ incredible ‫ق‬  rhyme  bathe 
remote sensing   ‫ر‬‫ ا‬control /   rhythm ‫ع‬‫إ‬ outbreak ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ام‬
award  / ‫ة‬ breath ‫م‬ silly ‫ أ‬sanitation ‫ ا‬‫ا‬
education  breathe  swing ‫ أر‬hygiene ‫ ا‬‫ا‬
useful  breathing ‫ا‬ treasure  infected ‫ث‬ / ‫وى‬ ‫ب‬

useless ‫ه‬‫ ا‬ digestion ‫ا‬ verse ‫ي‬  infection ‫وى‬
heavy rain   guess  barrow ‫ة‬‫ وا‬  infectious ‫وى‬ 
medicine ‫ا‬ ‫درا‬ / ‫دواء‬ hearing ‫ا‬ lock  /  germ 
grow up  touch ‫ ا‬ /  poem ‫ة‬ fly ‫ذ‬
interested in   taste ‫وق‬‫ ا‬ / ‫وق‬ poems  flu ‫ا‬‫م‬‫م‬‫ض ا‬
thank…..for   repeat ‫ر‬ poet  bird flu ‫ر‬‫ا ا‬‫م‬‫إم‬
thanks to  sight ‫ ا‬ poetry ‫ ا‬poison  / 
find out  / ‫ف‬ smell ‫ ا‬ /  gardener  poisonous 
novel ‫ روا‬pain ‫ا‬ gravel  /‫ة‬ attract ‫ه‬‫ب ام‬
ceiling  useful ‫م‬ /  wise  attractive ‫اب‬
character  useless ‫ه‬‫ ا‬ unfriendly ‫ ودود‬ avoid 
choice ‫ر‬‫ ا‬rural ‫ر‬ describe  dirt ‫ارة‬
cracked ‫وخ‬ urban ‫م‬ / ‫ي‬ clarification  dirty ‫ر‬
cricket ‫ر ا‬ census ‫ن‬‫اد ا‬ debt ‫ د‬cough 
employer ‫ ا‬ earthquake ‫ال‬‫ز‬ exhaust fumes ‫رات‬‫ا‬ ‫اد‬ boil 
fail  governorate  airbag ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬‫ و‬condition 
journalist  graph ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ battery ‫ر‬ lying ‫ة‬
moral ‫ى‬ /  massive  breathe  obvious ‫وا‬
plaster  / ‫ء‬‫ ط‬national  design  obviously ‫ح‬
factory  nationality  designer ّُ financial 
get in debt ‫ر‬ /  outskirts ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ efficiently ‫ءة‬ patron ‫ راع‬/ ‫ل‬
prison / jail  percent ‫ ا‬ empty ‫رغ‬ capture 
be rewarded ‫ء‬ percentage ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ fuel ‫د‬‫ و‬wander ‫ل‬
earn money ‫ل‬  plan  hard-working  glove maker ‫زات‬ ‫م‬
sight ‫ ا‬ questionnaire ‫ن‬‫ا‬ inspect  /  theatre ‫ح‬
prison  researchers ‫ن‬ inspector  /  playwright  

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١ The legend

employer ‫ظ‬ / ‫ ا‬terrible  replacement  actor 
hearth  shock  environment ‫ ا‬actress 
blind ‫ ا‬solution  expect  artist ‫ن‬

famous for  ‫ر‬ run on  ‫ور‬ make it easier ‫ ا‬
succeed in   run out  /  Health problems  
expert in(on / at)   run out of     earn money  
thanks to  run away ‫ب‬ do wrong 
bring back  / ‫د‬ run into   tell the truth ‫ق‬‫ل ا‬
get into debt ‫ ا‬  fill with  ‫ء‬ have a choice ‫ر‬ 
Belong to ‫ ا‬ /  blame…..for ...... feel pain  
be in trouble ‫زق‬  ‫ن‬ blame…….on ...  keep fit   
owe ……… to  .....  Depend on   make a list  
terrible at   suffer from  ‫م‬ complete a form ‫رة‬‫ ا‬
useful for   cover with   lead a….life .......‫ة‬ 
different from   die of  ‫ت‬ solve a problem  
Kind/good to  ‫ف‬ Pass from…to ‫ ا‬..  Follow rules ‫ا‬‫ ا‬
hear of ‫ف‬ /  careful about ‫ص‬  as soon as   ‫ع‬
possible
hear from  ‫ر‬‫ ا‬ land on   get better 
borrow….from   live on   Replacement for ‫ ل‬
lend….to   / ‫ض‬ live in   Provide for ‫ ل‬
take….out ‫ج‬ go on holiday ‫زة‬‫ ا‬  Catch a disease ‫ض‬ ‫ب‬
enable….to ُ send away ‫د‬ Go wrong ‫ط‬  
move to ‫ ا‬ congratulate….on  ‫ء‬ under control ‫ة‬‫ ا‬
take to  / ‫د‬ reason for   Take power ‫ ا‬
answer to  ‫ا‬ communicate with  ‫ا‬ Obvious to ‫ ل‬‫وا‬
plan to   carry out  Make sure 
difficult for   put….away  Put on weight ‫داد وزم‬
increase to ‫داد ا‬ profit from   Food shortage ‫ ا‬‫م‬
increase in  ‫دة‬‫ز‬ lead to ‫دى ا‬ In conflict ‫اع‬  
increase by ‫ار‬ ‫دة‬‫ز‬ result in ‫دى ا‬ Make use of 
benefit from   result from   For and against  ‫ او‬
important for   plan for   Home to ‫وى ل‬/ ‫ ل‬‫ط‬

 ‫ت‬‫ز‬
Look for   Look forward to ‫ ا‬
Look after ‫ ب‬ Look up ‫س‬    
Look like  Look out ‫س‬
look at ‫ ا‬ Look into  ‫ ا‬

Work for  ‫ او‬ ‫ ل‬ Work with  

Work out  / ()  Work on ‫ر‬ /

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢ The legend

make a discovery  make a decision ‫ر‬ make a ‫ى ا‬
call
make a question ‫ل‬ make a trip   make a 
prediction
make a journey   make a plan  make offers ‫وض‬ 
make a suggestion ‫ح‬ make friends ‫ت‬‫ا‬  Make a noise ‫ء‬ 
make a promise  make a mistake  Make a comment 

do research    do a favour ‫و‬  do census ‫ء‬‫ ا‬ 
do homework ‫ا‬‫ ا‬ do shopping ‫ق‬ do a project ‫وع‬ 
do exercise ‫ر‬  do his best ‫ه‬ ‫رى‬ ‫ل‬ do damage ‫ر‬‫ د‬/ 
do work   do a quiz    do exam ‫ن‬‫دى ا‬
do a job ‫ظ‬  do a course ‫ر‬ ‫رس‬ do something   

take off  /  take care of  

take after  take part ‫رك‬
take away ‫ا‬  take place ‫ث‬
take up   take to  ‫د‬
take in ‫ع‬ /  take over ‫ ا‬

catch a ball ‫ة‬‫ ا‬ catch a criminal ‫ ا‬ 

catch a bus ‫ ا‬ catch a disease ‫ض‬ ‫ب‬
catch a train ‫ر‬‫ ا‬ catch cold ‫د‬ ‫ب‬
catch a flight ‫ة‬‫ ا‬ catch flu ‫ا‬‫م‬‫م‬ ‫ب‬

get away  / ‫ب‬ get out ‫ل‬ /‫ج‬

(‫ت‬‫ا‬)  ‫ل‬   / 
get off get over
get on  get up 
get to = arrive at ‫ ا‬ get on well with  

lose a ball ‫ة‬‫ ا‬ lose a race ‫ق‬‫ ا‬

lose a criminal ‫ ا‬ lose weight  .‫ وزن‬
lose a match ‫راة‬  lose his life  

miss a ball ‫ة‬‫ ا‬ miss a match ‫راة‬ 

miss a bus ‫ ا‬ miss a train ‫ر‬‫ ا‬
miss a flight ‫ة‬   miss a person  

keep on   keep up with ‫رى‬ / 

keep out of   keep in 
keep off   / keep animals ‫ت‬‫ام‬ 

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣ The legend

 ‫؟‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬  
:‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
. ‫ع‬ ‫ب او‬ ‫ات و‬ ‫ او‬ ‫ او‬‫ع ا‬   ‫ل‬‫ع ا‬    ‫و‬‫ة ا‬‫ا‬-١
‫ ا‬  ‫ او‬ ‫ دون‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ء‬‫ و‬‫ ا‬‫ ور‬  ‫ ا‬ ‫دة‬    -٢
.‫ع‬‫ ا‬  ‫ن‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ او‬‫ او ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫دة‬‫ ا‬ ‫ام‬
. ‫ص‬‫ ا‬ ً ‫ و‬‫ ا‬  ‫ل‬‫ان ا‬ ‫ ا‬-٣
.‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ ا‬ ‫دل‬     ‫ أول‬ indentation ‫د‬  ‫ك‬‫ ا‬-٤
.‫ ا‬ ‫وا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬‫ وا‬. full stop  ‫ء ا‬‫م‬ ‫ و‬capital letter  ً‫ دا‬ ‫أ‬‫ ا‬-٥
.‫ع‬ ‫ة ا‬‫ ا‬    ‫ي‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ أي‬topic sentence   ‫أ‬‫ ا‬-٦
‫ ا‬  ‫ك‬  ‫و‬.‫ى‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ وا‬ ‫ك‬‫ ا‬-٧
. ١٥٠      ‫ أن‬‫ن و‬‫ر ا‬   -٨
‫ م‬ ‫ة‬‫ ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ وا‬full stop        ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬      -٩
.‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ع أم‬   .‫ ا‬     ‫ت‬ ‫ات أو‬ ‫ أي‬ ‫ن‬‫ر ا‬ ‫د‬‫ول ا‬ -١٠
.ً‫ا‬ ‫ أم‬ 
. ‫اف‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ل ا‬ ‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬-١١
. (Spelling mistakes) ‫ء ا‬‫ة ا‬‫ا‬‫ع و‬‫ق ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ز‬ -١٢
. Main points  ‫ع و‬ ‫ر ر‬‫ ا‬ ‫ول‬ -١٣
.‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫وا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ات ا‬‫ت و ا‬‫ت و ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ا‬-١٤
. ‫ع‬‫ر ا‬‫ و أ‬  ‫ وا‬‫ا‬‫ة ا‬-١٥
. ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬‫ة و‬‫ ا‬  ‫ت ا‬‫ر ا‬ ‫ وأن‬.   ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ -١٦
The main parts of the essay ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﻝ‬
1) Introduction ‫ا‬
.‫ر‬‫ض ا‬  ‫ و‬،‫ع‬‫ ا‬  ‫ف‬‫ة أو ا‬‫ح ا‬‫ل و‬‫ ا‬ ‫و‬‫ة ا‬‫ ا‬
‫ت ا‬‫ت ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬
: ‫ه‬ ‫ أن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ،‫ ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ ا‬ 
We all agree that … is one of the most important things in our life and has its vital
role nowadays.
.‫ه ا‬ ً ‫ دورًا‬‫ و‬  ‫ء‬‫ ا‬‫ أ‬ ‫ وا‬... ‫ أن‬ً ‫م‬
We all agree that … is (are) very necessary and plays (play) an important part in
our life.
No one can deny that … plays a very important role in our life.
.  ً ‫ دورًا‬ ... ‫ أن‬ ‫ أن‬‫ أ‬ 
There is no doubt that this subject has affected our thought and caused a great
impact on us.
. ‫ًا‬ ‫ث‬‫ وأ‬‫م‬  ‫ أ‬ ‫ع‬‫ا ا‬ ‫ أن‬ 

‫ت ا‬‫ت ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬

There is no doubt that … is one of the most dangerous phenomena in our life and has its
bad and negative effects nowadays.
.‫ا‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ وا‬‫ره ا‬‫ أ‬ ‫ و‬  ‫ا‬‫ ا‬‫ أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ وا‬ ... ‫ أن‬   

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤ The legend

 2) Body: (‫ء ا‬‫ع )ا‬‫ا‬
.‫ ووا‬  ‫ ا‬. ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ث‬ ‫و‬.‫ر‬‫ ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ع‬‫ ا‬  
(3) Conclusion: (‫ )ا‬‫ا‬
.‫ إ‬‫ و‬‫ ا‬‫ أو ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ر ا‬ ً ‫ة ا‬   ً
.‫ه‬ ‫ء رأي أو‬‫ أو إ‬ ‫ أو‬‫ن م‬  ‫ه ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ات ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬
Finally, it is quite clear that … … is really ….
To sum up, one can say that … is really …

For positive themes ‫ت ا‬

We all agree that …….….. is one of the most ‫ دورا‬ ‫ و‬  ‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫وا‬..........‫ أن‬ ‫م‬
important things in our life and has its vital .‫ه ا‬ 
role nowadays.
We should put into consideration that ……… ‫ أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ وا‬‫ أ‬ ............... ‫ر ان‬‫ ا‬ ‫ أن م‬
has become one of the most important things .  ‫ة‬  ‫ء‬‫ا‬
in everyone's life.
No one can deny that we owe much to ……...  ‫ا‬‫ دور‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬..........‫ ل‬ ‫ م‬‫ أم‬‫ أ‬ 
which play(s) an important role and active part .  ‫و‬
in our life.
For negative themes  ‫ت‬
We all see that…stands as an obstacle in the . ‫ ط‬‫ أ‬ ..........‫ أن‬ ‫ى‬‫م‬
way of our progress.
There is no doubt that ….. is one of the most   ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬‫وا‬..........‫ أن‬   
dangerous problems in our life as it has bad .  ‫ر‬‫ ا‬ ‫م‬
effects on us.
We all believe that ….. is really serious and  ‫ر‬‫ أ‬‫ و‬‫ه ا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ و‬‫ا‬ .......... ‫ أن‬ ‫م‬
harmful nowadays and has bad effects on all . 
of us.
For advantages and disadvantages themes ‫دو‬ ‫ت‬
There is no doubt that …… is a double edge     ‫ح ذو‬ ..........‫ أن‬   
weapon that has both advantages and .‫ب‬‫ات و‬
disadvantages.
In fact that …….. is considered a mixed  ‫ وا‬‫ و‬ ‫ وم‬‫ح م‬ ..........‫ أن‬
blessing in our life. .

What about the body? ‫ع؟‬‫ ا‬  ‫ذا‬

‫ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ?ﺳﺘﺨﺪ? ? ﻫﺬ? ?ﻟﺮ??ﺑﻂ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ?ﳉﻤﻞ‬
on one hand ‫ م‬ one the other hand ‫ي‬‫ أ‬‫ م‬
in addition to that ‫ ذ‬‫ إ‬ moreover ‫ ذ‬ ‫وة‬
hence  ‫ و‬at the same time ‫ ا‬‫ م‬
and as a result of this,  ‫ وم‬more than that ‫ ذ‬ ‫ا‬
over and above ‫ ذ‬‫ إ‬ consequently  ‫م‬
there is no doubt that     last but not least ‫ا‬‫ أ‬‫ا و‬‫وأ‬
as far as i am concerned ‫ أراي‬ another thing is that ‫ ان‬ ‫ أ‬

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٥ The legend

 .‫ت‬‫ ا‬  ‫ و‬‫ع ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ع‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬ ‫ ان‬ ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ 
- In addition to what I have written about …………before, I can add that……..
‫?ﻠﺘﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎ?? ? ?ﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ?‫?ﺑﺪ‬
Everyone knows that +  ‫ن أن‬ ‫ا‬
I reveal no secret when I say that +  ‫ل ان‬‫ أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬
It can't be denied that +  ‫ ان‬ ‫ ان‬ ‫ ا‬
It is crystal clear that +  ‫ أن‬ ‫ا‬‫ ا‬
It is known that +  ‫وف ان‬‫ ا‬

What about the conclusion? ‫؟‬‫ ا‬ ‫ذا‬

? ‫?ﳋﺎﲤﺔ ? ?ﺎ ? ?? ﺳﻠ‬
From what we have mentioned above we can say that due attention must be paid
to this matter and never be neglected as it is very important (serious).
.(‫رة‬) ‫ أ‬   ‫ م‬ ‫ع و‬‫ا ا‬  ‫ و م‬‫ ا‬‫ ان م‬ ‫ل ان‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫م‬‫ ذا‬
:‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ك ا‬ ‫ر‬
1) No one can deny that…. ‫ أن‬ ‫ أن‬ ‫ أ‬
2) plays a great role in  ‫ا‬ ‫ دورا‬
3) The progress of any nation depends on   ‫ أي أ‬ ‫إن‬
4) We should do our best in order to    ‫ أن م‬
5) In my opinion, ..has a great effect on our society. ‫ ا‬   ............... ‫ رأي ان‬
6) We can’t ignore the great value of  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ أن م‬‫ م‬
7) The government does its best to encourage    ‫ل ا‬
8) The government is trying to solve this problem by… ‫ط‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ول ا‬
9) One advantage of ……….....is that it (they) ..‫ أم‬.. ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
10) One disadvantage of .....is that it (they) ..‫ أم‬.. ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬
11) …..is considered a very serious problem. ‫ة‬  ..
12) To solve this problem, we should all ‫ أن‬   ‫ه ا‬ 
13) We all agree that .....is one of the most important things   ‫ء‬ ‫ أ‬ .. ‫ أن‬  ‫م‬
in our life
14) .....is very useful as it helps us to… ..  ‫م‬ ‫ أم‬  ..
15) With the help of .....we can lead a better life ‫ة أ‬  ‫ أن‬.. ‫ة‬
16) ....is a serious obstacle in the way of our progress  ‫ ط‬ ‫ة‬  
17) All members of the society should cooperate to …  ‫ا‬‫وم‬ ‫ أن‬ ‫اد ا‬‫ أ‬
18) We should exert more efforts to solve this problem ‫ه ا‬  ‫د‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل ا‬‫ أن م‬
19) We have to stand firmly against ………   ‫ أن م‬
20) We should make the best use of ………  ‫دة‬‫ ا‬‫ أ‬ ‫ أن‬
21) will help us to achieve self sufficiency ‫ا‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫م‬ ‫ف‬
22) We should develop public awareness of……  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ أن م‬
23) All citizens should participate in solving this problem ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬   ‫اط‬‫ا‬  ‫رك‬ ‫ أن‬
24) It increases our national income. ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ 
25) It achieves progress, welfare and prosperity. ‫ء‬‫ وا‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬

:‫ ا‬ ‫ع و‬‫ة ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ أ‬‫ا‬

‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺣﺔ واﺳﺘﺼﻼح اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء واﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬-١
-It increases our national income. ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ 

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٦ The legend

 -It solves many problems such as unemployment.‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬ 
-It Achieves progress, welfare and prosperity.‫ء‬‫ وا‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬
‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻔﻜﺮﯾﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءة واﻹﻋﻼم واﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬-٢
►It increases our information, knowledge and experience. ‫ و‬‫ و‬ ‫ود‬
►It broaden our horizons ‫ ا‬
►It forms our public opinion. ‫اى ا‬‫ ا‬
►It has a deep effect on our characters     
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﺔ‬-٣
It builds our bodies‫ أ‬ , refreshes our minds  and forms our
characters
It teaches us the good moralities ‫ق‬‫ا‬, and how to depend on ourselves.
it teaches us the co-operation and the discipline ‫م‬‫ون وا‬‫ ا‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه اﻟﺴﻠﺒﯿﺎت واﻻﺳﺒﺎب‬-٤
It is clear that ‫ ا‬has several causes for example ( burning oil –loud noise
–throwing Rubbish-free time without useful hobbies – plenty of money-lack of
food money health.)
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﯾﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻰ‬-٥
It can lead to serious health problems . It can cause crimes and deviation . It
can lead to poverty and social problems . It can hinder progress , welfare and
prosperity . It can lead to waste of time , effort and health uselessly . It can
spread diseases and dirt in our environment. It can lead to violence and hatred
‫ا‬‫ا‬. It can lead to depression and economic problems.

In fact, pollution is one of the worst problems that may damage our life and
our environment. It's a very serious problem. There are different kinds of
pollution such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. The causes of
pollution are countless. It is mainly caused by exhaust fumes of means of transport
and the smoke from factories. Careless people dump
rubbish and waste in streets or seas.
Pollution has disastrous effects on people's health and lives. It damages
people's lungs and causes dangerous heart illnesses. People can't enjoy their lives
as long as the environment around them is polluted.
An urgent solution should be found for this bad problem. People have to stop
dumping their waste in streets. Factories should be moved to unpopulated areas.
Mass media should spread awareness among citizens about the dangers of
polluting the environment. The government should issue strict laws that
prevent people from causing pollution and punish those who do so.
Finally, all efforts should be combined to combat and get rid of pollution.

5- Write an essay of about ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY (150 words) on ONE (1) of the following:
1. Types of communication in the future.
2. Reforming education is our way to keep up with the developed countries..
3-The pros and cons of social media.
4- How to make the best use of leisure time?
5-Reading has many benefits.
6-The job you dream of doing in the future.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٧ The legend

7-Team work.
8-How to choose a true friend.
9-How to encourage tourism in your country
10-pollution in your city or village
11-Education helps to make your life better.
12-A phobia you had in the past
13. The importance of sports in our life"
14. The value of co-operation

:‫ل‬‫ا ا‬ ‫ وا‬ ‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ وا‬‫ر‬‫ و‬‫ در‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ ا‬-١
"‫"ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻧﺠﺎزات ﻋﻈﯿﻤﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻌﺸﺮون ﺳﻨﺔ اﻻﺧﯿﺮة‬
:‫ﻓﺎﺑﺪا ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬
4 3 2 1
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪد ھﺬة اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬/ ‫ﺣﻘﻘﺖ‬ ← ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬/ ‫اذن ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ← ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫← اﻧﺠﺎزات‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "ﻟﻘﺪ" ﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻻﻓﻀﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻧﮭﺎ ﺳﻮف ﺗﺤﺬف ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬: ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
.(‫وﻣﺎذا ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ؟ داﺋﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻢ )وﻻﺗﺠﻤﻊ أﺑﺪا‬
: ‫إذا اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ھﻲ‬
Egypt has made great achievements during the last twenty years.
: ‫ز‬‫ ا‬  ‫ أ‬ ‫ أ‬ ‫رع أ‬   :‫ ا‬‫د ز‬ -٢
"‫"ﻟﻘﺪ ﻧﺠﺤﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻟﻌﺮب وﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﻟﮭﺬا أﺛﺮا طﯿﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻼم‬
‫ ﻟﻨ ﺮي‬.‫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎرع واﻷﺧﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬.‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ھﻨﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ زﻣﻦ‬: ‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ؟‬
Egypt has succeeded in closing the ranks of the Arab leaders and this will have a great
effect on the peace process.
:(Verb to be)     ‫ أن‬ -٣
"The student is clever" ← ‫( اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﺳﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺎھﺮ‬v) to be ‫ﻻ ﯾﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬-١
Fruit and vegetables are useful for health . ←‫اﻟﻔﺎﻛﮭﺔ واﻟﺨﻀﺮوات ﻣﻔﯿﺪة ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ‬
( ‫ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬/ ‫ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬/ ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬/ ‫( اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ) ﺗﻌﺪ‬v) to be ‫ ﯾﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬-٢
Democracy is the cornerstone of our era. ←‫ﺗﻌﺪ اﻟﺪﯾﻤﻘﺮاطﯿﺔ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻻﺳﺎس ﻓﻰ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ‬
(..‫ ھﻤﺎ‬/ ‫ھﻮ‬/ ‫ إﻟﻲ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ )ھﻲ‬v.to be ‫ﻗﺪ ﯾﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬-٣
My favourite hobby is listening to music ‫ إن ھﻮاﯾﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﻀﻠﺔ ھﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع إﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﯿﻘﻲ‬.
:(verb to have)     ‫ أن‬ ‫ ا‬-٤
(... ‫ﯾﻘﺘﻨﻰ او ﯾﺘﻨﺎول‬/ ‫ ﻟﺪى‬/ ‫ ﯾﻤﻠﻚ‬/ ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ‬/ ‫( اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ) ل‬v) to have ‫ﯾﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬
.‫ﻟﻘﺪ اﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ طﺎﻟﺐ اﻗﺘﻨﺎء ﺟﮭﺎز ﺣﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻰ‬-
It has become available for each student to have a computer set.
The town has wide streets . ‫ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ ﺷﻮراع واﺳﻌﺔ‬-
:‫ه‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ ظ‬ ‫ف أو‬‫ ظ‬ ‫ و‬  ‫ل ا‬‫ ا‬-٥
. ً‫ ﺗﮭﺘﻢ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ اھﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻛﺒﯿﺮا‬-
The state is (greatly) seriously interested in Education.
‫ ﺗﻄﻮرت اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺗﻄﻮرا ﻛﺒﯿﺮا‬-
Social conditions in Egypt have significantly changed.
Smoking affects health badly. .‫ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﺘﺪﺧﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮا ﺧﻄﯿﺮا‬-
:‫اذ‬‫ا ا‬ "ly" ‫ و‬‫ ا‬ ‫ف‬‫اس وا‬‫ل ا‬‫ ا‬/v to be ‫ او‬‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ دا‬-٦
E.g. I met a tall boy in the club. The sandwich tastes good
He runs quickly.
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٨ The legend
 ‫ ( وﻻ ﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭﺎ أﺳم ﺗﺗرﺟم إﻟﻲ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬the) ‫ اﻟﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺔ ﺑـ‬- : ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
the dumb ‫ اﻟﺑﻛم‬- the poor ‫ – اﻟﻔﻘراء‬the rich ‫اﻷﻏﻧﯾﺎء‬The strong ‫اﻻﻗوﯾﺎء‬
The rich should help the poor. ‫اﻻﻏﻨﯿﺎء ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪوا اﻟﻔﻘﺮاء‬
… In order to / so as to / to + ‫ر‬‫ا‬ : ‫ إ‬ ‫ ا‬ -٧
e.g. students go to school to/in order to learn. He trained well so as to win the match.
:   ( ‫ن‬/  / ‫ إن‬/‫ ) أن‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ت ا‬ -٨
peace is the dream of all nations ‫إن اﻟﺳﻼم ﺣﻠم ﻛل اﻻﻣم‬
* Industry is the basis of development. . ‫إن اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ ھﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ‬
.‫أن زﯾﺎدة اﻻﻧﺘﺎج ھﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻧﺴﻌﻲ إﻟﯿﮫ‬
Increasing production is the only way to build up the ideal society for which we aspire.

: ‫رع‬  ‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫رة‬‫ون أى إ‬   +  -٩
‫ﻟﻘد اھﺗﻣت اﻟدوﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬
*The state has taken great interest in education.
‫ﻟﻘد ﺳﺎﻋد اﻟﻌﻠم اﻹﻧﺳﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﺣﯾﺎ ﺣﯾﺎة ﻣرﯾﺣﺔ‬
*Science has helped man to lead a comfortable life.
‫ﻟﻘد أﺻﺑﺢ ﻣن اﻟواﺿﺢ إن اﻹدﻣﺎن ھو وﺑﺎء اﻟﻌﺻر‬
*It has become clear that addiction is the plague of the age.
‫ﻟﻘد ﺷﮭدت ﻣﺻر ﻗﻔزة ﺣﺿﺎرﯾﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻣﺟﺎﻻت‬
*Egypt has witnessed a great cultural leap in all fields.
:  ‫ إ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫رة‬‫ إ‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬  +  -١٠
*He telephoned me yesterday. ً ‫ﻟﻘد اﺗﺻل ﺑﻰ أﻣس ھﺎﺗﻔﯾﺎ‬
:may ‫ل و م‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن ذ‬ ‫رع‬  +  -١١
‫ﻗد ﯾﺷﮭد ھذا اﻟﻌﺎم ﺗطورات ھﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻧﺣو اﻟﺳﻼم‬
*This year may witness immense development towards peace.
Al Ahly may win the cup. .‫ﻗﺪ ﯾﻔﻮز اﻻھﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎس‬
:‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ز‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ادف‬‫ف( ا‬) ‫ ) س ( و‬‫ف ا‬ -١٢
*The government will build a lot of schools. ‫ﺳﺗﺑﻧﻰ اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ﻣدارس ﻛﺛﯾرة‬
future simple:    ‫ اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬  ‫رع‬ +  -١٣
*I won’t do that again. ‫ﻟن أﻓﻌل ذﻟك ﻣرة أﺧرى‬
Past simple:   ‫ اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬  ‫رع‬  +  -١٤
*Ahmed did not attend my birthday party. ‫ﻟم ﯾﺣﺿر أﺣﻣد ﺣﻔل ﻋﯾد ﻣﯾﻼدى‬
: ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺿﺎرع ﯾﻘﺎﺑﻠﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬+ ‫ ﻛﺎن‬-١٥
‫ﻛﺎن واﻟدى ﯾﻘرأ اﻟﺻﺣﯾﻔﺔ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ دق ﺟرس اﻟﺑﺎب‬
*Dad was reading the paper when the doorbell rang
: ‫ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﯾﻘﺎﺑﻠﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺗﺎم‬+ ‫ ﻗد‬+ ‫ ﻛﺎن‬-١٦
.‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ وﺻﻠت إﻟﻰ اﻟﺳﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﯾﻠم ﻗد ﺑدأ‬
*When I arrived at the cinema the film had started.
:‫ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﮫ ﻣﻜﺘﻮب ﺑﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮭﻮل ﯾﻔﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬-١٨
The operation was performed by a well-known surgeon.
(.‫ )ﻟﻘﺪ أﺟﺮي اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺟﺮاح ﻣﺸﮭﻮر‬.‫ﻗﺎم ﺟﺮاح ﻣﺸﮭﻮر ﺑﺎﺟﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺮاﺣﯿﺔ‬
:‫ ان‬+ ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ ‫ ﻟـ أو ﻋﻠﻲ‬+ ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬+ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬-١٩
It is + adj. + for + n + to + inf.
‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻻﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ ﻻﻧﮭﺎ وﺳﯿﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬
It is better for us to learn foreign languages because they are means of communication
among people.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٩ The legend

 It is better to plan for your future from now. ‫ﻣﻦ اﻻﻓﻀﻞ ان ﺗﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻻن‬
:(us– them – him – me – her‫ اﻟﺿﻣﯾر اﻟﻣﺿﺎف إﻟﻲ ﻓﻌل ﯾﺗرﺟم إﻟﻲ )ﺿﻣﯾر ﻣﻔﻌول‬-٢٠
.‫إن ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻷﺟﻧﺑﯾﺔ ﯾﻣﻛﻧﻧﺎ ﻣن ﻗراءة اﻟﺻﺣف اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬
Learning foreign languages enable us to read the international newspapers.
:(your- its-our-his -her-their-my) ‫ اﻟﺿﻣﯾر اﻟﻣﺿﺎف إﻟﻲ اﺳم ﯾﺗرﺟم إﻟﻲ )ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬-٢١
‫ﯾزور ﻣﺻر ﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﺳﯾﺎح ﻛل ﻋﺎم ﻟﻣﺷﺎھدة أﺛﺎرھﺎ اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺔ‬
Every year, a lot of tourists visit Egypt to watch its ancient monument
:should/must + inf ‫ ﯾﺟب( ﺗﺗرﺟم اﻟﻰ‬/ ‫ ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ) ﻋﻠﯾﻧﺎ‬-٢٢ .
We must keep the environment clean. ‫ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﻧﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬
we should save energy ‫ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ان ﻧﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
: ‫ ﻣﻦ اھﻢ ( اﻟﻰ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺿﯾل‬/ ‫ ﻣن اﺧطر‬/ ‫ ﺗﺗرﺟم )ﻣﻦ اﺷﮭﺮ‬-٢٢ .
The unemployment is one of the most important causes of spreading the crimes.
Naguib Mahfouz is one of the most famous writers in the world .
‫ أو ﯾﺄﺗﻰ اﻟﻣﺿﺎف إﻟﯾﮫ ﺛم اﻟﻣﺿﺎف‬of ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﺿﺎف واﻟﻣﺿﺎف إﻟﯾﮫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬-٢٢ .
*The school gate = the gate of the school ‫ﺑواﺑﺔ اﻟﻣدرﺳﺔ‬ *Book fair ‫ﻣﻌرض اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬
*Birth rate = the rate of birth ‫ﻣﻌدل اﻟﻣواﻟﯾد‬
*Pollution of environment = environment pollution ‫ﺗﻠوث اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬
*Standard of living = living standard‫ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺷﺔ‬
:‫ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻲ ﺣﺮوف ﺟﺮ‬-٢٣
we celebrate the child day "‫" ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺤﺘﻔﻞ ﺑﻌﯿﺪ اﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬
We enjoyed the party .‫اﺳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻔﻞ‬

:‫ ﻋﻧد ﺗرﺟﻣﺗﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬the ‫ اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﻣﻌﻧوﯾﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧذ‬-٢٤

.‫ﯾرﺟﻊ اﻟﺗﻘدم ﻓﻰ اﻟزراﻋﺔ واﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ واﻟطب إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻠم اﻟﺣدﯾث‬
Affect ‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Admire ‫ﯾﻌﺠﺐ ب‬ Recognize ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻲ‬
Sacrifice ‫ﯾﻀﺤﻰ ب‬ Enjoy ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ب‬ Beat ‫ ﯾﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬/‫ﯾﮭﺰم‬
Obtain ‫ﯾﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Arrest ‫ﯾﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Fear ‫ﯾﺨﺸﻲ أن‬
Keep ‫ﯾﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ join ‫ ﯾﻠﺘﺤﻖ ب‬/ ‫ﯾﻨﻀﻢ اﻟﻰ‬ Include ‫ﯾﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
owe ‫ﯾﺪﯾﻦ ب‬ Overcome ‫ﯾﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ Eliminate ‫ﯾﻘﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Progress in agriculture, industry and medicine is due to modern science.
The progress ‫ﻓﮭﻧﺎ ﻧﺗﻛﻠم ﻋن اﻟﺗﻘدم واﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ واﻟزارﻋﺔ ﺑﺻﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻼ ﯾﺻﺢ أن ﻧﻘول‬
The progress in Egypt ……… ‫وﻟﻛن إذا ﺧﺻﺻﻧﺎ وﻗﻠﻧﺎ اﻟﺗﻘدم ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر‬

Honour ‫اﻟﺷرف‬ Virtue ‫اﻟﻔﺿﯾﻠﺔ‬ Peace ‫اﻟﺳﻼم‬

Beauty ‫اﻟﺟﻣﺎل‬ Love ‫اﻟﺣب‬ Friendship ‫اﻟﺻدﻗﺔ‬
truth ‫اﻟﺻدق‬ progress ‫اﻟﺗﻘدم‬ Honesty ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬
:the ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧذ أداة اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬Uncountable Nouns ‫ اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺟﻣﻊ‬-٢٥
paper ‫اﻟورق‬ luggage ‫اﻷﻣﺗﻌﺔ‬ baggage ‫اﻟﺣﻘﺎﺋب‬
Grass ‫اﻟﻌﺷب‬ money ‫اﻟﻣﺎل‬ oil ‫اﻟزﯾت‬
electricity ‫اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬ information ‫ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬ news ‫أﺧﺑﺎر‬
E.g. money is the root of all evil. The book is made of paper.
(all ) ‫ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ اوﻻ ﯾﻌد‬+ ‫ ﻛل‬///// (each/every) ‫ اﺳم ﻣﻔرد‬+ ‫ ﻛل‬:٢٦

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٠ The legend

achieve  /  natural ‫ارد ط‬ disputes ‫ت‬/ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫م‬
resources
achievement ‫ز‬‫ ام‬/  make best use ‫ل‬‫ ا‬ consumption ‫ك‬‫ا‬
of
culture ‫ ا‬shortage ‫م‬ poverty ‫ا‬
agriculture ‫را‬‫ ا‬in all fields ‫ت‬   security ‫ا‬
industry ‫ ا‬hard currency ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ conflict ‫اع‬‫ا‬
trade ‫رة‬‫ ا‬devote ‫س‬ dispute ‫اع‬‫ا‬
economy ‫د‬‫ ا‬efforts ‫د‬ construction  / ‫ء‬
tourism  prevent  - housing ‫ن‬‫ا‬
progress ‫ ا‬youth ‫ب‬‫ا‬ pros and cons ‫ب‬‫ات و‬
invest  overcome   advantages ‫ا‬
investor  hinder  - ‫ق‬ disadvantages ‫ب‬
investment ‫ر‬‫ ا‬issue  conference 
prosperity ‫ء‬‫ ا‬increase ‫دة‬‫ ز‬-‫ود‬ traditions 
welfare ‫ ا‬decrease-  religion ‫د‬
reduce
flourishing ‫ر‬‫زد‬‫ ا‬backbone ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ morals ‫ق‬‫أ‬
national income ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬citizens ‫اط‬ nations ‫أ‬
peace ‫ ا‬unite  outstanding ‫رز‬
rationalize  /  terrorism ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ resources ‫ارد‬
a source of ‫ر ل‬ safety ‫ا‬ local /inland  / ‫دا‬
reform ‫ح‬‫ إ‬loyalty ‫ء‬‫ا‬ traffic jam ‫ور‬‫ ا‬‫ازد‬
improve-develop ‫ر‬/ tolerance ‫ا‬ useful 
solve  rights ‫ق‬ efforts ‫د‬
suitable for ‫ ل‬ society  the state ‫و‬‫ا‬
attract ‫ب‬ education ‫ا‬ contribute to  
environment ‫ ا‬ignorance ‫ا‬ means ‫و‬
planet  civilization ‫رة‬ wars ‫وب‬
pollution ‫ث‬‫ ا‬charming ‫اب‬ / ‫ب‬ self sufficiency ‫ء ذا‬‫ا‬
birth control ‫ ا‬ involve  / self- reliance ‫ ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬
crisis ‫ أز‬project ‫وع‬ illiteracy ‫ا‬
stimulate  /  media ‫ ا‬‫و‬ monuments ‫ر‬‫آ‬
awareness ‫ ا‬the Suez Canal ‫ة ا‬ treaty ‫ة‬
unemployment ‫ ا‬transfer  characteristics ‫ت‬ / 
protected from   global  people ‫ا‬
seek to ‫ ا‬ services ‫ت‬ president ‫ر‬
vital role ‫ي‬ ‫ دور‬set up  -  - minister ‫وز‬
over population ‫م‬‫دة ا‬‫ ا‬lifelong learning ‫ة‬‫ي ا‬ ‫ا‬ current events ‫ر‬‫اث ا‬‫ا‬
encourage  patience ‫ا‬ face ‫ا‬
co- operate ‫ون‬ solidarity ‫ا‬ solution 
co- operation ‫ون‬‫ ا‬production ‫ج‬‫م‬‫ا‬ faithful 
corruption ‫د‬‫ ا‬independence ‫ل‬‫ا‬ devote ‫س‬
eliminate   justice ‫ل‬‫ا‬ sacrifice 
get rid of   injustice ‫ا‬ needs ‫ت‬‫ا‬
stability ‫ار‬‫ ا‬skill ‫رة‬‫ا‬ budget ‫ام‬‫ا‬
social ‫ ا‬good ‫ا‬ freedom ‫ا‬
globalization ‫ ا‬adore  import ‫اد‬‫ا‬

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١١ The legend

manufacture  -  famine  dignity ‫ا‬‫ا‬
mass media ‫ ا‬‫و‬ become  discipline ‫ا‬
support  - ‫م‬ valuable  hope ‫ا‬
generation  distance   ‫ا‬ hatred ‫ا‬‫ا‬
learning
will ‫رادة وا‬‫ا‬ prevail  / ‫د‬ stability ‫ار‬‫ا‬
zeal ‫ وا‬‫ا‬ realize ‫رك‬ stock ‫ر‬‫ا‬
youth ‫ب‬‫ا‬ standard of ‫ى ا‬ renaissance ‫ا‬
living
do his best for ‫ري‬ ‫ل‬ rationalizing  harassment ‫ش‬‫ا‬
‫ه‬
awareness ‫ و‬great loss ‫د‬  equality ‫واة‬‫ا‬
citizens ‫ن‬‫اط‬‫ ا‬strengthen ‫ى‬ terrorism ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
self- dependence  ‫د‬‫ ا‬spread  optimism ‫ؤل‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬
object to  ‫ض‬ properly   pessimism ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬
behaviour ‫ك‬ qualities ‫ت‬ nearly 
bring up  enable  reinforce ‫ز‬
book fair ‫ب‬‫ض ا‬ adventure ‫ة‬ run 
co operate ‫ون‬ childhood ‫ط‬ slums ‫ت‬‫ا‬
enemy ‫و‬ eradicate  ‫ء‬‫ا‬ pros and cons ‫ب‬‫ات و‬
the middle east ‫و‬‫ق ا‬‫ا‬ ministry ‫وزارة‬ make fun of  
the corner stone ‫او‬‫ ا‬ wiped out /  addiction ‫ن‬‫إد‬
suffer from  ‫م‬ responsibility ‫ا‬ backbone ‫ي‬‫د ا‬‫ا‬
dignity ‫ا‬ overcome   tax 
exploit ‫ل‬‫ا‬ enrich ‫ز‬ / ‫ى‬ manufacture 
fund ‫ل‬ immigrate  good use of ‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
grant  alternatives ‫ا‬ awareness ‫و‬
blessings ‫م‬ expansion  glory 
starvations ‫ت‬‫ا‬ result in ‫دي ا‬ reform ‫ح‬‫إ‬
elections ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ا‬ faithful  fatal  - ‫ك‬
destruction ‫ر‬‫ا‬ in dire need    procedures ‫اءات‬‫إ‬
democracy ‫اط‬‫ا‬ right  civilian ‫م‬
conditions ‫وف‬‫ا‬ disasters ‫ارث‬ prevail  - ‫د‬
press ‫ا‬ gravity ‫ز‬ rights ‫ق‬
civilizations ‫رات‬ fertile  alternatives ‫ا‬
globalization  conflict ‫اع‬ moral ‫أ‬
citizenship ‫اط‬‫ا‬ face ‫ إ‬ /‫ا‬ press 
effective  / ‫ل‬ methods ‫ أ‬/ ‫ق‬‫ط‬ civilizations ‫رات‬
facilities ‫ت‬ give due care to  ‫ ا‬ citizenship ‫اط‬‫ا‬
threat ‫د‬ reject ‫م‬ advanced 
unity ‫ة‬‫و‬ join hands ‫م‬ gap ‫ة‬
hardships ‫ب‬‫ا‬ recycle  ‫دة‬‫إ‬ effective ‫ل‬
require  remarkable  eliminate  
poverty ‫ا‬ burden ‫ء‬‫أ‬ factors ‫ا‬
society ‫ا‬ slogan ‫ر‬ shortage ‫م‬
rate ‫ل‬ climatic change ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ nations ‫ب‬‫ا‬
advanced  means ‫و‬ vast 
urgent  shortage / lack ‫م‬ undoubtedly   

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٢ The legend

treat  / belonging ‫ء‬‫م‬‫ا‬ deepen 
relationship  deterioration ‫ر‬ understanding 
production ‫ج‬‫م‬‫ا‬ harmful ‫ر‬ trust 
expenses ‫ر‬ -‫ت‬‫م‬ growth  contribute 
transport ‫ م‬-  cope with ‫م‬ heritage ‫اث‬
wise  devote ‫س‬ sacrifice  
co – operations ‫ون‬‫ا‬ hard currency ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ brings 
housing ‫ا‬ by all means ‫ ا‬ set up 
eliminate  glories ‫د‬‫أ‬ diagnose 
monuments ‫ر‬‫ا‬ press  ignore 
suffer from  ‫م‬ producer  investment ‫ر‬‫ا‬
conference  economic crisis ‫د‬‫ ا‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ discipline ‫ا‬
support  / ‫م‬ economic ‫دي‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬ disputes ‫ت‬ /‫ت‬‫ا‬‫م‬
progress
factors ‫ا‬ illegal migration   ‫ه‬ modify 
citizenship ‫اط‬‫ا‬ illiteracy ‫ا‬ reclamation ‫ح‬‫ا‬
civilization ‫رة‬ disaster = crisis ‫ ورط‬- ‫زق‬ recycle ‫ء‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫دة ا‬‫إ‬
combat = fight  catastrophe  - ‫ر‬ reduce  / 
obstacles ‫ا‬ deal with =treat   increase ‫دة‬‫ ز‬- 
enrich  / ‫ى‬ moral values ‫ ا‬‫ا‬ guide  / 
self – reliance ‫ات‬‫ ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ narcotics = ‫رة‬ ‫اد‬ stability ‫ار‬‫ا‬
drugs
self sufficiency ‫ا‬‫ء ا‬‫ا‬ national ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬do without  
awareness
relations ‫ت‬ national unity ‫ط‬‫ة ا‬‫ا‬ policy ‫ا‬
self-control ‫ ا‬ aspects = fields ‫ا‬‫ م‬-‫ت‬ benefits ‫ا‬
self-sacrifice ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ generation  be + aware of   
service  giant projects  ‫ت‬‫و‬ attitude  - ‫ة‬‫ ا‬- ‫ك‬
revolution ‫رة‬ globalization ‫ا‬ aim at /aim to ‫ف إ‬
destruction  unemployment ‫ا‬ reform ‫ح‬‫ا‬
principles ‫دئ‬ welfare ‫ا‬ minister ‫وز‬
development ‫ا‬ side with=stand ‫م‬  -  ‫ز‬ ministry ‫وزارة‬
by
organize = host  /  developing ‫ول ا‬‫ ا‬mass media ‫ ا‬‫و‬
countries

Test yourself
1. Youth are the backbone of any nation and the base of its progress. So governments should
pay attention to provide them with the necessities of life and help them be better citizens.
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2-Our country is in need of every one’s efforts. We must work hard to produce an
export. We will save hard currency and achieve welfare.
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3-Over-population is a problem that faces all developing countries. It hampers their progress
especially when their natural resources are limited.
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4- The good citizen is the one who devotes his time and effort to his country, sacrificing
himself for its dignity and welfare.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٣ The legend

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5-The ministry of education is interested in developing curriculums and the educational
process so that we will have a great generation of scientists in the future.

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6-spending too much time on social networking sites may be harmful. this will make you
waste a lot of time and cause harms to your back and eyes
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7-All parents should know that they are responsible for bringing up a conscious and
enlightened generation
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8- Money is the source of all evil. It encourages some young men to do bad habits. More
some people to commit crimes such as theft, violence, forgery and murder.
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9-throughout the ages, man has brought about a lot of important inventions which have
contributed to making life easier and more comfortable.
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10-Our life has greatly changed and improved thanks to the great contributions that
scientists and thinkers introduce in different aspects.
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11- A lot of people dream of a tolerant and quiet world which is blessed with love, peace,
cooperation, justice and affability between all people.
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12- There is a breakthrough in the field of information technology, which made the world
become a global village.
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1٣- The government is trying to provide the people with what they need in every way. This
requires the increase of production and birth control.
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14-Every individual in our society should take part in bearing responsibility to overcome
our economic, social and environmental problems.
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15-Greed is one of the ugliest human qualitiesbecause it increases the sharpness of conflict
and dispute between individuals inside one society
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16-Every human (man) has the right to express their opinion in a frame of respect, constructive
criticism and useful discussion
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17-We have to rationalize consumption of water, electricity and food to face the
increasing rise in prices.
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18-Tourism is an important source of bringing hard currency to Egypt so we have to

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٤ The legend

offer all possible facilities to attract tourists to Egypt.
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19-Increasing production and reducing consumption are the only way to overcome
our current economic problems.
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20-Doctors have proved that those who don't smoke at all live a longer and healthier
life. Therefore, the number of those who smoke has greatly decreased
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21-The energy crisis has become a problem that affects the economies of many
countries in the world negatively.
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22-You should eat balanced meals which contain the nutritional elements essential for
good health.
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23-Every culture has its distinctive customs, traditions, values and principles that
should be preserved by all generations.

B Translate into English:

.‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬  ‫ور‬    ‫ت ا‬‫ج ا‬ --١
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‫ ا‬  ‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ون ا‬‫ون ا‬  ‫ دو‬   -٢
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‫م‬‫م‬‫ت وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬   ‫رة‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ - -٣
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‫اع‬‫ ا‬ ‫ء وم‬‫م‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫س‬‫ ان م‬ -٤
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   ‫ه ا‬‫ أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ و‬‫ار‬  ‫ه ا‬‫ن أ‬‫ب ا‬‫ ا‬-٥
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‫ط‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬‫ون وا‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬ ‫ و‬‫ أ‬‫ب ا‬‫ى ا‬ -٦
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‫ص‬  ‫ ان‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ح ذو‬ ‫ ا‬‫ا‬-٧
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   ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ن‬‫م‬‫ة ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫م‬.‫ق‬‫ط‬‫ ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬‫اء وا‬‫ث ا‬  ‫ ان‬-٨
‫رض‬‫ا‬
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‫ول‬‫ ا‬‫ أ‬  ‫ ا‬‫ أ‬ ‫راد ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫ و‬-٩
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‫ي ا‬ ‫ج و ر‬‫م‬‫دة ا‬‫ ز‬‫ف إ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ت ا‬‫و‬‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬-١٠

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٥ The legend

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‫د‬    ‫ر‬ ‫ة و‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ م‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ور‬ ‫اة ا‬‫ ا‬ -١١
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‫ر‬‫اب وا‬ ‫ب اداة‬‫ ا‬‫ر و‬ ‫ اداة‬‫ ا‬  ‫ح ذو‬ ‫ ا‬-١٢
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 ‫ة ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ و إ‬‫ه ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬ -١٣
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‫ و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ ا‬‫اءة ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ر وا‬‫ ا‬-١٤
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‫ آ‬  ‫ أو‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ ا‬   ‫دة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬  ‫دة‬ ‫ل ا‬‫ إن ا‬- --١٥
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‫اد وا‬‫ ا‬‫ح و‬ ‫ ا‬  ‫د وا‬‫ون وا‬‫ ا‬١٦.
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  ‫ده و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ درا‬   ‫وري أن م‬‫ ا‬ -١٧
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.‫ت‬‫ ا‬   ‫زات‬‫ا إ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫رون‬ ‫ن‬‫ ا‬-١٨
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‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬ ، ‫ و‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ -١٩
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‫اء و ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ور‬ ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ -٢٠
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‫ة‬ ‫اءة‬ ‫ أو‬    ‫ع‬‫م‬‫ ا‬    ‫ و‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ - ٢١ .
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‫ل‬ ‫دا ا‬  ‫ء‬  ‫ و ا‬ ‫ار و ا‬‫ا‬.٢٢
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‫رض‬‫ ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ وا‬‫ ا‬  ‫اع‬ ‫ك‬-٢٣
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‫ى‬‫ وا‬‫ث ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ل ا‬   -٢٤
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‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ و‬ ‫ازن دا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫اء‬‫ح ا‬‫ا‬-٢٥
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Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٦ The legend

 Comprehension ‫ ا‬

2. Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

* ‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬١٢٠ ‫ إﻟﻲ‬١٠٠ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﯾﺘﺮاوح ﺑﯿﻦ‬.
*‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ً ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻔﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ ً ﯾﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ او ﺑﺮواﯾﺔ أو ﻧﺺ وﺻﻔﻲ أو ﺟﺪﻟﻲ‬.
* ‫ُﯾﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬:
.‫ اﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬٤ --١
.‫ ﺑﺈﺟﺎﺑﺎت ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬،‫ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬٣ --٢
* ‫ ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫إ‬:
1- Put a suitable title for the passage. .  ‫ام‬ 
2- What is the main idea of the passage? ‫؟‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة ا‬‫ ا‬ 
3- Find in the passage words which mean a) …...b)…… .. ‫ ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬
4- What does the pronoun.......refer to? ‫؟‬......‫ ا‬‫ إ‬ ‫ي‬‫ ا‬
5-What does the underlined word mean / refer to? ‫ ؟‬ ‫ أ‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ذا‬
‫؟‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ذا‬ ‫إ‬
6-Summarize the main idea in the passage. ‫ ا‬ ‫ة ا‬‫ ا‬
7-Show -Explain - Discuss the reasons……. ...........‫ب‬‫ ا‬‫ح – م‬‫ ا‬-‫و‬
8-Write down - Summarize with words on your own. ‫ك‬  ‫ت‬ 
9- What do you think ( is your opinion)of..? ‫؟‬...... ‫ رأ‬ /
10- Do you agree \ oppose \ think …….? ‫؟‬....() - ( ‫رض‬ ) - ( ‫ا‬ ) 
11- Mention in detail …../ in brief…. ......‫ر‬ /..... ‫اذ‬
12- From your point of view…./ In your opinion…… ........(‫ رأ‬ ) / ‫ك‬‫ م‬‫ و‬
13- From the point of view of the writer (author)….. ..(‫ )ا‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬‫ و‬

3- Read the following passage, then answer the questions:

1- Have you ever suspected your friend of having two personalities; one that is caring
and considerate and one that seems impossible to get along with? I'm sure you've not
only noticed, but you've probably been horrified by the impossible one. I call these two
personalities the Giver and the Taker. The Giver is the part of you that follows the rule:
do whatever you can to make the other person happy and avoid anything that makes him
unhappy, even if it makes you unhappy. It's the part of you that wants to make a
difference in the lives of others.
But the Giver is only half of the story. In life, our Givers and Takers usually solve
problems together. They recognize our need to give and take. When the Giver is in charge,
we are loving and considerate. But when the Taker is in charge, we are rude, demanding
and inconsiderate.
A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1.The taker is rude, that means he seems to think about ………. .
a. himself b. others c. the giver d. things
2.………………….. tries to stand beside others.
a. The selfish b. The giver c. The taker d. The inconsiderate
3.What does “they” in the second paragraph refer to?
a. givers b. problems c. givers and takers d. stories
4.The writer thinks that every person ……………………………. .
a. has two personalities. b. has only one character

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٧ The legend

 c. has only advantages d.has three personalities.
b. Answer the following questions:
5. According to the writer, is it normal to adopt the two personalities together? Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
6. Who takes responsibility for running happiness in life? Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
7. Which do you prefer, the Giver or the Taker? Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

2- Most of the passengers were fast asleep in the eight o'clock train. It was already half
past nine. I was smoking while my wife was reading a letter. My little daughter was eating
her ice-cream. Suddenly we were all shocked to hear very loud cry from a young lady. She
screamed "Help! He's going to kill me". Many people ran towards her. We asked her where
the murderer was. She looked around her for a few moments, then at us, and finally said
in a whisper. "What a terrible dream! He killed my mother and sister. That thief! He had a
gun, and a big knife!" We comforted her saying that she felt better, we returned each to
his seat. I observed an old man sitting beside her. He brought her a cold drink and kept
talking with her all through the last fifty five minutes of the journey. I wondered what they
were discussing. When we got off at the station I approached the man and said to him "It
was kind of you to keep talking with her to help her to be quiet" He said "Oh, no! I only
wanted to prevent her from sleeping again and having another dream!"

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d

1. Why did the young lady cry?
a. A thief attacked her. b. The passengers mocked her.
c. She was dreaming. d.She was over the moon.
2. The train journey took ………………. when the young lady cried
a. two hours b. one hour and a half
c. fifty five minutes d.a hundred and forty five minutes
3. Why did the old man keep talking with the lady?
a. To pacify her. b. To show her he was kind.
c. To stop her from sleeping again d.To help her dream more.
4. One of the passengers gave the young lady ………………... .
a. an ice-cream b. a cold drink c. a gun d. a letter
b. Answer the following questions:
5. How many dreams did the lady have?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What does the underlined pronoun “they” refer to?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What do you think of the old man mentioned in the passage? Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………
3-In the last century, people began to use the great power of the wind and the sun to
produce electricity. Giant fans can be attached to electrical generators. An electrical
generator is a machine which is used to create electricity when it is turned. When the wind
blows, the fan turns the generator. This is, of course, a good way of creating electricity.
Unlike burning coal or oil, wind energy does not cause pollution.
The warmth of the sun can be used to heat water which makes steam. This steam can
be used to turn a generator to make electricity. Electricity can also be created by using
some special materials that turn sunlight directly into electricity. Maybe it's time to rewrite
the old story. Maybe the wind and the sun should argue about which of them can produce
the better and the more electricity. Regardless of what has been mentioned about the
different types of electricity generators, renewable sources will always be the best
sources used to generate power or electricity.

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٨ The legend

1. How can the heat of the sun be used to make electricity?
a. It produces hot water. b. It produces steam which turns generators.
c. It produces wind power. d. It produces water which turns generators.
2. What is an electrical generator?
a. A machine that is turned to make electricity.
b. A machine that is turned to cut off electricity.
c. A machine that is used to store electricity.
d. A machine that is used to save electricity.
3. The underlined word "giant" means ……………………………. .
a. quite modern b. extremely large
c. very accurate d. somewhat tall
4. This passage is talking about ……………………………………… .
a. the warmth of the sun b. wind and sun power
c. giant fans d. electrical generators
B. Answer the following questions:
5. What is the advantage of wind and sun power over burning coal and oil to make electricity?
6. In the passage, there are three verbs which have the same meaning as make
in "make electricity". What are they?
7. What are renewable sources of energy?

4-Can you imagine anything worse than returning home to find that burglars have broken
into your house? Unfortunately, this happens to about one million people in Britain
annually. However, if you want better protection against burglars, there are several things
you can do. To improve security, check all the locks on your doors and windows. The
installation of lighting all around the house will make sure a burglar is unable to hide in
the shadows. An alarm system is another good preventive measure you can take.
Starting a neighbourhood watch group is also a very effective way to prevent crime in
your area. Since most burglaries take place when people are away on holiday, this is
when your neighbours' help is most valuable. Ask them to collect your mail, open and
close your curtains every day, switch your lights on and off and even mow your lawn to
make your house look occupied.
1-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1. A neighbourhood watch group can help to …………… crime in your area.
a) avoid b) add c) develop d) repeat
2.The pronoun "them" in the second paragraph refers to ……….
a) homes b) house owners c) policemen d) neighbours
3. Taking the right preventive measure can .............. .
a) protect you from burglaries b) encourage you to start a watch group
c) help you collect your mail d) make you close your curtains
4. The word "annually" means every................ .
a) night b) year c) day d) minute
b. Answer the following questions:
5- According to the text, when are burglars able to hide in homes?
.................................................................................................................................................
6- When do most burglaries usually occur? .........................................................................
7- Find in the passage words which mean:
a) protection against threats b) very useful or important
.................................................................................................................................................

5-Many people believe that the legend that there is a curse on the tomb of Tutankhamon. The
tomb of Tutankhamen was discovered by Lord Carnarvon in 1920. He died from blood
poisoning three months after opening the tomb. No one would have thought his death had
anything to do with the tomb if it had not been for a letter from the writer Marie Corelli to the
New York Word newspaper. In this letter she said that she owned a book which told the story

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ١٩ The legend

 of the curse. Not long after the death of Lord Carnarvon, an American who had caught a cold
while visiting the tomb, also died.
As time passed, the list of people who had been punished. By the curse grew, and for many
people there is too much evidence for the story to be ignored. However, a number of facts
have been forgotten. In 1982, an American policeman who had a heart attack claimed it was
because he had spent time looking after the Tutankhamon Exhibition in San Francisco. He
was not believed when it was discovered that another man who had actually slept in the tomb
while guarding it for seven years was not only alive but in good health. Thus the idea of the
curse was proved to be a fallacy.
1-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
A) Choose the correct answer:
1-Lord Carnarvon died of,……………
a. the curse of the tomb b. blood pressure c. an accident d. blood poisoning
2-The New York World is a ……………………
a. city b. skyscraper c. newspaper d. network
3-Lord Carnarvon died from blood poisoning ……….. opening the tomb.
a. three months before b. three months after
c. five months after d. five months before
4-There is a curse on the tomb of Tutankhamen due to
a. some rumors b. some evidences
c. some people died because of it d. it cursed many people.
B) Answer the following questions:
5-What made the people think that Lord Carnarvon’s death was caused by the
curse of Tutankhamon?
6-Why did the man sleep in the tomb of Tutankhamon for seven years?
7-Do you really think there was a curse on the tomb of Tutankhamon?

6-More and more people are discovering that sharing and talking about their favorite
books with others can be as rewarding as the act of reading itself. For people who feel that
they are too busy to sit down with a book, a book club helps them schedule time to read.
Others have gained self-confidence by practicing in or leading a discussion. And they enjoy
the chance to make new friends.
A successful book club should have a group that is small enough so even the quiet
people can be heard but also big enough for many different opinions. The best arrangement
is a mixture of ages, sexes and backgrounds for more reading discussion.
To make the meeting so smooth, a leader should be appointed. The leader will usually
start the discussion by asking what the author’s main idea was. Book club members should
never be afraid to offer their opinions even if they don’t like a book. They just need to be
prepared to explain why they didn’t like something

A. Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1. What must people do before they meet?
a. They must phone each other. b. They must call people of their own age.
c. They must prepare their ideas. d. They must buy some flowers and presents.
2. What does a leader discuss at first?
a. The main idea of a book. b. The conflicts between the members.
c. The opinions of the readers. d. The fear and phobia of the members.
3. "smooth" means …………………… .
a. easy b. sad c. dead d. gloomy
4. Leadership and self confidence are …………………
a. skills b. quantities c. societies d. bullets
B. Answer the following questions:
5. Where, do you think, can people meet for book club?
6. What kind of books could those people read or discuss?
7. Describe the variety in these meetings.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٠ The legend

 Grammar
Unit ( 1)

:Form ‫ ا‬.١

:‫ ﻧﺼﺮف اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬he,she,it ‫ أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟـ‬.they ‫ و‬we‫ و‬you‫ و‬I ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
(eats - runs - walks – sings) .‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬s ‫ ﻧﻀﻊ‬.١
(washes - watches - crosses - goes – mixes) . z ‫ أو‬s ‫ أو‬ch ‫ أو‬sh ‫ أو‬o ‫ أو‬x ‫ ﻟﻮ اﻧﺘﮭﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑـ‬es ‫ﻧﻀﻊ‬.٢
(cries – tries) . ies ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﺤﺬف وﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬y ‫ إذا اﻧﺘﮭﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺤﺮف‬.٣
(enjoys - plays – prays) ‫ ﻓﻘﻂ‬s ‫( ﻧﻀﯿﻒ‬a / e/ i / o/ u) ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق ﺑﺤﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬y ‫ إذا اﻧﺘﮭﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺤﺮف‬-٤
:Usage ‫ا‬‫ ا‬.٢
:‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
:habits ‫ ﻋﺎدات و اﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‬.١
E.g. I go to school every day. Adel usually visits his relatives on Friday.
:facts ‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬.٢
E.g. The sun rises in the east. The earth goes around the sun.
:‫ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬if ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬.٣
E.g. If you study hard, you will succeed.
:‫ اﻟﺼﻔﺮﯾﺔ‬if ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬.٤
E.g. If you boil water, it evaporates.= When you boil water, it evaporates.
:schedules ‫ ﺟﺪاول اﻟﻤﻮاﻋﯿﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬.٥
E.g. I am traveling to London tomorrow. My plane leaves at 6 am.
:‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ واﻻﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة طﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬.٦
I live in Cairo / he works in factory / she likes English .
: ‫ – ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‬٧
after /as soon as
Before (‫ﺗﺎم‬/‫)ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ ( ‫) ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
When
won't + inf → till / until ╣ → ‫ﺗﺎم‬/‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
e.g. After my father finishes his work, he will take us to the club.
I won't watch TV until I finish my homework
As soon as / After / When I arrive, I’ll go to the shops.
:Key words ‫ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬.٣
:‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ت دا‬  ‫ت ا‬‫ا‬
(Always ً ‫ داﺋﻤ ﺎ‬, usually ً‫ ﻋ ﺎدة‬, often ً ‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﺎ‬, sometimes ً ‫أﺣﯿﺎﻧ ﺎ‬, ever ‫ﻟﻸﺑ ﺪ‬/ً ‫ داﺋﻤ ﺎ‬, never ً‫ أﺑ ﺪا‬, rarely ً‫ ﻧ ﺎدرا‬,
scarcely ً‫ ﻧ ﺎدرا‬, seldom ً‫ ﻧ ﺎدرا‬, hardly ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜ ﺎد‬, frequently ‫ ﺑ ﺼﻮرة ﻣﺘﻜ ﺮرة‬, generally ً ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﺎ‬, every ‫ﻛ ﻞ‬,
occasionally ‫ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺤﯿﻦ واﻵﺧﺮ‬, from time to time ‫) ﻣﻦ وﻗﺖ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ‬
‫ أو أو‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬ ‫ و‬‫ ا‬‫وف ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬
every day/ every week / every year/ twice a week / twice a month /
Rania goes to the club every Monday. Every Monday Rania goes to the club.
verb to be  ‫ أو‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬: ‫ار و‬‫وف ا‬‫ ظ‬ ‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬ 
always - ً ‫ داﺋﻤﺎ‬usually ً‫ﻋﺎدة‬ -often - ً‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬sometimes– ً‫أﺣﯿﺎﻧﺎ‬
- rarely ً‫ ﻧﺎدرا‬- never ً‫ – أﺑﺪا‬ever – frequently ‫ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‬- occasionally
- I sometimes walk to school. - My brother often watches TV.
- I am never late for school. - She is always tired in the evenings.
:Negation ‫ ا‬.٣
‫ ( وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬i/ they/ we / you ) ‫( (ﻣﻊ‬don't ) ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-١
- they don't like pizza. I don't play football on Friday.
‫ ( وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬he/ she /it ) ‫ ( ﻣﻊ‬doesn’t) ) ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-٢
He doesn't want a parrot. - she doesn't want a kitten.
(s)    ‫ و‬doesn't ‫ن‬  never ‫ أن م‬-٣

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢١ The legend

 Ex :Ahmed doesn't study English = Ahmed never studies English
: ‫ال‬‫ ا‬.5
‫ ا‬+Do + (you/they)+ ‫ر‬ + ‫ ا‬ ?
‫ ا‬+Does + (he/she/it/your+ ‫د‬ ‫)ا‬+ ‫ر‬ + ‫ ا‬ ?

√-When do you go to school? -- I go to school at 7 o'clock

√- Where does she live, Sara? -- She lives in America.
√- How does your father go to work? -- he goes by car.

Do + (you/they)+ ‫ر‬ + ‫ ا‬ ?

Does + (he/she/it/your+ ‫د‬ ‫)ا‬+ ‫ر‬ + ‫ ا‬ ?
ex-Do you like fish ? yes, I do /No, I don't
Do they play tennis?. yes, they do, No they don't
‫ات م‬‫د ا‬  ‫ال‬‫ ا‬
How often+ Does/do +( )+ ‫ر‬ + ‫ ا‬ ?

( always–usually- never- every week–once – twice – three times )‫أﺟﺎﺑﺔ ب‬

How often do you go to the library ?
I go to library twice a week .

( ‫ ) ﻳﻌﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻥ‬-: ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬

:‫ت‬‫ة ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬‫دة ا‬‫ ا‬ 
1- (Be / get) + used to + ("v +ing" / noun)
2- It is SB’s habit + to + inf
3-  + (am / is / are) + in the habit of + "v + ing"
4-  + usually +  ‫رع‬.
5- (Noun / "v + ing") + is + SB’s habit.
e.g. # # Amr is used to studying hard.
# Amr is in the habit of studying # It is Amr’s habit to study hard.
# Amr usually studies hard. # Studying hard is Amr’s habit.

The past simple tense

:Form ‫ ا‬.١
:‫ﯾﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﺑﺄﺣد اﻟﺗراﻛﯾب اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
E.g. Play→ played / talk → talked . ‫ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ‬ed ‫ ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬-١
E.g. live →lived / close → closed .e ‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﮭﯿﺎ ً ﺑـ‬d ‫ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬.٢
E.g. study → studied/ carry→ carried .‫ وﻗﺒﻠﮫ ﺣﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬y‫ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﮭﯿﺎ ً ﺑـ‬y‫ وﺣﺬف اﻟـ‬ied ‫ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬.٣
.‫ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﮭﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺤﺮف ﺳﺎﻛﻦ وﻗﺒﻠﮫ ﺣﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك واﺣﺪ وھﻨﺎك ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻷﺧﯿﺮ‬ed ‫ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻷﺧﯿﺮ ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ‬.٤
E.g. Stop stopped / drop dropped
fix → fixed / follow →followed . ‫ ( وﻗﺒﻠﺔ ﺣﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ﻻ ﯾﺗم ﻣﺿﺎﻋﻔﺔ ھذه اﻟﺣروف‬x / y / w )‫وﻟﻜﻦ اذا اﻧﺘﮭﻰ ب‬
.‫ ھﻨﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﺷﺎذة ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗُﺤﻔﻆ‬.٥
E.g. buy bought / take took / build built
:Usage ‫ا‬‫ ا‬.٢
:‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
.‫ ا‬ ‫أ وام‬ ‫ث‬ .١
E.g. I played football yesterday. I was in Alexandria a month ago.
.("‫د أن‬‫ " ا‬ ‫" وا‬used to"   ) ‫ ا‬ ‫دة‬ .٢
E.g. When I was in Paris, I used to play(played) tennis.
(Always- often- never.....)‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ان ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﯿﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬:‫ﻻﺣﻆ‬
E.g. When he was a child, he always walked to school.
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٢ The legend
 .  .٣
E.g. Ali found a bag, and then he went to the police station.
:‫م‬‫ ا‬if  .٤
E.g. If I had enough money, I'd buy this expensive mobile.
.‫رق ز‬ ‫ك‬  ‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ وا‬  ‫اث ا‬‫ا‬-٥
E.g. First, he paid the taxi, then he got out of the taxi.
When he had an idea, he wrote a short story.
Yesterday, I went to the club and met my friends.
 ‫د‬‫ و‬  would rather  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬-٦
 I'd rather he left now. I'd rather you didn't hunt elephants
:Key words ‫ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬.٣
:‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ت دا‬  ‫ت ا‬‫ا‬

Yesterday - ago - last - once =once upon a time - one day- in the past- in ancient times –
in old days- in 1995 - from.2003...to 2008 - َِ ‫ أ‬ The other day – how long ago=when

:Negation ‫ ا‬.٤

( didn' + ‫ر‬‫ ) ا‬‫ م‬‫ ا‬ 
 I didn't play football yesterday / he didn't go to school last week.
:‫ال‬‫ ا‬.٥
‫ ا‬ + did +  + ‫ر ا‬+‫ ا‬ ?
 What did you eat? I ate fish.
 where did you go yesterday? I went to the club
//// Did +  + inf …….? 
Did Amir see his friends? Yes, he did./No, he didn’t.
( ‫ ) اﻋﺗـــــــــــﺎد ان‬-: ‫ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ت‬‫ة ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬‫دة ا‬‫ ا‬ 
1- ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ used to + inf
2- It was SB’s habit to + inf
3- ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬+ (was / were) + in the habit of + (v + ing)
4- ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬+ got into the habit of + (v + ing)
5- ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬+ no longer + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل = ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺑﺳﯾط‬+don't/doesn't +‫…… ﻓﻌل‬.any longer/more
6- (Noun / v + ing) + (was / were) + SB’s habit.
e.g. Amr used to study hard.
 Amr was in the habit of studying hard.
 Studying hard was Amr’s habit.
 It was Amr’s habit to study hard # Amr got into the habit of studying hard
 Amr no longer studies hard=He doesn't study hard any longer
Exercises
1- Ali always ……………. to school by bus.
a- comes b- will come c- coming d- to come
2- My brother …………….a lot of money from his job as a pilot.
a going to earn b earns c earn d earning
3- Neil Armstrong …………….on the moon 1n 1969.
a walk b walks c walked d walking
4- he often ………….in science magazines.
a write b writes c wrote d writing
5- when I went on holiday, I always ……………..a lot of photographs.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٣ The legend

a take b takes c took d taking
6- our teacher of English…………….speaks Arabic in class.
a- don't b- doesn't c- never d- won't
7-he rarely comes to school late. he ……….comes early.
a- never b- hardly c- often d- sometimes
8- scientists ……………useful things for their countries.
a-do always b-always do c-are always d-always are
9- when I was young, I ………….long hours.
a-sleep b-have slept c-used to sleep d-was slept
10- he………….for five hours every day last week.
a-has worked b-had worked c-worked d-works
11-it rarely……….in the western desert.
a-rain b-rains c-rained d-is raining
12- Nesma first met her best friend when she …….………. At primary school.
a- Has been b- was being c- was d-is
13-before she…………..the house, she will do the shopping.
a-will clean b-cleaned c-cleans d-cleaning
14-according to the time table, the train…………….at 9 a.m
a-arrived b-arrives c-will arrive d-is arriving
15- Omar………….. . That's why he is always fit.
a. don't smokes b. smoke c. doesn't smokes d. never smokes
16-ali always……..to work when he was young.
a-walked b-walks c-is walking d-was walking
17- My company …………..an important meeting last month.
a. have b. has c. had d. is having
18 There are always economic crises ………. wars.
a while b as c when d during
19 I ………. till my friend arrives to go to the club together.
a left b didn’t leave c won’t leave d am leaving
20-Mr Hassan feels better now. He ……….smokes.
a. any more b. used to c. no longer d. still
21-I ……….tennis for two years when I was young.
a. was played b. played c. have played d. had played
22-she is used to ...................at night.
a- study b-studying c-studied d-studies
23- I'd rather you...........english hard.
a- study b- are studying c-studied d-studies
24- he .................the letter and sent it by post.
a-writes b-write c-wriote d-is writing

:Form ‫ ا‬.١

( was/were + verb + ing )  ‫ ا‬‫ن ا‬ :‫ت‬‫ ا‬  -١
i He, She, It was
We, You, They were
+ ( v) + ing
).
( was/were not + verb + ing )  ‫ ا‬‫ن ا‬ :‫ ا‬  -٢
i He, She, It was not
+ ( v) + ing
We, You, They were not
).
( was, were + sub…+ verb + ing ....?)  ‫ ا‬‫ن ا‬ :‫ال‬‫ ا‬  -٣

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٤ The legend

 was he, she, it
What ( ‫ ا‬ ) + ( v + ing )…?
were we, you, they
- I was reading a book when my friend arrived.
- What were they doing yesterday? They were playing football
Was he/she (having lunch)? Yes, he/she was. No, he/she wasn’t.
Who was (playing football)? The (boys) were (playing football).
:Usage ‫ا‬‫ ا‬.٢
.‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ث ا‬   ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬.١
E.g. We were watching TV all the evening yesterday.
Tarek was eating dinner at noon yesterday.
.‫ ا‬ ‫ث آ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ث‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬-٢
I was having lunch when the phone rang
While/as I was having lunch , the phone rang
.‫ ﻳﻌﱪ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﳛﺪﺛﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬-٣
While my father was watching TV, my mother was cooking in the kitchen.
While he was driving to work, he was talking on his mobile phone.

1-While /As/ just as/when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴـﻴـﻂ‬.

2- ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴـﻴـﻂ‬ While /As/ just as/when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
3-when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴـﻴـﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

:‫ت‬

1- While (‫)ﺑﺪون ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ v. + ing = While + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ = ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬During + noun ‫اﺳﻢ‬
- While having (I was having) lunch, the phone rang. = During my lunchtime, the phone rang.
2- When + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ = ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬On + v. + ing
►When the thief saw the police, he ran away.= On seeing the police, the thief ran away.
:  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ و‬‫ ا‬‫اس وو‬‫ وا‬‫ وا‬‫ر وا‬‫ل ا‬‫ أ‬ ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬  – ٣
want – think – like – love – hate – belong – have – see – hear - taste – smell –be -seem
e.g. She seemed ill when I visited her.
While I was at home, a man knocked on the door and asked for help.
4-   + because/as/since +  
e.g. I didn’t answer the phone because I was praying.
She didn’t see the thief since she was watching TV.
:Key words ‫ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬.٣
:‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
(all + morning, afternoon, evening, night, time ), while , as , just as , when ,
between 6 and 8 , at ...o'clock yesterday , at...o'clock last, The whole/all day yesterday ‫ ا‬‫ل ا‬‫ط‬
)
Past Perfect ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﻡ‬

:Form ‫ ا‬.١

had + p.p. ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻦ‬
After I had done my homework, I went to bed.
Before he travelled abroad, he had graduated.
:Usage ‫ا‬‫ ا‬.٢
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٥ The legend
 .‫ ا‬ ‫ث آ‬  ‫ث و‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ -١
After Mai had returned from school, she studied her lessons.
.‫ ا‬if -٢
If I had been more careful, I wouldn't have lost my mobile.
:‫ض‬‫ ا‬ ‫ وا‬‫ م‬ ‫م‬‫ ( و‬‫ او‬ ‫ث‬ ) ‫ ا‬  ‫وث‬ ‫ر‬/  (because)  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ : ٣
exI was very tired because I had studied too much
He went to hospital because he had eaten bad food.
 We weren’t hungry because we had already eaten.
 Hassan didn't' play football because he had forgotten his football trainers
:Key words ‫ا‬‫ وا‬‫ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬.٣
1-After /as soon as/when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴـﻴـﻂ‬.
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴـﻴـﻂ‬ After /as soon as/when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗـﺎﻡ‬
Ex-After/as soon as I had done my homework, I watched TV .
Ex- I watched TV .After/as soon as I had done my homework,

2-Before/ by the time/when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎﻡ‬.

‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎﻡ‬ Before/ by the time/when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬

Ex- I had done my homework before/ by the time I watched TV .

 before/ by the time I watched TV ,I had done my homework.

3- ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬ till – until ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎﻡ‬

‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬didn’t/wouldn't/couldn't+ inf till – until ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎﻡ‬
‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬wasn't/weren't + p.p till – until ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎﻡ‬

 I didn't watch TV (till / until) I had done my homework.

She couldn't answer the question until she had looked at it twice.
I wouldn't leave the office until I had checked that all the doors were locked
my car wasn't repaired until I had taken it to the mechanic.

no sooner than  .......... 

4-  + had + hardly + p.p. when + past simple  
scarcely when

E.g. They had no sooner finished painting our new house than we moved into it.
They had hardly finished painting our new house when we moved into it.
.‫ ﻧﺿﻊ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬no sooner/hardly/scarcely ‫إذا ﺑدأت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺑــ‬
No sooner than
Hardly + had + subject ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬+ p.p.+ when + past simple ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
Scarcely when
E.g. No sooner had they finished painting our new house than we moved into it.
Hardly had they finished painting our new house when we moved into it.
:‫ت‬
‫ ﺍﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬v.ing ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬after/before ‫ﻳﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ : ١‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
After + ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬+ing → ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬/Before + ‫ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬+ ving → ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬
Ex- After doing the shopping , she returned home .
She had done the shopping before returning home .

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٦ The legend

 after/as soon as + S + had + P.P\ ‫ ﺑﺪﻻﻣﻦ‬Having + P.P ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ : ٢‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
Ex → after she had done the shopping , she returned home .(having)
 Having done the shopping , she returned home .
By +(yesterday/2013 )‫ ﻓﱰﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ‬+ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎﻡ‬: ٣‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
E.g. By yesterday, he had reached Paris./ By1913, the titanic had shipwrecked.
: ‫ﻳﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻻﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ ﻭﻫﻰ‬ ٤‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
……..discovered\found\realized\knew\remembered\heard…..S.+ had + P.P

Ex: When I arrived at the station I found that the train had left the station.
as soon as/after I saw ahmed, I realized that I had forgotten his book at home.
After I heard that I had passed the exam, I phoned my dad.
:‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬After that ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‬Before that ‫ ﻳﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬: ٥ ‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬
Ex: I watched the film but before that I had done my homework.
Ex: I had had a shower , after that I went out.
(already/just/never/for/since )‫ ﻳﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺟﺎء ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬: ٦‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ‬
►I had never tried Chinese food before I went to that restaurant.
►The lesson had already started when he arrived in the classroom.
:‫ﻓﻬﻰ ﺗﺎﺗﻰ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬Until ‫ ﻻﳚﺐ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻝ‬:٧ ‫ظ‬
He refused to leave the place until he had taken the money.
He lived in Cairo until he died.
He couldn’t travel until he had got a passport
I won't help him until I finish my work
I had waited at the garage until my car was repaired.
We waited for the bus until it arrived.
: (‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱰﻛﻴﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ) ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺯﻣﲎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﺛﲔ‬:٨ ‫ظ‬
After /as soon as/ when ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴـﻴـﻂ‬.
Ex: When she saw a snake in front of her, she cried.
Ex: He told me as soon as he heard the news.

Exercises
1 I didn’t go to school until I ………..… breakfast.
a have b had c have had d had had
2 Having ………. the visa, I booked a flight to Canada.
a received b had received c to receive d receiving
3 As soon as I saw the accident, I ………. the ambulance.
a phone b will phone c had phoned d phoned
4 I returned the book to the library when I ………. it.
a will read b had read c was reading d have read
5 I realized that I …a silly mistake in the exam when I returned home and checked my answer
.a have made b had made c am making d made
6) Kamal ………. an English person before he met my friend Jack.
a. did not meet b. has not met c. won’t meet d. had not met
7) Before there was a bus to her village, Mona and her brother…………..to school.
a. had always walked b. were walking c. have always walked d. walk
8) When we saw the hotel, we ……… that it was a great place for a holiday.
a. were knowing b. had known c. have known d. knew
9) The tourists …... walking until they had reached the top of the mountain.
a. didn’t stop b. stopped c. haven’t stopped d. won’t stop
10) I ………. the office until I had checked that all the doors were locked.
a. won’t leave b. wouldn’t leave c. hadn’t left d. wasn’t left
11- Maya ..........................the fruit carefully before she bought it.
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٧ The legend
a had checked b checks c has checked d checking
12- Ahmed’s grandmother……… ill when he visited her yesterday.
a was seeming b had seemed c seemed d has seemed
13- Hassan couldn’t answer the phone because he …………….…………his father’s car
a washed b was washing c had washed d has washed
14-As soon as I got to the station, I realised that I ……… my train.
a) had missed b) missed c) have missed d) miss
15-While My sister was studying, I ………………..television.
a-watched b-watching c-will watch d-was watching
16) .............. reaching the airport, Ali found out that he had left his suitcases at home.
a. On b. While c. When d. Despite
17) By the time Mohammed was 22, he ...................... the military service.
a. is joining b. was joining c. had joined d. joined
18) I turned off the light before ................. to bed. 2018
a. go b. going c. went d. to go
19) President Sadat died in 1981, before that our army........the Suez Canal.
a. crossed b. had crossed c. have crossed d. was crossing
20) No sooner ............................. the noise than we rushed to the spot. 2014
a. had we heard b. did we hear c. we had heard d. we did hear
21. Yesterday evening, we ………………for our English test when all the lights went out.
a) revising b) were revising c) revised d) had revised
22- She didn’t see the thief since she……………..TV.
a) had watched b) has watched c) watched d) was watching
23-They couldn't go swimming because they ............….. their swimsuits.
a) forget b) have forgotten c) had forgotten d) will forget
24-my car................until I had taken it to the mechanic.
a-repaired b-wasn't repaired c-didn't repair d-doesn't repair
25-On seeing the fire, the man …………………… the fire brigade.
a. had called b. was called c. was calling d. called
26-Having graduated, he ……….abroad.
a. travelled b. had travelled c. has travelled d. travels
27-They wrote the report after ……….the experiment.
a. do b. did c. doing d. had done
28-……….playing tennis at the club, the boy had a shower.
a. While b. As soon as c. During d. After
29- Hardly had he reached the island………..he found himself alone
a) than b) then c) when d) while
30-when we got to the show, unfortunately all seats.................................
a-were taking b-took c-had taken d-had been taken


Unit 3
Conditional forms
(zero conditional) : ‫" ا‬if" 
→ If/when + ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬, → ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫* ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻓﻌﺎل او اﺣﺪاث ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻋﺎدة‬
EX → if I feel hot , I take a bath . If we mix red and green, we get blue.
→ if I have a headache, I take aspirin. Streets become wet if it rains
If I am tired , I go to bed. I get a headache if I read for too long
If / When I read in bed, I fall asleep. It’s a habit.
( ‫* ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ) ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ واﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎء واﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎء اﻟﻔﻠﻚ‬
Ex → if/when metals are heated , they expand. If you heat ice, it melts -
If we freeze water , it turns into ice. If you boil water , it evaporates.
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٨ The legend
 If the bark is badly damaged, the tree dies/ when molten glass cools, it is hardened

:‫و‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬ ‫ ا‬‫م‬ ‫ واذا‬  ‫ و‬ ‫ن ا‬ ‫ ان‬ :‫ظ‬-
:‫ل‬‫ او ا‬‫ ا‬ this / that / these / those ‫رة‬‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ ا‬-١
-If you heat the ice in this pan, it will melt .
- if you don't water these plants soon , they will die.
( my/his/her/its/your/their/our ) ‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ ا‬-٢
If the plants on our farm get very thirsty , we will irrigate them.
What happens if you freeze water? : ً◌ ‫ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺮﯾﺔ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬-

(1st conditional) :‫و‬‫" ا‬if" 

:‫" اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬if" ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬

If + ‫ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬, ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ will/can/may/should + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬

Ex - If the bus arrives late again, I’ll phone my mother.
Ex -Tarek is ill. If he’s better tomorrow, he’ll come to school.
:‫" اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ‬if" ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
:‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬.‫ﺷﺮط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬-١
If you study hard, you will succeed.
:‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬.prediction ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬-٢
If there are clouds, it will rain.
:‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬.promise ‫اﻟﻮﻋﺪ‬-٣
If you get high marks, I will buy you a new mobile phone.
:‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬.threat ‫اﻟﺘﮭﺪﯾﺪ‬-٤
If you annoy your brother, I will punish you.
:: ‫ﻣﻼﺣـﻈـــﺎت‬
:‫ ﳑﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ‬-١
If you want to succeed , you should study hard.
If there is a law , you must obey it.
:‫ ﳑﻜﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻬﻰ‬-٢
1- If you meet ali , invite him to the party.
2- If you see my father, don't tell him what happened.
(If) ‫ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ أداة اﻟﺸﺮط‬
:‫( ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺩﺍﺓ‬if ) ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬--١
(provided that) ‫ = ﺑﺸﺮط أن‬As long as ‫ = طﺎﻟﻤﺎ‬provided that) =‫( ﺑﺸﺮط أن‬in case ) = ‫ ﺗﺤﺴﺒﺎ ﻟــــــ‬only if‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻮ‬
 I'll attend the party provided that(in case) he invites me.
- I'll lend you the money as long as you promise to pay it back soon.
In case of + noun/ v. ing +   ‫ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫او‬
e.g.- In case of getting his passport, he will travel abroad.
: ‫( ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬if ) ‫ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬:-٢
( But for ) + noun /Without + noun/ v. ing = Unless+ ‫ت‬‫ = ا‬If+ not
e.g.- if you don't hurry, You will be late = unless you hurry, You will be late
=Without hurrying, you would be late.
 Without (But for) his hard work, he will fail.
.‫( وﻓﺎﻋل و ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدر‬Should) ‫( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ و ﻧﺑدأ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬If) ‫ ُﺗﺣذف‬-٤
- If he has enough time, he will watch the football match.
- Should he have enough time, he will watch the football match.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٢٩ The legend

 What will + sub + do if ( ‫? ) ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺿﺎرع ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ً : ‫ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬-٦

(2nd conditional) :‫م‬‫" ا‬if" 

:‫" اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬if" ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬

If + ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ , ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ would/might/ could+ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬

:‫" اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ‬if" ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫رع‬‫ ا‬  ‫ء‬ ‫ أو‬    -١
 If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house
If Ali were/was taller, he would be a good basketball player.
If I was / were rich, I would build a palace!
If Egypt had a lot of rain, it might have a lot more trees.

‫ ا‬  were ‫ا‬‫ ا‬ :‫ ا‬  ‫ ا‬‫م‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ -٢
- If I were you, I’d help poor people - .If I were you, I wouldn't waste my time.

What would + sub + do if ( ‫? ) ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ً : ‫ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬-

(If) ‫ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ أداة اﻟﺸﺮط‬

( If ) ) ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬-
In case of +   noun/ v. ing : ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬-١
- In case of getting his passport, he would travel abroad.
( But for ) + noun /Without + noun/ v. ing = Unless+ ‫ت‬‫ = ا‬If+ not : ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬:-٢
You wouldn't catch the bus if you didn't run fast. = You wouldn't catch the bus unless you ran fast.
=Without running fast, you wouldn't catch the bus.
I would get low marks but for his help.
‫( ﻓﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬without ) ‫ ( ﳏـــﻞ‬V. ing /n.+) If it were not for ‫ ﲢـــﻞ‬- ٣
If it were not for + v.ing /n . subj.+ Would + inf …
►But for (Without) her cleverness, she would get low marks.
= If it weren't for her cleverness, she would get low marks.
‫م‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ (If) ‫ف أداة ا‬
( .to + inf) ‫ ( و ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬were) ‫( و ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑـ‬if) ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﺤﺬف‬-١
Were + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ to + ‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬, ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ would + ‫ﻣﺼﺪراﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
If he worked hard, he would succeed. = Were he to work hard, he would succeed.
‫ ( (ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬if ): ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن‬were ) ) ‫ وإذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬-٢
Were + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬, ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ would + ‫ﻣﺼﺪراﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
If I were tall, I would play basketball. = Were I tall, I would play basketball.
‫ ﻓـﻰ اﻟﺤــﺎﻟــﺔ اﻟﺜـﺎﻧﯿـﺔ وﯾﻠﯿـﮭـﺎ اﺳــﻢ ﺑﺸﺮط أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻌﻼ اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬If ‫ ﻣﺤـــﻞ‬Had ‫ـ ﺗﺤـــﻞ‬٣
Had + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ........... , ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ would + ‫ﻣﺼﺪراﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house = Had I a million dollars, I would buy a big house
.‫( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺎﻟــــﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾــــﺔ‬If) ‫( ﺑدﻻ ﻣن‬Suppose / Supposing (that) / Imagine (that)) ‫ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬-٤
 Suppose / Supposing / Imagine (that) you found a job in Cairo, what would you do?
.‫( ﻣﺛل اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻲ و ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺻدر‬Should) ‫( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾــــﺔ و ﻧﺑدأ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬If) ‫ ُﺗﺣذف‬-٥
 If he played well, he would win
- Should he play well, he would win

Exercises
1- What would you do if you…………………………some money in the street?
a) will find b) would have found c) find d) found
2- If I swim in the sea, I always ……….cold. a- feel b- feels c- will feel
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٠ The legend
d - feeling
3- If we lived in England, we …………… English every day.
a- speak b- will speak c -would speak d- spoke
4- I always……………. ill if I go on a boat.
a feel b will feel c would feel d feeling
5- If I ………….a camera. I would take a photo of the family party.
a had b have c have had d would have
6- If you…………….. very fast. you'll catch your train.
a ran b running c runs d run
7-If I had to add two long numbers together in my head, it …………me two or three minutes.
a-takes b-will take c-would take d-taking
8-I wouldn’t be able to read if I …………..my glasses.
a-lose b-will lose c- lost d-losing
10- If I …………….the numbers on paper, it is easier to add them.
a-see b-will see c-would see d-seeing
11- …………….coming late, you will be punished.
a- unless b- in case of c- if d- without
12. ……….he enough money, he would buy anew car.
a. Had b. Were c. If d. Unless
13-if you mix yellow and blue you …………..green
a- will get b-get c-would get d-got
14-If it is cold this month , our plants ……………….
a-die b-will die c-would die b-had died
15-If I read in bed, I …………. asleep. It’s a habit.
a-could fall b-fall c-falling d-would fail
16-if you practise a sport, you……………better at it.
a-could get b-will get c-get d-would get
.17-...............she to work hard, he would succeed.
a. Had b. Were c. If d. Unless
18- I won’t know what the book is about……………. reading it.
a-in case of b-without c-unless d-provided that
19-…………………. that you lived by the sea, would you go swimming every day?
a- condition b-supposed c-provide d-imagine
20-………………….. his intelligence, he wouldn’t pass all these tests.
a. If it isn’t for b. If it weren’t for c. Unless there is d. In case of
21……….he a proper plan, he wouldn't waste his time. 2018
a. Had b. Were c. If d. Unless
22- I would have that mobile if I …………….. enough money.
a had had b had c have had d would have
23- Iron ……….. if you leave it in the open air.
a rust b will rust c rusts d would rust
24 If she read the news, she …………….. shocked to read about the terrible accident.
a is b will be c would be d were
25-……….he study hard, he will succeed.
a. Were b. If c. Had d. Should
26-It ……….better if it cost us less money.
a. will b. will be c. would is d. would be
27-if I had written work, I ......................it at once
a-would do b-will do c-would have done d-did

Unit 4

Present Perfect ‫ﺍﳌﻀـﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﻡ‬

have/has + p.p ← ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻦ‬

‫ و‬ ‫ دون‬‫ ا‬  ‫ث‬   -١
E.g. – I have painted the house .
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣١ The legend
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ أو‬  ‫ ام‬‫ ا‬ ‫اث‬‫ أ‬  ‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬-٢
Mai has just washed the dishes
. ‫رع‬‫ ا‬  ‫زال‬‫ و‬‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ث‬ – ٣
We have lived in Giza for ten years / since 2006 .
‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ او م‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ث‬-٤
 I can't open the door because I have lost my keys.
Ali is happy because he has passed his exam
 Ahmed has hurt his leg, so he can’t play football today.
‫ا‬‫ وا‬‫ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ا‬
Ever → ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال وﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺒﺮات اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ و ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻻن → ﺳﺒﻖ‬
Have you ever been to America ?
This is the best book I have ever read .
never ‫ﺗﺎﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺒﺮات اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ → اﺑﺪا‬
I’ve been to London but I have never been to Paris.
I have never eaten Chinese food
Yet→ ‫ ﺣﺘﻰ أﻻن‬/ ‫ → ﺑﻌﺪ‬.‫ ا‬‫ال و ا‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬ 
Have you finished your homework yet
I haven’t had breakfast yet.
Just → ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻟﺤﻈﺎت‬/ ‫ → ﺗﻮا‬a few minutes ago/ short time ago
Leila isn’t here. She’s just gone
Already →‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬/ ‫ ا‬‫ م‬ ‫ أو‬‫ ا‬‫( و ا‬has) ‫( و‬have )  
I have already had lunch .  Leila has finished her homework already.
Since + (‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬) ‫ث‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬ For +  ‫ة‬
Last (week- month – year – Monday - ( a week – a month – a year )
night ) ( three hours / minutes )
1995 / 5 o'clock /Sunday ( five days /ten years )
The /this morning –yesterday ( a long time / ages )
Lunch time – spring – then – a night- more than-some time
His arrival/ childhood/death a while / a decade /a season/ ever
Marriage/ birthday For the last/past + ‫ة ز‬
I /He/she was ………../the age of…… for the last week/month.
Since the last + ‫ا‬ s ‫ ب‬‫وام‬a/an/the ‫ا ب‬    
since the last visit.

e.g. She has been in hospital since Sunday

I have played football for 6 years
: ( ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﺎت ھــــــﺎﻣﺔ ) ﺗﺤﻔـــــﻆ‬
‫ او اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬the last time ‫ او‬for ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬since ‫ – ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬١

‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬+ For + ‫ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬

= it's + ‫ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬+Since + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
= the last time + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬+ Was + ‫ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬+ ago
= ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ last + ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬+ ‫ ﻣﺪة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬+ ago in+ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬
E.g → I haven't met him for two weeks
= It's two weeks since I met him .
= I last met him two weeks ago.= The last time I met him was two weeks ago.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٢ The legend

 sub+ have/has + p.p/( been+ ving) + Since +  +  
 Adel hasn’t contacted me since he left Cairo
Khaled has not used a camera since he bought a mobile phone last year.
‫ او اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬when ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬since ‫ – ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬٢
‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬+ since + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
= ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ last + ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬+ when + ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
E.g → I last caught fish when I was in Hurghada.
I haven’t caught any fish since I was in Hurghada.
has/have been to ‫ ذھﺐ اﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن وﻋﺎد ﻣﻨﮫ‬-٣
E.g. Ahmed, where have you been?
He has been to London ( he is here now )
has/have gone to ‫ذھﺐ اﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن وﻟﻢ ﯾﻌﺪ او ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻰ ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
He has gone to London ( he is still there )
Ali has gone to school./ where has heba gone? I can't find her.
Belal is not here. He has gone to the dentist’s

Exercises
1- It's more than 20 years ............... I travelled abroad.
a) while b) before c) when d) since
2. Salma .........................tennis since she was five years old.
a) has played b) was playing c) played d) is playing
3. Oh! I ............... my passport. What should I do?
a) lost b) have lost c) had lost d) were losing
4-It’s two weeks since we last ……………..
a- meeting b-had met c-have met d-met
5-Tamer …………………..a lot of health problems since he started living in that polluted city.
a-has b-had c-has had d-was having
6-I have ……………….. been to the zoo before.
a- Just b- yet c- ever d- never
7-Belal is not here. He has ………………. to the dentist’s
a-went b-gone c-been d-goes
8-This is the best book that I …………………………….
a-have never read b-was reading c-am reading d-have ever read
9-Ahmed …………….his leg, so he can’t play football today.
a- has hurt b-hurt c-was hurting d-had hurt
10- this is the tallest girl I've ……………seen.
a- for b- never c- ever d- since
11…………………he graduated , he hasn't found a suitable job.
a- when b- since c- for d- while
12- Have you done your English home work...................?
a- just b- yet c- never d- ever
13- I haven‘t seen him.......... the last week.
a) ago b) already c) for d) since
14- Ali has had his phone ………. the beginning of this year.
a- for b- since c- already d- just
15. Hamdi has ……… to England. He’ll be home next week.
a. gone b. been c. go d. went
16- Ola is nervous because she is ……………. A talk to the class before.
a- Never gives b- had never given c- never used to give d- has never given
17-I haven’t seen the new adventure film………………….
a- Just b- yet c- already d- never
18-You can see Ali now because he ……………………………home.
a just arrived b has yet arrived c has just arrived d already arrived
19- My little brother is sad because he ................... his favourite toy.
a is breaking b was breaking c had broken d has broken

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٣ The legend

20- We have a lot of food in the kitchen because my mother…………. to the shops.
a has never been b has just gone c has just been d has yet been
21. Radwa doesn't know what flying is like. She...........
a) has ever flew b) has never flown c) has ever flown d) ’d never flown
22- I haven’t met the minister…..……….. .It’s the first time to meet him.
a yet b before c already d never
23- My uncle ……….as a taxi driver for ten years. Now, he is a worker in a big clothes factory.
a works b was working c has worked d worked
24- I haven’t seen Mazen………. the last time we met in Alexandria.
a while b when c for d since
25-Ahmed, where have you ..................?
a-went b-gone c-been d-were
26-I'm thirsty, I ……….since yesterday.
a. didn't drink b. haven't drunk c. hadn't drunk d. don't drink
27-My neighbours ……….to Aswan since two years ago.
a. moved b. had moved c. have moved d. will move
28-Have you eaten all the food …………….? You must have been very hungry.
a. yet b. since c. recently d. already

Verbs
to + inf.   ‫ل‬‫ أ‬-١
agree ‫ﯾﻮاﻓﻖ‬ want ‫ﯾﺮﯾﺪ‬
choose ‫ﯾﺨﺘﺎر‬ refuse ‫ﯾﺮﻓﺾ‬
decide ‫ﯾﻘﺮر‬ offer ‫ﯾﻌﺮض‬
expect ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ plan ‫ﯾﺨﻄﻂ‬
hope ‫ﯾﺄﻣﻞ‬ promise ‫ﯾﻌﺪ‬
learn ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬ Would like ‫ﯾﻮد‬

Ex: Everyone agreed to meet at the airport.

Ali has decided to study science at university.
I expect to finish my homework later this evening.
They hope to get a job they enjoy doing.
ing  ‫ف‬    ‫ل‬‫ أ‬-٢
keep  finish 
avoid  practise ‫رس‬
dislike ‫ه‬ suggest ‫ح‬
enjoy  deny 
admit ‫ف ب‬ spend 
mind ‫م‬ recommend 
Ex: He admitted borrowing my pen without asking me.
he enjoys playing with her grandchildren..
He dislikes sleeping during the day.

‫ ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ون ا‬ ing  ‫ف‬  ‫ أو‬to + inf.   ‫ل‬‫ أ‬-٣
Begin = start ‫ ﯾﺒﺪا‬continue ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
like /love ‫ ﯾﺤﺐ‬prefer ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬
Ex: my brother began to work / working as a teacher 5 years ago.
We like to watch / watching tennis.

to + inf.   ‫م‬ /love/prefer) (like ‫ل‬‫ ا‬ would ‫إذا ا‬
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٤ The legend
 Ex: I'd like to finish my work early today.
I'd prefer to drink coffee.
I’d love to go for a swim this evening.

‫ﻣﻊ وﺟود إﺧﺗﻼف ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ (v.+ing ) ‫(أو‬.to+ inf) ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌدھﺎ‬- - ٤
‫( ﻓﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ ان اﻟﺣدث ﻟم ﯾﺗم ﺑﻌد‬.to +inf) ‫(ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ ان اﻟﺣدث ﻗد اﻧﺗﮭﻰ أﻣﺎ اذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌدھﺎ‬Gerund) ‫ھذه اﻷﻓﻌﺎل إذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌدھﺎ‬
remember + (to + inf.)      ‫ أن‬
remember + (v. + ing) ‫ ا‬      ‫ أم‬

Ex- When I was young, I remember visiting my grandmother every week

I love my grandmother. I remember to visit her every week.
stop + (to + inf.) ( ‫ء‬  ) ‫ض‬ 
stop + (v. + ing) ‫ دا‬ ‫ة أو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬   
Ex- He stopped to listen to music = .He stopped what he was doing to listen to music.
He stopped listening to music. = He didn’t listen to music any more.
forget + (to + inf.) (‫ء‬‫ ا‬  ‫ )أى‬ ‫ء‬  ‫ أن‬
forget + (v. + ing) (‫ء‬‫ ا‬ ‫ )أى أم‬ ‫ء‬  ‫ أم‬
He forgot to lock the door = .He didn’t lock it.
He forgot locking the door. = He locked it but couldn’t remember.
try + (to + inf.)   ( ‫ء‬   ‫د‬ ‫ل‬) ‫ول‬ُ
try + (v. + ing) ‫ث‬ ‫ف‬  ‫ى‬‫ و‬،  ‫ء‬ ‫ب‬ُ

I tried to buy some medicine, but the chemist was closed.

I had a headache, so I tried taking some medicine.
regret + (to + inf.) ‫ر‬   ‫ل‬ ‫ او‬ ‫ء‬  ‫ أن‬ ‫ أم‬
regret + (v. + ing) ‫ ا‬  ‫ء‬  

Ex- He regretted to tell you the bad news = He was sorry that it was necessary to tell you the bad news
He regretted selling his car. = He was sorry that he had to sell it.

‫ ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات‬to ‫ ﺑﻌد‬v + ing ‫ اﺳﺗﺧدام‬- ٥

take to ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺎد ﻋﻠﻲ‬ object to ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺮض‬
be used to ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺎد‬ look forward to ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻠﻊ إﻟﻲ‬
be accustomed to ‫ﻣﻌﺘﺎد‬ due to ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
get used to ‫ﯾﻌﺘﺎد ﻋﻠﻲ‬ in addition to ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
owing to ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ thanks to ‫ﺑﻔﻀﻞ‬
Ex: He is used to getting up early.
 He took to drinking.
I look forward to / am used to spending the holidays in Sharm.

‫ ﺑﻌد ھذه اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾرات‬ing ‫ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻓﻌل ﻣﺿﺎف ﻟﮫ‬-٦

be busy ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮل‬ Be worth ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬
have difficulty (in) ‫ﯾﺠﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ How /what about ‫ﻣﺎ رأﯾﻚ ﻓﻰ‬
It’s no good = It’s no use ‫ﻻ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻣﻦ‬ It’s a waste of time ‫ﻣﻀﯿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ‬
Can’t stand ‫ﻻ ﯾﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ Feel like ‫ ﯾﺮﯾﺪ‬/‫ﯾﻮد‬
It’s no good / no use wasting time.
I feel like / can’t help eating sweets
How about looking at that festival for our project?.
Exercises
1. I expect ................ my driving test when I take it next year.
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٥ The legend
a- pass b- to pass c- passing d- to passing
2. I really ................ to very loud music in public places.
a) disagree b) argue c) can't stand d) object
3. My friend suggested ................ for a picnic in the park.
a) go b) to go c) going d) goes
4. We're planning ................ to Europe for our holiday next year.
a) flying b) to fly c) fly d) to flying
5-Thousands of people enjoy ……………………at the sculptures
a) looking b) look c) to look d) looks
6- I remember …………………a TV programme about this topic
a) watch b) to watch c) watching d) watches
7- I really want …………………one of these festivals
a) seeing b) see c) sees d) to see
8- I’ll suggest ……………….to Sham El Nessim festival in Egypt next year
a) going b) to go c) goes d) go
9- When the children stopped ……………., everyone clapped.
a- to sing b-sing c- to singing d-singing
10-They expect thousands of people………… Sapporo for the Snow Festival
a-visit b-would visit c-to visit d-visiting
11-my teacher promised………………….me.
a-visit b-would visit c-to visit d-visiting
12- My parents suggested …………… to the theatre.
a) going b) to go c) goes d) go
13- I really want ………. to Hong Kong for the Chinese New Year.
a) go b) to go c) going d) to going
14-I've arranged …………to the theatre with my family.
a) go b) to go c) going d) to going
15-I'm looking forward………………to a good university.
a) go b) to go c) going d) to going
16-he admitted…………….that mistake.
a-making b-make c-made d-to make
17-I stopped………….a newspaper. I stopped in order to do that.
a-buying b-to buy c-be bought d-buy
18-It's no good…………..time.
a-wasting b-to waste c-waste d-wasted
19-I can't help …………….sweets.
a-eat b-eating c-to eat d-eats
20-I am used to…………………..the holidays in sharm.
a-spend b-spent c-spending d-spends
21-I regret………..to the cinema. it was not a very good film.
a-to go b-to be gone c-gone d-going
22- How about …………………..at that festival for our project?
a-look b-to look c-looking d-looked
23-If I were you, I’d avoid……………..into the city during the festival.
a-travel b-to travel c-travels d-travelling
24-Their teacher is used to ……………… students with their homework
a-helps b-helping c-help d-be helping
25-On my first day at school, I remember ………… into the classroom and seeing my teacher.
a-to go b-to going c-gone d-going
26-If you can’t remember an English word, try………..it up in the dictionary
a-look b-looks c-to look d-looking
27-I tried ………………… some medicine, but the chemist was closed
a- to buy b- buying c- to buying d-buy
28- I had a headache , so I tried …………….some medicine.
a- to take b- taking c- to talking d- takes
29- He found the film quite frightening, so he stopped …………………… it.
a to watch b watched c watch d watching
30 We don’t have any bread because Ali forgot……… some from the baker’s.
a buying b to buy c buy d to buying
31 It was strange in England because we were not used to ……people cars on the left.
a drive b drove c to drive d driving

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٦ The legend

32- Shaimaa stopped ……………children’s books when she went to secondary school.
a reading b to read c read d to reading
33- Do you remember…………………. at that hotel? It was very comfortable.
a staying b to stay c to staying d stay
34- Maya admitted ……………..a mistake and said, “Sorry.”
a making b to make c make d with making
35- I regret…………… that book. It’s not very good.
a to buy b buying c buy d to buying
36 On my way to school, my father stopped……………… a newspaper.
a to buy b buying c buy d bought
37 Karim admitted………….. the plate and said he was sorry.
a breaking b to break c to breaking d break
38- I regret......... that we can’t go to the science museum next week. There are no more tickets.
a saying b said c to say d have said
39I regret …………….. my lessons. I got really bad marks.
a) to neglecting b) to neglect c) neglecting d) neglects
40.I regret ……………… that you have failed your exams.
a) to telling b) to tell c) telling d) told
41. I’m sorry. I forgot ……………………… the light off before going to bed.
a. had turned b. to turn c. turning d. to be turned
42- I tried…………..my computer. But I couldn't
a-fixing b-fixed c-to fix d-to fixing
43.Suddenly everyone stopped …………. There was silence.
a) talk b) talking c) to talk d) talked
44.I tried ……………… him, but he had already left.
a) stopping b) stopped c) stop d) to stop
45-I regret .......... you that Nabil will not be joining the team. I know you wanted him with us.
a) telling b) to tell c) have told d) am telling
46-I forgot …………. my friend last week. I should have done this.
a) phoned b) to phone c) to phoning d) phone

‫ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬- ١

:Form ‫ ا‬.١
will (won't)+ inf ‫ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط اﻟﻌﺎدي وھو ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن‬.
:Usage ‫ا‬‫ ا‬.٢
:‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
:Future facts (‫) ا‬  .١
E.g. I am 18 years old. Next year, I will be 19 years old.
his school will be 50 years old next year
:‫و‬‫ ا‬if  .٢
E.g. If you study hard, you will succeed.
:Promise ‫ ا‬.٣
E.g. I will buy you a new computer when you pass the exam.
:Threat ‫ ا‬.٤
E.g. I will call the police if you do that again.
:Offering help ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬ .٥
E.g. Your bag looks heavy. I Will help you carry it.
:Asking for help ‫ة‬ ‫ ط‬.٦
E.g. Will you help me do my homework, please?
:Prediction (‫ون د‬ )‫ ا‬.٧
E.g. I think it will rain tomorrow.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٧ The legend

 I think the next generation of phones will be expensive.
Do you think that Cairo will be bigger in the future?
There's a TV programme about wild life in Egypt. I think it will be good.
I expect that Egypt will achieve progress in all fields.
:Quick decision ‫ار ا‬‫ ا‬.٨
E.g. Someone is knocking on the door. I'll see who is there.
I’m tired. I think I’ll go to bed now.
The shirt is fashionable .I think I will buy it soon.
-I'm hungry. I think I will have a sandwich.
:Warning ‫ ا‬.٩
E.g. take your umbrella with you or you will get wet
: ‫ ا‬‫وا‬‫ ا‬  – ١٠
after /as soon as
Before (/ ‫رع‬) (  )
When
won't + inf → till / until ╣ → ‫ﺗﺎم‬/‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
Ex- when he comes (has come), I will help you. He won't leave until his sister arrives/has arrived
: ‫ات ا‬‫وف وا‬‫ل وا‬‫ ا‬ will ‫م‬-١١
predict-expect-hope- think – believe – promise –wonder - suppose ‫اﻓﻌﺎل‬
Probably-possibly- certainly- perhaps – maybe ‫ظﺮوف‬
Be sure –be afraid –it is probable –it's certain –it's possible- I don't think ‫ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮات‬
: ‫ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬١٢
tomorrow next week / month… ............. ‫د‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬/ ‫ع‬‫ا‬
next ‫ ا‬/ ‫د‬‫ ا‬in the future ‫ ا‬ in 2030 (‫ ا‬ ) ...  
soon  in (‫ )ﻣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬time ‫ل‬ 
tonight ‫ه ا‬ in a few days / weeks ‫ ا‬‫ل ا‬ / ‫ ا‬‫ل ا‬

: be going to + inf ‫ ﺍﳴﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬.٢

: (‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ )ﻟﻢ ﻧﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻟﻪ‬.١
E.g. I have planned/intended to study abroad. = I am going to study abroad.
2- I'm going to buy a new car, I intend to do that . (Intention)
3- I'm going to move to a bigger house next year. ( I've decided it)
Ex: My brother is going to join the faculty of medicine. That’s his plan

: will ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻭﺍﻻﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

Ex- I have decided now that I will go to bed.

‫ ﺍﻭ ﺷـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻭﺷـﻚ‬/think /believe/ ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ) ﻧﺮﺍﺓ ﺍﻭ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺴﻤﻌﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎﺕ‬.٢
: take care /look!/ watch out ! /lookout!/ l‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬
E.g. 1-There are a lot of clouds. I think It is going to rain.
2-Look at this reckless driver! He is going to crash into the car in front.
3-Your glass is on the edge of the table. It is going to fall.
4-Hassan’s playing really well. He’s going to win the game!
5- Watch out! You are going to fall .
6- The other team’s players are very big. It’s going to be a difficult match.
7-My daughter is going to get married. She is engaged.
8-How pale ‫ﺷﺎﺣﺑﺔ اﻟوﺟﮫ‬that girl is! I am sure / I believe / I think/ she is going to faint
9-ali does not study at all. I think he is going to fail the exam.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٨ The legend

10-Stop dropping your phone! You’re going to break it.
11-he can't swim. He is going to drown.

: ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬Will ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻼﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺩﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻨﺎﺧﺬ‬
E.g.1- Messi is a clever player. I think he will score a goal the next match.
2- Hamdi is very fast. I think he will be in the Olympic Games one day!
3- Sara is a good student .I think she will pass all her exams.
4-Ali is a lazy student. I think he will fail the exam.
(intend /intention/plan /decide/ made decision/ made up…mind ) ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬-٣
Ex- A: What are your plans for the next weekend?
- B: I’m going to play computer games.

:‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬.٣

:  ‫ت‬ ‫ ذ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ و‬،  ‫ت‬ ‫د‬‫ و‬  ‫ ا‬  ‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬ -١
arranged /made arrangements / prepared / booked /packed reserved / got / bought
e.g. - He has arranged everything. He’s spending his holiday in Paris.
-We are going on holiday next week. I've already bought the tickets
They are flying to Paris next Friday. They bought the tickets
* I'm leaving for Rome tomorrow afternoon. Everything is already arranged
‫ت‬  ‫ و‬ ‫ا‬‫رات و‬‫ وز‬‫واج و‬‫د وا‬ ‫د‬‫ت وأ‬  ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ -٢
e.g. He's getting married next Friday. We are giving a party tomorrow for Mona's birthday.
The school inspector is coming on Thursday.
‫ل‬‫ة ا‬  ‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬ -٣
(go /come/ visit=see /meet/ travel /see/ stay/fly /arrive/leave/(have/give)  a party
- I'm meeting them on Saturday. - They're going tomorrow.
I’m doing a test next Monday. Our class is visiting a museum tomorrow
-We’re eating dinner in the restaurant carriage this evening
.‫ث ا‬   ‫ م‬‫ ا‬   ‫رة‬   -٤
-Nadia can’t visit you on Saturday. She is helping her mother to prepare for a family party.
- I can't meet you tomorrow as I am doing the shopping.
I can't see you tomorrow, I'm meeting a friend off at the airport

‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬.٤

‫ر‬‫ و ا‬‫ح و ا‬‫ت و ا‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬ : ‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫اول ا‬) ‫ ا‬  ‫رع ا‬‫ ا‬
‫ا‬...... ‫ت‬‫م‬‫ وا‬‫وا‬
e.g. Your train leaves at 6 am tomorrow. The first class begins at 8 o'clock am.
-our next exams start in may. -What time does your bus arrive on Saturday?

The Future Perfect ‫ ا‬‫ا‬-٥

:Form ‫ ا‬.١

will +have + p.p ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻦ‬
written the report. Ex-in a week's time ,I’ll have
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٣٩ The legend
 :Usage ‫ا‬‫ ا‬.٢
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻭ ﰎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
ex- - By the end of next year, the government will have built a new school in the village..
-By this time next week, I will have heard my test results
:Key words ‫ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬.٣
:‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﺒﲑﺍﺕ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
1- In+ ‫ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ in (a year's / four months' / five weeks' / an hour's / ten minutes' /….) time
2- By + ‫ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺤﺪدة‬ By ( next Monday / 2020 / then / ‫ﺣﯿﻨﺌﺬ‬
ٍ the end of next week / month / year /
the end of this lesson…etc)
3- In + (2025) ‫……………… وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد‬for + ‫ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬

Ex - By next Wednesday, I will have done a science test.

Ex - By the time I am twenty-two, I will have finished my university degree.
Ex:By the time I’m 45, I’ll have written four books.
Ex: In 2022,I’ll have worked at this school for twenty years.

(will have been + pp ) ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ‬-٤

- This school will have been built by 2030.
- The new underground railway line will have been built by 2012.

Future continuous ‫ ا‬‫ا‬-٦

:Form ‫ ا‬.١
will (won't) be + v.ing
 At one o’clock tomorrow, I’ll be eating lunch with my friends
This time next week, I will be travelling to Cairo
:Usage ‫ا‬‫ ا‬.٢
‫ ا‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ أو‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ث‬  ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ -
I’ll be playing tennis from 7 to 9 p.m.
► At 9.30 next Tuesday, my father will be flying to London
 I think that I’ll be working on the project for the next 15 to 20 years.
 Between 2020 and 2030, we will be helping people with diabetes.

may be + V.ing
‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ن‬ (‫ة‬  ‫اث‬‫وث )أ‬‫ ا‬ ‫اث‬‫ أ‬  (may be v.ing)  -
- Many more people may be moving to Cairo in the next 50 years.
- In 100 years, people may be living in space.
:Key words ‫ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬.٣

-This time (tomorrow, next (week, month, year)....etc.) .

-At (7) o’clock  this evening / tonight / tomorrow. – Between ( 8 and 10) o’clock.

Exercises
1-Don’t be late , the bus ……………. At exactly ten o’clock.
a- Leaves b- going to leave c- has left d- left
2-A lot of people are waiting for the museum to open. it ………busy there today.
a- Is being b- was c- is going to be d- has been
3-It is very hot in the house. I ……………….. on the air conditioner.
a- Am turning b- turn c- will turn d- am going to turn
4-We cannot use classroom five tomorrow because they…………..…the walls.
a- Paint b- will have painted c- are painting d- will paint
5-The mechanic ……………… repairing your car by the end of the week.

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٠ The legend

a- Will finish b- will have finished c- will be finishing d- is finishing
6-By this time tomorrow, my father ……………………………..to England.
a will fly b would fly c will have flown d flies
7 Your bags look heavy. I ................... you to carry them.
a will be helped b am helping c help d will help
8- The teacher says that we ................... relative clauses next week.
a going to study b study c are studying d studying
9- My grandfather................... 70 on his next birthday!
a is being b will be c is going to be d will have been
10- At ten o'clock tomorrow, I ................... on a train to Aswan!
a travel b will have travelled c going to travel d will be travelling
11-When Ziad goes to America next month, he……………… to four of the world’s continents.
a has been b will go c will be going d will have been
12- It's 35 degrees and it's only 7 a.m. It ................... very hot today. P t
a was b is going to be c is being d will be
13- They ……….a party next week. Everything is arranged.
a. have b. are having c. are going to have d. have had
14-Our last lesson ……………………….. at two o’clock this afternoon.
a-is finishing b-will finish c-finishes d-going to finish
15- There are a lot of people in the room. It…………….. difficult to find a chair.
a-is b-will be c-is going to be d- will have been
16-Look, there’s a sandstorm. I ……………………… the windows.
a-will close b-close c-am gong to close d-am closing
17-There are no clouds in the sky today. I think that it………………………………. very hot.
a- is going to be b- will be c- is being d- is
18- I feel terrible with a severe stomach. I think I………. be sick.
a should b am going to c am to d. will
19- We .................. married next month. Would you like to come to the wedding?
a-will have got b-are getting c-will get d-got
20-I predict that in the future mobile phones …………………. much smaller
a- are going to be b- will be c- will have been d- are
21-By ten o’clock tonight, I …………………………………. all my homework.
a- Will finish b- will have finished c- will be finishing d- am finishing
22-At one o’clock tomorrow, I…………………………. lunch with my friends
a- Will eat b- will have eaten c- will be eating d- am eating
23- I think it ………………… be hot tomorrow.
a is b is going to c will be d going to
24-By the end of next year, the government …………………….a new school in the village.
a- Will built b- will have built c- will be building d- is building
25-This time next year, Salma ……………..for her final exam.
a-will revise b-revises c-may revise d-will be revising
26- He ……….work in an hour. He has arranged it with his boss.
a. is leaving b. is going to leave c. will leave d. leaves
27-I'm sure they……………..the price when more people buy them
a-will be reduced b-will reduce c-would reduce d-are going to reduce
28-By this time next week, I ………………………my test results.
a-will have heard b-will hear c-will have been heard d-will be heard
29- The new underground railway line …………………………………….. by 2021.
a-will build b-will be built c-will have been built d-will have built
30. The film ................ at 7.30 this evening.
a- starts b- will start c- started d- is starting
31- She.............an engineer when she leaves university. That is her plan,
a- will become b- has become c- is going to become d- becomes
32- Someone’s at the door. I……………………who it is
a- am seeing b- will see c- am going to see d- see
33. There's a book club meeting after school and everyone...........there.
a) is going to go b) will go c) are going to go d) goes
34. The train to Cairo is on platform four and it ..................in thirty minutes.
a) is leaving b) will be leaving c) leaves d) will leave
35. We.................a family party on Saturday. Would you like to come?
a) will have b) going to have c) are having d) have
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤١ The legend
36. I can’t see you later this evening because I......... my homework with Mrs Eman.
a) will do b) ’m doing c) will have done d) going to do
37. I...................to study Medicine at Assiut University. This is my plan.
a) am applying b) will apply c) will be applying d) am going to apply
38. This school .............50 years old next year.
a) is going to be b) will be c) is d) will be being
39-I can't visit you because I ………………my homework this evening.
a-will do b-will have done c-will be doing d-do
40-the other team's players are very big. It …………….a difficult match.
a-is b-is going to c-will be d-is being
41-in my opinion, the population of Egypt………….by20% next year.
a-is increasing b-has increased c-will increase d- is going to increase
42-I haven’t seen my cousin in England for five years. I’m sure she…………………….. a lot!
a- is going to grow b-will grow c-grows d-will have grown
43- I want to buy a new villa, so I ……………… save a lot of money.
a) am going to b) will c) going to d) will be
44-We ................... studying this book by the end of this year.
a finish b will be finishing c will have finished d are finishing
45-They’ve got the tickets. They………………… to England!
a-fly b-will fly c-are flying d-are going to fly
46-The basketball team …………..two games next week.
a-will play b- are playing c-play d-would play
47-By next Saturday, my car ………………………………… .
a. will be repairing b. will have been repaired c. will have repaired d. will repair

Unit 7

should / shouldn't + inf. ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-١

‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬-١
-You should play tennis – you'd enjoy it. -You should buy Ahmed a new CD.
(advice) ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺼﯿﺤﺔ‬-٢
-You shouldn't eat crisps – they're bad for your health.
- You’ve got a nasty cough. You shouldn't smoke.
Should + inf & Shouldn’t + inf  ‫ت‬

It is advisable/ desirable to
I advise you to
If I were you, I would

+ ‫ﺍﳌﺼـــــﺪﺭ‬
Should = It would be a good idea to
You had better
You would rather

It is not advisable/ desirable to

I advise you not to
If I were you, I wouldn't
Shouldn't = It would not be a good idea to + ‫ﺍﳌﺼـــــﺪﺭ‬
You had better not
You would rather not
e.g. – you should do more exercise = it's advisable to do more exercise

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٢ The legend

 : must   
 ‫ م‬  -١
e.g. . you must see a doctor. You've been ill for a week
you must wash your hand before you eat. You must remember to drive on the left.
‫ه‬ ‫ و‬   ‫ء‬ ‫ أن‬  ‫ أو‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬‫ و‬ ‫ء‬  ‫ورة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫س‬‫ إ‬ ‫ت‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬  – ٢
I / We ‫ ا‬   ‫ا‬
.We must buy souvenirs for our friends. I must visit my uncle more often
‫د‬   ‫ة أو ا‬‫ د‬     - ٣
You must come and see us at the weekend. You must try a piece of my cake
‫ن‬‫م‬‫ ا‬ ‫ أو‬ ‫ع أو‬ ‫م‬ ‫ء‬‫ ا‬  ُ  ).‫ أو ا‬‫ ا‬  : mustn't   
Be not allowed to ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﻤﻮح‬
Be forbidden to ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬
Mustn't = Be prohibited / banned to ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮع‬ + ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬
It's against the law to ‫ﺿﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
No + v.ing
Ex-He mustn't park here. = It's against the law to park here
= it is not allowed to park here = it is forbidden to park here.
Exercises
1- The tourists ………………… visit the museum. It's very interesting.
a - shouldn't b- mustn't c- should d- would
2-You…………………….. look at the sun. It is bad for your eyes !
a-wouldn't b mustn't c should d must
3- You …………………touch that pan. It is very hot!
a should b must c mustn’t d must not to
4- Ali is very tall. He ………………….play basketball.
a should b would c shouldn’t d can’t
5- you …………….smoke in hospitals. t's banned
a should b must c mustn’t d shouldn't
6- you…………..to take part in the conference.
a- should b- 'd better c- ought d- could
7- you……………..bathe more often in hot weather.
a- should b- must c- mustn't d- don't need
8-tell him that he ……………be here by eight. I insist on it
a- should b- must c- ought d- can
9-You ………………. always wash your hands before you eat
a- should b- shouldn't c- ought d- can
10- We …………….. buy souvenirs for our friends while we’re here.
a-has to b-must c- had to d-should
11-One ……….drive more slowly to avoid accidents.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. ought d. should
12-You have an exam tomorrow, so you ……….study now and don't waste your time.
a. mustn't b. had better c. would better d. needn't
13-When you go to Alexandria, you……………………….. visit the library. It’s amazing!
a should to b must c will d need
14-I ……………. buy some bread from the shops. Don’t let me forget!
a-need b-have to c-must d-can
15-You …………… park here. It is not allowed.
a-needn't b-don't have to c-mustn't d-shouldn't
17-We ………….. buy a present for Ali’s birthday.
a-have to b-should c-must d-need

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٣ The legend

 (3rd conditional) :‫" اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬if" ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
:‫" اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬if" ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬

If + ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم‬ , ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ would/could/might + have + p.p.

.‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺨﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻡ‬-١
1-If I had (I'd) left home on time, I would (I'd) have caught the school bus. -
2- If you had gone to the sports club, you would / could / might have seen Ali.
3-If I had had enough money yesterday, I would / could / might have bought that mobile phone.

(If) ‫ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ أداة اﻟﺸﺮط‬

( If ) ) ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬-
In case of +   noun/ v. ing : ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬-١
 In case of studying hard ( his hard study ) , he would have come first
= if he had studied hard, he would have come first
‫ ﻭ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ‬if ‫ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬had ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬

Had + ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ p.p. , ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬+ would + have + p.p.

E.g. If they had played well, they would have won the match.
= had they played well, they would have won the match
( But for )+ noun /Without + noun/ v. ing = Unless+ ‫ت‬‫ = ا‬If+ not ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻰ‬:-٢
: ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
 If he hadn't come early, he wouldn't have entered .
= unless he had come early, he wouldn't have entered.
=Without coming early, he wouldn't have entered.
‫ ( ﻓﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬But for - without ) ‫ ( ﳏـــﻞ‬V. ing /n.+) If it hadn’t been for ‫ ﲢـــﻞ‬-٣
If it hadn’t been for + v.ing /n . subj.+ Would have + p.p
►But for (Without) her cleverness, she would have got low marks.
= If it hadn’t been for her cleverness, she would have got low marks.
What would + sub + have +pp if ( ‫? ) ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ ً : ‫ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻛﺎﻻﺗﻰ‬-

Exercises
1-if Ahmed hadn't lived in China, he wouldn't ………….to speak Chinese.
a- learn b- had learned c have learned d learned
2- if Mona…………… to the Red Sea last summer, she would have swum in the sea.
a- went b- had gone c- has gone d- will go
3- We wouldn’t have gone to the beach if we……………… it was so windy!
a knew b would know c had known d know
4- I would never ……………….Chinese food if we hadn’t visited that restaurant
a try b have tried c trying d tried
5- if my watch …………..been right , I wouldn't have been late .
a- has b- had c- hasn't d- hadn't
6- If they ………..… more careful, they wouldn’t have had that bad accident.
a had been b has been c were d are
7- If Shakespeare had not met a rich patron, he ........... become a great writer.
a) would have b) wouldn't c) wouldn't have d) won't
8-The driver wouldn't have had an accident if he ........... careless.
been d) hadn't been a) weren't b) wasn't c) had
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٤ The legend
 9- if she…………….me, I'd have helped her.
a- phone b- phoned c- had phoned d-phoning
10- …………… he arrived early yesterday, he could have attended the conference.
a) Hadn't b) Had c) Unless d) If
11- Had it rained so heavily, we ……………… floods.
a) wouldn't have had b) would have c) would have had d) may have
12- had he been more careful, he …………….low marks.
a- wouldn't get b- will get c- wouldn't have got d- would have got
13- If Ahmed had read that book, he…………. what happened at the end.
a knew b will know c would know d would have known
14 …….. his unexpected death, he would have been the world wrestling champion several times.
a. If it weren’t for b. But for c. If d. Unless
15-Without his help, I -------------- that job. I'm really very thankful to him.
A. won't take B. wouldn't take C. wouldn't have taken D. didn't take
16- …………… he followed the instructions, the machine wouldn't have stopped
a) Hadn't b) Had c) Unless d) If
17-If the money he had ................enough , he would have bought the car.
a-had b-been c-had been d-were
18-Mustafa would not have passed his exams if he ……….hard.
a. doesn't study b. didn't study c. hadn't studied d. wouldn't study
19.if I …………that camera in the shop, we wouldn't have bought it..
a.had seen b. Hadn't seen c. Haven't seen d. saw
20.if Ahmed hadn't lived in China, he wouldn't ………….to speak Chinese.
a.learn b. had learned c. have learned d. learne

Unit 9

 ‫ف‬ ‫دئ‬‫ ا‬ ‫ى‬‫د ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ " a " ‫ م‬
a pen – a car – a book- a woman – a farm …………etc.
. (y)  ‫( و‬u) ‫( او‬e) ‫ف‬ ‫دئ‬‫ ا‬ ‫ى‬‫د ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ " a " ‫م‬
a university – a European country – a uniform – a useful thing- a unit
. (‫( اى )وا‬w)  ‫( و‬o) ‫ف‬ ‫دئ‬‫ ا‬ ‫ى‬‫د ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ " a " ‫م‬
a one-way road
(a, e, I, o, u) ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬ ‫دئ‬‫د ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ " an " ‫ م‬
an elephant – an apple – an orange – an umbrella – an item- an uncle
: ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬  ‫ك او‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫دئ‬‫ ا‬ ‫ى‬‫د ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ " an " ‫م‬
an hour – an honest man – an x-ray-an heir ‫ورﯾﺚ‬

The use of indefinite articles

a / an
‫ة‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ ا‬  -١
 We have a house with a garden.
I’ve got a new camera. Have you ever had an operation?
/‫د‬  ‫ وا‬‫ إ‬ -٢
 We have got a car . / he's a player in our football team
‫ص‬‫ ا‬‫ وظ‬‫ إ‬ -٣
He is a teacher / My uncle is an engineer.
:‫د‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ an/a  -٤
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٥ The legend
 What a clever student!/  what an exciting film !.
: ‫ت‬‫ وا‬‫ وأدوات ا‬‫ وا‬‫د وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ات ا‬‫ ا‬ an/a  -٥
A dozen /a couple/ a pair /a thousand/ a hundred/a cup/ an hour /a lot
(A pair of shoes/ a couple of minutes/80 kilometers an hour)
( a cold /a headache / a toothache/ a stomachache ) : ‫اض ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ أ‬ -٦
: ‫د‬  ‫ت ا‬‫ت وا‬‫ ا‬ -٧
He is an English boy. I read an exciting story
.‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬‫ و‬  ‫ء ا‬‫ أو ا‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ a / an ‫ م‬ ‫و‬
Fish is my favourite food. I’m wearing black shoes.

The definite article " the " :

: ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ " the " ‫ أداة ا‬‫م‬

( ‫ة أ‬‫ ) م‬‫و‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ ذ‬‫ و‬‫م‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ -١
►I have got a house with a garden. The house is small, but the garden is huge.
.. ‫ن‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ -٢
The sun – the moon – the universe – the world – the horizon -the earth- the country- the town
– the sea- the sky- the pyramids –the high dam – the state
► Cairo is the capital of Egypt . - The sun rises in the east.
:‫ ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬‫ م‬ the ‫م‬ space   ‫و‬
 There are millions of stars in space. - I tried to park my car, but the space was too small.
‫ت‬‫ت وا‬‫ا‬‫ ا‬ -٣
(the telephone – the computer – the television – the plane- the radio…..)
The plane has made travel very fast. The computer is a wonderful invention
( ‫د‬‫ ا‬  ‫ه ا‬ ‫ ) و‬ ‫ع‬‫ ا‬‫ إ‬ ‫د‬‫ان ا‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ -٤
The camel bears thirst . ( All camels bear thirst )
The giraffe has a long neck . ( All giraffes have long necks )
( ‫ى ) ا‬‫ ا‬‫رم‬‫ت ا‬  -٥
- The computer is the most important modern invention .
- Ali is the tallest boy in the class .
 .........   ‫رم‬‫ ا‬  -٦
- The more you work, the more you earn .
( ‫ ا‬    ‫ ) و‬‫ أو ا‬‫ ا‬‫ إ‬ ‫ ا‬ -٧
The poor = poor people the rich = rich people
(The blind, the young, the old, the dead, the living, the innocent, the brave)
 The rich should help the poor = Rich people should help poor people.
‫دة‬  ‫ ا‬‫م‬  a ‫ ( وم‬play – listen to – learn – teach )  ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ -٨
Play (the piano, the violin, the drum, the guitar, the lute, the harp…….)
He likes to play the guitar every day. Heba wants to buy a piano
‫اء ا‬‫ه وأ‬‫ وا‬  ‫رات ا‬‫ ا‬‫اء ا‬‫ أ‬ -٩
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, the present – the past – the back – the
front – the body – the brain- the head………
:‫خ‬‫ب وا‬‫ت وا‬‫ت وا‬‫ء ا‬‫ أ‬‫ ودور ا‬‫ادي وا‬‫رح وا‬‫دق وا‬‫ء ا‬‫ أ‬ -١٠
the cinema - the internet - the office, the radio , the theatre , the army , the post office
the government – the police –the United Nations – the climate – the weather – the press …
(  ‫رة‬ ) ‫ ا‬  ‫ إذا ا‬‫ ا‬‫ء ا‬‫ أ‬ the  -١١
(School – university – hospital –prison – mosque – church – market)
- My father went to the school to meet the headmaster yesterday. ( As a visitor )
- My father went to school yesterday. ( As a teacher)
.‫ات‬‫ر وا‬‫م‬‫ت وا‬‫ر وا‬‫ء ا‬‫ أ‬ -١٢

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٦ The legend

 The Mediterranean sea - The Red sea – the pacific ocean – the River Nile – the Suez Canal
The Atlantic ocean – the Amazon - The Panama Canal -The Indian ocean
‫ت‬‫ا‬‫رى وا‬‫ر وا‬‫ت ا‬‫ات و‬‫ت ا‬‫ل و‬‫ ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ أ‬ -١٣
The Alps The Himalayas The Andes The Great lakes
The Caribbean islands the Bahamas the West Indies
the Sahara desert The western/eastern desert – the siwa oasis
:‫ت‬‫ه ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ وا‬‫ت ا‬‫رات وا‬‫ت وا‬‫ر‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫د ا‬‫ء ا‬‫ أ‬ -١٤
(Kingdom  /States ‫ و‬/ republic ‫ر‬ /Union ‫د‬‫ ا‬/emirate ‫رة‬‫ إ‬/ united ‫ة‬)
- The United States of America \The USA. ‫ة ا‬‫ت ا‬‫ا‬
- The united kingdom / the UK ‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬
- The Arab Republic of Egypt. \ The A.R.E
- The United Arab Emirates \ The U. A. E ‫ة‬ ‫رات‬‫ا‬
- the European union/ the E U ‫ورو‬‫د ا‬‫ا‬
- The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. /the K.S.A ‫د‬‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬
‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ the ‫ م‬-١٥
The north of – The south of – The east of – The west of
:‫ ا‬‫ ا‬‫ أر‬ the ‫ و‬-١٦
The only…..the last, the first, the second, the third, the fourth…..etc.
Ex: Asmaa was the only girl who attended the lesson.
:‫ ا‬‫ وا‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ -١٧
The times ‫ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻳﻤﺰ‬/The holy Quran/ the bible‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺪس‬
:‫ ا‬   ‫ب ا‬‫ ا‬ -١٨
The queen / the prince/the king/the president/the professor
:‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ -١٩
The French / the English/ the British / the smiths
:( ‫ و‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ او ا‬‫ ا‬)  ‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ -٢٠
(The child that I met – the girl in white dress – the dinner which I made )
-The fish which we had for dinner last night was delicious.
-I’m wearing the black shoes I bought yesterday.
 I like the weather of Alexandria. :of   ‫ ا‬‫ ا‬ .٢١

‫ـ‬: ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺍﳊـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴـﺔ‬the ‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨـﺪﻡ‬

  ‫ ا‬   ‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ -١
Ex: Flowers have nice smell . ( All kinds of flowers )
the flowers in my garden are beautiful. ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬
‫ن‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ إذا‬television  the ‫ م‬ -٢
Ex: I watched a movie on television . - I usually watch TV in the evening.
‫ إذا ﻗﺼﺪﻧﺎ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬television ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ‬the ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻀﻊ‬
Ex: He put the glass on the television . - Can you turn off the television, please?
(  ‫ى أم‬‫ ) ا‬‫ ا‬  ‫ إذا ا‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ -٣
School – university – hospital – bed – prison – mosque – church – market
Ex: He went to hospital because he had eaten bad food .
.‫دة‬‫ر ا‬‫د او ا‬‫ ا‬‫دة أو ا‬‫ة ا‬‫ ا‬‫ أ‬ -٤
Malta island Lake Nasser Mount Everest Mount Sinai. ‫ﺟﺒﻞ ﺳﯿﻨﺎء‬
western – eastern – southern – northern ‫ت‬‫ ا‬ ‫ت ا‬‫ ا‬ -٥
Ex: I visited southern America .
‫ت‬‫ وا‬‫را‬‫اد ا‬‫ت وا‬‫ ا‬ -٦
English – chemistry – French dinner – lunch – breakfast – Supper -
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٧ The legend
 The English class lasts an hour.‫ﻧﻘﻮل‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ع‬‫ ا‬‫ وأ‬‫ل ا‬‫ر و‬‫ ا‬ -٧
winter – spring – autumn – summer – January-Saturday- Monday
‫م‬‫ت وا‬‫ وا‬‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ -٨
Democracy –beauty –happiness – love- peace – swimming – reading-football –tennis –
running - camping - work
: ‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬ -٩
(Queen Elizabeth- professor magdy yacoub - king Lear )
:‫ا‬‫رات وا‬‫ول وا‬‫ن وا‬‫ء ا‬‫ أ‬ -١٠
Cairo – Africa- Tokyo – America – Europe –France
(the Sudan - the Netherlands - the Congo- the Yemen ) ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻘﻮل‬
‫ا‬.....‫ى‬‫ء أ‬‫ وأ‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬‫ وا‬‫اد ا‬‫ وا‬‫ا‬‫ وا‬‫ط‬‫ )ا‬ ‫ء ا‬‫ ا‬١١
- sugar – meat – bread ‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬Flour- Water - oil – tea - Iron – wood – plastic-copper - silver
Furniture ‫ اﻷﺛﺎث‬- grass ‫ اﻟﻌﺸﺐ‬- luggage – baggage ‫ اﻷﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬- jewellery – money – electricity – work
– news – information – laughter – rubbish – hair- traffic - clothing – sand – rain – ice – money
:(return –go- come –arrive ) ‫ل‬‫ ا‬  (bed- work – home)   -١٢
He returned home late last night. / when did you arrive at work?

Exercises
1- Mahmoud went to a school in Cairo……………. school was very big .
a- a b an c the d no article
2- This is …………………… first time that the tourists have seen the Pyramids.
a- a b an c the d no article
3- You must never look at………. sun.
a- a b an c the d no article
4- Ahmed’s father is ……………teacher.
a- a b an c the d no article
5- In today’s programme, we hear about ………………brave man.
a- a b an c the d no article
6-Today, he is one of ………. best wheelchair tennis players in Egypt
a- a b an c the d no article
7-He decided that he wanted to be ………….. P.E. teacher.
a- a b an c the d no article
8-She wants to have a holiday next to………………….. sea.
a- a b an c the d no article
9- Do you like playing ………… computer games?
a- a b an c the d no article
10- My uncle has a house that is near……….. Nile.
a- a b an c the d no article
11- Mona’s favourite place is…………. Egyptian Museum.
a- a b an c the d no article
12- Scientists have found a new animal that lives in ……………… Brazil.
a- a b an c the d no article
13-they all went to…………lunch organized by their uncle
a- a b an c the d no article
14-He goes to----------------------bed to sleep.
a- a b an c the d no article
15-We went to ----------------hospital to visit my ill sister.
a- a b an c the d no article
16-i met ahmed whose………..car is very expensive.
a- a b an c the d no article
17-France is…………European country on the Mediterranean sea.
a- a b an c the d no article
Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٨ The legend
 18-my father went to ……….school to meet my teachers.
a- a b an c the d no article
19- the rich should help……….poor.
a- a b an c the d no article
19-Suddenly, it fell off the 6th of October Bridge and crashed to ……….ground.
a- a b an c the d no article
20. We were having .............. picnic by the Nile.
a- a b an c the d no article
21-have you ever been to………lake Nasser?
a- a b an c the d no article
22-I went to .....................hospital to visit my uncle
a- a b an c the d no article
23-You should be very careful when you drive…………car
a- a b an c the d no article
24-They don't need…………advice from you.
a- a b an c the d no article
25-My sister goes to school on………………..bus.
a- my b an c the d no article
26-I spent the holiday in ...........................country
a- a b an c the d no article
27-Hard work always leads to.................success.
a- a b an c the d no article
28-France is..............European country on the Mediterranean sea.
a- a b an c the d no article
29-..................physics is difficult but interesting subject.
a- a b an c the d no article
30-I usually like watching............TV in my spare time.
a- a b an c the d no article
31-My friend is interested in visiting..............United kingdom.
a- a b an c the d no article
32-.................Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
a- a b an c the d no article
33-..............teachers at my school work very hard.
a- a b an c the d no article
34-My brother plays ................violin very well.
a- a b an c the d no article

Mr. Mohamed fawzy ٤٩ The legend